09 May 2023

QUANTUM SECURITY
MANAGEMENT

R81.20

Administration Guide
[Classification: Protected]
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 Important Information

Important Information
Latest Software
We recommend that you install the most recent software release to stay up-to-date with the
latest functional improvements, stability fixes, security enhancements and protection against
new and evolving attacks.

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Check Point R81.20

For more about this release, see the R81.20 home page.

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Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      3

 Important Information

Revision History

Date Description

23 April 2023 Updated "Central Deployment of Hotfixes and Version Upgrades" on page 160 -
Limitations

03 April 2023 Updated "Location of 'user.def' Files on the Management Server" on page 172

02 April 2023 Updated "Creating Application Control and URL Filtering Rules" on page 230

13 March Updated "Central Deployment of Hotfixes and Version Upgrades" on page 160

2023

09 March Updated "Managing Administrator and User Accounts" on page 45

2023

19 February Updated "Configuring Implied Rules or Kernel Tables for Security Gateways" on
2023 page 167

31 January Updated "Central Deployment of Hotfixes and Version Upgrades" on page 160

2023

11 January Textual Corrections

2023

19 Updated "Configuring a Secondary Security Management Server in SmartConsole" on

December page 400
2022

04 Updated:
December
2022
n "Configuring Implied Rules or Kernel Tables for Security Gateways" on page 167 -
added paths for R81.10.X versions on Quantum Spark appliances

20 First release of this document

November
2022

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 Table of Contents

Table of Contents
Introduction to Quantum Security Management 22
Getting Started 23
Understanding SmartConsole 24
SmartConsole Window 24
SmartConsole Toolbars 25
Search Engine 28
IP Search 28
General IP Search 28
Packet Search 28
Rule Base Results 29
Access and Custom Policy Tools 29
"Access Tools" in the Security Policies "Access Control" view 29
"Custom Policy Tools" in the Security Policies "Threat Prevention" view 30
Shared Policies 30
API Command Line Interface 31
Keyboard Shortcuts for SmartConsole 31
Web SmartConsole 34
Connecting to the Security Management Server through SmartConsole 35
Planning Security Management 37
Define your Organization's Topology 37
Define Access Rules for Protection of your Organization's Resources 37
Enforce Access Policies 37
Configuring the Security Management Server and Security Gateways 38
Setting up for Team Work 39
Managing Security through API 40
API 40
API Tools 40
Configuring the API Server 41
Configuring API Key Authentication for Administrators 42
Managing Administrator and User Accounts 45
Managing Administrator Accounts 45
Creating an Administrator Account 45
Editing an Administrator Account 47

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 Table of Contents

Deleting an Administrator Account 48

Default Expiration for Administrators 48
Configuring SmartConsole Session Timeout 49
Revoking an Administrator Certificate 49
Restricting Administrator Login Attempts 49
Unlocking Administrator Accounts 50
Configuring Check Point Password Authentication for Administrators 50
Configuring OS Password Authentication for Administrators 52
Configuring RADIUS Server Authentication for Administrators 54
Configuring TACACS Server Authentication for Administrators 57
Configuring SecurID Authentication for Administrators 59
Configuring SAML Authentication Login for Administrators 62
Use Case 62
SAML Authentication Login 63
Configuring API Key Authentication for Administrators 68
Assigning Permission Profiles to Administrators 70
Changing and Creating Permission Profiles 71
Configuring Customized Permissions 72
Configuring Permissions for Access Control Layers 74
Configuring Permissions for Access Control and Threat Prevention 75
Configuring Permissions for Monitoring, Logging, Events, and Reports 75
Defining Trusted Clients 75
Session Flow for Administrators 77
Publishing a Session 78
Working in SmartConsole Session View 79
Viewing Changes Made in Private Sessions 80
Taking over locked objects from administrators with inactive sessions 80
Administrators Working with Multiple Sessions 81
Approval Cycle for Sessions (SmartWorkflow and Identity Provider) 83
Use Case 83
Configuration 83
Managing User Accounts 85
Creating a User Account 85
Changing an Existing User 87
Deleting a User 87

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 Table of Contents

Managing User Groups 88

Configuring Default Expiration Settings for Users 89
Configuring User Access using Check Point Password Authentication 89
Configuring User Access using OS Password 91
Configuring RADIUS Authentication for Users 93
Configuring TACACS Authentication for Users 96
Configuring SecurID Authentication for Users 99
Access Roles 104
Adding Access Roles 104
User Directory 105
User Directory Considerations 105
Deploying User Directory 106
Enabling User Directory 107
User Directory Schema for LDAP 107
Schema Checking 108
OID Proprietary Attributes 108
User Directory Schema Attributes 108
Fetch User Information Effectively 117
Setting User-to-Group Membership Mode 117
Profile Attributes 118
Managing Users on a User Directory Server 127
Distributing Users in Multiple Servers 127
Managing LDAP Information 127
LDAP Groups for the User Directory 128
Retrieving Information from a User Directory Server 129
Running User Directory Queries 129
Querying Multiple LDAP Servers 130
Configuring Administrators and Users on an External LDAP Server 130
Microsoft Active Directory 130
Updating the Registry Settings 131
Delegating Control 132
Extending the Active Directory Schema 132
Adding New Attributes to the Active Directory 132
Account Units 133
Working with LDAP Account Units 134

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 Table of Contents

Configuring LDAP query parameters 138

Modifying the LDAP Server 138
Account Units and High Availability 139
Setting High Availability Priority 140
Authenticating with Certificates 140
Managing Gateways 142
Creating a New Security Gateway 142
Manually Updating the Gateway Topology 144
Get Interfaces API 144
Dynamically Updating the Security Gateway Topology 146
Dynamic Anti-Spoofing 146
Secure Internal Communication (SIC) 147
Initializing Trust 147
SIC Status 147
Trust State 148
Troubleshooting SIC 148
Understanding the Check Point Internal Certificate Authority (ICA) 149
ICA Clients 150
SIC Certificate Management 150
Managing Licenses 152
Managing Server and Gateway Licenses 153
Viewing Licenses in SmartConsole 155
Viewing license information for VSX 156
Monitoring Licenses in SmartConsole 157
License or Quota Changes 159
Central Deployment of Hotfixes and Version Upgrades 160
Introduction 160
Prerequisites 161
Limitations 161
Installation 162
How the Central Deployment Upgrades a Cluster 165
Configuring a Security Gateway to Access the Management Server or Log Server at its NATed IP
Address 166
Configuring Implied Rules or Kernel Tables for Security Gateways 167
Introduction 167
Configuration files 167

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 Table of Contents

Configuration Procedure 169

Introduction 169
Configuration files 170
Configuration Procedure 171
Location of 'user.def' Files on the Management Server 172
Location of 'implied_rules.def' Files on the Management Server 173
Location of 'table.def' Files on the Management Server 174
Location of 'crypt.def' Files on the Management Server 175
Location of 'vpn_table.def' Files on the Management Server 176
Location of 'communities.def' Files on the Management Server 177
Location of 'base.def' Files on the Management Server 178
Location of 'dhcp.def' Files on the Management Server 179
Location of 'gtp.def' Files on the Management Server 180
Managing Objects 181
Object Categories 181
Actions with Objects 183
Object Tags 184
Adding a Tag to an Object 184
Network Object Types 185
Networks 185
Network Groups 185
Grouping Network Objects 185
Check Point Hosts 186
Gateway Cluster 186
Address Ranges 186
Wildcard Objects 186
Understanding Wildcard Objects 186
IPv6 190
Domains 190
Updatable Objects 191
Adding an Updatable Object to the Security Policy 191
Dynamic Objects 192
Generic Data Center Objects 192
Limitations 193
Security Zones 193

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 Table of Contents

Creating and Assigning Security Zones 194

Predefined Security Zones 195
Limitations 195
Externally Managed Gateways and Hosts 196
Interoperable Devices 196
VoIP Domains 196
Logical Servers 196
Balance Method 197
Open Security Extension (OSE) Devices 197
Defining OSE Device Interfaces 198
OSE Device Properties Window - "General" Tab 198
Anti-Spoofing Parameters and OSE Devices Setup (Cisco) 198
Managing Policies 200
Working with Policy Packages 200
Viewing Rule Logs 205
Policy Installation History 206
Concurrent Install Policy 207
Accelerated Install Policy 208
Creating an Access Control Policy 209
Introducing the Unified Access Control Policy 209
The Columns of the Access Control Rule Base 210
Source and Destination Column 210
To Learn More About Network Objects 211
VPN Column 211
IPsec VPN 211
Mobile Access to the Network 212
To Learn More About VPN 212
Services & Applications Column 212
Service Matching 212
Application Matching 213
Services and Applications on R77.30 and Lower Security Gateways, and after Upgrade 215
Content Column 215
Actions 217
UserCheck Actions 218
Tracking Column 218

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 Table of Contents

To Learn More About Tracking 219

Rule Matching in the Access Control Policy 220
The matching examples show that: 223
Creating a Basic Access Control Policy 224
Basic Rules 224
Use Case - Basic Access Control 224
Use Case - Inline Layer for Each Department 225
Default Cell Values 228
Enforcement of Rules with the Value "None" 228
Upgrading of a Management Server from R81 and Lower Versions 229
Creating Application Control and URL Filtering Rules 230
Blocking URL Categories 235
Ordered Layers and Inline Layers 236
The Need for Ordered Layers and Inline Layers 236
Order of Rule Enforcement in Inline Layers 236
Order of Rule Enforcement in Ordered Layers 237
Creating an Inline Layer 238
Creating an Ordered Layer 239
Enabling Access Control Features 240
Types of Rules in the Rule Base 241
Administrators for Access Control Layers 243
Sharing Layers 244
Visual Division of the Rule Base with Sections 245
Managing Policies and Layers 245
Use Cases for the Unified Rule Base 247
Best Practices for Access Control Rules 257
Installing the Access Control Policy 259
Pre-R80.10 Gateways and the Unified Access Control Policy 260
Analyzing the Rule Base Hit Count 261
Enabling or Disabling Hit Count 261
Hit Count Display 262
Preventing IP Spoofing 264
Anti-Spoofing Options 266
Multicast Access Control 267
Configuring the NAT Policy 269

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 Table of Contents

Getting Started with NAT 269

Introduction 269
Types of NAT Rules 270
Types of NAT Methods 271
NAT Rules in SmartConsole 274
Order of NAT Rule Enforcement 276
Working with Automatic NAT Rules 277
Example of Automatic NAT Rules 277
Configuring Automatic NAT 279
Example Deployment 279
Automatic Hide NAT to External Networks 282
Working with Manual NAT Rules 284
Example of a Manual NAT Rule 284
Configuring Manual NAT 285
Example Deployment 285
Working with NAT46 Rules 290
Overview 290
Known Limitations for NAT46 292
Configuring NAT46 292
Logging of NAT46 Traffic 300
Working with NAT64 Rules 301
Overview 301
Known Limitations for NAT64 302
Example of NAT64 Translation Flow 302
Configuring NAT64 304
Logging of NAT64 traffic 314
Advanced NAT Settings 315
Automatic and Proxy ARP 315
NAT and Anti-Spoofing 315
Disabling NAT in a VPN Tunnel 315
Internal Communication with Overlapping Addresses 317
Example Network Configuration 317
Communication Examples 318
Routing Considerations 319
Object Database Configuration 319

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 Table of Contents

Security Management behind NAT 320

Overview 320
Configuring NAT for Control Connections on the Security Management Server 320
Configuring NAT for Control Connections on a Remote Security Gateway 321
IP Pool NAT 323
Overview 323
NAT Priorities 324
IP Pool Per Interface 325
Reusing IP Pool Addresses For Different Destinations 326
IP Pool Configuration Procedure 328
Mobile Access to the Network 331
Check Point Mobile Access Solutions 331
Client-Based vs. Clientless 331
Mobile Access Clients 331
Mobile Access Web Portal 332
SSL Network Extender 332
Configuring Mobile Access to Network Resources 332
Sample Mobile Access Workflow 332
Sample Mobile Access Deployment 333
Using the Mobile Access Configuration Wizard 334
Allowing Mobile Connections 335
Defining Access to Applications 335
Activating Single Sign-On 335
Connecting to a Citrix Server 336
Sample Deployment with Citrix Server 336
Configuring Citrix Services for Mobile Access 337
Compliance Check 338
Compliance Policy Rules 338
Creating a Compliance Policy 339
Configuring Compliance Settings for a Security Gateway 339
Secure Workspace 340
Secure Workspace 341
To Learn More About Mobile Access 341
Site-to-Site VPN 342
Sample Site-to-Site VPN Deployment 342

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 Table of Contents

VPN Communities 342

Sample Combination VPN Community 344
Allowing VPN Connections 345
Sample VPN Access Control Rules 345
To Learn More About Site-to-Site VPN 346
Remote Access VPN 347
VPN Connectivity Modes 347
Sample Remote Access VPN Workflow 347
Configuring the Security Gateway for a Remote Access Community 348
To Learn More About Remote Access VPN 349
Creating a New Threat Prevention Policy 350
External Network Feeds 351
Use Case 351
Monitoring 353
Troubleshooting 354
Sharing SmartConsole Configuration and Logs with Infinity Portal 356
Prerequisites 356
HTTPS Inspection 359
Inspecting HTTPS Connections 359
Outbound HTTPS Connections 359
Inbound HTTPS Connections 360
Configuring Security Gateways to inspect outbound and inbound HTTPS traffic 360
Enabling HTTPS Inspection 361
Creating an Outbound CA Certificate 361
Importing an Outbound CA Certificate 362
Exporting a Certificate from the Security Management Server 363
Exporting and Deploying the Generated CA 364
Deploying Certificates by Using Group Policy 365
Configuring Inbound HTTPS Inspection 365
Assigning a Server Certificate for Inbound HTTPS Inspection 366
HTTPS Inspection Policy 367
Configuring HTTPS Inspection Rules 368
HTTPS Inspection Logs 369
Bypassing HTTPS Inspection for Software Update Services 370
Managing Certificates by Gateway 370

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 Table of Contents

Adding Trusted CAs for Outbound HTTPS Inspection 371

Saving a CA Certificate 371
HTTPS Validation 371
Showing HTTPS Inspection Logs 372
SNI support for Site Categorization 372
HTTPS Inspection on Non-Standard Ports 372
Inspection of TLS v1.3 Traffic 373
Client Certificates for Smartphones and Tablets 374
Managing Client Certificates 374
Creating Client Certificates 374
Revoking Certificates 375
Creating Templates for Certificate Distribution 376
Cloning a Template 377
Giving Permissions for Client Certificates 378
Preferences and Management Settings 379
Database Revisions 379
Setting IP Address Versions of the Environment 381
Restoring Window Default 381
Configuring the Login Window 381
Synchronization with UserCenter 382
Inspection Settings 382
Configuring Inspection Settings 383
SmartTasks 384
Available Triggers 385
Available Actions 386
Configuring SmartTask Properties 387
SmartTask Advanced Properties 387
Send Web Request 387
Run script 388
Send Email 388
Network Security for IoT Devices 392
Introduction 392
Prerequisites 393
Network Overview 394
Network Diagram 394

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 Table of Contents

Configuring the IoT Third Party Discovery Service 394

Adding IoT Assets to the Policy 395
Infinity for IoT Logs 396
Management High Availability 398
Overview of Management High Availability 398
The High Availability Environment 399
Configuring a Secondary Security Management Server in SmartConsole 400
Synchronizing Active and Standby Servers 401
Monitoring High Availability 401
Monitoring Synchronization Status and Actions 401
Changing a Server to Active or Standby 403
Working in Collision Mode 403
Changeover Between Active and Standby 403
High Availability Troubleshooting 404
Not Communicating 404
Collision or HA Conflict 404
Sync Error 404
Unlocking the Administrator 404
Environments with Endpoint Security 405
High Availability Disaster Recovery 406
The ICA Management Tool 408
Overview 408
Connecting to the ICA Management Tool 408
The ICA Management Tool Portal 410
User Certificate Management 411
Modifying the Key Size for User Certificates 411
Performing Multiple Simultaneous Operations 411
ICA Administrators with Reduced Privileges 412
Operations with Certificates 412
Management of SIC Certificates 412
Management of Security Gateway VPN Certificates 412
Management of User Certificates in SmartConsole 412
Notifying Users about Certificate Initialization 412
Retrieving the ICA Certificate Files 413
Searching for a Certificate 413

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 Table of Contents

Basic Search Parameters 413

Advanced Search Attributes 414
The Search Results 414
Viewing and Saving Certificate Details 414
Removing and Revoking Certificates and Sending Email Notifications 415
Submitting a Certificate Request to the CA 415
Initializing Multiple Certificates Simultaneously 416
CRL 417
CRL Management 417
CRL Operations 418
CA Procedures 418
CA Cleanup 418
Configuring the CA 419
CA Data Types and Attributes 419
Certificate Longevity and Statuses 422
Gaia API Proxy 424
Command Line Reference 430
Syntax Legend 431
contract_util 432
contract_util check 433
contract_util cpmacro 434
contract_util download 435
contract_util mgmt 437
contract_util print 438
contract_util summary 439
contract_util update 440
contract_util verify 441
cp_conf 442
cp_conf admin 444
cp_conf auto 447
cp_conf ca 448
cp_conf client 449
cp_conf finger 452
cp_conf lic 453
cp_log_export 455

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 Table of Contents

cpca_client 470
cpca_client create_cert 472
cpca_client double_sign 473
cpca_client get_crldp 475
cpca_client get_pubkey 476
cpca_client init_certs 477
cpca_client lscert 478
cpca_client revoke_cert 480
cpca_client revoke_non_exist_cert 483
cpca_client search 484
cpca_client set_ca_services 486
cpca_client set_cert_validity 488
cpca_client set_mgmt_tool 489
cpca_client set_sign_hash 494
cpca_create 496
cpconfig 497
cpinfo 499
cplic 500
cplic check 503
cplic contract 505
cplic db_add 507
cplic db_print 509
cplic db_rm 511
cplic del 512
cplic del <object name> 513
cplic get 514
cplic print 515
cplic put 517
cplic put <object name> 519
cplic upgrade 522
cppkg 524
cppkg add 525
ppkg delete 526
cppkg get 528
cppkg getroot 529

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 Table of Contents

cppkg print 530

cppkg setroot 531
cpprod_util 532
cprid 535
cprinstall 536
cprinstall boot 538
cprinstall cprestart 539
cprinstall cpstart 540
cprinstall cpstop 541
cprinstall delete 542
cprinstall get 543
cprinstall install 544
cprinstall revert 546
cprinstall show 547
cprinstall snapshot 548
cprinstall transfer 549
cprinstall uninstall 550
cprinstall verify 552
cpstart 554
cpstat 555
cpstop 561
cpview 562
Overview of CPView 562
CPView User Interface 562
Using CPView 563
cpwd_admin 564
cpwd_admin config 566
cpwd_admin del 569
cpwd_admin detach 570
cpwd_admin exist 571
cpwd_admin flist 572
cpwd_admin getpid 573
cpwd_admin kill 574
cpwd_admin list 575
cpwd_admin monitor_list 577

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 Table of Contents

cpwd_admin start 578

cpwd_admin start_monitor 580
cpwd_admin stop 581
cpwd_admin stop_monitor 583
dbedit 584
fw 595
fw fetchlogs 597
fw hastat 599
fw kill 600
fw log 601
fw logswitch 609
fw lslogs 612
fw mergefiles 615
fw repairlog 618
fw sam 619
fw sam_policy 625
fw sam_policy add 627
fw sam_policy batch 639
fw sam_policy del 641
fw sam_policy get 644
fwm 648
fwm dbload 650
fwm exportcert 651
fwm fetchfile 652
fwm fingerprint 653
fwm getpcap 655
fwm ikecrypt 656
fwm load 657
fwm logexport 658
fwm mds 663
fwm printcert 664
fwm sic_reset 668
fwm snmp_trap 669
fwm unload 671
fwm ver 674

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 Table of Contents

fwm verify 675

inet_alert 676
ldapcmd 679
ldapcompare 681
ldapmemberconvert 685
ldapmodify 690
ldapsearch 692
mgmt_cli 694
migrate 695
migrate_server 699
queryDB_util 705
rs_db_tool 706
sam_alert 708
stattest 712
threshold_config 715
Glossary 720

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      21

 Introduction to Quantum Security Management

Introduction to Quantum Security

Management
Check Point offers effective Security Management solutions to help you keep up with constantly growing
needs and challenges of your organizational network. This Administration Guide focuses on the basic
Security Management Server deployment.
If you are interested in deployments for organizations with multiple sites, refer to the R81.20 Multi-Domain
Security Management Administration Guide.
These are the basic components of Check Point security architecture.

Item Description

1 SmartConsole - Check Point Graphical User Interface for connection to and management of
Security Management Servers.

2 Security Management Server - Manages Security Gateways with defined security policies and
monitors security events on the network.

3 Security Gateway - Placed at the perimeter of the network topology, to protect your
environment through enforcement of the security policies.

4 Your environment to protect.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      22

 Getting Started

Getting Started
Before you deploy a Check Point security solution, familiarize yourself with:
n Check Point SmartConsole
n Basic setup of a Check Point Security Management Server
n Basic setup of Check Point Security Gateways
n Administrative task delegation
n Security management in a non-GUI environment

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      23

 Understanding SmartConsole

Understanding SmartConsole
Check Point SmartConsole makes it easy to manage security for complex networks. Before you configure
your cyber security environment and policies, become familiar with Check Point's SmartConsole.
You can get the SmartConsole package in the Home Page SK article - sk173903.
You must install the SmartConsole package in a folder, whose full path includes only English characters.

SmartConsole Window

Item Description Item Description

1 Global Toolbar 4 Objects Bar (F11)

2 Session Management Toolbar 5 Validations pane

3 Navigation Toolbar 6 Command line interface button

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      24

 Understanding SmartConsole

SmartConsole Toolbars
Global Toolbar (top of SmartConsole)

Icon Description

The main SmartConsole Menu. When SmartConsole is connected to a Security Management Server, this includes:

n Manage policies and layers

n Open Object Explorer
n New object (opens a menu to create a new object)
n Publish session
n Discard session
n Session details
n Install policy
n Verify Access Control Policy
n Install Database
n Uninstall Threat Prevention policy
n Management High Availability
n Manage Licenses and Packages
n Endpoint (opens a menu to SmartEndpoint and Harmony Endpoint Web UI)
n Global Properties
n View (opens a menu to select a View to open)

Create new objects or open the Object Explorer

Install policy on managed Security Gateways

Session Management Toolbar (top of SmartConsole)

Icon Description

Discard changes made during the session

Enter session details to view the number of changes made in the session.

Publish the SmartConsole session, to make the changes visible to other administrators,
and ready to install on Security Gateways.
Note - When the policy is installed, published changes are installed on the Security
Gateways and enforced.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      25

 Understanding SmartConsole

Navigation Toolbar (left side of SmartConsole)

Keyboard
Icon Description
Shortcut

Ctrl+1 Gateways & Servers configuration view:

n Manage Security Gateways
n Activate Software Blades
n Add, edit, or delete Security Gateways and clusters
(including virtual clusters)
n Run scripts
n Backup and restore Security Gateways
n Open a command line interface on the Security
Gateway
n View Security Gateway status

Ctrl+2 Security Policies Access Control view:

n Manage Access Control: Content Awareness, VPN,
Application & URL Filtering, and Mobile Access
n Edit multiple policies at the same time
n Add, edit, or delete NAT rules
n Use the Access Tools
Security Policies Threat Prevention view:
n Manage Threat Prevention: IPS, Anti-Bot, Anti-Virus,
Threat Emulation
n Edit the unified threat Rule Base
n Configure threat profiles
n Add, edit, or delete exceptions and exception groups
n Use the Custom Policy Tools
Shared Policies Views:
n Manage Mobile Access, DLP, and inspection Settings

Ctrl+3 Logs & Monitor view:

n View high level graphs and plots
n Search through logs
n Schedule customized reports
n Monitor Security Gateways
n View compliance information

Ctrl+4 Infinity Services view:

n Connect from you on-premises Management Server to
the Infinity Portal
n Run services that are managed in the Infinity Portal on
your Management Server objects.
n See a unified log view of all your Check Point products,
both in cloud and on-premises.
n Use new administrator capabilities on the on-premises
Management Server

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 Understanding SmartConsole

Keyboard
Icon Description
Shortcut

Ctrl+5 Manage & Settings view - review and configure the Security
Management Server settings:
n Administrators
n Permissions profiles
n Trusted clients
n Administrator sessions, and session settings
n Blades
n Revisions
n Preferences
n Sync with User Center

Command Line Interface Button (left bottom corner of SmartConsole)

Icon Keyboard Shortcut Description

F9 Open a command line interface

for management scripting and
API

For more SmartConsole shortcuts, see "Keyboard Shortcuts for SmartConsole" on page 31.

Objects Bar (right side of SmartConsole)

Item Keyboard Shortcut Description

Objects F11 Manage security and network objects

Validations Pane (right side of SmartConsole)

Item Description

Validations View validation errors

System Information Area (bottom of SmartConsole)

Item Description

Task List Management tasks in progress. Expand to view recent tasks

Server Details The IP address of the server to which SmartConsole is connected. If

Management High Availability is configured, click to view the details.

Session Status The number of changes made in the session and the session status.

Connected Connected administrators: Yourself and others.

administrators

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      27

 Understanding SmartConsole

Search Engine
In each view you can search the Security Management Server database for information relevant to the view.
For example:
n Gateway, by name or IP address
n Access Control rule
n NAT rule
n Threat Prevention profile
n Specific threat or a threat category
n Object tags
You can search for an object in the Security Management Server database in two ways:
n Enter the prefix of the object's name. For example, to find USGlobalHost, you can enter USG in the
search box.
n Enter any sequence of characters in the object's name and add an asterisk (*) before such sequence.
For example, to find USGlobalHost, you can enter *oba, *host, *SG and so on in the search box.

IP Search
You can run an advanced search for an IP address, network, or port. It returns direct and indirect matches
for your search criteria.
n IP address: xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx
n Network: xxx.xxx.0.0/16 or xxx.xxx
n Port: svc:<xxx>
These are the different IP search modes:
n General - (Default). Returns direct matched results and indirect results in IP ranges, networks,
groups, groups with exclusion, and rules that contain these objects.
n Packet - Matches rules as if a packet with your IP address arrives at the Security Gateway.

General IP Search
This is the default search mode. Use it to search in Rule Bases and in objects. If you enter a string that is not
a valid IP or network, the search engine treats it as text.
When you enter a valid IP address or network, an advanced search is done and on these objects and rules:
n Objects that have the IP address as a text value for example, in a comment
n Objects that have an IP address property (direct results)
n Groups, networks, and address ranges that contain objects with the text value or address value
n Rules that contain those objects

Packet Search
A Packet Search matches rules as if a packet with your IP address arrives at the Security Gateway.

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 Understanding SmartConsole

It matches rules that have:

n The IP address in a column of the rule
n "Any"
n A Group-with-exclusion or negated field with the IP address in its declaration

To run a Packet Search:

1. Click the search box.
The search window opens.
2. Click Packet or enter: "mode:Packet"
3. To search a specific rule column, enter: ColumnName:Criteria

Rule Base Results

When you enter search criteria and view the matched results, the value that matched the criteria in a rule is
highlighted.

If there is... This is highlighted

A direct match on an object name or on textual columns Only the specific matched characters

A direct match on object properties The entire object name

A negated column The negated label

A match on "Any" "Any"

Known Limitation:
n Packet search does not support IPv6.

Access and Custom Policy Tools

The Access Tools section in the Security Policies Access Control view and the Custom Policy Tools
section in the Security Policies Threat Prevention view give you more management and data collection
tools.

"Access Tools" in the Security Policies "Access Control"

view
Tool Description

VPN Create, edit, or delete VPN Communities.

Communities

Updates Update the Application & URL Filtering database, schedule updates, and configure
updates.

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 Understanding SmartConsole

Tool Description

UserCheck Configure UserCheck Interaction objects for Access Control policy actions.

Client Create and distribute client certificates that allow users to authenticate to the Security
Certificates Gateway from handheld devices.

Application Wiki Browse to the Check Point AppWiki. Search and filter the Web 2.0 Applications
Database, to use Check Point security research in your policy rules for actions on
applications, apps, and widgets.

Installation See the Policy installation history for each Security Gateway, and who made the
History changes. See the revisions that were made during each installation, and who made
them. Install a specific version of the Policy.

"Custom Policy Tools" in the Security Policies "Threat

Prevention" view
Tool Description

Profiles Create, edit, or delete profiles.

IPS Edit IPS protections per profile.

Protections

Protections See statistics on different protections.

Allow List Configure Whitelist Files list.

Files

Indicators Configure indicators of malicious activity and how to handle it.

Updates Configure updates to the Malware database, Threat Emulation engine and images, and
the IPS database.

UserCheck Configure UserCheck Interaction objects for Threat Prevention policy actions.

Threat Wiki Browse to the Check Point ThreatWiki. Search and filter Check Point's Malware
Database, to use Check Point security research to block malware before it enters your
environment, and to best respond if it does get in.

Installation See the Policy installation history for each Security Gateway, and who made the
History changes. See the revisions that were made during each installation, and who made
them. Install a specific version of the Policy.

Shared Policies
The Shared Policies section in the Security Policies shows the policies that are not in a Policy package.
They are shared between all Policy packages.
Shared policies are installed with the Access Control Policy.

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 Understanding SmartConsole

Software
Description
Blade

Mobile Launch Mobile Access policy in a SmartConsole. Configure how your remote users
Access access internal resources, such as their email accounts, when they are mobile.

DLP Launch Data Loss Prevention policy in a SmartConsole. Configure advanced tools to
automatically identify data that must not go outside the network, to block the leak, and to
educate users.

HTTPS The HTTPS Policy allows the Security Gateway to inspect HTTPS traffic to prevent
Inspection security risks related to the SSL protocol. The HTTPS Policy shows if HTTPS Inspection
is enabled on one or more Security Gateways.

Inspection You can configure Inspection Settings for the Security Gateway (see "Preferences and
Settings Management Settings" on page 379):
n Deep packet inspection settings
n Protocol parsing inspection settings
n VoIP packet inspection settings

API Command Line Interface

You can also configure objects and rules through the API command line interface, which you can access
from SmartConsole.

Click to open the command line interface.

Click to open the API reference (in the command line interface).
Use the Command Line Reference to learn about Session management commands, Host
commands, Network commands, and Rule commands.

In addition to the command line interface, you can create and run API scripts to manage configuration and
operations on the Security Management Server (see "Managing Security through API" on page 40).

Keyboard Shortcuts for SmartConsole

From R80.20, there are additional keyboard shortcuts that you can use to navigate between the different
SmartConsole fields:

Keyboard shortcut Description

Ctrl+S Publish the SmartConsole session.

Ctrl+Alt+S Discard the SmartConsole session.

Shift+Alt+Enter Install policy.

F10 Show/hide task details.

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 Understanding SmartConsole

Keyboard shortcut Description

F11 Show/hide Object Explorer.

Ctrl+O Manage policies and layers

Ctrl+E Open Object Explorer

Ctrl+F3 Switch to high-contrast theme

Alt+Space System menu

F1 Open the relevant online help

Alt+F4 Close SmartConsole

Shortcuts for the specific views that support them:

Keyboard shortcut Description

Ctrl+T Open new tab

Ctrl+W or Ctrl+F4 Close current tab

Ctrl+Tab Move to the next tab

Ctrl+Shift+Tab Move to the previous tab

Delete Delete the currently selected item

Ctrl+A Select all elements

Esc Cancel operation to close window

Enter or mouse double-click Edit item

Shortcuts for views that contain a Rule Base:

Keyboard shortcut Description

Ctrl+G Go to rule (in the Access ControlRule Base)

Ctrl+X Cut rule

Ctrl+C Copy rule

Ctrl+V Paste rule below the selected rule

Delete Remove a used item from a rule cell

Ctrl+F Open Rule Base search

F3 Navigate to the next Rule Base search result

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 Understanding SmartConsole

Keyboard shortcut Description

Ctrl+arrow up Go to the first rule in the Rule Base

Ctrl+arrow down Go to the last rule in the Rule Base

Space or + Open drop-down menu for the current cell in the Rule Base

Shift+arrow up/down Move between objects in the Rule Base

Shortcuts for the Logs & Monitor view:

Keyboard shortcut Description

Ctrl+G Switch to grid view (in the Logs and Audit Logs views)

Ctrl+L Switch to table view (in the Logs and Audit Logs views)

Ctrl+R Resolve objects

F5 Refresh query

F6 Enable auto-refresh

Ctrl+D Add to favorites

Ctrl+S Organize favorites

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 Understanding SmartConsole

Web SmartConsole
Web SmartConsole provides the SmartConsole GUI functionality from a web browser. This functionality is
available starting from R81.10 and R81 Jumbo Hotfix Accumulator Take 10.

Best Practice - We recommend to use the Google Chrome web browser to connect to
the web SmartConsole.

To connect to the web SmartConsole:

1. In a web browser, connect to:
https://<IP Address of the Management Server>/SmartConsole
2. Log in with the credentials of the Management Server administrator.
For more information, see sk170314.

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 Connecting to the Security Management Server through SmartConsole

Connecting to the Security

Management Server through
SmartConsole
To log in to a Security Management Server through Check Point SmartConsole, you must have an
administrator account configured on the Security Management Server. When installing the Security
Management Server, you create one administrator in the First Time Configuration Wizard. After that, you
can create additional administrators accounts with SmartConsole, or using the Gaia Portal.

To log in to the Security Management Server through SmartConsole

1. Launch the SmartConsole application.
2. Enter your administrator authentication credentials.
These can be a username, or a certificate file, or a CAPI certificate.
n Logging in with a username:
Enter the Username and Password.
n Logging in with a certificate file:
a. From the drop-down list, select Certificate File.
b. Browse to the file.
This is the certificate file you created in the administrator object. See
c. Enter the password of the certificate file.
n Logging in with a CAPI certificate
Prerequisite - You must create a certificate file in the administrator object in SmartConsole,
save it, and import it into the Windows Certificate Store on the SmartConsole client computer.
See .
a. From the drop-down list, select CAPI Certificate.
b. From the drop-down list, select the administrator.
n Logging in with Identity Provider:
From the drop-down list, select Identity Provider
Note - No need to enter credentials. The third party Identity Provider you
are connected to already recognizes and authenticates you. For
instructions on how to configure the Identity Provider, see "Configuring
SAML Authentication Login for Administrators" on page 62.
3. Enter the name or the IP address of the Security Management Server / Domain Management Server.
4. Click Login.
The SmartConsole authenticates the Security Management Server / Domain Management Server.
The first time you connect, SmartConsole shows the fingerprint.
5. Confirm the fingerprint.

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 Connecting to the Security Management Server through SmartConsole

The fingerprint and the IP address of the Security Management Server / Domain Management Server are
saved to the user settings in Windows.

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 Planning Security Management

Planning Security Management

After installing the Security Management Server and Security Gateway, you can continue with cyber
security configuration for your environment.

Define your Organization's Topology

Network topology consists of network components, both physical and logical, such as physical and virtual
Security Gateways, hosts, hand-held devices, CA servers, third-party servers, services, resources,
networks, address ranges, and groups. Each of these components corresponds to an object in your Check
Point security management configuration. Configure those objects in SmartConsole. See "Network Object
Types" on page 185.

Define users and user groups that your security environment protects
You can add users and groups to the database manually, through LDAP and User Directory, or with the help
of Active Directory.
To add users: see User Database.
To add groups: see .
To use LDAP and User Directory, see "Configuring Administrators and Users on an External LDAP Server"
on page 130.
To use Active Directory, see "Microsoft Active Directory" on page 130.

Define Access Rules for Protection of your

Organization's Resources
Configure access rules and group them in policies that are enforced on the Security Gateways. You can
define access policies based on traffic, applications, Web sites, and data (see "Managing Policies" on
page 200). Set up preventative actions against known threats with Check Point Anti-Virus and Anti-Malware.
Educate users about the validity and security of the operations they attempt with the help of UserCheck.
Track network traffic and events through logging and monitoring.

Enforce Access Policies

Configure the Security Gateways. Make sure to activate the appropriate Software Blades. Then, install your
policies on the Security Gateways.

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 Planning Security Management

Configuring the Security Management Server

and Security Gateways
To start setting up your security environment, configure the Security Management Server and the Security
Gateways. The Security Gateways enforce the security policy that you define on the Security Management
Server.
To configure the Security Management Server in SmartConsole

1. In the Gateways & Servers view, find the Security Management Server object.
In the Search box at the top of the view, you can search for it by object name or object IP address.
When you select the Security Management Server object, the Summary tab in the lower pane
shows the Software Blades that are enabled on it.
2. Double-click the object to open its properties.
On the Management tab, enable the Software Blades, as necessary:
n Network Policy Management - Manage a comprehensive security policy, unified for all
security functionalities. This is automatically enabled.
n Endpoint Policy Management - Manage Endpoint Security Clients on end-user computers
and hand-held devices.

Important - It is not supported to disable this Software Blade after you enable it.

n Logging & Status - Monitor security events and status of Security Gateways, VPNs, users,
and more, with advanced visuals and data management features.
n Identity Logging - Add user identities, and data of their computers and devices, from Active
Directory domains, to log entries.
n User Directory - Populate your security scope with user accounts from the LDAP servers in
your environment.
n Provisioning - Manage Security Gateway configuration and policies for multiple appliances
and open servers in one central SmartConsole.
n Compliance - Optimize your security settings and comply with regulatory requirements
n SmartEvent Server - Manage security events in real-time.
n SmartEvent Correlation Unit - Correlate security events in real-time.

To configure the Security Gateways in SmartConsole

1. From the navigation toolbar, select Gateways & Servers.

2. Click New, and select Gateway.
3. In the Check Point Security Gateway Creation window that opens, select a configuration mode:

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 Planning Security Management

n Wizard Mode - Run the configuration wizard.

n Classic Mode - Configure the Security Gateway settings in the classic mode (see
"Managing Gateways" on page 142).

Setting up for Team Work

As an administrator, you can delegate tasks, such as defining objects and users, to other administrators.
Make sure to create administrator accounts (see ) with the privileges that are required to accomplish those
tasks.
If you are the only administrator, we recommend that you create a second administrator account with Read
Only permissions, which is useful for troubleshooting, consultation, or auditing.

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 Managing Security through API

Managing Security through API

This section describes the API Server on a Management Server and the applicable API Tools.

API
You can configure and control the Management Server through API Requests you send to the API Server
that runs on the Management Server.
The API Server runs scripts that automate daily tasks and integrate the Check Point solutions with third
party systems, such as virtualization servers, ticketing systems, and change management systems.
To learn more about the management APIs, to see code samples, and to take advantage of user forums,
see:
n The API Documentation:
l Online - Check Point Management API Reference
l Local - https://<Server IP Address>/api_docs
By default, access to the local API Documentation is disabled. Follow the instructions in
sk174606.
Note - On a Standalone server (a server which runs both a Security
Management Server and a Security Gateway), the API Documentation
web portal (https://<Server IP Address>/api_docs) stops
working when you open SmartView Web Application (https://<Server
IP Address>/smartview).
n The Developers Network section of Check Point CheckMates Community.

API Tools
You can use these tools to work with the API Server on the Management Server:
n Standalone management tool, included with Gaia operating system:
mgmt_cli
n Standalone management tool, included with SmartConsole:
mgmt_cli.exe

You can copy this tool from the SmartConsole installation folder to other computers that run Windows
operating system.
n Web Services APIs that allow communication and data exchange between the clients and the
Management Server over the HTTP protocol.
These APIs also let other Check Point processes communicate with the Management Server over the
HTTPS protocol.
https://<IP Address of Management Server>/web_api/<command>

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 Managing Security through API

Configuring the API Server

To configure the API Server:
1. Connect with SmartConsole to the Security Management Server or applicable Domain Management
Server.
2. From the left navigation panel, click Manage & Settings.
3. In the upper left section, click Blades.
4. In the Management API section, click Advanced Settings.
The Management API Settings window opens.
5. Configure the Startup Settings and the Access Settings.
Configuring Startup Settings

Select Automatic start to automatically start the API server when you start or reboot the
Management Server.
Notes:
n If the Management Server has more than 4GB of RAM installed, the
Automatic start option is activated by default during Management
Server installation.
n If the Management Server has less than 4GB of RAM, the Automatic
Start option is deactivated.

Configuring Access Settings

Select one of these options to configure which clients can connect to the API Server:
n Management server only - Only the Management Server itself can connect to the API
Server. This option only lets you use the mgmt_cli utility on the Management Server to
send API requests. You cannot use SmartConsole or Web services to send API requests.
n All IP addresses that can be used for GUI clients - You can send API requests from all IP
addresses that are defined as Trusted Clients in SmartConsole. This includes requests
from SmartConsole, Web services, and the mgmt_cli utility on the Management Server.
n All IP addresses - You can send API requests from all IP addresses. This includes requests
from SmartConsole, Web services, and the mgmt_cli utility on the Management Server.

6. Publish the SmartConsole session.

7. Restart the API Server on the Management Server with this command:

api restart

Note - On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of
the applicable Domain Management Server.

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 Managing Security through API

Configuring API Key Authentication for

Administrators
An API key is a token that a client provides when making API calls.
API key authentication provides an administrator the ability to use a token for authenticating to the API
interface instead of the usual administrator name / password.
You can use SmartConsole to configure an API key for administrators to use the management API.

Note - This administrator can only use the API for executing API commands and cannot
use it for SmartConsole authentication.

To configure API authentication for an Administrator using SmartConsole

1. In SmartConsole click Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Administrators

Click the New icon at the top menu.

The New Administrator window opens.
2. Give the administrator a name
3. In the Authentication Method field select API Key.
4. Click Generate API key.

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 Managing Security through API

5. A new API key window opens.

a. Click Copy key to Clipboard
b. Save the key for a later use (provide it to the relevant administrator).
6. Click OK
7. Publish the SmartConsole session.

Example

This example demonstrates how to use the API-key for login and creating a simple-gateway using the
API.
1. Log in to the Expert mode.
2. Use the previously generated key for the login, and save the standard output to a file (redirect it to
a file using the ">" sign):
Syntax:

mgmt_cli login api-key <api-key> > /<path_to>/<filename>

Example:

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 Managing Security through API

mgmt_cli login api-key mvYSiHVmlJM+J0tu2FqGag12 > /var/tmp/token.txt

3. Run a mgmt_cli command with the "-s" flag.

Syntax:

mgmt_cli -s /<path_to>/<filename> add simple-gateway name <gateway

name> ip-address <ip address> one-time-password <password> blade
<true>

Example:

mgmt_cli -s /var/tmp/token.txt add simple-gateway name "gw1" ip-

address 192.168.3.181 one-time-password "aaaa" firewall true vpn
true

For more details, see the Check Point Management API Reference.

After you configure API authentication, you can, in addition, configure authentication with a certificate file.
The administrator can then authenticate to the Security Management Server with either an API Key or a
certificate file.
You create the certificate file in SmartConsole. The administrator can use the certificate to log in to
SmartConsole in two ways:
n Log in to SmartConsole with the Certificate File option. The administrator must provide the password
to use the certificate file.
n You can import the certificate file to the Windows Certificate Store on the Microsoft Windows
SmartConsole computer. The administrator can use this stored certificate to log in to SmartConsole
with the CAPI Certificate option. The administrator does not need to provide a password to log in.
The administrator can also give the certificate to other administrators to log in to SmartConsole with no
administrator account of their own.

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 Managing Administrator and User Accounts

Managing Administrator and User

Accounts
A Check Point administrator is an IT professional who manages and maintains a Check Point security
environment with SmartConsole, CLI, or the API. Check Point administrators configure and manage Check
Point's security products to protect their organization's networks from cyber attacks, malware, and other
security threats. A Check Point administrator typically installs, configures, and maintains the Check Point
software, manages network traffic and security policies, monitors system performance, and troubleshoots
security issues. Administrators also make sure that the Check Point environment is up to date with the latest
Hotfixes and updates to maintain optimal security.
A user account is an object that represents a user that generates traffic in a Check Point environment. The
system administrators create, manage and monitor user objects. Administrators can configure Access
Control rules for specific users - rules for Remote Access VPN, Identity Awareness, and other features.
Limitation of access to sensitive information and resources only to authorized users secures the
organization's network and data.
The Security Management Server authenticates administrators. Security Gateways authenticate individual
users.
This chapter explains how to configure, manage and authenticate administrators and users.

Managing Administrator Accounts

A Check Point administrator is an IT professional who manages and maintains a Check Point security
environment with SmartConsole, CLI, or the API. Check Point administrators configure and manage Check
Point's security products to protect their organizations' networks from cyber attacks, malware, and other
security threats. A Check Point administrator typically installs, configures, and maintains the Check Point
software, manages network traffic and security policies, monitors system performance, and troubleshoots
security issues. Administrators also ensure that the Check Point security environment is up to date with the
latest Hotfixes and updates to maintain optimal security.
You can store administrator accounts in the Check Point management database or on an external LDAP
server. The Security Management Server authenticates administrators. Check Point supports different
authentication methods for administrators.

Creating an Administrator Account

To successfully manage security for a large network, we recommend that you first set up your administrative
team, and delegate tasks.
We recommend that you create administrator accounts in SmartConsole, with the procedure below or with
the First Time Configuration Wizard.
When you create an administrator account through SmartConsole, you can select one of these
authentication methods:

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 Managing Administrator and User Accounts

Authentication
Description
Method

Check Point Check Point password is a static password that is configured in SmartConsole. The
Password local database on the Security Management Server stores the password. No
additional software is required.
See"Configuring Check Point Password Authentication for Administrators" on
page 50.

OS Password OS password is kept on the operating system of the computer on which the Security
Management Server is installed. You can also use passwords that are stored in
Windows domain. No additional software is required.
See "Configuring OS Password Authentication for Administrators" on page 52

RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is an external authentication

method that provides security and scalability by separating the authentication
function from the access server. With RADIUS, the Security Management Server
forwards the authentication requests to the RADIUS server. The RADIUS server,
which stores administrator account information, does the authentication. The
RADIUS protocol uses UDP to communicate with the Security Gateway or the
Security Management Server.
See "Configuring RADIUS Server Authentication for Administrators" on page 54

TACACS Terminal Access Controller Access Control System (TACACS) provides access
control for routers, network access servers and other networked devices through
one or more centralized servers.
TACACS is an external authentication method that provides verification services.
With TACACS, the Security Management Server forwards authentication requests
by remote administrators to the TACACS server. The TACACS server, which stores
administrator account information, authenticates administrators. The system
supports physical card key devices or token cards and Kerberos secret key
authentication. TACACS encrypts the administrator name, password,
authentication services and accounting information of all authentication requests to
secure communication.
See"Configuring TACACS Server Authentication for Administrators" on page 57

SecurID SecurID requires administrators to possess a token authenticator and to supply a

PIN or password. Token authenticators generate one-time passwords that are
synchronized to an RSA Authentication Manager (AM) and may come in the form of
hardware or software. Hardware tokens are key-ring or credit card-sized devices.
Software tokens reside on the PC or device from which the administrator wants to
authenticate. All tokens generate a random, one-time use access code that
changes approximately every minute. When an administrator attempts to
authenticate to a protected resource, the AM must validate the one-time use code.
The Security Management Server forwards SecurID authentication requests by
remote administrators to the AM. The AM manages the database of the RSA users
and their assigned hard or soft tokens. The Security Management Server act as an
AM Agent and directs all access requests to the RSA AM for authentication. For
additional information on agent configuration, refer to the RSA Authentication
Manager documentation.
There are no specific parameters required for the SecurID authentication method.
Authentication requests can be sent over SDK-supported API or through REST API.
See "Configuring SecurID Authentication for Administrators" on page 59.

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 Managing Administrator and User Accounts

Authentication
Description
Method

API Key You can use SmartConsole to configure an API key for administrators to use the
management API. You can only use the API to execute API commands and not for
SmartConsole authentication. For more information, see "Configuring API Key
Authentication for Administrators" on page 68

SAML An administrators can log in to SmartConsole through a central 3rd party Identity
Provider with the SAML protocol. The Identity Provider holds the information about
the administrators, including the ability to authenticate the administrators. Check
Point supports these Identity Providers: Okta, Ping Identity, Azure. For more
information, see "Configuring SAML Authentication Login for Administrators" on
page 62.

After you configure authentication with one of the Check Point authentication methods, you can, in addition,
configure certificate file authentication. The administrator can then authenticate to SmartConsole with one of
the Check Point authentication methods or with a certificate file.
You create the certificate file in SmartConsole. The administrator can use the certificate to log in to
SmartConsole in two ways:
n Log in to SmartConsole with the Certificate File option. The administrator must provide the password
to use the certificate file.
n You can import the certificate file to the Windows Certificate Store on the Microsoft Windows
SmartConsole computer. The administrator can use this stored certificate to log in to SmartConsole
with the CAPI Certificate option. The administrator does not need to provide a password to log in.
The administrator can also give the certificate to other administrators to log in to SmartConsole with no
administrator account of their own.

To create an Administrator Account with the "Check Point Configuration Tool" tool (cpconfig)
We do not recommend to create an administrator with cpconfig, the Check Point Configuration Tool.
Use it only if there is no access to SmartConsole or the Gaia Portal.
If you use cpconfig to create an administrator:
n You must restart Check Point Services to activate the administrator with these commands:

cpstop ; cpstart

n It does not show the other administrators.

n Check Point Password is automatically configured as the authentication method.

Editing an Administrator Account

1. Click Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators.
2. Double-click an administrator account.
The Administrators properties window opens.

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 Managing Administrator and User Accounts

Deleting an Administrator Account

To make sure your environment is secure, the best practice is to delete administrator accounts when
personnel leave or transfer.

To delete an administrator account

1. Click Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators.
The Administrators pane shows by default.
2. Select an administrator account and click Delete.
3. Click Yes in the confirmation window that opens.

Default Expiration for Administrators

If you want to use the same expiration settings for multiple accounts, you can set the default expiration for
administrator accounts. You can also select to show notifications about the approaching expiration date
when an administrator logs into SmartConsole or one of the SmartConsole clients. The remaining number of
days, during which the account is alive, shows in the status bar.
To configure the default expiration settings

1. Click Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Advanced.
2. Click Advanced.
3. In the Default Expiration Date section, select a setting:
n Never expires
n Expire at - Select the expiration date from the calendar control
n Expire after - Enter the number of days, months, or years (from the day the account is
made) before administrator accounts expire
4. In the Expiration notifications section, select Show 'about to expire' indication in administrators
view and select the number of days in advance to show the message about the approaching
expiration date.
5. Publish the SmartConsole session.

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 Managing Administrator and User Accounts

Configuring SmartConsole Session Timeout

Use the SmartConsole in a secure manner, and enforce secure usage for all administrators. Configuring a
SmartConsole timeout is a basic requirement for secure usage. When an administrator does not use the
SmartConsole, it logs out.
To set the SmartConsole session timeout

1. Click Manage & Settings.

2. Select Permissions & Administrators > Advanced.
3. In the Idle Timeout area, select Perform logout after being idle.
4. Enter a number of minutes.
When a SmartConsole is idle after this number of minutes, the SmartConsole automatically logs
out the connected administrator, but all changes are preserved.

Revoking an Administrator Certificate

If an administrator that authenticates through a certificate cannot temporarily fulfill administrator duties, you
can revoke the certificate for the account. The administrator account remains, but no one can authenticate
to the Security Management Server with the certificate. However, if the account has an additional
authentication method (a password, for example), the administrator can use this method to authenticate to
the account.

To revoke an administrator certificate

1. Click Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators.
2. Select an administrator account and click Edit.
3. In General > Authentication, click Revoke.

Restricting Administrator Login Attempts

You can configure these login restrictions for administrators who log in to the Security Management Server
with a Check Point password:
n The number of login attempts before SmartConsole automatically locks an administrator account.
n The number of minutes before SmartConsole unlocks the administrator's account after it was locked.

To configure login restrictions

1. Go to the Manage & Settings view or to the Multi-Domain view.
2. Go to Permissions & Administrators > Advanced > Login Restrictions.

Note - These restrictions apply only to administrators who authenticate to the Security
Management Server with a Check Point password.

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 Managing Administrator and User Accounts

Unlocking Administrator Accounts

An administrator with the Manage Administrators permission can unlock another administrator if the locked
administrator authenticates to the Security Management Server with a Check Point password.

To unlock an administrator:
1. Go to the Manage & Settings view or to the Multi-Domain view.
2. Right-click the locked administrator and select Unlock Administrator.
Or:
Use the "unlock-administrator" API command.

Note - The Unlock Administrator feature does not apply to administrators who use
other authentication methods.

Configuring Check Point Password Authentication for

Administrators
Check Point password is a static password that is configured in SmartConsole. The local database on the
Security Management Server stores the password. No additional software is required.
After you configure authentication with a Check Point password, you can, in addition, configure certificate
file authentication . The administrator can then authenticate to SmartConsole with the Check Point
password or the certificate file.
You create the certificate file in SmartConsole. The administrator can use the certificate to log in to
SmartConsole in two ways:
n Log in to SmartConsole with the Certificate File option. The administrator must provide the password
to use the certificate file.
n You can import the certificate file to the Windows Certificate Store on the Microsoft Windows
SmartConsole computer. The administrator can use this stored certificate to log in to SmartConsole
with the CAPI Certificate option. The administrator does not need to provide a password to log in.
The administrator can also give the certificate to other administrators to log in to SmartConsole with no
administrator account of their own.

To configure Check Point password authentication for an administrator

1. Create a new administrator and define Check Point password as the authentication
method

a. Go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Administrators > Click New.
The New Administrator window opens.
b. Give the administrator a name.
c. In Authentication method, select Check Point Password.
d. Click Set New Password, type the Password, and Confirm it.

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e. Optional: In the Authentication section > Certificate Information, click Create:

i. Enter a password.
ii. Click OK.
iii. Save the certificate file to a secure location on the SmartConsole computer:
Notes:
n Make sure that the login name is included in the File name
field.
n Make sure that Certificate Files (*p12) is selected in the
Save as type drop-down list. The certificate file is in the
PKCS #12 format, and has a .p12 extension.
n A password is required to protect the sensitive data in the
certificate file. The certificate file contains the private key.
After the certificate is issued, save it to a file and give the
administrator this file and password. The administrator can
then authenticate with the certificate when they log in with
SmartConsole to the Security Management Server.
f. Assign a Permission Profile.
See "Assigning Permission Profiles to Administrators" on page 70.
g. In the Expiration section, select the expiration date and make sure that it is set to a valid
future date.
h. Click OK.
i. Publish the SmartConsole session.

2. Optional: Import the certificate file into the Windows Certificate Store

Note - This procedure applies if you create a certificate authentication in the

administrator object, and you log in to SmartConsole with the CAPI Certificate
option.

a. Right-click the *.p12 file you saved when you created the required administrator, and click
Install PFX.
The Certificate Import Wizard opens.
b. In the Store Location section, select the applicable option:
n Current User (this is the default)
n Local Machine
c. Click Next.
d. Enter the same certificate password you used when you created the required administrator
certificate.
e. Clear Enable strong private key protection.
f. Select Mark this key as exportable.
g. Click Next.
h. Select Place all certificates in the following store, click Browse > Personal > OK.

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i. Click Next.
j. Click Finish.

Configuring OS Password Authentication for Administrators

OS password is kept on the operating system of the computer on which the Security Management Server is
installed. You can also use passwords that are stored in Windows domain. No additional software is
required.
After you configure authentication with an OS password, you can, in addition, configure authentication with
a certificate file. The administrator can then authenticate to SmartConsole with either the OS password or
the certificate file.
You create the certificate file in SmartConsole. The administrator can use the certificate to log in to
SmartConsole in two ways:
n Log in to SmartConsole with the Certificate File option. The administrator must provide the password
to use the certificate file.
n You can import the certificate file to the Windows Certificate Store on the Microsoft Windows
SmartConsole computer. The administrator can use this stored certificate to log in to SmartConsole
with the CAPI Certificate option. The administrator does not need to provide a password to log in.
The administrator can also give the certificate to other administrators to log in to SmartConsole with no
administrator account of their own.

To configure Check Point password authentication for an administrator

1. Create a new administrator and define OS password as the authentication method

a. Go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Administrators > Click New.
The New Administrator window opens.
b. Give the administrator a name.
c. In Authentication method, select OS Password.

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d. Optional: In the Authentication section > Certificate Information, click Create:

i. Enter a password.
ii. Click OK.
iii. Save the certificate file to a secure location on the SmartConsole computer:
Notes:
n Make sure that the login name is included in the File name
field.
n Make sure that Certificate Files (*p12) is selected in the
Save as type drop-down list. The certificate file is in the
PKCS #12 format, and has a .p12 extension.
n A password is required to protect the sensitive data
contained in the certificate file. The certificate file contains
the private key. After the certificate is issued, save it to a
file and give the administrator this file and password. The
administrator can then authenticate with the certificate
when they log in with SmartConsole to the Security
Management Server.
e. Assign a Permission Profile.
See "Assigning Permission Profiles to Administrators" on page 70.
f. In the Expiration section, select the expiration date and make sure that it is set to a valid
future date.
g. Click OK.
h. Publish the SmartConsole session.

2. Optional: Import the certificate file into the Windows Certificate Store

Note - This procedure applies if you create a certificate authentication in the

administrator object, and you log in to SmartConsole with the CAPI Certificate
option.

a. Right-click the *.p12 file you saved when you created the required administrator, and click
Install PFX.
The Certificate Import Wizard opens.
b. In the Store Location section, select the applicable option:
n Current User (this is the default)
n Local Machine
c. Click Next.
d. Enter the same certificate password you used when you created the required administrator
certificate.
e. Clear Enable strong private key protection.
f. Select Mark this key as exportable.
g. Click Next.

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h. Select Place all certificates in the following store, click Browse > Personal > OK.
i. Click Next.
j. Click Finish.

Configuring RADIUS Server Authentication for

Administrators
Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is an external authentication method that provides
security and scalability by separating the authentication function from the access server. With RADIUS, the
Security Management Server forwards the authentication requests to the RADIUS server. The RADIUS
server, which stores administrator account information, does the authentication. The RADIUS protocol uses
UDP to communicate with the Security Gateway or the Security Management Server..
You can perform RADIUS authentication for SmartConsole administrators through a RADIUS server or a
RADIUS server group. You define RADIUS servers and RADIUS server group objects in SmartConsole. A
RADIUS server group is a high availability group of identical RADIUS servers which includes any or all the
RADIUS servers in the system. When you create the group, you define a priority for each server in the
group. If the server with the highest priority fails, the one with the next highest priority in the group takes
over, and so on. When you define a group of RADIUS servers, all members of the group must use the same
protocol.
To learn how to configure a RADIUS server, refer to the vendor documentation.
After you configure RADIUS server authentication, you can, in addition, configure authentication with a
certificate file. The administrator can then authenticate to SmartConsole with the RADIUS server or the
certificate file.
You create the certificate file in SmartConsole. The administrator can use the certificate to log in to
SmartConsole in two ways:
n Log in to SmartConsole with the Certificate File option. The administrator must provide the password
to use the certificate file.
n You can import the certificate file to the Windows Certificate Store on the Microsoft Windows
SmartConsole computer. The administrator can use this stored certificate to log in to SmartConsole
with the CAPI Certificate option. The administrator does not need to provide a password to log in.
The administrator can also give the certificate to other administrators to log in to SmartConsole with no
administrator account of their own.

To configure RADIUS server authentication for an administrator

1. In SmartConsole, configure a new RADIUS server object

a. Go to the Object Explorer and select New > More > Server > RADIUS.
b. Give the server a Name. It can be any name.
c. In the Host field, click the drop-down arrow, click New and create a New Host with the IP
address of the RADIUS server.
d. Click OK.
This host now appears in the Host field of the New RADIUS window.

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e. In the Shared Secret field, type the secret key that you defined previously on the RADIUS
server.
f. Click OK.
g. Publish the SmartConsole session.

2. Create a new administrator and define RADIUS as the authentication method

a. Go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Administrators > Click New.
The New Administrator window opens.
b. Give the administrator the name that is defined on the RADIUS server.
c. In Authentication method, select RADIUS.
d. Select the RADIUS Server defined earlier.
e. Optional: In the Authentication section > Certificate Information, click Create:
i. Enter a password.
ii. Click OK.
iii. Save the certificate file to a secure location on the SmartConsole computer:
Notes:
n Make sure that the login name is included in the File name
field.
n Make sure that Certificate Files (*p12) is selected in the
Save as type drop-down list. The certificate file is in the
PKCS #12 format, and has a .p12 extension.
n A password is required to protect the sensitive data in the
certificate file. The certificate file contains the private key.
After the certificate is issued, save it to a file and give the
administrator this file and password. The administrator can
then authenticate with the certificate when they log in with
SmartConsole to the Security Management Server.
f. Assign a Permission Profile.
See "Assigning Permission Profiles to Administrators" on page 70.
g. In the Expiration section, select the expiration date and make sure that it is set to a valid
future date.
h. Click OK.
i. Publish the SmartConsole session.

3. Optional: Configure a RADIUS server group for SmartConsole administrator authentication

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a. In SmartConsole, configure all the servers that you want to include in the server group, as
explained in "To configure RADIUS server authentication for an administrator" on page 54.
For each server, enter its priority in the group. The lower the number is, the higher the
priority.
For example, if you create a group with 3 servers, with priorities 1,2 and 3, the server with
number 1 is approached first, the server with number 2 second, and the server with number
3, third.
b. Create the server group: In SmartConsole, go to Object Explorer and click New > Server >
More > RADIUS Group.
c. Configure the group properties and add servers to the group:
i. Give the group a Name. It can be any name.
ii. Click the plus (+) for each server you want to add, and select each server from the
drop-down list.
iii. Click OK.
iv. Publish the SmartConsole session.

4. Optional: Import the certificate file into the Windows Certificate Store

Note - This procedure applies if you create a certificate authentication in the

administrator object, and you log in to SmartConsole with the CAPI Certificate
option.

a. Right-click the *.p12 file you saved when you created the required administrator, and click
Install PFX.
The Certificate Import Wizard opens.
b. In the Store Location section, select the applicable option:
n Current User (this is the default)
n Local Machine
c. Click Next.
d. Enter the same certificate password you used when you created the required administrator
certificate.
e. Clear Enable strong private key protection.
f. Select Mark this key as exportable.
g. Click Next.
h. Select Place all certificates in the following store, click Browse > Personal > OK.
i. Click Next.
j. Click Finish.

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Configuring TACACS Server Authentication for

Administrators
Terminal Access Controller Access Control System (TACACS) provides access control for routers, network
access servers and other networked devices through one or more centralized servers.
TACACS is an external authentication method that provides verification services. With TACACS, the
Security Management Server forwards authentication requests by remote administrators to the TACACS
server. The TACACS server, which stores administrator account information, authenticates administrators.
The system supports physical card key devices or token cards and Kerberos secret key authentication.
TACACS encrypts the administrator name, password, authentication services and accounting information of
all authentication requests to secure communication.
You can perform TACACS authentication for SmartConsole administrators through a TACACS server or a
TACACS server group. A TACACS server group is a High Availability group of identical TACACS servers in
the system. When you create the group, you define a priority for each server. If the server with the highest
priority fails, the one with the next highest priority in the group takes over, and so on. All TACACS servers in
the group must use the same protocol.
To learn how to configure a TACACS server, refer to the vendor documentation.
After you configure TACACS server authentication, you can, in addition, configure authentication with a
certificate file. The administrator can then authenticate to SmartConsole with the TACACS server or the
certificate file.
You create the certificate file in SmartConsole. The administrator can use the certificate to log in to
SmartConsole in two ways:
n Log in to SmartConsole with the Certificate File option. The administrator must provide the password
to use the certificate file.
n You can import the certificate file to the Windows Certificate Store on the Microsoft Windows
SmartConsole computer. The administrator can use this stored certificate to log in to SmartConsole
with the CAPI Certificate option. The administrator does not need to provide a password to log in.
The administrator can also give the certificate to other administrators to log in to SmartConsole with no
administrator account of their own.

To configure TACACS server authentication for an administrator

1. In SmartConsole, add a new TACACS server object

a. Go to Object Explorer and click New > More > Server > TACACS.
b. Enter the server Name.
c. In the Host field, click the drop-down arrow, click New, and create a New Host with the IP
address of the TACACS server.
d. Click OK.
This host now appears in the Host field of the New TACACS window.
e. Select a Server type.
f. If your server type is TACACS+, type the Secret key that you defined previously on the
TACACS+ server.
g. Click OK.

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h. Publish the SmartConsole session.

2. Add a new administrator and define as the authentication method

a. Go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Administrators > click New.
The New Administrator window opens.
b. Enter the administrator name that is defined on the TACACS server.
c. In Authentication Method, select TACACS.
d. Select the TACACS Server defined earlier from the drop-down list.
e. Optional: In the Authentication section > Certificate Information, click Create:
i. Enter a password.
ii. Click OK.
iii. Save the certificate file to a secure location on the SmartConsole computer:
Notes:
n Make sure that the login name is included in the File name
field.
n Make sure that Certificate Files (*p12) is selected in the
Save as type drop-down list. The certificate file is in the
PKCS #12 format, and has a .p12 extension.
n A password is required to protect the sensitive data in the
certificate file. The certificate file contains the private key.
After the certificate is issued, save it to a file and give the
administrator this file and password. The administrator can
then authenticate with the certificate when they log in with
SmartConsole to the Security Management Server.
f. Assign a Permission Profile.
See "Assigning Permission Profiles to Administrators" on page 70.
g. In the Expiration section, select the expiration date and make sure that it is set to a valid
future date.
h. Click OK.
i. Publish the SmartConsole session.

3. Optional: Configure a TACACS Server group for SmartConsole administrator

authentication

a. In SmartConsole, configure all the servers that you want to include in the server group, as
explained in "To configure TACACS server authentication for an administrator" on the
previous page.
For each server, enter its priority in the group. The lower the number is, the higher the
priority.
For example, if you create a group with 3 servers, with priorities 1,2 and 3, the server with
number 1 is approached first, the server with number 2 second, and the server with number
3, third.

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b. Create the server group: In SmartConsole, go to Object Explorer and click New > Server >
More > TACACS Group.
c. Configure the group properties and add servers to the group:
i. Enter the group Name.
ii. Click the + icon for each server you want to add, and select the server from the drop-
down list.
iii. Click OK.
iv. Publish the SmartConsole session.

4. Optional: Import the certificate file into the Windows Certificate Store

Note - This procedure applies if you create a certificate authentication in the

administrator object, and you log in to SmartConsole with the CAPI Certificate
option.

a. Right-click the *.p12 file you saved when you created the required administrator, and click
Install PFX.
The Certificate Import Wizard opens.
b. In the Store Location section, select the applicable option:
n Current User (this is the default)
n Local Machine
c. Click Next.
d. Enter the same certificate password you used when you created the required administrator
certificate.
e. Clear Enable strong private key protection.
f. Select Mark this key as exportable.
g. Click Next.
h. Select Place all certificates in the following store, click Browse > Personal > OK.
i. Click Next.
j. Click Finish.

Configuring SecurID Authentication for Administrators

SecurID requires administrators to possess a token authenticator and to supply a PIN or password. Token
authenticators generate one-time passwords that are synchronized to an RSA Authentication Manager (AM)
and may come in the form of hardware or software. Hardware tokens are key-ring or credit card-sized
devices. Software tokens reside on the PC or device from which the administrator wants to authenticate. All
tokens generate a random, one-time use access code that changes approximately every minute. When an
administrator attempts to authenticate to a protected resource, the AM must validate the one-time use code.
The Security Management Server forwards SecurID authentication requests by remote administrators to the
AM. The AM manages the database of the RSA users and their assigned hard or soft tokens. The Security
Management Server act as an AM Agent and directs all access requests to the RSA AM for authentication.
For additional information on agent configuration, refer to the RSA Authentication Manager documentation.

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There are no specific parameters required for the SecurID authentication method. Authentication requests
can be sent over SDK-supported API or through REST API.
To learn how to configure a SecurID server, refer to the vendor documentation.
After you configure SecurID authentication, you can, in addition, configure authentication with a certificate
file. The administrator can then authenticate to SmartConsole with SecurID authentication or the certificate
file.
You create the certificate file in SmartConsole. The administrator can use the certificate to log in to
SmartConsole in two ways:
n Log in to SmartConsole with the Certificate File option. The administrator must provide the password
to use the certificate file.
n You can import the certificate file to the Windows Certificate Store on the Microsoft Windows
SmartConsole computer. The administrator can use this stored certificate to log in to SmartConsole
with the CAPI Certificate option. The administrator does not need to provide a password to log in.
The administrator can also give the certificate to other administrators to log in to SmartConsole with no
administrator account of their own.

To configure SecurID authentication for an administrator

1. Configure the Security Management Server to use SecurID (this procedure is only relevant
if you use an SDK-supported API)

a. Connect to the command line on the Security Management Server.

b. Log in to the Expert mode.
c. Copy the sdconf.rec file to the /var/ace/ directory.
If the /var/ace/ directory does not exist, create it with this command:
mkdir -v /var/ace/
d. Assign all permissions to the sdconf.rec file:
chmod -v 777 /var/ace/sdconf.rec

2. Configure the SecurID Server object

a. Add a new SecurID server object:

Go to the Object Explorer and select New > More > Server > New SecurID.
b. Give the server a Name. It can be any name.
c. This step applies only to SDK-supported API:
Click Browse and select the sdconf.rec file.
This must be a copy of the file that is on the Security Management Server
d. Click OK.

3. Add a new administrator and define SecurID as the authentication method

a. Go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Administrators > click New.
The New Administrator window opens.

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b. Give the administrator a name. A unique, case sensitive character string.

c. In Authentication method, select SecurID.
d. Select the SecurID Server defined earlier.
e. Optional: In the Authentication section > Certificate Information, click Create:
i. Enter a password. A password is required to protect the sensitive data contained in
the certificate file.
ii. Click OK.
iii. Save the certificate file to a secure location on the SmartConsole computer:
Notes:
n Make sure that the login name is included in the File name
field.
n Make sure that Certificate Files (*p12) is selected in the
Save as type drop-down list. The certificate file is in the
PKCS #12 format, and has a .p12 extension.
n A password is required to protect the sensitive data in the
certificate file. The certificate file contains the private key.
After the certificate is issued, save it to a file and give the
administrator this file and password. The administrator can
then authenticate with the certificate when they log in with
SmartConsole to the Security Management Server.
f. Assign a Permission Profile.
See "Assigning Permission Profiles to Administrators" on page 70.
g. In the Expiration section, select the expiration date and make sure that it is set to a valid
future date.
h. Click OK.
i. Publish the SmartConsole session.

4. Optional: Import the certificate file into the Windows Certificate Store

Note - This procedure applies if you create a certificate authentication in the

administrator object, and you log in to SmartConsole with the CAPI Certificate
option.

a. Right-click the *.p12 file you saved when you created the required administrator, and click
Install PFX.
The Certificate Import Wizard opens.
b. In the Store Location section, select the applicable option:
n Current User (this is the default)
n Local Machine
c. Click Next.
d. Enter the same certificate password you used when you created the required administrator
certificate.

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e. Clear Enable strong private key protection.

f. Select Mark this key as exportable.
g. Click Next.
h. Select Place all certificates in the following store, click Browse > Personal > OK.
i. Click Next.
j. Click Finish.

Configuring SAML Authentication Login for Administrators

With SAML authentication, administrators log in to SmartConsole through a central 3rd party Identity
Provider with the SAML protocol. The Identity Provider holds the information about the administrators,
including the ability to authenticate the administrators. Check Point supports these Identity Providers: Okta,
Ping Identity, Azure.

Use Case
Administrators with accounts in Azure want to work with SmartConsole. If each administrator uses two
different administrator names and passwords, one for Azure and one for SmartConsole, this causes a
number of issues:
n The administrators must handle different password and expiration policies (in addition to other
corporate passwords).
n The administrators must remember two different passwords, one for Azure and one for SmartConsole
(in addition to other corporate passwords).
n It requires additional maintenance of the administrators. For example, when an administrator leaves,
you must remove them from all applications they are registered to. If you use an Identity Provider, you
simply need to remove the administrator from the Identity Provider database.
Therefore, the organization prefers that each administrator uses one password for both Azure and
SmartConsole. With the Identity Provider, the administrator can authenticate once to Azure, and when the
administrator connects to SmartConsole, SmartConsole already recognizes them and they do not have to
enter another password. This way, the administrator also does not reveal their password to the Security
Management Server.

SAML Authentication Process Flow:

1. The administrator tries to log in to SmartConsole.
2. SmartConsole redirects the administrator back to the browser to a URL which is pre-configured on the
Security Management Server.
3. The Security Management Server redirects the browser with a SAML request to the Identity Provider.
4. The Identity Provider authenticates the administrator.
5. The Identity Provider generates a SAML assertion and sends it back to the Security Management
Server through the browser.
6. The Security Management Server validates the SAML assertion.
7. If the administrator is authenticated, the Security Management Server redirects the browser to
SmartConsole with the necessary data required for authentication.
8. SmartConsole opens a session to the Security Management Server with this authentication data.

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SAML Authentication Login

1. In your Identity Provider, create the SmartConsole application and configure its settings.

See your Identity Provider administration guide for instructions.

Notes:
n Make sure the client can connect to the Identity Provider website and
that there is no policy rule that blocks it.
n The SmartConsole application integration in your Identity Provider must
have attribute mappings for "username", and it must have the "sign
assertion and response" option selected.
n The Identity Provider can return response to more than one URL. In a
Management High Availability environment, enter the required number
of Reply URLs.
When the Identity Provider sends the response, the response must
contain the IP address that the response is returned to.
If the required destination is not included in the response, the response
is eliminated.

2. In SmartConsole, create an Identity Provider object and configure it:

a. In the Object Explorer, click New > More > User/Identity > Identity Provider.
The New Identity Provider window opens.

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b. Configure these properties for the Identity Provider object:

n Name (for example: Azure).
n Use Identity Provider for - Select Managing administrator access. This handles the
authentication to SmartConsole through an Identity Provider.
Note - To use the SAML authentication for Security Gateway and logs, see the
R81.20 Identity Awareness Administration Guide.
n Data Required by the SAML Identity Provider - SmartConsole creates the Identifier
(Entity ID) and the Reply URLs according to the environment.
Take the Identifier (Entity ID) and Reply URL that SmartConsole showed you and
enter them in the relevant places in the properties of the SmartConsole application
you created in your Identity Provider.
To use a Domain name instead of a URL

In a Management High Availability environment, you must do these steps on each

Management Server.
i. Connect to the command line on the Management Server.
ii. Log in to the Expert mode.
iii. Edit the $CPDIR/tmp/.CPprofile.sh file:

vi $CPDIR/tmp/.CPprofile.sh

iv. Add this line at the bottom of the file:

SAML_IP_OR_NAME=<Your Domain Name>;export SAML_IP_

OR_NAME

Example:

SAML_IP_OR_NAME=example.com;export SAML_IP_OR_NAME

v. Save the changes in the file and exit the editor.

vi. Restart Check Point services (this action disconnects SmartConsole
clients):
l On a Security Management Server, run: cpstop ; cpstart
l On a Multi-Domain Server, run: mdsstop ; mdsstart
vii. Connect with SmartConsole to the Management Server.
viii. Open the Identity Provider Website.
ix. In the Reply URLs, replace the IP address with the Domain Name.

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n Data received from the SAML Identity Provider:

l Import metadata file - The Identity Provider creates this file. The metadata file
has all the information required to establish trust between the Identity Provider
and the Management Server.
l If the Identity Provider has no metadata file, enter this information of the
Identity Provider manually:
o Identifier (Entity ID) - Unique identifier of the Identity Provider.
o Login (URL) - This is the endpoint on the Identity Provider side where
SAML requests are posted.
o Certificate file - The Management Server takes the certificate file from
the Identity Provider to validate the Identity Provider's signature. The
certificate is stored on the Management Server and used whenever
responses are posted.
c. Click OK.
d. Publish the SmartConsole session.

3. In SmartConsole, go to the Manage & Settings view > Permissions & Administrators > Advanced >
Identity Provider > Identity Provider for Managing Administrator Access > Select the Identity
Provider object that you created.

Notes:
n On a Security Management Server, you can use only one Identity Provider
n On a Multi-Domain Security Management Server:
l You can use only one Identity Provider for a Domain.

l If you configure an Identity Provider for the Multi-Domain Server and

do not configure an Identity Provider for a Domain, the Domain

Management Server takes the Identity Provider configured for the
Multi-Domain Server.
l Only super user can assign an Identity Provider to a Domain.

l To access the Domain with the Domain's Identity Provider, open

SmartConsole and connect to the Domain's IP address.

l Domain's Identity Provider can only authenticate for administrators

or groups that have a permission profile for the Domain.

4. Create the administrator (or group of administrators) that authenticates with an Identity
Provider.

a. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators >

Administrators.

b. Click the icon and from the drop-down list select New Administrator or New Identity
Provider Administrator Group.

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c. For an administrator, configure these settings:

n Name - The administrator name must be identical to the name defined in the Identity
Provider's username attribute.
n Authentication Method - Select Identity Provider.
n Permissions - Assign the required permission profile.
For an administrator group, configure these settings:
n Name - Enter a name for the administrator group object. You can select any name.
n Group ID/name - Must be identical to the group attribute defined in the Identity
Provider.
n Permission - Assign the required permission profile.

5. There are two ways to log in to SmartConsole with Identity Provider.

Logging in through the SmartConsole login window

a. Open SmartConsole.
b. From the first drop-down menu, select Identity Provider.
The Security Management Server checks if the administrator exists in the Security
Management Server database.
n If the administrator exists, the SmartConsole logs the administrator in.
n If the administrator does not exist, the Security Management Server checks if the
administrator is in an administrator group in the Security Management Server
database.
If the administrator exists in such a group, SmartConsole logs in the administrator,
and the Security Management Server assigns the administrator the permissions of
the group.
Notes:
n If an administrator has an administrator account and is also part of an
administrator group, the Security Management Server assigns to the
administrator the administrator account permissions.
n If the administrator belongs to more than one administrator group, the
Security Management Server assigns to the administrator the
permissions of the administrator group which comes first in alphabetical
order in the Security Management Server database.
n The administrator session is not disconnected if you disconnect or edit
the administrator object in the Identity Provider while the Security
Management Server session is active.
Best Practice - We recommend to use at least one administrator that is not
authenticated through the Identity Provider, in case the Identity Provider is not
available.

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Logging in with a SmartConsole configuration file

CLI Syntax:
To launch SmartConsole with a configuration file for SAML login, use this command in the
Windows Command Prompt:

SmartConsole.exe -p "Full Path to the Configuration File"

Example:

cd /d "C:\Program Files (x86)\CheckPoint\SmartConsole\R81.20\"

SmartConsole.exe -p "D:\MySAML_Configuration.xml"

Required Configuration File:

This is the required configuration file (plain-text XML):

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RemoteLaunchParemeters xmlns:xsi="http:/www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns:xsd="http:/www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<ServerIP>IP Address of the Management Server</ServerIP>
<DomainName>Name of the Domain Management Server</DomainName>
<ReadOnly>False</ReadOnly>
<CloudDemoMode>False</CloudDemoMode>
<IsSamlLogin>1</IsSamlLogin>
</RemoteLaunchParemeters>

Parameters:

Parameter Description

<ServerIP> Specifies the IP Address of the Management Server.

<DomainName> Specifies the name of the Domain Management Server object when
connecting to a Multi-Domain Security Management Server.

<ReadOnly> Specifies if to open SmartConsole in the Read-Only mode.

Valid values:
n False - Opens SmartConsole in the Write mode.
n True - Opens SmartConsole in the Read-Only mode.

<CloudDemoMode> Specifies if to enable the Demo Mode.

Valid values:
n False - Opens SmartConsole in regular mode.
n True - Opens SmartConsole in the Demo mode.

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Parameter Description

<IsSamlLogin> Specifies if to enable the SAML login.

Valid values:
n 1 - Enables the SAML login.
n 0 - Disables the SAML login.

Example of the configuration file for a Security Management Server with the IP address
172.30.44.55:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>

<RemoteLaunchParemeters xmlns:xsi="http:/www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-
instance" xmlns:xsd="http:/www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
<ServerIP>172.30.44.55</ServerIP>
<ReadOnly>False</ReadOnly>
<CloudDemoMode>False</CloudDemoMode>
<IsSamlLogin>1</IsSamlLogin>
</RemoteLaunchParemeters>

After you configure SAML authentication, you can, in addition, configure authentication with a certificate file.
The administrator can then authenticate to SmartConsole with the SAML Identity Provider or the certificate
file.
You create the certificate file in SmartConsole. The administrator can use the certificate to log in to
SmartConsole in two ways:
n Log in to SmartConsole with the Certificate File option. The administrator must provide the password
to use the certificate file.
n You can import the certificate file to the Windows Certificate Store on the Microsoft Windows
SmartConsole computer. The administrator can use this stored certificate to log in to SmartConsole
with the CAPI Certificate option. The administrator does not need to provide a password to log in.
The administrator can also give the certificate to other administrators to log in to SmartConsole with no
administrator account of their own.

Configuring API Key Authentication for Administrators

An API key is a token that a client provides when making API calls.
API key authentication provides an administrator the ability to use a token for authenticating to the API
interface instead of the usual administrator name / password.
You can use SmartConsole to configure an API key for administrators to use the management API.

Note - This administrator can only use the API for executing API commands and cannot
use it for SmartConsole authentication.

To configure API authentication for an Administrator using SmartConsole

1. In SmartConsole click Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Administrators

Click the New icon at the top menu.

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The New Administrator window opens.

2. Give the administrator a name
3. In the Authentication Method field select API Key.
4. Click Generate API key.

5. A new API key window opens.

a. Click Copy key to Clipboard
b. Save the key for a later use (provide it to the relevant administrator).
6. Click OK
7. Publish the SmartConsole session.

Example

This example demonstrates how to use the API-key for login and creating a simple-gateway using the
API.
1. Log in to the Expert mode.
2. Use the previously generated key for the login, and save the standard output to a file (redirect it to
a file using the ">" sign):

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Syntax:

mgmt_cli login api-key <api-key> > /<path_to>/<filename>

Example:

mgmt_cli login api-key mvYSiHVmlJM+J0tu2FqGag12 > /var/tmp/token.txt

3. Run a mgmt_cli command with the "-s" flag.

Syntax:

mgmt_cli -s /<path_to>/<filename> add simple-gateway name <gateway

name> ip-address <ip address> one-time-password <password> blade
<true>

Example:

mgmt_cli -s /var/tmp/token.txt add simple-gateway name "gw1" ip-

address 192.168.3.181 one-time-password "aaaa" firewall true vpn
true

For more details, see the Check Point Management API Reference.

After you configure API authentication, you can, in addition, configure authentication with a certificate file.
The administrator can then authenticate to the Security Management Server with either an API Key or a
certificate file.
You create the certificate file in SmartConsole. The administrator can use the certificate to log in to
SmartConsole in two ways:
n Log in to SmartConsole with the Certificate File option. The administrator must provide the password
to use the certificate file.
n You can import the certificate file to the Windows Certificate Store on the Microsoft Windows
SmartConsole computer. The administrator can use this stored certificate to log in to SmartConsole
with the CAPI Certificate option. The administrator does not need to provide a password to log in.
The administrator can also give the certificate to other administrators to log in to SmartConsole with no
administrator account of their own.

Assigning Permission Profiles to Administrators

A permission profile is a predefined set of Security Management Server and SmartConsole administrative
permissions that you can assign to administrators. You can assign a permission profile to more than one
administrator. Only Security Management Server administrators with the Manage Administrators permission
in the profile can create and manage permission profiles.
To learn about permission profiles for Multi-Domain Security Management administrators, see the R81.20
Multi-Domain Security Management Administration Guide.

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Changing and Creating Permission Profiles

Administrators with Super User permissions can edit, create, or delete permission profiles.
These are the predefined, default permission profiles. You cannot change or delete the default permission
profiles. You can clone them, and change the clones:
n Read Only All - Full Read Permissions. No Write permissions.
n Read Write All - Full Read and Write Permissions.
n Super User - Full Read and Write Permissions, including managing administrators and sessions.
To change the permission profile of an administrator

1. Click Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators.

2. Double-click the administrator account.
The Administrators properties window opens.
3. In the Permissions section, select another Permission Profile from the list.
4. Click OK.

To change a permission profile

1. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Permission
Profiles.
2. Double-click the profile to change.
3. In the Profile configuration window that opens change the settings as needed.
4. Click Close.

To create a new permission profile

1. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Permission
Profiles.
2. Click New Profile.
The New Profile window opens.
3. Enter a unique name for the profile.
4. Select a profile type:
n Read/Write All - Administrators can make changes to all features
n Auditor (Read Only All) - Administrators can see all information but cannot make changes
n Customized - Configure custom settings (see "Configuring Customized Permissions" on
the next page).
5. Click OK.

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To delete a permission profile

1. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Permission
Profiles.
2. Select a profile and click Delete.
You cannot delete a profile that is assigned to an administrator. To see which administrators use a
profile, in the error message, click Where Used.
If the profile is not assigned to administrators, a confirmation window opens.
3. Click Yes to confirm.

Configuring Customized Permissions

Configure administrator permissions for Gateways, Access Control, Threat Prevention, Others,
Monitoring and Logging, Events and Reports, Management. For each resource, define if administrators
that are configured with this profile can configure the feature or only see it.

Permissions:
n Selected - The administrator has this feature.
n Not selected - The administrator does not have this feature.

Note - If you cannot clear a feature selection, the administrator access to it is mandatory.

Some features have Read and Write options. If the feature is selected:
n Read - The administrator has the feature but cannot make changes.
n Write - The administrator has the feature and can make changes.
To configure customized permissions

1. In the Profile object, in the Overview > Permissions section, select Customized.
2. Configure permissions in these pages of the Profile object:
n Gateways -Configure the Provisioning and the Scripts permissions.
n Access Control - Configure Access Control Policy permissions (see "Configuring
Permissions for Access Control and Threat Prevention" on page 75).
n Threat Prevention - Configure Threat Prevention Policy permissions (see "Configuring
Permissions for Access Control and Threat Prevention" on page 75).
n Others - Configure permissions for Common Objects, user databases, HTTPS Inspection
features, and Client Certificates.
n Monitoring and Logging - Configure permissions to generate and see logs and to use
monitoring features (see "Configuring Permissions for Monitoring, Logging, Events, and
Reports" on page 75).

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n Events and Reports - Configure permissions for SmartEvent features (see "Configuring
Permissions for Monitoring, Logging, Events, and Reports" on page 75).
3. In the Management section, configure this profile with permissions to:
n Manage Administrators -Manage other administrator accounts.
n Manage Sessions -Lets the administrator configure the session management settings
(single or multiple sessions)
n High Availability Operations -Configure and work with High Availability.
n Management API Login -Log in with the management API.
n Cloud Management Extension (CME) API - The permission for using CME API.
n Publish sessions without an approval - If not selected, any change made to a session
requires an approval.
n Approve/reject other sessions - If selected, the administrator has permission to approve
changes made by other administrators.
n Manage integration with Cloud Services - If selected, the administrator has permission to
connect to the Infinity Portal through the Cloud Services view in SmartConsole.
4. Click OK.

Important - In a Permission Profile, if you select the permission VSX Provisioning (in
the Gateways tab), you must also select Publish sessions without an approval (in the
Management tab), because the Management Server must save changes in VSX
objects immediately.

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Configuring Permissions for Access Control Layers

You can simplify the management of the Access Control Policy by delegating ownership of different Layers
to different administrators.
To do this, assign a permission profile to the Layer. The permission Profile must have this permission: Edit
Layer by the selected profiles in a layer editor.
An administrator that has a permission profile with this permission can manage the Layer.
Workflow

1. Give Layer permissions to an administrator profile.

2. Assign the permission profile to the Layer.

To give Layer permissions to an administrator profile

1. In the Profile object, in the Access Control > Policy section, select Edit Layer by the selected
profiles in a layer editor.
2. Click OK.

To assign a permission profile to a Layer

1. In SmartConsole, click Menu > Manage policies and layers.
2. In the left pane, click Layers.
3. Select a Layer.
4. Click Edit.
5. In the left pane, select Permissions.
6. Click +
7. Select a profile with Layer permissions.
8. Click OK.
9. Click Close.
10. Publish the SmartConsole session.

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Configuring Permissions for Access Control and Threat Prevention

In the permission profile object, select the features and the Read or Write administrator permissions for
them.
n Access Control
To edit a Layer, a user must have permissions for all Software Blades in the Layer.
In the Actions section:
l Install Policy - Install the Access Control Policy on Security Gateways.
l Application & URL Filtering Update - Download and install new packages of applications and
websites, to use in access rules.
n Threat Prevention
In the Actions section:
l Install Policy - Install the Threat Prevention Policy on Security Gateways.
l IPS Update -Download and install new packages for IPS protections.

Configuring Permissions for Monitoring, Logging, Events, and Reports

In the Profile object, select the features and the Read or Write administrator permissions for them.
n Monitoring and Logging Features
These are some of the available features:
l Monitoring
l Management Logs
l Track Logs
l Application and URL Filtering Logs
n Events and Reports Features
These are the permissions for SmartEvent:
l SmartEvent
o Events - views in SmartConsole > Logs & Monitor
o Policy - SmartEvent Policy and Settings on SmartEvent GUI.
o Reports - in SmartConsole > Logs & Monitor
l SmartEvent Application & URL Filtering reports only

Defining Trusted Clients

To limit the access to the Security Management Server from a specified list of hosts, you must configure
Trusted Clients.
You can configure Trusted Clients in these ways:

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Trusted Client
Description
Definition

Any All hosts

IPv4 Address A single host with the specified IPv4 address

IPv4 Address Range Hosts with IPv4 addresses in the specified range

IPv4 Netmask Hosts with IPv4 addresses in the subnet defined by the specified IPv4 address
and netmask

IPv6 Address A single host with the specified IPv6 address

IPv6 Address Range Hosts with IPv6 addresses in the specified range

IPv6 Netmask Hosts with IPv6 addresses in the subnet defined by the specified IPv6 address
and netmask

Name A host with the specified hostname

Wild cards (IP only) Hosts with IP addresses described by the specified regular expression

Administrators with Super User permissions can add, edit, or delete trusted clients in SmartConsole.
Adding a new trusted client

1. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Trusted Clients.
2. Click New.
The New Trusted Client window opens.
3. Enter a unique name for the client.
4. Select a client type and configure corresponding values:
n Any - No values to configure
n IPv4 Address - Enter an IPv4 address of a host
n IPv4 Address Range - Enter the first and the last address of an IPv4 address range
n IPv4 Netmask - Enter the IPv4 address and the netmask
n IPv6 Address - Enter an IPv6 address of a host
n IPv6 Address Range - Enter the first and the last address of an IPv6 address range
n IPv6 Netmask - Enter the IPv6 address and the netmask
n Name - Enter a host name
n Wild cards (IP only) - Enter a regular expression that describes a set of IP addresses
5. Click OK.

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Modifying a trusted client settings

1. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Trusted Clients.
2. Double-click the client you want to edit.
3. In the Trusted Client configuration window that opens, change the settings as needed.
4. Click OK.

Deleting a trusted client

1. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Trusted Clients.
2. Select a trusted client and click Delete.
The confirmation window opens.
3. Click Yes to confirm.

Note - Administrators can also configure the GUI Clients in the Check Point
Configuration Tool on the Security Management Server (see "cpconfig" on page 497).

Session Flow for Administrators

In SmartConsole, administrators work with sessions. A session is created each time an administrator logs
into SmartConsole. Changes made in the session are saved automatically. You can generate a changes
report to show you all the changes made in a session. These changes are private and available only to the
administrator. To avoid configuration conflicts, other administrators see a lock icon on objects and rules that
are being edited in other sessions.
Administrators can publish or discard their private changes. To include private changes in the policy
installation, you must publish your changes in the session. This is also true if you want to make your private
changes available to other administrators. Unpublished changes from other sessions are not included in the
policy installation.
Before you publish a session, we recommend that you give the session a name and add a brief description
that documents the work process.

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Publishing a Session
The validations pane in SmartConsole shows configuration error messages. Examples of errors are object
names that are not unique, or the use of objects that are not valid in the Rule Base. Make sure you correct
these errors before publishing.

To publish a SmartConsole session

On the SmartConsole toolbar, click Publish. When a session is published, a new database version is
created and shows in the list of database revisions.

To add a name or description to a session

1. In the SmartConsole toolbar, click Session.
The Session Details window opens.
2. Enter a name for the database version.
3. Enter a description.
4. Click OK.

To discard a session
In the SmartConsole toolbar, click Discard.

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Working in SmartConsole Session View

The Session view shows all unpublished sessions in the system. The view shows the sessions of the current
administrator, sessions of other administrators and sessions from other applications. The columns in the
view can be customized and show the session owner, name, description, connection mode, number of
private changes, number of locks, application and other values.
To see session information, click Manage & Settings > Sessions > View Sessions.
Actions available to administrators on private sessions are determined by the Manage Sessions permission
on their profile.

Administrators without the Manage Administrators with the Manage Session Permission
Session permission can: can:

n Publish and discard their own n Publish and discard their own sessions
sessions n See sessions opened by other administrators, the
n See sessions opened by other number the locks they have and number changes
administrators, the number the locks they have made
they have and number of changes n Publish & Disconnect the private sessions of
they have made other administrators
n Take over sessions created by n Disconnect & Discard the private sessions of
applications, for example sessions other administrators
created by the API command line tool n Disconnect another administrator's private
session
n Take over sessions created by applications, for
example sessions created by the API command
line tool
n Take over the private sessions of other
administrators.
Note - If you want to keep changes
made in your own private session,
publish these changes before you take
over the session of another
administrator. If you do not publish your
changes, you will lose them. When you
take over, you disconnect the other
administrator's SmartConsole session.
n Publish & Disconnect the private sessions of
other administrators. The action applies to both
SmartConsole sessions and command line API
sessions.
n Disconnect the private session of other
administrators
n Discard & Disconnect the private session of other
administrators

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Viewing Changes Made in Private Sessions

You can generate a report to show you the changes made in a specific session, it can be your current
session or a different one. Tracking the changes made in sessions lets you track and monitor the changes
made, and troubleshoot bugs.
The change report only details changes in policy rules and common network objects. For more details, see:
sk166435.
To view the changes made in your current session:

Click the Changes button on the toolbar.

A report is generated which shows the changes made in the current private session.

To view the changes made in any session of your choice:

1. In SmartConsole, go to the Manage & Settings view > Sessions > View Sessions.
The list of sessions appears.
2. Click on the required session.
3. Click the Changes button on the toolbar.
A changes report is generated.
The report shows a comparison between the selected private sessions.

Note - There is inconsistency between the number of changes which appears in the
session toolbar and the Revisions view.

Taking over locked objects from administrators with inactive sessions

If there are locked objects in SmartConsole by administrators with inactive sessions, but the relevant
administrators are currently unavailable to log back in to SmartConsole and remove the lock, you can take
over their sessions.

To take over inactive sessions of other administrators:

1. Log in to SmartConsole with a different administrator account.
2. Go to Manage & Settings > Sessions > View Sessions.
3. Right-click the relevant sessions of the administrator who owns the locked objects and select Take
over.
You can now open the relevant object and publish or discard changes to remove the lock.

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Administrators Working with Multiple Sessions

Administrators working with multiple sessions can open multiple additional private sessions without
publishing changes made in the current private session.

Use Case
Suppose you are making changes in a private session and are asked to solve some immediate problem.
The task involves making a change and publishing it. You do not wish to publish or discard your current
private session.
You open a new private session, make the change required to resolve the issue, publish the change, then
return to your previous private session.
To do this, you need to work with multiple sessions. To switch on multiple sessions, you need the Manage
Sessions permission selected on your administrator profile.

To enable working in multiple sessions

1. Open the relevant permission profile.
2. Make sure the Manage Sessions permission is selected on the Management page.
3. Open SmartConsole > Manage & Settings View > Sessions > Advanced.
4. Select Each administrator can manage multiple SmartConsole sessions at the same time.
5. Publish the change.
When working with multiple sessions, you can:
n Open and manage multiple sessions to the Security Management Server using the same
administrator account
n Switch between the active session and previously saved sessions
n Publish, discard and disconnect other sessions
n Take over other sessions

The SmartConsole Session menu

After multiple sessions are enabled, the SmartConsole Session menu has these new options:

Option Description

Edit Lets you change the session name and description.

sessions
details

Create new In the current window

session Opens a new session in the current SmartConsole
In a new window
Opens a new session in a new SmartConsole

Recent Shows a list of recent sessions. Selecting a session opens the session in the current
SmartConsole

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Option Description

More Opens the Open Session window that shows sessions that you previously created and
saved.
n Sessions shown in this window are owned by the current administrator in the
current domain.
n The Open Session > Actions menu has options to open a saved session in the
current SmartConsole or open the session in a new SmartConsole.

The SmartConsole Session View

When multiple sessions are enabled, you can perform these additional actions:

Action You can:

For sessions that you own n Discard and Disconnect

n Publish and Disconnect
n Disconnect
n Open an older session

For sessions owned by other administrators that have made private n Publish and Disconnect
changes their changes
n Discard and Disconnect
n Disconnect
n Take over their changes

For sessions owned by other administrators that have not made n Disconnect
private sessions n Take over

Notes:
n When you work in single session, you need to publish or discard your changes
before you take over another session. In multiple sessions, you do not have to
publish or discard your session before you take over the session of another
administrator.
n In multiple sessions, an administrator who connects from another desktop to an
already connected session can still take over the connected session by default.

Switching between Multiple and Single Session

If the session management settings switch from multiple SmartConsole sessions to allow only a single
SmartConsole session at a time:
n Administrators can still publish, discard and open sessions that they own.
n Cannot create new sessions until they have published or discarded all their unpublished sessions
with private sessions
n Cannot take over the sessions of other administrators or applications (for example sessions created
with API commands in the mgmt_cli utility) until they have published or discarded all their previously
saved private sessions.

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Approval Cycle for Sessions (SmartWorkflow and Identity Provider)

Lets administrators approve changes in sessions made by other administrators.

Use Case
This feature gives you the option to review and approve configuration changes made by other administrators
before publishing them. You can define which administrators must submit their changes for approval and
which administrators are authorized to approve changes.

Configuration
1. Create a new permission profile for the Administrator "A" whose changes require approval

a. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Permission
Profiles > New Profile.
The New Profile window opens.
b. In the Overview page ,select Read/Write All or Customized.
c. In the Management page, clear the Publish sessions without an approval option.
d. Configure the rest of the profile settings, and click OK and publish the changes.

2. Create a new administrator account for the Administrator "A" whose changes require
approval:

a. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators >

Administrators > New Administrator.
The New Profile window opens.
b. Configure the Administrator name and other properties, and in the Permission Profile field,
select the profile you created for this administrator.
c. Click OK.

3. Create a new permission profile for the Administrator "B" who approves the changes"

a. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Permission
Profiles > New Profile.
The New Profile window opens.
b. In the Overview page ,select Read/Write All or Customized.
c. In the Management page, select Approve/reject other sessions.
d. Configure the rest of the profile settings, and click OK.

4. Create a new administrator account for the Administrator "B" who approves the changes:

a. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators >

Administrators > New Administrator.
The New Profile window opens.

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b. Configure the Administrator name and other properties, and in the Permission Profile field,
select the profile you created for this administrator.
c. Click OK and publish your changes.

5. To submit your changes for approval, in SmartConsole's top toolbar, click Submit Request

Note - If Administrator "A" tries to install policy before his changes are
approved, a message shows up indicating the changes must be submitted for
approval first.

Each time Administrator "A" makes changes in the SmartConsole configuration:

After Administrator "A" modifies a rule in the Rule Base and clicks Submit, SmartConsole locks
this rule for further changes and shows a padlock icon.
After Administrator "A" modifies an object and clicks Submit, SmartConsole locks this object for
further changes. You can only view the object properties (right-click the object > View).

Note - To see the status of all sessions, go to Manage & Settings > Sessions
> View Sessions.

6. Administrator "B" to reviews and approves the changes

Note - If you have sessions which are pending approval, a notification with the
number of sessions pending approval appears next to the Manage & Settings
tab and next to the View Sessions tab.

a. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Sessions > View Sessions.

b. Right-click a session that is pending approval.
c. To review the changes, select Review change report from the drop-down menu.
d. After you reviewed the changes, right-click the sessions and select one of these options
from the drop-down menu:
n To publish the session, select Approve. After the session is published, Administrator
"A" can install policy.
n To return the session to the submitter to fix, select Reject. If you select this option,
you return the session to Administrator "A". A window opens and you must provide
the return justification.

7. Administrator "A" sees the notifications of the reviewed sessions in the Manage & Settings
tab and the View Sessions tab.

To fix a session, click a session and select open session from the drop-down menu.

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Notes:
n To get email notifications about session updates, go to Manage & Settings >
SmartTasks, and configure the applicable SmartTask (see "SmartTasks" on
page 384).
n To be able to save changes in the Database Tool or in SmartProvisioning , you
must have permission to publish your changes without an approval. If the Publish
sessions without an approval, option is cleared, you cannot save changes in the
Database Tool or in SmartProvisioning.

Managing User Accounts

A user account is an object that represents a user that generates traffic in a Check Point environment. The
Management Server administrators create, manage and monitor user accounts. The Security Gateway lets
you control access privileges for authenticated users. The administrator uses the Security Rule Base to
restrict or give users access to specified resources. Users are unaware of the groups to which they belong.
Limitation of access to sensitive information and resources only to authorized users ensures the security of
the organization's network and data.
Users authenticate to Security Gateways. Check Point supports different Authentication Methods for users.
All users are configured directly in SmartConsole (in contrast to users configured on external servers, such
as Active Directory), and are stored on the Management Server in the management database.
When an administrator installs a policy, the Management Server copies the applicable user data to the
managed Security Gateway.
When an administrator installs a database (Menu > Install Database), the Management Server copies the
applicable user data to the managed servers (for example, the Log Server).

Creating a User Account

When you create a user account through SmartConsole, you can select one of these authentication
methods:

Authentication
Description
Method

Check Point Check Point password is a static password that is configured in SmartConsole.The
Password local database on the Security Gateway stores the password. No additional
software is required.
See "Configuring User Access using Check Point Password Authentication" on
page 89.

OS Password OS Password is stored on the operating system of the computer on which the
Security Gateway is installed. You can also use passwords that are stored in a
Windows domain. No additional software is required.
See "Configuring User Access using OS Password" on page 91

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Authentication
Description
Method

RADIUS Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is an external authentication

method that provides security and scalability by separating the authentication
function from the access server.
With RADIUS, the Security Gateway lets you control access privileges for
authenticated RADIUS users, based on the administrator's assignment of users to
RADIUS groups. These groups are used in the Security Rule Base to restrict or give
users access to specified resources. Users are unaware of the groups to which they
belong.
The Security Gateway forwards authentication requests by remote users to the
RADIUS server. The RADIUS server, which stores user account information, does
the authentication.
The RADIUS protocol uses UDP to communicate with the Security Gateway.
To use RADIUS groups, you must define a return attribute in the RADIUS user
profile of the RADIUS server. This attribute is returned to the Security Gateway and
contains the group name (for example, RAD_<group to which the RADIUS users
belong>) to which the users belong.
For the Gaiaoperating system, use the attribute "Vendor-Specific" (26) - refer to
RFC 2865.
See "Configuring RADIUS Authentication for Users" on page 93.

TACACS Terminal Access Controller Access Control System (TACACS) provides access
control for routers, network access servers and other networked devices through
one or more centralized servers.
TACACS is an external authentication method that provides verification services.
With TACACS, the forwards authentication requests by remote users to the
TACACS server. The TACACS server, which stores user account information,
authenticates users. The system supports physical card key devices or token cards
and Kerberos secret key authentication. TACACS encrypts the user name,
password, authentication services and accounting information of all authentication
requests to make sure communication is secure.
See"Configuring TACACS Authentication for Users" on page 96

SecurID SecurID requires users to both possess a token authenticator and to supply a PIN or
password. Token authenticators generate one-time passwords that are
synchronized to an RSA Authentication Manager (AM) and may come in the form of
hardware or software. Hardware tokens are key-ring or credit card-sized devices.
Software tokens reside on the PC or device from which the user wants to
authenticate. All tokens generate a random, one-time use access code that
changes approximately every minute. When a user attempts to authenticate to a
protected resource, the one-time use code must be validated by the AM.
The Security Gateway forwards authentication requests by remote users to the AM.
The AM manages the database of RSA users and their assigned hard or soft
tokens. The Security Gateway acts as an AM agent and directs all access requests
to the AM for authentication. For more information on agent configuration, refer to
RSA Authentication Manager documentation. There are no specific parameters
required for the SecurID authentication method. Authentication requests can be
sent over SDK-supported API or through REST API.
See ."Configuring SecurID Authentication for Users" on page 99

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Important - If you do not select an authentication method, the user cannot log in or use
network resources.

After you configure authentication with one of the Check Point authentication methods, you can, in addition,
create a certificate file for the user. The user can authenticate to the Security Gateway with one of the Check
Point authentication methods or with a certificate file.
You create the certificate file in SmartConsole, and the user can log in to the Security Gateway with the
certificate file in two ways:
n Log in to Security Gateway with the Certificate File option. The user must provide the password to
use the certificate file.
n You can import the certificate file to the Windows Certificate Store on the Microsoft Windows
SmartConsole computer. The user can use this stored certificate to log in to the Security Gateway
with the CAPI Certificate option. The user does not need to provide a password to log in.

Changing an Existing User

Procedure

1. In the Object Explorer, click User/Identity > Users.

2. Double-click a user.
The User window opens.
3. Change the properties as necessary.
4. Click OK.

Deleting a User
Procedure

1. n the Object Explorer, click User/Identity > Users.

2. Right-click the account and select Delete.
The confirmation window opens.
3. Click Yes.

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Managing User Groups

User groups are collections of user accounts. Add the user group to the Source or Destination of a rule. You
cannot add individual users to a rule.
You can also edit user groups, and delete user groups that are not used in the Rule Base.
To create a new user group

1. In the Object Explorer (F11), click New > More > User/Identity > User Group.
The New User Group window opens.
2. Enter a name for the new group.
3. For each user or a group of users, click the [+] sign and select the object from the list.
4. Configure the optional settings:
n Mailing List Address
n Comment
n Tag
n Color
5. Click OK.

To add new users or other user groups to a group

1. In the Object Explorer (F11), select Object Categories > Users/Identities > User Groups
2. Right-click the user group and click Edit.
The User Group window opens.
3. Click +
4. Select users or user groups.
5. Click OK.

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Configuring Default Expiration Settings for Users

If a user account is about to expire, notifications show when you open the properties of the user in
SmartConsole.
Procedure

1. From the main Menu, select Global Properties.

The Global Properties window opens.
2. Click User Accounts.
3. Select Expire at or Expire after.
n Expire at - Select the expiration date from the calendar control.
n Expire after - Enter the number of days (from the day the account is made) before user
accounts expire.
4. Select Show accounts expiration indication, and enter the number of days.
Expiration warnings in the SmartConsole user object show this number of days before an account
expires. During this time, if the user account is to be active for longer, you can edit the user
account expiration configuration. This prevents loss of working time.

Configuring User Access using Check Point Password

Authentication
Check Point password is a static password that is configured in SmartConsole.The local database on the
Security Gateway stores the password. No additional software is required.
After you configure authentication with a Check Point password, you can, in addition, configure
authentication with a certificate file. The user can then authenticate to the Security Gateway with the Check
Point password or the certificate file.

To create a new user with Check Point password authentication

1. In the Object Explorer (F11), click New > More > User/Identity > User.
The New User window opens.
2. Select a template and Click OK.
3. Enter a User Name - A unique, case sensitive character string.
If you generate a user certificate with a non-Check Point Certificate Authority, enter the Common
Name (CN) component of the Distinguished Name (DN). For example, if the DN is: [CN = James, O =
My Organization, C = My Country],
enter James as the user name. If you use Common Names as user names, they must contain exactly
one string with no spaces.
4. Configure the user's General Properties:
a. Select an Expiration Date - The date, after which the user is no longer authorized to access
network resources and applications. By default, the date defined in the main menu > Global
Properties > User Accounts > Expiration Date, shows as the expiration date.
b. Optional settings: Comment, Email Address, Mobile Phone Number.
5. In Groups - Use this window to add users to user groups.

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6. Configure the user's Authentication:

a. From the drop-down menu, select Check Point Password.

Important - If you do not select an authentication method, the user cannot

log in or use network resources.

b. Click Set new password.

7. In Location, select objects from which this user can access or send data and traffic.
In the Allowed locations section:
n Sources - Click Add, to add selected objects to this user's permitted resources. The user can
get data and traffic from these objects.
n Destination - Click Add, to add selected objects to this user's permitted destinations. The user
can send data and traffic to these objects.
8. In Time - If the user has specific working days or hours, you can configure when the user can be
authenticated for access.
n From and To - Enter start time and end time of an expected workday. This user will not be
authenticated if a login attempt is made at a time outside the given range.
n Days in week or Daily - Select the days on which the user can authenticate and access
resources. This user will not be authenticated if a login attempt is made on an unselected day.
9. In Certificates:
You can generate and register SIC certificates for user accounts. This authenticates the user in the
Check Point system. Use certificates with required authentication for added access control.
a. Click New.
b. Select key or p12 file:
n Registration key for certificate enrollment - Select to send a registration key that
activates the certificate. When prompted, select the number of days the user has to
activate the certificate, before the registration key expires.
n Certificate file (p12) - Select to create a .p12 certificate file with a private password for
the user. When prompted, enter and confirm the certificate password.
c. Click OK.
If a user is not in the system for some time (for example, when the user is on an extended leave), you
can revoke the certificate. This leaves the user account in the system, but the user cannot access it
until you renew the certificate.
To revoke a certificate, select the certificate and click Revoke.
10. In Encryption:
If the user accesses resources from a remote location, traffic between the remote user and internal
resources is encrypted. Configure encryption settings for remote access users:
a. Select an encryption method for the user.
b. Click Edit.

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The encryption Properties window opens.

The next steps are for IKE Phase 2. The options can be different for different methods.
c. In the Authentication tab, select the authentication schemes:
i. Password - The user authenticates with a pre-shared secret password. Enter and
confirm the password.
ii. Public Key - The user authenticates with a public key contained in a certificate file.
d. Click OK.
11. Click OK.

Configuring User Access using OS Password

OS Password is stored on the operating system of the computer on which the Security Gateway is installed.
You can also use passwords that are stored in a Windows domain. No additional software is required.
After you configure authentication with an operating system password, you can, in addition, configure
authentication with a certificate file. The user can then authenticate to the Security Gateway with the
operating system password or the certificate file.

To create a new user with OS password authentication

1. In the Object Explorer (F11), click New > More > User/Identity > User.
The New User window opens.
2. Select a template and Click OK.
3. Enter a User Name - A unique, case sensitive character string.
If you generate a user certificate with a non-Check Point Certificate Authority, enter the Common
Name (CN) component of the Distinguished Name (DN).
For example, if the DN is [CN = James, O = My Organization, C = My Country], then
enter James as the username. If you use Common Names as user names, they must contain exactly
one string with no spaces.
4. Configure the user's General Properties:
a. Select an Expiration Date - The date, after which the user is no longer authorized to access
network resources and applications. By default, the date defined in the main menu > Global
Properties > User Accounts > Expiration Date shows as the expiration date.
b. Optional settings: Comment, Email Address, Mobile Phone Number.
5. In Groups - Use this window to add users to user groups.
6. Configure the user's Authentication:
a. From the drop-down menu, select OS Password.

Important - If you do not select an authentication method, the user cannot

log in or use network resources.

b. Click Set new password.

7. In Location, select objects from which this user can access or send data and traffic.

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In the Allowed locations section:

n Sources - Click Add, to add selected objects to this user's permitted resources. The user can
get data and traffic from these objects.
n Destination - Click Add, to add selected objects to this user's permitted destinations. The user
can send data and traffic to these objects.
8. In Time - If the user has specific working days or hours, you can configure when the user can be
authenticated for access.
n From and To - Enter start time and end time of an expected workday. This user will not be
authenticated if a login attempt is made on a time outside the given range.
n Days in week or Daily - Select the days on which the user can authenticate and access
resources. This user will not be authenticated if a login attempt is made on an unselected day.
9. In Certificates:
Generate and register SIC certificates for user accounts. This authenticates the user in the Check
Point system. Use certificates with required authentication for added access control.
a. Click New.
b. Select key or p12 file:
n Registration key for certificate enrollment - Select to send a registration key that
activates the certificate. When prompted, select the number of days the user has to
activate the certificate, before the registration key expires.
n Certificate file (p12) - Select to create a .p12 certificate file with a private password for
the user. When prompted, enter and confirm the certificate password.
c. Click OK.
If a user is not in the system for some time (for example, when going on an extended leave), you can
revoke the certificate. This leaves the user account in the system, but the user cannot access it until
you renew the certificate.
To revoke a certificate, select the certificate and click Revoke.
10. In Encryption:
If the user accesses resources from a remote location, traffic between the remote user and internal
resources will be encrypted. Configure encryption settings for remote access users.
a. Select an encryption method for the user.
b. Click Edit.
The encryption Properties window opens.
The next steps are for IKE Phase 2. The options can be different for different methods.
c. In the Authentication tab, select the authentication schemes:
i. Password - The user authenticates with a pre-shared secret password. Enter and
confirm the password.
ii. Public Key - The user authenticates with a public key contained in a certificate file.
d. Click OK.
11. Click OK.

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Configuring RADIUS Authentication for Users

Remote Authentication Dial-In User Service (RADIUS) is an external authentication method that provides
security and scalability by separating the authentication function from the access server.
With RADIUS, the Security Gateway lets you control access privileges for authenticated RADIUS users,
based on the administrator's assignment of users to RADIUS groups. These groups are used in the Security
Rule Base to restrict or give users access to specified resources. Users are unaware of the groups to which
they belong.
The Security Gateway forwards authentication requests by remote users to the RADIUS server. The
RADIUS server, which stores user account information, does the authentication.
The RADIUS protocol uses UDP to communicate with the Security Gateway.
To use RADIUS groups, you must define a return attribute in the RADIUS user profile of the RADIUS server.
This attribute is returned to the Security Gateway and contains the group name (for example, RAD_<group
to which the RADIUS users belong>) to which the users belong.
For the Gaiaoperating system, use the attribute "Vendor-Specific" (26) - refer to RFC 2865.
To learn how to configure a RADIUS server, refer to the vendor documentation.
Users can perform RADIUS authentication through a RADIUS server or a RADIUS server group. A RADIUS
server group is a high availability group of identical RADIUS servers which includes any or all the RADIUS
servers in the system. When you create the group, you define a priority for each server in the group. If the
server with the highest priority fails, the one with the next highest priority in the group takes over, and so on.
After you configure authentication with a RADIUS server, you can, in addition, configure authentication with
a certificate file. The user can then authenticate to the Security Gateway with the RADIUS server or the
certificate file.

To configure RADIUS server authentication for a user

1. In SmartConsole, configure a new RADIUS Server object

a. Go to the Object Explorer and select New > More > Server > RADIUS.
a. Give the server a Name. It can be any name.
b. In the Host field, click the drop-down arrow, click New and create a New Host with the IP
address of the RADIUS server.
c. Click OK.
d. Make sure that this host shows in the Host field of the New Radius window.
e. In the Shared Secret field, type the secret key that you defined previously on the RADIUS
server.
f. Click OK.
g. Publish the SmartConsole session.

2. Create a new user and define RADIUS as the authentication method

a. In the Object Explorer (F11), click New > More > User/Identity > User.
The New User window opens.
b. Select a template and Click OK.

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c. Enter a User Name - A unique, case sensitive character string.

If you generate a user certificate with a non-Check Point Certificate Authority, enter the
Common Name (CN) component of the Distinguished Name (DN).
For example, if the DN is [CN = James, O = My Organization, C = My
Country], then enter James as the username. If you use Common Names as user names,
they must contain exactly one string with no spaces.
d. Configure the user's General Properties:
i. Select an Expiration Date - The date, after which the user is no longer authorized to
access network resources and applications. By default, the date defined in the main
menu > Global Properties > User Accounts > Expiration Date shows as the
expiration date.
ii. Optional settings: Comment, Email Address, Mobile Phone Number.
e. In Groups - Use this window to add users to user groups.
f. Configure the user's Authentication: From the drop-down menu, select RADIUS.

Important - If you do not select an authentication method, the user

cannot log in or use network resources.

g. In Location, select objects from which this user can access or send data and traffic.
In the Allowed locations section:
n Sources - Click Add, to add selected objects to this user's permitted resources. The
user can get data and traffic from these objects.
n Destination - Click Add, to add selected objects to this user's permitted destinations.
The user can send data and traffic to these objects.
h. In Time - If the user has specific working days or hours, you can configure when the user
can be authenticated for access.
n From and To - Enter start time and end time of an expected workday. This user will
not be authenticated if a login attempt is made on a time outside the given range.
n Days in week or Daily - Select the days on which the user can authenticate and
access resources. This user will not be authenticated if a login attempt is made on an
unselected day.
i. In Certificates:
Generate and register SIC certificates for user accounts. This authenticates the user in the
Check Point system. Use certificates with required authentication for added access control.

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i. Click New.
ii. Select key or p12 file:
n Registration key for certificate enrollment - Select to send a registration key
that activates the certificate. When prompted, select the number of days the
user has to activate the certificate, before the registration key expires.
n Certificate file (p12) - Select to create a .p12 certificate file with a private
password for the user. When prompted, enter and confirm the certificate
password.
iii. Click OK.
If a user is not in the system for some time (for example, when going on an extended leave),
you can revoke the certificate. This leaves the user account in the system, but the user
cannot access it until you renew the certificate.
To revoke a certificate, select the certificate and click Revoke.
j. In Encryption:
If the user accesses resources from a remote location, traffic between the remote user and
internal resources will be encrypted. Configure encryption settings for remote access users.
i. Select an encryption method for the user.
ii. Click Edit.
The encryption Properties window opens.
The next steps are for IKE Phase 2. The options can be different for different
methods.
iii. Open the Authentication tab.
iv. Select the authentication schemes:
n Password - The user authenticates with a pre-shared secret password. Enter
and confirm the password.
n Public Key - The user authenticates with a public key contained in a certificate
file.
v. Click OK.
k. Click OK.

3. Optional: Configure a RADIUS server group for SmartConsole user authentication

Note - When defining a group of RADIUS servers, all members of the group must
use the same protocol.

a. In SmartConsole, configure all the servers that you want to include in the server group. For
each server, enter its priority in the group. The lower the number is, the higher the priority.
For example, if you create a group with 3 servers, with priorities 1,2 and 3, the server with
number 1 is approached first, the server with number 2 second, and the server with number
3, third.

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b. Create the server group:

In SmartConsole, go to Object Explorer and click New > Server > More > RADIUS Group.
c. Configure the group properties and add servers to the group:
i. Give the group a Name. It can be any name.
ii. Click the plus (+) for each server you want to add, and select each server from the
drop-down list.
iii. Click OK.
iv. Publish the SmartConsole session.
d. Add a new user.
e. Publish the SmartConsole session.

Configuring TACACS Authentication for Users

Terminal Access Controller Access Control System (TACACS) provides access control for routers, network
access servers and other networked devices through one or more centralized servers.
TACACS is an external authentication method that provides verification services. With TACACS, the
forwards authentication requests by remote users to the TACACS server. The TACACS server, which stores
user account information, authenticates users. The system supports physical card key devices or token
cards and Kerberos secret key authentication. TACACS encrypts the user name, password, authentication
services and accounting information of all authentication requests to make sure communication is secure.
To configure a Security Gateway to use TACACS authentication, you must set up the server and enable its
use on the Security Gateway.
Users can perform TACACS authentication through a TACACS server or a TACACS server group. A
TACACS server group is a high availability group of identical TACACS servers which includes any or all the
TACACS servers in the system. When you create the group, you define a priority for each server in the
group. If the server with the highest priority fails, the one with the next highest priority in the group takes
over, and so on.
After you configure authentication with a TACACS server, you can, in addition, configure authentication with
a certificate file. The user can then authenticate to the Security Gateway with the TACACS server or the
certificate file.

To configure TACACS server authentication for a user

1. In SmartConsole, configure a new TACACS+ server object

a. In SmartConsole, create a TACACS server:

Go to the Object Explorer > New > More > Server > TACACS.
b. Give the server a Name. It can be any name.
c. In the Host field, click the drop-down arrow, click New and create a New Host. Give it the IP
address of the TACACS server.
d. Click OK.
e. Make sure that this host shows in the Host field of the New TACACS window.

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f. Select the Servers Type.

Best Practice - The default is TACACS, but we recommend TACACS+.

g. Enter a Secret key (required only if you selected TACACS+ server type).
h. Click OK.

2. Create a new user and define TACACS as the authentication method

a. In the Object Explorer (F11), click New > More > User/Identity > User.
The New User window opens.
b. Select a template and click OK.
c. Enter a User Name - A unique, case sensitive character string.
If you generate a user certificate with a non-Check Point Certificate Authority, enter the
Common Name (CN) component of the Distinguished Name (DN).
For example, if the DN is [CN = James, O = My Organization, C = My
Country], then enter James as the username. If you use Common Names as user names,
they must contain exactly one string with no spaces.
d. Configure the user's General Properties:
i. Select an Expiration Date - The date, after which the user is no longer authorized to
access network resources and applications. By default, the date defined in the main
menu > Global Properties > User Accounts > Expiration Date shows as the
expiration date.
ii. Optional settings: Comment, Email Address, Mobile Phone Number.
e. In Groups - Use this window to add users to user groups.
f. Configure the user's Authentication: From the drop-down menu, select TACACS.

Important - If you do not select an authentication method, the user

cannot log in or use network resources.

g. In Location, select objects from which this user can access or send data and traffic.
In the Allowed locations section:
n Sources - Click Add, to add selected objects to this user's permitted resources. The
user can get data and traffic from these objects.
n Destination - Click Add, to add selected objects to this user's permitted destinations.
The user can send data and traffic to these objects.

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h. In Time - If the user has specific working days or hours, you can configure when the user
can be authenticated for access.
n From and To - Enter start time and end time of an expected workday. This user will
not be authenticated if a login attempt is made on a time outside the given range.
n Days in week or Daily - Select the days on which the user can authenticate and
access resources. This user will not be authenticated if a login attempt is made on an
unselected day.
i. In Certificates:
Generate and register SIC certificates for user accounts. This authenticates the user in the
Check Point system. Use certificates with required authentication for added access control.
i. Click New.
ii. Select key or p12 file:
n Registration key for certificate enrollment - Select to send a registration key
that activates the certificate. When prompted, select the number of days the
user has to activate the certificate, before the registration key expires.
n Certificate file (p12) - Select to create a .p12 certificate file with a private
password for the user. When prompted, enter and confirm the certificate
password.
iii. Click OK
If a user is not in the system for some time (for example, when going on an extended leave),
you can revoke the certificate. This leaves the user account in the system, but the user
cannot access it until you renew the certificate.
To revoke a certificate, select the certificate and click Revoke.
j. In Encryption:
If the user accesses resources from a remote location, traffic between the remote user and
internal resources will be encrypted. Configure encryption settings for remote access users.
i. Select an encryption method for the user.
ii. Click Edit.
The encryption Properties window opens.
The next steps are for IKE Phase 2. The options can be different for different
methods.
iii. Open the Authentication tab.
iv. Select the authentication schemes:
n Password - The user authenticates with a pre-shared secret password. Enter
and confirm the password.
n Public Key - The user authenticates with a public key contained in a certificate
file.
k. Click OK.

3. Optional: Configure a TACACS server group for SmartConsole user authentication

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Note - When defining a group of TACACS servers, all members of the group must
use the same protocol.

a. In SmartConsole, configure all the servers that you want to include in the server group.
For each server, enter its priority in the group. The lower the number is, the higher the
priority.
For example, if you create a group with 3 servers, with priorities 1,2 and 3, the server with
number 1 is approached first, the server with number 2 second, and the server with number
3, third.
b. Create the server group:
In SmartConsole, go to Object Explorer and click New > Server > More > TACACS Group.
c. Configure the group properties and add servers to the group:
i. Give the group a Name. It can be any name.
ii. Click the plus (+) for each server you want to add, and select each server from the
drop-down list.
iii. Click OK.
iv. Publish the SmartConsole session.
d. Add a new user.
e. Publish the SmartConsole session.

Configuring SecurID Authentication for Users

SecurID requires users to both possess a token authenticator and to supply a PIN or password. Token
authenticators generate one-time passwords that are synchronized to an RSA Authentication Manager (AM)
and may come in the form of hardware or software. Hardware tokens are key-ring or credit card-sized
devices. Software tokens reside on the PC or device from which the user wants to authenticate. All tokens
generate a random, one-time use access code that changes approximately every minute. When a user
attempts to authenticate to a protected resource, the one-time use code must be validated by the AM.
The Security Gateway forwards authentication requests by remote users to the AM. The AM manages the
database of RSA users and their assigned hard or soft tokens. The Security Gateway acts as an AM agent
and directs all access requests to the AM for authentication. For more information on agent configuration,
refer to RSA Authentication Manager documentation. There are no specific parameters required for the
SecurID authentication method. Authentication requests can be sent over SDK-supported API or through
REST API.
After you configure SecurID authentication, you can, in addition, configure authentication with a certificate
file. The user can then authenticate to the Security Gateway with the SecurID or the certificate file.

To configure SecurID authentication for users:

1. Configure the API to send authentication requests

You can select to enable one of two API types:

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n SDK-supported API

A proprietary API that uses a proprietary communication protocol on UDP port 5500
through SDKs available for selected platforms.

To enable SecurID authentication over SDK-supported API

a. Create the sdconf.rec file on an ACE/Server and copy it to your computer.
For details, refer to the RSA documentation.
Important - Use the IP address of a Security Gateway
interface that connects to the ACE/Server:
l For a specific Security Gateway – Configure the IP

address as the authentication agent.

l For a Cluster – Configure these IP addresses as

authentication agents: Physical IP address of each

Cluster Member and Cluster Virtual IP address.
l For a VSX Virtual System on a specific VSX Gateway

– Configure these IP addresses as authentication

agents: IP address of the VSX Gateway and IP address
of the Virtual System.
l For a VSX Virtual System on VSX Cluster – Configure

these IP addresses as authentication agents: Cluster

Virtual IP address of the VSX Cluster and Cluster Virtual
IP address of the Virtual System.
b. Open the SecurID object in SmartConsole, click Browse and import the
sdconf.rec file into the SecurID object.
c. Install policy.

Note - During the policy installation, the sdconf.rec file is

transferred the Security Gateway to /var/ace/sdconf.rec.

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n REST API

To enable SecurID authentication over REST API

a. Connect to the command line on the Security Gateway.
b. Log in to the Expert mode.
c. On a VSX Gateway or VSX Cluster Member, go to the context of VSID 0:
vsenv 0

d. Back up the current $CPDIR/conf/RSARestServer.conf file:

cp -v $CPDIR/conf/RSARestServer.conf{,_BKP}

e. Edit the $CPDIR/conf/RSARestServer.conf file.

Fill in these fields:
l host - The configured host name of the RSA server.
l port, client key, and accessid - From the RSA SecurID
Authentication API window.
l certificate - The name of the certificate file.
f. Save the changes in the file and exit the editor.

Note - If you do not complete the REST API configuration, the authentication is
performed through the SDK-supported API.

2. Configure user groups

a. In SmartConsole, open the Object Explorer (F11).

b. Click New > More > User/Identity > User Group.
The New User Group window opens.
c. Enter the name of the group, for example SecurID_Users.
Make sure the group is empty.
d. Click OK.
e. Publish the SmartConsole session.
f. Install the policy.

3. Create a new user and define SecurID as the authentication method

This configuration procedure is different for internal users (that are defined in SmartConsole) and
for external users.
To configure SecurID authentication settings for internal users

Internal users are users that you configure in SmartConsole. The Security Management Server
keeps these users in the management database.

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a. In SmartConsole, open the Object Explorer (F11).

b. Click New > More > User/Identity > User.
The New User window opens.
c. Choose a template.
d. Click OK.
e. In the General page:
n Enter a default Name. This name is used to authenticate users by the
Authentication Manager.
n Set the Expiration date.
f. In the Authentication page, from the Authentication Method drop-down list, select
SecurID.
g. Click OK.

To configure SecurID authentication settings for external users

External users are users that are you configure the Legacy SmartDashboard. The Security
Management Server does not keep these users in the management database.
a. In SmartConsole, click Manage & Settings > Blades.
b. In the Mobile Access section, click Configure in SmartDashboard.
Legacy SmartDashboard opens.
c. In the bottom left Network Objects pane, and click Users.

d. Right-click on an empty space and select the applicable option:

n If you support only one external authentication scheme, select New > External
User Profile > Match all users.
n If you support more than one external authentication scheme, select New >
External User Profile > Match by domain.

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e. Configure the External User Profile properties:

i. General Properties page:
n If selected Match all users, then configure:
l In the External User Profile name field, leave the default name
generic*.
l In the Expiration Date field, set the applicable date.
n If selected Match by domain, then configure:
l In the External User Profile name field, enter the applicable name.
This name is used to authenticate users by the Authentication
Manager.
l In the Expiration Date field, set the applicable date.
l In the Domain Name matching definitions section, configure the
applicable settings.
ii. Authentication page:
From the Authentication Scheme drop-down list, select SecurID.
iii. Click OK.
f. From the top toolbar, click Update (or press the CTRL S keys).
g. Close the Legacy SmartDashboard.

4. Complete the SecurID authentication configuration

a. Make sure that connections between the Security Gateway and the Authentication Manager
are not NATed in the Address Translation Rule Base.
On a Virtual System, follow the instructions in sk107281.
b. Save, verify, and install the policy in SmartConsole.
When a Security Gateway has multiple interfaces, the SecurID agent on the Security Gateway
sometimes uses the wrong interface IP to decrypt the reply from the Authentication Manager, and
authentication fails.
To overcome this problem, place a new text file, named sdopts.rec in the same directory as
sdconf.rec.
The file should contain this line:

CLIENT_IP=<IP Address>

Where <IP Address> is the primary IP address of the Security Gateway, as defined on the
Authentication Manager. This is the IP address of the interface, to which the server is routed.
Example:
CLIENT_IP=192.168.20.30

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Note - On a VSX Gateway and VSX Cluster Members, you must create the
same sdopts.rec file in the context VSID 0 and in the context of each
applicable Virtual System.

Access Roles
Access Role objects let you configure network access according to:
n Networks
n Users and user groups
n Computers and computer groups
n Remote Access VPN clients (supported for Security Gateways R80.10 and higher)
After you activate the Identity Awareness Software Blade, you can create access role objects and use them
in the Source and Destination columns of Access Control Policy rules.
For more information, see the R81.20 Identity Awareness Administration Guide.

Adding Access Roles

Important - Before you add Active Directory users, machines, or groups to an Access
Role, make sure there is LDAP connectivity between the Security Management Server
and the AD Server that holds the management directory. The management directory is
defined on the Objects Management tab in the Properties window of the LDAP
Account Unit.

To create an Access Role

1. In the object tree, click New> More > Users > Access Role.
The New Access Role window opens.
2. Enter a Name for the access role.
3. Enter a Comment (optional).
4. Select a Color for the object (optional).
5. In the Networks pane, select one of these:
n Any network
n Specific networks - For each network, click and select the network from the list
6. In the Users pane, select one of these:
n Any user
n All identified users - includes any user identified by a supported authentication method
(internal users, Active Directory users, or LDAP users).
n Specific users/groups - For each user or user group, click and select the user or the
group from the list
7. In the Machines pane, select one of these:

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n Any machine
n All identified machines - includes machines identified by a supported authentication
method (Active Directory).
n Specific machines - For each machine, click and select the machine from the list
8. In the Remote Access Clients pane, select the clients for remote access.
9. Click OK.
Identity Awareness engine automatically recognizes changes to LDAP group membership and updates
identity information, including access roles.

User Directory
The Check Point User Directory stores user-specific information.

Note - User Directory requires a special license. If you have the Mobile Access Software
Blade, you have the User Directory license.

The User Directory lets you:

n Configure High Availability, to duplicate user data across multiple servers for backup.
See "Account Units and High Availability" on page 139.
n Configure Multiple Account Units, for distributed databases.
n Define LDAP Account Units, for encrypted User Directory connections.
See "Modifying the LDAP Server" on page 138.
n Configure Profiles, to support multiple LDAP vendors.
See "User Directory Profiles" on page 116.

User Directory Considerations

Before you begin, plan your use of User Directory.
n Decide whether to use the User Directory servers for user management, CRL retrieval, user
authentication, or all of those.
See "Working with LDAP Account Units" on page 134.
n Decide how many Account Units you need.
You can have one for each User Directory server, or you can divide branches of one User Directory
server among different Account Units.
See "Account Units" on page 133.
n Decide whether to use High Availability setup.
See "Account Units and High Availability" on page 139.
n Determine the order of priority among the User Directory servers for High Availability and querying
purposes.
See "Setting High Availability Priority" on page 140.

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n Assign users to different Account Units, branches, and sub-branches, so that users with common
attributes (such as their role in the organization, permissions, an so on) are grouped together.
See "Managing Users on a User Directory Server" on page 127.

Deploying User Directory

User Directory integrates the Security Management Server and an LDAP server and lets the Security
Gateways use the LDAP information.

Item Description

1 Security Gateway - Retrieves LDAP user information and CRLs

2 Internet

3 Security Gateway - Queries LDAP user information, retrieves CRLs, and does bind operations
for authentication

4 Security Management Server - Uses User Directory to manage user information

5 LDAP server - Server that holds one or more Account Units

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Enabling User Directory

In SmartConsole, enable the Security Management Server to manage users in the Account Unit. See
"Working with LDAP Account Units" on page 134.

Note - You cannot use the SmartConsole User Database when the User Directory LDAP
server is enabled.

To enable User Directory on the Security Management Server

1. From the Menu, select Global Properties > User Directory.

The User Directory page opens.
2. Select Use User Directory for Security Gateways.
3. Configure login and password settings.
4. Click OK.
5. In the Gateways & Servers view (Ctrl+1), open the Security Management Server object for editing
6. On General Properties page, Management tab, select Network Policy Management and User
Directory.
7. Click OK.
8. Install the policy.

User Directory Schema for LDAP

The User Directory default schema is a description of the structure of the data in a user directory.
It has user definitions defined for an LDAP server.
This schema does not have Security Management Server or Security Gateway specific data, such as IKE-
related attributes, authentication methods, or values for remote users.
You can use the default User Directory schema, if all users have the same authentication method and are
defined according to a default template.
But if users in the database have different definitions, it is better to apply a Check Point schema to the LDAP
server.
See "User Directory Schema for LDAP" above.
The Check Point Schema adds Security Management Server and Security Gateway specific data to the
structure in the LDAP server.
Use the Check Point Schema to extend the definition of objects with user authentication functionality.
For example, an Object Class entitled fw1Person is part of the Check Point schema.
This Object Class has mandatory and optional attributes to add to the definition of the Person attribute.
Another example is fw1Template.This is a standalone attribute that defines a template of user information.

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Schema Checking

When schema checking is enabled, User Directory requires that every Check Point object class and its
associated attributes is defined in the directory schema.
Before you work with User Directory, make sure that schema checking is disabled. Otherwise the integration
will fail.
After the Check Point object classes and attributes are applied to the User Directory server's schema, you
must enable schema checking again.

OID Proprietary Attributes

Each of the proprietary object classes and attributes (all of which begin with "fw1") has a proprietary Object
Identifier (OID), listed below.
Object Class OIDs

object class OID

fw1template 1.3.114.7.4.2.0.1

fw1person 1.3.114.7.4.2.0.2

The OIDs for the proprietary attributes begin with the same prefix ("1.3.114.7.4.2.0.X").
Only the value of "X" is different for each attribute.
See "User Directory Schema Attributes" below.

User Directory Schema Attributes

cn

The entry's name.

This is also referred to as "Common Name".
For users this can be different from the uid attribute, the name used to login to the Security Gateway.
This attribute is also used to build the User Directory entry's distinguished name, that is, it is the RDN of
the DN.

uid

The user's login name, that is, the name used to login to the Security Gateway.
This attribute is passed to the external authentication system in all authentication methods except for
"Internal Password", and must be defined for all these authentication methods.
The login name is used by the Security Management Server to search the User Directory server(s).
For this reason, each user entry should have its own unique UID value.
It is also possible to login to the Security Gateway using the full DN.
The DN can be used when there is an ambiguity with this attribute or in "Internal Password" when this
attribute may be missing.

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The DN can also be used when the same user (with the same uid) is defined in more than one Account
Unit on different User Directory servers.

description

Descriptive text about the user.

The default is "no value".

mail

User's email address.

The default is "no value".

member

An entry can have zero or more values for this attribute.

n In a template: The DN of user entries using this template. DNs that are not users (object classes
that are not one of: "person", "organizationalPerson", "inetOrgPerson", or
"fw1person") are ignored.
n In a group: The DN of user.

userPassword

Must be given if the authentication method (fw1auth-method) is "Internal Password". The value can be
hashed using "crypt". In this case the syntax of this attribute is:
"{crypt}xxyyyyyyyyyyy"

where:
n "xx" is the "salt"
n "yyyyyyyyyyy" is the hashed password
It is possible (but not recommended) to store the password without hashing. However, if hashing is
specified in the User Directory server, you should not specify hashing here, in order to prevent the
password from being hashed twice. You should also use SSL in this case, to prevent sending an
unencrypted password.
The Security Gateway never reads this attribute, though it does write it. Instead, the User Directory bind
operation is used to verify a password.

fw1authmethod

One of these:
n RADIUS
n TACACS
n SecurID
n OS Password
n Defender

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This default value for this attribute is overridden by Default authentication scheme in the Authentication
tab of the Account Unit window in SmartConsole.
For example: a User Directory server can contain User Directory entries that are all of the object-class
"person" even though the proprietary object-class "fw1person" was not added to the server's schema.
If Default authentication scheme in SmartConsole is "Internal Password", all the users will be
authenticated using the password stored in the "userPassword" attribute.

fw1authserver

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

1 y y "undefined"

The name of the server that will do the authentication.

This field must be given if fw1auth-method is "RADIUS" or "TACACS".
For all other values of fw1auth-method, it is ignored. Its meaning is given below:

method meaning

RADIUS name of a RADIUS server, a group of RADIUS servers, or "Any"

TACACS name of a TACACS server

"X" in OID fw1template

2 y

fw1pwdLastMod

The date on which the password was last modified.

The format is yyyymmdd (for example, 20 August 1998 is 19980820).
A password can be modified through the Security Gateway as a part of the authentication process.

"X" in
fw1person fw1template default
OID

3 y y If no value is given, then the password has never

been modified.

fw1expiration-date

The last date on which the user can login to a Security Gateway, or "no value" if there is no expiration
date.
The format is yyyymmdd (for example, 20 August 1998 is 19980820).
The default is "no value".

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"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

8 y y "no value"

fw1hour-range-from

The time from which the user can login to a Security Gateway.
The format is hh:mm (for example, 8:15 AM is 08:15).

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

9 y y "00:00"

fw1hour-range-to

The time until which the user can login to a Security Gateway.
The format is hh:mm (for example, 8:15 AM is 08:15).

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

10 y y "23:59"

fw1day

The days (of week) on which the user can login to a Security Gateway.
Can have the values "SUN","MON", and so on.

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

11 y y all days of the week

fw1allowed-src

The names of one or more network objects from which the user can run a client, or "Any" to remove this
limitation, or "no value" if there is no such client.
The names should match the name of network objects defined in Security Management Server.

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

12 y y "no value"

fw1allowed-dst

The names of one or more network objects which the user can access, or "Any" to remove this limitation,
or "no value" if there is no such network object.
The names should match the name of network objects defined on the Security Management Server.

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"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

13 y y "no value"

fw1allowed-vlan

Not currently used.

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

14 y y "no value"

fw1SR-keym

The algorithm used to encrypt the session key in SecuRemote.

Can be "CLEAR", "FWZ1", "DES", or "Any".

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

15 y y "Any"

fw1SR-datam

The algorithm used to encrypt the data in SecuRemote.

Can be "CLEAR", "FWZ1", "DES", or "Any".

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

16 y y "Any"

fw1SR-mdm

The algorithm used to sign the data in SecuRemote.

Can be "none" or "MD5".

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

17 y y "none"

fw1enc-fwz-expiration

The number of minutes after which a SecuRemote user must re-authenticate himself or herself to the
Security Gateway.

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template

18 y y

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fw1sr-auth-track

The exception to generate on successful authentication via SecuRemote.

Can be "none", "cryptlog", or "cryptalert".

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

19 y y "none"

fw1groupTemplate

This flag is used to resolve a problem related to group membership.

The group membership of a user is stored in the group entries to which it belongs, in the user entry itself,
or in both entries.
Therefore there is no clear indication in the user entry if information from the template about group
relationship should be used.
If this flag is "TRUE", then the user is taken to be a member of all the groups to which the template is a
member.
This is in addition to all the groups in which the user is directly a member.

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

20 y y "False"

fw1ISAKMP-EncMethod

The key encryption methods for SecuRemote users using IKE.

This can be one or more of: "DES", "3DES".
A user using IKE (formerly known as ISAMP) may have both methods defined.

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

21 y y "DES", "3DES"

fw1ISAKMP-AuthMethods

The allowed authentication methods for SecuRemote users using IKE, (formerly known as ISAMP).
This can be one or more of: "preshared", "signatures".

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

22 y y "signatures"

fw1ISAKMP-HashMethods

The data integrity method for SecuRemote users using IKE, (formerly known as ISAMP).
This can be one or more of: "MD5", "SHA1".

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A user using IKE must have both methods defined.

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

23 y y "MD5", "SHA1"

fw1ISAKMP-Transform

The IPSec Transform method for SecuRemote users using IKE, (formerly known as ISAMP).
This can be one of: "AH", "ESP".

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

24 y y "ESP"

fw1ISAKMP-DataIntegrityMethod

The data integrity method for SecuRemote users using IKE, (formerly known as ISAMP).
This can be one of: "MD5", "SHA1".

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

25 y y "SHA1"

fw1ISAKMP-SharedSecret

The pre-shared secret for SecuRemote users using IKE, (formerly known as ISAMP).
The value can be calculated using the fw ikecrypt command line.

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template

26 y y

fw1ISAKMP-DataEncMethod

fw1ISAKMP-DataEncMethod
The data encryption method for SecuRemote users using IKE, (formerly known as ISAMP).

"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

27 y y "DES"

fw1enc-Methods

The encryption method allowed for SecuRemote users.

This can be one or more of: "FWZ", "ISAKMP" (meaning IKE).

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"X" in OID fw1person fw1template default

28 y y "FWZ"

fw1userPwdPolicy

Defines when and by whom the password should and can be changed.

"X" in OID fw1person

29 y

fw1badPwdCount

Number of allowed wrong passwords entered sequentially.

"X" in OID fw1person

30 y

fw1lastLoginFailure

Time of the last login failure.

"X" in OID fw1person

31 4

memberof template

DN of the template that the user is a member of.

"X" in OID fw1person

33 4

Netscape LDAP Schema

To add the propriety schema to your Netscape directory server, use the
$FWDIR/lib/ldap/schema.ldif file.

Important - This deletes the object class definition from the schema and adds the
updated one in its place.

We recommend that you back up the User Directory server before you run the command.
The ldif file:

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n Adds the new attributes to the schema

n Deletes old definitions of fw1person and fw1template
n Adds new definitions of fw1person and fw1template
To change the Netscape LDAP schema, run the ldapmodify command with the schema.ldif file.
Note - On some server versions, the delete objectclass operation can return an error, even if it was
successful. Use ldapmodify with the -c (continuous) option.

User Directory Profiles

The User Directory profile is a configurable LDAP policy that lets you define more exact User Directory
requests and enhances communication with the server.
Profiles control most of the LDAP server-specific knowledge. You can manage diverse technical
solutions, to integrate LDAP servers from different vendors.
Use User Directory profiles to make sure that the user management attributes of a Security Management
Server are correct for its associated LDAP server.
For example, if you have a certified OPSEC User Directory server, apply the OPSEC_DS profile to get
enhanced OPSEC-specific attributes.
LDAP servers have difference object repositories, schemas, and object relations.
n The organization's user database may have unconventional object types and relations because of
a specific application.
n Some applications use the cn attribute in the User object's Relatively Distinguished Name (RDN)
while others use uid.
n In Microsoft Active Directory, the user attribute memberOf describes which group the user belongs
to, while standard LDAP methods define the member attribute in the group object itself.
n Different servers implement different storage formats for passwords.
n Some servers are considered v3 but do not implement all v3 specifications. These servers cannot
extend the schema.
n Some LDAP servers already have built in support for certain user data, while others require a
Check Point schema extended attribute.
For example, Microsoft Active Directory has the accountExpires user attribute, but other
servers require the Check Point attribute fw1expirationdate, which is part of the Check Point
defined fw1person objectclass.
n Some servers allow queries with non-defined types, while others do not.

Default User Directory Profiles

These profiles are defined by default:

n OPSEC_DS - the default profile for a standard OPSEC certified User Directory.
n Netscape_DS - the profile for a Netscape Directory Server.
n Novell_DS - the profile for a Novell Directory Server.
n Microsoft_AD - the profile for Microsoft Active Directory.

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Modifying User Directory Profiles

Profiles have these major categories:

n Common - Profile settings for reading and writing to the User Directory.
n Read - Profile settings only for reading from the User Directory.
n Write - Profile settings only for writing to the User Directory.
Some of these categories list the same entry with different values, to let the server behave according to
type of operation. You can change certain parameters of the default profiles for finer granularity and
performance tuning.

To apply a profile:
1. Open the Account Unit.
2. Select the profile.

To change a profile:
1. Create a new profile.
2. Copy the settings of a User Directory profile into the new profile.
3. Change the values.

Fetch User Information Effectively

User Directory servers organize groups and members through different means and relations. User Directory
operations are performed by Check Point on users, groups of users, and user templates where the template
is defined as a group entry and users are its members. The mode in which groups/templates and users are
defined has a profound effect on the performance of some of the Check Point functionality when fetching
user information. There are three different modes:
n Defining a "Member" attribute per member, or "Member" user-to-group membership mode. In this
case, each member of a specific group gets the 'Member" attribute, where the value of this attribute is
the DN of that member.
n Defining a "Memberof" attribute per group, or "MemberOf" user-to-group membership mode. In this
case, each group gets the "Memberof" attribute per group, where the value of this attribute is the DN
of a group entry. This is referred to as "MemberOf" user-to-group membership mode.
n Defining a "Memberof" attribute per member and group, or "Both" user-to-group membership mode.
In this case both members and groups are given the "Memberof" attribute.
The most effective mode is the "MemberOf" and "Both" modes where users' group membership information
is available on the user itself and no additional User Directory queries are necessary.

Setting User-to-Group Membership Mode

Set the user-to-group membership mode in the profile objects for each User Directory server in the
objects_5_0.C file.
n To specify the user-to-group and template-to-group membership mode set the GroupMembership
attribute to one of the following values: "Member", "MemberOf", "Both" accordingly.

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n To specify the user-to-template membership mode set the TemplateMembership attribute to one of
the following values: "Member", "MemberOf" accordingly.
After successfully converting the database, set the User Directory server profile in the objects_5_0.C file
to the proper membership setting and start the Security Management Server.
Make sure to install policy/user database on all Security Gateways to enable the new configuration.

Profile Attributes

UserLoginAttr

The unique username User Directory attribute (uid).

In addition, when fetching users by the username, this attribute is used for query.

Default Other

n uid (most servers) One value allowed

n SamAccountName (in
Microsoft_AD)

UserPasswordAttr

This user password is User Directory attribute.

Default Other

n userPassword (most One value allowed

servers)
n unicodePwd (in
Microsoft_AD)

TemplateObjectClass

The object class for Check Point User Directory templates.

If you change the default value with another object-class, make sure to extend that objectclass schema
definition with relevant attributes from fw1template.

default Other

fw1template Multiple values allowed

ExpirationDateAttr

The account expiration date is User Directory attribute.

This could be a Check Point extended attribute or an existing attribute.

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Default Other

n fw1expiration-date (most One value allowed

servers)
n accountExpires (in
Microsoft_AD)

ExpirationDateFormat

Expiration date format.

This format will be applied to the value defined at ExpirationDateAttr.

Default Other

CP format is yyyymmdd One value allowed

PsswdDateFormat

The format of the password modified date is User Directory attribute.

This formation will be applied to the value defined at PsswdDateAttr.

Default Other

n CP (most servers) format is One value allowed

yyyymmdd
n MS (in Microsoft_AD)

PsswdDateAttr

The password last modified date is User Directory attribute.

Default Other

n fw1pwdLastMod (most One value allowed

servers)
n pwdLastSet (in
Microsoft_AD)

BadPwdCountAttr

User Directory attribute to store and read bad password authentication count.

Default Other

fw1BadPwdCount One value allowed

ClientSideCrypt

If 0, the sent password will not be encrypted.

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If 1, the sent password will be encrypted with the algorithm specified in the DefaultCryptAlgorithm.

Default Other

n 0 for most servers One value allowed

n 1 for Netscape_DS
if not using encrypted password, SSL is recommended

DefaultCryptAlgorith

The algorithm used to encrypt a password before updating the User Directory server with a new
password.

Default Other

n Plain (for most One value allowed

servers)
n Crypt (for
Netscape_DS)
n SHAI1

CryptedPasswordPrefix

The text to prefix to the encrypted password when updating the User Directory server with a modified
password.

Default Other

{Crypt} (for Netscape_DS) One value allowed

PhoneNumberAttr

User Directory attribute to store and read the user phone number.

Default Other

internationalisednumber One value allowed

AttributesTranslationMap

General purpose attribute translation map, to resolve problems related to peculiarities of different server
types.
For example, an X.500 server does not allow the "-" character in an attribute name.
To enable the Check Point attributes containing "-", specify a translation entry: (e.g., "fw1-expiration
=fw1expiration").

Default Other

none Multiple values allowed

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ListOfAttrsToAvoid

All attribute names listed here will be removed from the default list of attributes included in read/write
operations.
This is most useful in cases where these attributes are not supported by the User Directory server
schema, which might fail the entire operation.
This is especially relevant when the User Directory server schema is not extended with the Check Point
schema extension.

Default Other

There are no values by default. Multiple values

In case the User Directory server was not extended by the Check Point allowed
schema,
the best thing to do is to list here all the new Check Point schema attributes.

BranchObjectClass

Use this attribute to define which type of objects (objectclass) is queried when the object tree branches
are displayed after the Account Unit is opened in SmartConsole.

Default Other

n Organization OrganizationalUnit Domain (most Multiple values allowed

servers)
n Container (extra for Microsoft_AD)

BranchOCOperator

If "One" is set, an "OR"ed query will be sent and every object that matches the criteria will be displayed
as a branch.
If "All" is set, an "AND"ed query will be sent and only objects of all types will be displayed.

Default Other

One One value allowed

OrganizationObjectClass

This attribute defines what objects should be displayed with an organization object icon.
A new object type specified here should also be in BranchObjectClass.

Default Other

organization Multiple values allowed

OrgUnitObjectClass

This attribute defines what objects should be displayed with an organization object icon.

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A new object type specified here should also be in BranchObjectClass.

Default Other

n organizationalUnit (most Multiple values allowed

servers)
n Contained (added to
Microsoft_AD)

DomainObjectClass

This attribute defines what objects should be displayed with a Domain object icon.
A new object type specified here should also be in BranchObjectClass.

Default Other

Domain Multiple values allowed

UserObjectClass

This attribute defines what objects should be read as user objects.

The user icon will be displayed on the tree for object types specified here.

Default Other

n User (in Microsoft_AD) Multiple values allowed

n Person
OrganizationalPerson
InertOrgPerson
FW1 Person (most
servers)

UserOCOperator

If "One" is set, an "OR"ed query will be sent and every object that matches one of the types will be
displayed as a user.
If "All" is set, an "AND"ed query will be sent and only objects of all types will be displayed.

Default Other

One One value allowed

GroupObjectClass

This attribute defines what objects should be read as groups.

The group icon will be displayed on the tree for objects of types specified here.

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Default Other

n Groupofnames Multiple values allowed

n Groupofuniquenames (most
servers)
n Group
n Groupofnames (in Microsoft_
AD)

GroupOCOperator

If "One" is set, an "OR"ed query will be sent and every object that matches one of the types will be
displayed as a user.
If "All" is set, an "AND"ed query will be sent and only objects of all types will be displayed.

Default Other

One One value allowed

GroupMembership

Defines the relationship Mode between the group and its members (user or template objects) when
reading group membership.

Default Other

n Member mode defines the member DN in the Group object (most One value allowed
servers)
n MemberOf mode defines the group DN in the member object (in
Microsoft_AD)
n Modes define member DN in Group object and group DN in Member
object.

UserMembershipAttr

Defines what User Directory attribute to use when reading group membership from the user or template
object if GroupMembership mode is 'MemberOf' or 'Both' you may be required to extend the
user/template object schema in order to use this attribute.

Default Other

MemberOf One value allowed

TemplateMembership

Defines the user to template membership mode when reading user template membership information.

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Default Other

n Member mode defines the member DN in the Group object (most One value allowed
servers)
n MemberOf mode defines the group DN in the member object (in
Microsoft_AD)

TemplateMembershipAttr

Defines which attribute to use when reading the User members from the template object, as User DNs, if
the TemplateMembership mode is Member.

Default Other

member Multiple values allowed

UserTemplateMembershipAttr

Defines which attribute to use when reading from the User object the template DN associated with the
user, if the TemplateMembership mode is MemberOf.

Default Other

member Multiple values allowed

OrganizationRDN

This value will be used as the attribute name in the Relatively Distinguished Name (RDN) when you
create a new organizational unit in SmartConsole.

Default Other

o One value allowed

OrgUnitRDN

This value is used as the attribute name in the Relatively Distinguished Name (RDN) when you create a
new organizational Unit in SmartConsole.

Default Other

ou One value allowed

UserRDN

This value is used as the attribute name in the Relatively Distinguished Name (RDN), when you create a
new User object in SmartConsole.

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Default Other

cn One value allowed

GroupRDN

This value is used as the attribute name for the RDN, when you create a new Group object in
SmartConsole.

Default Other

cn One value allowed

DomainRDN

This value is used as the attribute name for the RDN, when you create a new Domain object in
SmartConsole.

Default Other

dc One value allowed

AutomaticAttrs

This field is relevant when you create objects in SmartConsole.

The format of this field is Objectclass:name:value. Therefore, if the object created is of type
ObjectClass, additional attributes is included in the created object with name 'name' and value
'value'.

Default Other

user:userAccountControl:66048 Multiple
For Microsoft_AD This means that when a user object is created an extra attribute is values
included automatically: userAccountControl with the value 66048 allowed

GroupObjectClass

This field is used when you modify a group in SmartConsole.

The format of this field is ObjectClass:memberattr meaning that for each group objectclass there is a
group membership attribute mapping.
List here all the possible mappings for this User Directory server profile.
When a group is modified, based on the group's objectclass the right group membership mapping is
used.

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Default Other

n groupOfNames:member Multiple values allowed

n groupOfUniqueNames:uniqueMember
(All other servers)

OrgUnitObjectClass

This determines which ObjectClass to use when creating/modifying an OrganizationalUnit object.

These values can be different from the read counterpart.

Default Other

OrganizationalUnit Multiple values allowed

OrganizationObjectClass

This determines which ObjectClass to use when creating and/or modifying an Organization object.
These values can be different from the read counterpart.

Default Other

Organization Multiple values allowed

UserObjectClass

This determines which ObjectClass to use when creating and/or modifying a user object.
These values can be different from the read counterpart.

Default Other

n User (in Microsoft_AD) Multiple values allowed

n person
n organizationalPerson
n inetOrgPerson
n fw1Person
n (All other servers)

DomainObjectClass

Determines which ObjectClass to use when creating and/or modifying a domain context object.
These values can be different from the read counterpart.

Default Other

Domain Multiple values allowed

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Managing Users on a User Directory Server

Managing Users on a User Directory Server
In SmartConsole, users and user groups in the Account Unit show in the same tree structure as on the
LDAP server.
n To see User Directory users, open Users and Administrators. The LDAP Groups folder holds the
structure and accounts of the server.
n You can change the User Directory templates. Users associated with this template get the changes
immediately. If you change user definitions manually in SmartConsole, the changes are immediate on
the server.

Distributing Users in Multiple Servers

The users of an organization can be distributed across several LDAP servers. Each LDAP server must be
represented by a separate Account Unit.

Managing LDAP Information

User Directory lets you use SmartDashboard to manage information about users and OUs (Organizational
Units) that are stored on the LDAP server.
To manage LDAP information from SmartDashboard

1. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Blades.

2. Click Configure in SmartDashboard.
SmartDashboard opens.
3. From the object tree, select Servers and OPSEC.
4. Double-click the Account Unit.
The LDAP domain object opens.
5. Double-click the LDAP branch.
The Security Management Server queries the LDAP server and SmartDashboard shows the
LDAP objects.
6. Expand the Objects List pane.
Example:

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7. Double-click the LDAP object.

The Objects List pane shows the user information.
8. Right-click a user and select Edit.
The LDAP User Properties window opens.
9. Edit the user information and settings. Click OK.

LDAP Groups for the User Directory

Create LDAP groups for the User Directory. These groups classify users according to type and can be used
in Policy rules. You can add users to groups, or you can create dynamic filters.
To create LDAP groups for User Directory

1. In SmartConsole, open Object Categories > New > More > Users > LDAP group.
2. In the New LDAP Group window that opens, select the Account Unit for the User Directory group.
3. Define Group's Scope - select one of these:
n All Account-Unit's Users - All users in the group
n Only Sub Tree - Users in the specified branch
n Only Group in branch - Users in the branch with the specified DN prefix
4. Apply an advanced LDAP filter:
a. Click Apply filter for dynamic group.
b. Enter the filter criteria.
5. Click OK.
Examples:
n If the User objects for managers in your organization have the object class "myOrgManager",
define the Managers group with the filter: objectclass=myOrgManagers

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n If users in your organization have an e-mail address ending with us.org.com, you can define the
US group with the filter: mail=*us.org.com

Retrieving Information from a User Directory Server

When a Security Gateway requires user information for authentication, it goes through this process:
1. The Security Gateway searches for the user in the internal management database.
2. If the specified user is not defined in the internal management database, the Security Gateway
queries the LDAP server defined in the Account Unit with the highest priority.
3. If the query against an LDAP server with the highest priority fails (for example, the connection is lost),
the Security Gateway queries the server with the next highest priority.
If there is more than one Account Unit, the Account Units are queried concurrently. The results of the
query are taken from the first Account Unit to meet the conditions, or from all the Account Units which
meet the conditions.
4. If the query against all LDAP servers fails, the Security Gateway matches the user against the generic
external user profile..

Running User Directory Queries

Use queries to get User Directory user or group data. For best performance, query Account Units when
there are open connections. Some connections are kept open by the Security Gateways, to make sure the
user belongs to a group that is permitted to do a specified operation.
To query User Directory

1. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Blades.

2. Click Configure in SmartDashboard.
SmartDashboard opens.
3. In the Objects Tree, click Users.
4. Double-click the Account Unit to open a connection to the LDAP server.
5. Right-click the Account Unit and select Query Users/Group.
The LDAP Query Search window opens.
Click Advanced to select specified objects types, such as Users, groups, or templates.
6. Define the query.
7. To add more conditions, select or enter the values and click Add.
Query conditions:
n Attributes - Select a user attribute from the drop-down list, or enter an attribute.
n Operators - Select an operator from the drop-down list.
n Value - Enter a value to compare to the entry's attribute. Use the same type and format as the
actual user attribute. For example, if Attribute is fw1expiration-date, then Value must be in the
yyyymmdd syntax.

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n Free Form - Enter your own query expression. See RFC 1558 for information about the syntax of
User Directory (LDAP) query expressions.
n Add - Appends the condition to the query (in the text box to the right of Search Method).
Example of a Query

If you create a query where:

n Attributes=mail
n Contains
n Value=Andy
The server queries the User Directory with this filter:

filter:(&(|(objectclass=fw1person)(objectclass=person)
(objectclass=organizationalPerson)(objectclass=inetOrgPerson))
(|(cn=Brad)(mail=*Andy*)))

Querying Multiple LDAP Servers

The Security Management Server and the Security Gateways can work with multiple LDAP servers
concurrently. For example, if a Security Gateway needs to find user information, and it does not know where
the specified user is defined, it queries all the LDAP servers in the system. (Sometimes a Security Gateway
can find the location of a user by looking at the user DN, when working with certificates.)

Configuring Administrators and Users on an

External LDAP Server
Check Point's environment integrates LDAP and other external management technologies with the Check
Point solution.
If you have a large administrator and user count, we recommend that you use an external database such as
LDAP for enhanced Security Management Server performance.
n You can manage administrators and users externally by an LDAP server.
n The Security Gateways can retrieve CRLs.
n The Security Management Server can use the LDAP data to authenticate administrators and users.
n Administrator and user data from other applications gathered in the LDAP database can be shared by
different applications.
You can select to manage Domains on the Check Point management database, or to implement an external
LDAP server.

Microsoft Active Directory

The Microsoft Windows 2000 advanced server (or later) includes a sophisticated User Directory server that
can be adjusted to work as a user database for the Security Management Server.
By default, the Active Directory services are disabled. In order to enable the directory services:

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n run the dcpromo command from the Start > Run menu, or
n run the Active Directory setup wizard using the System Configuration window.
The Active Directory has the following structure:

DC=qa, DC=checkpoint,DC=com
CN=Configuration,DCROOT
CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DCROOT
CN=System,DCROOT
CN=Users,DCROOT
CN=Builtin,DCROOT
CN=Computers,DCOOT
OU=Domain Controllers,DCROOT
...

Most of the user objects and group objects created by Windows 2000 tools are stored under the CN=Users,
DCROOT branch, others under CN=Builtin, DCROOT branch, but these objects can be created under
other branches as well.
The branch CN=Schema, CN=Configuration, DCROOT contains all schema definitions.
Check Point can take advantage of an existing Active Directory object as well as add new types. For users,
the existing user can be used "as is" or be extended with fw1person as an auxiliary of "User" for full feature
granularity. The existing Active Directory "Group" type is supported "as is". A User Directory template can be
created by adding the fw1template object-class. This information is downloaded to the directory using the
schema_microsoft_ad.ldif file (see "Adding New Attributes to the Active Directory" on the next page).

Performance
The number of queries performed on the directory server is significantly low with Active Directory. This is
achieved by having a different object relations model. The Active Directory group-related information is
stored inside the user object. Therefore, when fetching the user object no additional query is necessary to
assign the user with the group. The same is true for users and templates.

Manageability
SmartConsole allows the creation and management of existing and new objects. However, some specific
Active Directory fields are not enabled in SmartConsole.

Enforcement
It is possible to work with the existing Active Directory objects without extending the schema. This is made
possible by defining an Internal Template object and assigning it with the User Directory Account Unit
defined on the Active Directory server.
For example, if you wish to enable all users with IKE+Hybrid based on the Active Directory passwords,
create a new template with the IKE properties enabled and "Check Point password" as the authentication
method.

Updating the Registry Settings

To modify the Active Directory schema, add a new registry DWORD key named Schema Update
Allowed with the value different from zero under
HKLM\System\CurrentControlSet\Services\NTDS\Parameters.

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Delegating Control

Delegating control over the directory to a specific user or group is important since by default the
Administrator is not allowed to modify the schema or even manage directory objects through User Directory
protocol.
To delegate control over the directory

1. Display the Users and Computers Control console.

2. Right-click on the domain name displayed in the left pane and choose Delegate control from the
right-click menu.
The Delegation of Control wizard window is displayed.
3. Add an Administrator or another user from the System Administrators group to the list of users who
can control the directory.
4. Reboot the machine.

Extending the Active Directory Schema

Modify the file with the Active Directory schema, to use SmartConsole to configure the Active Directory
users.
To extend the Active Directory schema

1. From the Security Gateway, go to the directory of the schema file: $FWDIR/lib/ldap.
2. Copy schmea_microsoft_ad.ldif to the C:\ drive in the Active Directory server.
3. From Active Directory server, with a text editor open the schema file.
4. Find the value DOMAINNAME, and replace it with the name of your domain in LDIF format.
For example, the domain sample.checkpoint.com in LDIF format is:
DC=sample,DC=checkpoint,DC=com

5. Make sure that there is a dash character - at the end of the modify section.
This is an example of the modify section.

dn: CN=User,CN-
Schema,CN=Configuration,DC=sample,DC=checkpoint,DC=com
changetype: modify
add: auxiliaryClass
auxiliaryClass: 1.3.114.7.3.2.0.2
-

6. Run:
ldifde -i -f c:/schema_microsoft_ad.ldif

Adding New Attributes to the Active Directory

Below is the example in LDAP Data Interchange (LDIF) format that adds one attribute to the Microsoft Active
Directory:

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dn:CN=fw1auth-method,CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DCROOT
changetype: add
adminDisplayName: fw1auth-method
attributeID: 1.3.114.7.4.2.0.1
attributeSyntax: 2.5.5.4
cn: fw1auth-method
distinguishedName:
CN=fw1auth-method,CN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DCROOT
instanceType: 4
isSingleValued: FALSE
LDAPDisplayName: fw1auth-method
name: fw1auth-method
objectCategory:
CN=Attribute-Schema,CN=ConfigurationCN=Schema,CN=Configuration,DCROOT
ObjectClass: attributeSchema
oMSyntax: 20
rangeLower: 1
rangeUpper: 256
showInAdvancedViewOnly: TRUE

All Check Point attributes can be added in the same way.

The definitions of all attributes in LDIF format are contained in the schema_microsoft_ad.ldif file
located in the $FWDIR/lib/ldap directory.
Before attempting to run the ldapmodify command, edit schema_microsoft_ad.ldif and replace all
instances of DCROOT with the domain root of your organization. For example if your domain is
support.checkpoint.com, replace DCROOT with dc=support,dc=checkpoint,dc=com.
After modifying the file, run the ldapmodify command to load the file into the directory. For example if you
use the Administrator account of the dc=support,dc=checkpoint,dc=com domain the command
syntax will be as follows:

Note - A shell script is available for UNIX gateways. The script is at:
$FWDIR/lib/ldap/update_schema_microsoft_ad

ldapmodify -c -h support.checkpoint.com -D
cn=administrator,cn=users,dc=support,dc=checkpoint,dc=com" -w SeCrEt -f
$FWDIR/lib/ldap/schema_microsoft_ad.ldif

Account Units
An Account Unit represents branches of user information on one or more LDAP servers. The Account Unit is
the interface between the LDAP servers and the Security Management Server and Security Gateways.
You can have a number of Account Units representing one or more LDAP servers. Users are divided among
the branches of one Account Unit, or between different Account Units.
Note - When you enable the Identity Awareness and Mobile Access Software Blade ,
SmartConsole opens a First Time Configuration Wizard. The Active Directory
Integration window of this wizard lets you create a new AD Account Unit. After you
complete the wizard, SmartConsole creates the AD object and Account Unit.

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Working with LDAP Account Units

Use the LDAP Account Unit Properties window in SmartConsole to create a new or to edit an existing
Account Unit or to create a new one manually.

To create or edit an existing LDAP Account Unit:

1. n Create: In the Objects tab, click New > More > User/Identity > LDAP Account unit.
n Edit: In SmartConsole, open the Object Explorer (press the CTRL+E keys) > Users/Identities
> LDAP Account Units > Right-click the LDAP Account Unit and select Edit.
The LDAP Account Unit Properties window opens.
2. Edit the settings in these tabs:

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n General

Configure how the Security Management Server uses the Account Unit
These are the configuration fields in the General tab:
l Name - Name for the Account Unit
l Comment - Optional comment
l Color - Optional color associated with the Account Unit
l Profile - LDAP vendor
l Domain - Domain of the Active Directory servers, when the same user name is used
in multiple Account Units (this value is also necessary for AD Query and SSO)
l Prefix - Prefix for non-Active Directory servers, when the same user name is used in
multiple Account Units
l Account Unit usage - Select applicable options:
o CRL retrieval - The Security Management Server manages how the CA sends
information about revoked licenses to the Security Gateways
o User Management - The Security Management Server uses the user
information from this LDAP server (User Directory must be enabled on the
Security Management Server).

Note - LDAP SSO (Single Sign On) is only supported for

Account Unit objects that use User Management.

o Active Directory Query - This Active Directory server is used as an Identity

Awareness source.

Note - This option is only available if the Profile is set to

Microsoft_AD.

l Enable Unicode support - Encoding for LDAP user information in non-English

languages
l Active Directory SSO configuration - Click to configure Kerberos SSO for Active
Directory - Domain Name, Account Name, Password, and Ticket encryption
method

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n Servers

Manage LDAP servers that are used by this Account Unit. You can add, edit, or delete LDAP
server objects.
To configure an LDAP server for the Account Unit
a. To add a new server, click Add. To edit an existing one, select it from the table and
click Edit.
The LDAP Server Properties window opens.
b. From the Host drop-down menu, select the server object.
If necessary, create a new SmartConsole server object:
i. Click New.
ii. In the New Host window opens, enter the settings for the LDAP server.
iii. Click OK.
c. Enter the login credentials and the Default priority.
d. Select access permissions for the Check Point Gateways:
l Read data from this server
l Write data to this server
e. In the Encryption tab, configure the optional SSL encryption settings. To learn about
these settings, see the Help. Click ? or press F1 in the Encryption tab.
f. Click OK.

To remove an LDAP server from the Account Unit:

a. Select a server from the table.
b. Click Remove.
If all the configured servers use the same login credentials, you can modify those
simultaneously.

To configure the login credentials for all the servers simultaneously:

a. Click Update Account Credentials.
The Update Account to All Servers window opens.
b. Enter the login credentials.
c. Click OK.

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n Objects Management

Configure the LDAP server for the Security Management Server to query and the branches
to use

Note - Make sure there is LDAP connectivity between the Security

Management Server and the LDAP Server that holds the management
directory.

To configure LDAP query parameters:

a. From the Manage objects on drop-down menu, select the LDAP server object.
b. Click Fetch branches.
The Security Management Server queries and shows the LDAP branches.
c. Configure Branches in use:
l To add a branch, click Add and in the LDAP Branch Definition window that
opens, enter a new Branch Path
l To edit a branch, click Edit and in the LDAP Branch Definition window that
opens, modify the Branch Path
l To delete a branch, select it and click Delete
d. Select Prompt for password when opening this Account Unit, if necessary
(optional).
e. Configure the number of Return entries that are stored in the LDAP database (the
default is 500).

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n Authentication

Configure the authentication scheme for the Account Unit. These are the configuration fields
in the Authentication tab:
l Use common group path for queries - Select to use one path for all the LDAP group
objects (only one query is necessary for the group objects)
l Allowed authentication schemes - Select one or more authentication schemes
allowed to authenticate users in this Account Unit - Check Point Password, SecurID,
RADIUS, OS Password, or TACACS
l Users' default values - The default settings for new LDAP users:
o User template - Template that you created
o Default authentication scheme - one of the authentication schemes selected
in the Allowed authentication schemes section
l Limit login failures (optional):
o Lock user's account after - Number of login failures, after which the account
gets locked
o Unlock user's account after - Number of seconds, after which the locked
account becomes unlocked
l IKE pre-shared secret encryption key - Pre-shared secret key for IKE users in this
Account Unit

3. Click OK.
4. Install the Access Control Policy.

Configuring LDAP query parameters

1. From the Manage objects on drop-down menu, select the LDAP server object.
2. Click Fetch branches.
The Security Management Server queries and shows the LDAP branches.
3. Configure Branches in use:
n To add a branch, click Add and in the LDAP Branch Definition window that opens, enter a new
Branch Path
n To edit a branch, click Edit and in the LDAP Branch Definition window that opens, modify the
Branch Path
n To delete a branch, select it and click Delete
4. Select Prompt for password when opening this Account Unit, if necessary (optional).
5. Configure the number of Return entries that are stored in the LDAP database (the default is 500).

Modifying the LDAP Server

1. On the LDAP Account Unit Properties > Servers tab, double-click a server.
The LDAP Server Properties window opens.
2. On the General tab, you can change:

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n Port of the LDAP server

n Login DN
n Password
n Priority of the LDAP server, if there are multiple servers
n Security Gateway permissions on the LDAP server
3. On the Encryption tab, you can change the encryption settings between Security Management
Server / Security Gateways and LDAP server.
If the connections are encrypted, enter the encryption port and strength settings.
Note - User Directory connections can be authenticated by client certificates from
a Certificate Authority (CA). To use certificates, the LDAP server must be
configured with SSL strong authentication. See "Authenticating with Certificates"
on the next page.

Account Units and High Availability

With User Directory replications for High Availability, one Account Unit represents all the replicated User
Directory servers. For example, two User Directory server replications can be defined on one Account Unit,
and two Security Gateways can use the same Account unit.

Item Description

1 Security Management Server. Manages user data in User Directory. It has an Account Unit
object, where the two servers are defined.

2 User Directory server replication.

3 Security Gateway. Queries user data and retrieves CRLs from nearest User Directory server
replication (2).

4 Internet

5 Security Gateway. Queries user data and retrieves CRLs from nearest User Directory server
replication (6).

6 User Directory server replication.

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 Managing Administrator and User Accounts

Setting High Availability Priority

With multiple replications, define the priority of each LDAP server in the Account Unit. Then you can define a
server list on the Security Gateways.
Select one LDAP server for the Security Management Server to connect to. The Security Management
Server can work with one LDAP server replication. All other replications must be synchronized for standby.
To set priority on the Account Unit

1. Open the LDAP Account Unit Properties window.

2. Open the Servers tab.
3. Add the LDAP servers of this Account Unit in the order of the priority that you want.

Authenticating with Certificates

The Security Management Server and Security Gateways can use certificates to secure communication
with LDAP servers. If you do not configure certificates, the management server, Security Gateways, and
LDAP servers communicate without authentication.
To configure User Directory to use certificates

1. Close all SmartConsole windows connected to the Management Server.

2. On each Account Unit, to which you want to authenticate with a certificate, set the ldap_use_
cert_auth attribute to true:
a. Connect with Database Tool (GuiDBEdit Tool) (see sk13009) to the Management Server.
b. In the left pane, browse to Table > Managed Objects > servers.
c. In the right pane, select the Account Unit object.
d. In the bottom pane, search for the ldap_use_cert_auth attribute, and set it to true.
e. Save the changes and close Database Tool (GuiDBEdit Tool).
3. Connect with SmartConsole to the Management Server.
4. Add a CA object:
a. In the Object Explorer (F11), click New > More > Server > More > Trusted CA.
The Certificate Authority Properties window opens.
b. In Certificate Authority Type, select External Check Point CA.
c. Set the other options of the CA.
5. For all necessary network objects (such as Security Management Server, Security Gateway,
Policy Server) that require certificate-based User Directory connections:

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 Managing Administrator and User Accounts

a. On the IPSec VPN page of the network object properties, click Add in the Repository of
Certificates Available list.

Note - A management-only server does not have an IPSec VPN page.

The User Directory on a management-only server cannot be configured
to authenticate to an LDAP server using certificates.

b. In the Certificate Properties window, select the defined CA.

6. Test connectivity between the Security Management Server and the LDAP Server.
See "Managing LDAP Information" on page 127.

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 Managing Gateways

Managing Gateways
This section describes how to create, update, and manage Security Gateways, and to use Secure Internal
Communication (SIC) methods for Check Point platforms and products to authenticate each other.

Creating a New Security Gateway

A Security Gateway enforces security policies configured on the Security Management Server.
To install security policies on the Security Gateway, configure the Security Gateway object in
SmartConsole.

To define a new Security Gateway object

1. From the navigation toolbar, select Gateways & Servers.
2. Click New, and select Gateway.
The Check Point Security Gateway Creation window opens.
3. Click Classic Mode.
The Check Point Gateway properties window opens and shows the General Properties screen.
4. Enter the host Name and the IPv4 Address or IPv6 Address.
5. Click Communication.
The Trusted Communication window opens.
6. Select a Platform.

Important - Make sure to select the correct Appliance model. Otherwise, policy
installation may fail.

7. In the Authentication section, enter and confirm the One-time password.

If you selected Small Office Appliance platform, make sure Initiate trusted communication
automatically when the Gateway connects to the Security Management Server for the first time is
selected.
8. Click Initialize to establish trusted communication with the Security Gateway (see "Secure Internal
Communication (SIC)" on page 147).
If trust fails to establish, click OK to continue configuring the Security Gateway.
9. Click OK.
10. The Get Topology Results window that opens, shows interfaces successfully configured on the
Security Gateway.
11. Click Close.
12. In the Platform section, select the Hardware, the Version, and the OS.

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 Managing Gateways

If trust is established between the server and the Security Gateway, click Get to automatically retrieve
the information from the Security Gateway.
13. Select the Software Blades to enable on the Security Gateway.
For some of the Software Blades a first-time setup wizard will open. You can run the wizard now or
later. For more on the setup wizards, see the relevant Administration Guide.

Note - You cannot add additional information fields to the Security Gateway object.

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 Manually Updating the Gateway Topology

Manually Updating the Gateway Topology

As the network changes, you must update the Security Gateway topology.

To update the Security Gateway topology

1. In SmartConsole, click Gateways & Servers.
2. Double-click the Security Gateway object.
The Security Gateway property window opens.
3. Click Network Management.
4. Click Get Interfaces and select the applicable option:
n Get Interfaces With Topology
A warning window asks if you want to overwrite the existing Topology and Anti-Spoofing
settings.
Click Yes.

Note - The physical interfaces that are part of a Bridge interface always
appear with the topology "Undefined".
Workaround: Use the API command "get-interfaces".

n Get Interfaces Without Topology

5. The Get Topology Results window opens.
6. Click Accept.
7. Configure the applicable Topology and Anti-Spoofing settings for the interfaces.
8. Click OK.
9. Install the Access Control Policy.

Get Interfaces API

You can use the Check Point API to execute the Get Interfaces command.
The Get Interfaces API:
n Supports a larger number of interfaces compared with SmartConsole.
n Supports these interfaces which are not supported by SmartConsole: Bridge and Bond interfaces
without IP addresses.
n Configures the default topology for internal networks for Security Gateway and ClusterXL R80.20 and
higher to Network defined by routes, where applicable (the default in SmartConsole is This network
(Internal)).
n Does not get unnecessary Bridge and Bond satellite interfaces.
The Get Interfaces API command only supports Security Gateways and ClusterXL that run on Gaia
operating system.

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 Manually Updating the Gateway Topology

For explanations on how to use the API Get Interfaces command, see the Check Point Management API
Reference.

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 Dynamically Updating the Security Gateway Topology

Dynamically Updating the Security Gateway

Topology
This feature is supported only for Security Gateways R77.20 and above. Once selected, the range of IP
addresses behind the internal interface is automatically calculated every second (default value) without the
need for the administrator to click Get Interfaces and install a policy.

To configure dynamic topology updates

1. Open Gateway Properties > Network Management.
2. Select an interface and click Edit.
3. In the Topology section, click Modify.
4. In the Leads To section, select Network defined by routes.
5. Click OK.
This default update value is configured in SmartConsole > Preferences and set to one second. The value
set here applies to all internal interfaces for all gateways in the Domain.

To set the update value for a specific interface

1. Open Gateway Properties > Network Management.
2. Select an interface and click Actions > Settings.
3. Select Use custom update time (seconds) and set the applicable update time.
4. Click OK.

Dynamic Anti-Spoofing
When Anti-Spoofing is selected and you click Get interfaces, the Security Gateway generates a list of valid
IP addresses based on the IP address and netmask of the interface and the routes assigned to the interface.
Anti-Spoofing drops packets with a source IP address that does not belong to the network behind the
packet's interface. For example, packets with an internal IP address that comes from an external interface.
When the Network defined by routes option is selected along with Perform Anti-Spoofing based on
interface topology, you get Dynamic Anti-Spoofing. The valid IP addresses range is automatically
calculated without the administrator having to do click Get Interfaces or install a policy.

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 Secure Internal Communication (SIC)

Secure Internal Communication (SIC)

Check Point platforms and products authenticate each other through one of these Secure Internal
Communication (SIC) methods:
n Certificates.
n Standards-based TLS for the creation of secure channels.
n AES128 for encryption.
SIC creates trusted connections between Security Gateways, management servers and other Check Point
components. Trust is required to install polices on Security Gateways and to send logs between Security
Gateways and management servers.

Note - To see SIC errors, examine the $CPDIR/log/sic_info.elg file on the

Security Management Server and on the Security Gateway.

Initializing Trust
To establish the initial trust, a Security Gateway and a Security Management Server use a one-time
password. After the initial trust is established, further communication is based on security certificates.
Note - Make sure the clocks of the Security Gateway and Security Management Server
are synchronized, before you initialize trust between them. This is necessary for SIC to
succeed. To set the time settings of the Security Gateway and Security Management
Server, go to the Gaia Portal > System Management > Time.

To initialize Trust

1. In SmartConsole, open the Security Gateway network object.

2. In the General Properties page of the Security Gateway, click Communication.
3. In the Communication window, enter the Activation Key that you created during installation of the
Security Gateway.
4. Click Initialize.
The ICA signs and issues a certificate to the Security Gateway.
Trust state is Initialized but not trusted. The Internal Certificate Authority (ICA) issues a certificate
for the Security Gateway, but does not yet deliver it.
The two communicating peers authenticate over SSL with the shared Activation Key. The
certificate is downloaded securely and stored on the Security Gateway. The Activation Key is
deleted.
The Security Gateway can communicate with Check Point hosts that have a security certificate
signed by the same ICA.

SIC Status
After the Security Gateway receives the certificate issued by the ICA, the SIC status shows if the Security
Management Server can communicate securely with this Security Gateway:

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 Secure Internal Communication (SIC)

n Communicating - The secure communication is established.

n Unknown - There is no connection between the Security Gateway and Security Management Server.
n Not Communicating - The Security Management Server can contact the Security Gateway, but
cannot establish SIC. A message shows more information.

Trust State
If the Trust State is compromised (keys were leaked, certificates were lost) or objects changed (user leaves,
open server upgraded to appliance), reset the Trust State. When you reset Trust, the SIC certificate is
revoked.
The Certificate Revocation List (CRL) is updated for the serial number of the revoked certificate. The ICA
signs the updated CRL and issues it to all Security Gateways during the next SIC connection. If two Security
Gateways have different CRLs, they cannot authenticate.
1. In SmartConsole, from the Gateways & Servers view, double-click the Security Gateway object.
2. Click Communication.
3. In the Trusted Communication window that opens, click Reset.
4. Install Policy on the Security Gateways.
This deploys the updated CRL to all Security Gateways. If you do not have a Rule Base (and
therefore cannot install a policy), you can reset Trust on the Security Gateways.

Important - Before a new trust can be established in SmartConsole, make sure

the same one-time activation password is configured on the Security Gateway.

Troubleshooting SIC
If SIC fails to Initialize:
1. Make sure there is connectivity between the Security Gateway and Security Management Server.
2. Make sure that the Security Management Server and the Security Gateway use the same SIC
activation key (one-time password).
3. If the Security Management Server is behind a gateway, make sure there are rules that allow
connections between the Security Management Server and the remote Security Gateway. Make sure
Anti-spoofing settings are correct.
4. Make sure the name and the IP address of the Security Management Server are in the /etc/hosts
file on the Security Gateway.
If the IP address of the Security Management Server mapped through static NAT by its local Security
Gateway, add the public IP address of the Security Management Server to the /etc/hosts file on
the remote Security Gateway. Make sure the IP address resolves to the server's hostname.
5. Make sure the date and the time settings of the operating systems are correct. If the Security
Management Server and remote the Security Gateway reside in different time zones, the remote
Security Gateway may have to wait for the certificate to become valid.
6. Remove the Security Policy on the Security Gateway to let all the traffic through:

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 Secure Internal Communication (SIC)

a. Connect to the command line on the Security Gateway

b. Log in to the Expert mode.
c. Run:
fw unloadlocal

Important - See the R81.20 CLI Reference Guide > Chapter Security
Gateway Commands > Section fw > Section fw unloadlocal.

7. Try to establish SIC again.

Remote User access to resources and Mobile Access

If you install a certificate on a Security Gateway that has the Mobile Access Software Blade already
enabled, you must install the policy again. Otherwise, remote users will not be able to reach network
resources.
To establish a new trust state for a Security Gateway

1. Open the command line interface on the Security Gateway.

2. Run:
cpconfig
3. Enter the number for Secure Internal Communication and press Enter.
4. Enter y to confirm.
5. Enter and confirm the activation key.
6. When done, enter the number for Exit.
7. Wait for Check Point processes to stop and automatically restart.

In SmartConsole:
1. In the General Properties window of the Security Gateway, click Communication.
2. In the Trusted Communication window, enter the one-time password (activation key) that you
entered on the Security Gateway.
3. Click Initialize.
4. Wait for the Certificate State field to show Trust established.
5. Click OK.

Understanding the Check Point Internal Certificate Authority

(ICA)
The ICA (Internal Certificate Authority) is created on the Security Management Server when you configure it
for the first time. The ICA issues certificates for authentication:
n Secure Internal Communication (SIC) - Authenticates communication between Security
Management Servers, and between Security Gateways and Security Management Servers.

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 Secure Internal Communication (SIC)

n VPN certificates for gateways - Authentication between members of the VPN community, to create
the VPN tunnel.
n Users - For strong methods to authenticate user access according to authorization and permissions.

ICA Clients
In most cases, certificates are handled as part of the object configuration. To control the ICA and certificates
in a more granular manner, you can use one of these ICA clients:
n The Check Point Configuration Tool - This is the cpconfig CLI utility. One of the options creates the
ICA, which issues a SIC certificate for the Security Management Server.
n SmartConsole - SIC certificates for Security Gateways and administrators, VPN certificates, and user
certificates.
n "The ICA Management Tool" on page 408 - VPN certificates for users and advanced ICA operations.
See audit logs of the ICA in SmartConsole Logs & Monitor > New Tab > Open Audit Logs View.

SIC Certificate Management

Manage SIC certificates in the
n Communication tab of the Security Gateway properties window.
n "The ICA Management Tool" on page 408.
Certificates have these configurable attributes:

Attributes Default Comments

validity 5 years

key size 2048 bits

KeyUsage 5 Digital Signature and Key encipherment

ExtendedKeyUsage 0 (no KeyUsage) VPN certificates only

To learn more about key size values, see RSA key lengths.
To view license information for each Software Blade

Step Instructions

1 Select a Security Gateway or a Security Management Server.

2 In the Summary tab below, click the object's License Status (for example: OK).
The Device & License Information window opens. It shows basic object information and
License Status, license Expiration Date, and important quota information (in the
Additional Info column) for each Software Blade.
Notes:
n Quota information, quota-dependent license statuses, and blade information
messages are only supported for R80 and higher.
n The tooltip of the SKU is the product name.

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 Secure Internal Communication (SIC)

The possible values for the Software Blade License Status are:

Status Description

Active The Software Blade is active and the license is valid.

Available The Software Blade is not active, but the license is valid.

No License The Software Blade is active but the license is not valid.

Expired The Software Blade is active, but the license expired.

About to The Software Blade is active, but the license will expire in thirty days (default) or less
Expire (7 days or less for an evaluation license).

Quota The Software Blade is active, and the license is valid, but the quota of related objects
Exceeded (Security Gateways, Virtual Systems, files, and so on, depending on the blade) is
exceeded.

Quota The Software Blade is active, and the license is valid, but the number of objects of
Warning this blade is 90% (default) or more of the licensed quota.

N/A The license information is not available.

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 Managing Licenses

Managing Licenses
After you run the First Time Configuration Wizard on a Security Management Server, and the Security
Management Server connects to the User Center, it automatically activates its license . If the Security
Management Server loses Internet connectivity before the license is activated, it tries again, on an interval.
If you make changes to Management Software Blade licenses of a Security Management Server in the
Check Point User Center, these changes are automatically synchronized with that Security Management
Server.
Notes:
n Automatic activation is supported on Check Point appliances only.
n Automatic synchronization is supported on all R80.30 servers and
higher.
To make sure that your environment is synchronized with the User Center, even when the Security
Management Server is not connected to the Internet, we recommend that you configure a Check Point
server with Internet connectivity as a proxy.

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 Managing Server and Gateway Licenses

Managing Server and Gateway Licenses

Starting from R81, you can add or remove licenses manually in SmartConsole.
Adding and removing a license

Step Instructions

1 In SmartConsole, from the left navigation panel, click Gateways & Servers.

2 In the top pane, select the object of the applicable Management Server or Security
Gateway.

3 In the bottom pane, click the Licenses tab.

4 Add or remove a license:

n To add a license from a license file:
a. Click Add and select License File.
b. Browse for the license file.
c. Select the license file.
d. Click Open.
n To add a license from a license string:
a. Click Add and select License String.
b. Paste the license string.
c. Click OK.
n To remove a license:
a. Select the license in the leftmost column.
b. Click Remove.

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 Managing Server and Gateway Licenses

Note - To add or remove licenses on the Licenses tab, an administrator must have
the Run One Time Script permission selected in their profile. To assign this
permission, in SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Permissions &
Administrators > Permission Profiles. Open the relevant permission profile, go to
Gateways > Scripts, and select Run One-Time Scripts.
See also "Assigning Permission Profiles to Administrators" on page 70
You can see these columns with license information:

Column Description

IP Address The IP address, for which this license was

generated.

Expiration Date Date when the Check Point support contract

expires.

CK Unique Certificate Key of the license

instance.

SKU Catalog ID from the Check Point User Center.

Note - SmartConsole R81 and higher does not support viewing a license of Quantum
Spark appliances with Gaia Embedded OS (in the "Gateways & Servers" view, select
the Security Gateway object > in the bottom pane, click the "Licenses" tab).
Workaround: Use SmartUpdate to view the licenses.

Important - To distribute licenses to CloudGuard IaaS Security Gateways, see the

R81.20 CloudGuard Controller Administration Guide.

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 Viewing Licenses in SmartConsole

Viewing Licenses in SmartConsole

To view license information

Step Instructions

1 From the left navigation panel, click Gateways & Servers.

2 From the Columns drop-down list, select Licenses.

You can see these columns:

Column Description

License The general state of the Software Blade licenses:

Status
n OK - All the blade licenses are valid.
n Not Activated - Blade licenses are not installed. This is only possible in the first 15
days after the establishment of the SIC with the Security Management Server.
After the initial 15 days, the absence of licenses will result in the blade error
message.
n Error with <number> blade(s) - The specified number of blade licenses are not
installed or not valid.
n Warning with <number> blade(s) - The specified number of blade licenses have
warnings.
n N/A - No available information.

CK Unique Certificate Key of the license instance.

SKU Catalog ID from the Check Point User Center.

Account ID User's account ID.

Support Check Point level of support.

Level

Support Date when the Check Point support contract expires.

Expiration

To view license information for each Software Blade

Step Instructions

1 Select a Security Gateway or a Security Management Server.

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 Viewing Licenses in SmartConsole

Step Instructions

2 In the Summary tab below, click the object's License Status (for example: OK).
The Device & License Information window opens. It shows basic object information and
License Status, license Expiration Date, and important quota information (in the Additional
Info column) for each Software Blade.
Notes:
n Quota information, quota-dependent license statuses, and blade information messages
are only supported for R80 and higher.
n The tooltip of the SKU is the product name.

The possible values for the Software Blade License Status are:

Status Description

Active The Software Blade is active and the license is valid.

Available The Software Blade is not active, but the license is valid.

No License The Software Blade is active but the license is not valid.

Expired The Software Blade is active, but the license expired.

About to The Software Blade is active, but the license will expire in thirty days (default) or less (7
Expire days or less for an evaluation license).

Quota The Software Blade is active, and the license is valid, but the quota of related objects
Exceeded (Security Gateways, files, virtual systems, and so on, depending on the blade) is
exceeded.

Quota The Software Blade is active, and the license is valid, but the number of objects of this
Warning blade is 90% (default) or more of the licensed quota.

N/A The license information is not available.

Viewing license information for VSX

SmartConsole reports an error when viewing licenses of Virtual System or Virtual Router objects.

To see the VSX license information:

Select the VSX Gateway or VSX Cluster object (and not objects of Virtual Systems or Virtual Routers).

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 Monitoring Licenses in SmartConsole

Monitoring Licenses in SmartConsole

To keep track of license issues, you can use these options:

Option Description

License To see and export license information for Software Blades on each specific Security
Status view Management Server, Security Gateway, or Log Server object.

License To see filter and export license status information for all configured Security
Status report Management Server, Security Gateway, or Log Server objects.

License To see filter and export license information for Software Blades on all configured
Inventory Security Management Server, Security Gateway, or Log Server objects.
report

The SmartEvent Software Blade lets you customize the License Status and License Inventory information
from the Logs & Monitor view of SmartConsole.
It is also possible to view license information from the Gateways & Servers view of SmartConsole without
enabling the SmartEvent blade on Security Management Server..

The Gateways & Servers view in SmartConsole lets you see and export the License Inventory report.

Step Instructions

1 View the License Inventory report from the Gateways & Servers view:
1. In SmartConsole, from the left navigation panel, click Gateways & Servers.
2. From the top toolbar, click Actions > License Report.
3. Wait for the SmartView to load and show this report.
By default, this report contains:
n Inventory page: Blade Names, Devices Names, License Statuses
n License by Device page: Devices Names, License statuses, CK, SKU, Account
ID, Support Level, Next Expiration Date

2 Export the License Inventory report from the Gateways & Servers view:
1. In the top right corner, click the Options button.
2. Select the applicable export option - Export to Excel, or Export to PDF.

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 Monitoring Licenses in SmartConsole

The Logs & Monitor view in SmartConsole lets you see, filter and export the License Status report.

Step Instructions

1 View License Status report from the Logs & Monitor view:
1. In SmartConsole, from the left navigation panel, click Logs & Monitor
2. At the top, open a new tab by clicking New Tab, or [+].
3. In the left section, click Views.
4. In the list of reports, double-click License Status.
5. Wait for the SmartView to load and show this report.
By default, this report contains:
n Names of the configured objects, License status for each object, CK, SKU,
Account ID, Support Level, Next Expiration Date

2 Filter the License Status report in the Logs & Monitor view:
1. In the top right corner, click the Options button > View Filter.
The Edit View Filter window opens.
2. Select a Field to filter results. For example, Device Name, License Status, Account
ID.
3. Select the logical operator - Equals, Not Equals, or Contains.
4. Select or enter a filter value.
Note - Click the X icon to delete a filter.
5. Optional: Click the + icon to configure additional filters.
6. Click OK to apply the configured filters.
The report is filtered based on the configured filters.

3 Export the License Status report in the Logs & Monitor view:
1. In the top right corner, click the Options button.
2. Select the applicable export option - Export to Excel, or Export to PDF.

The Logs & Monitor view in SmartConsole lets you see, filter and export the License Inventory report.

Step Instructions

1 View the License Inventory report from the Logs & Monitor view:
1. In SmartConsole, from the left navigation panel, click Logs & Monitor
2. At the top, open a new tab by clicking New Tab, or [+].
3. In the left section, click Reports.
4. In the list of reports, double-click License Inventory.
5. Wait for the SmartView to load and show this report.
By default, this report contains:
n Inventory page: Blade Names, Devices Names, License Statuses
n License by Device page: Devices Names, License statuses, CK, SKU, Account
ID, Support Level, Next Expiration Date

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 Monitoring Licenses in SmartConsole

Step Instructions

2 Filter the License Inventory report in the Logs & Monitor view:
1. In the top right corner, click the Options button > Report Filter.
The Edit Report Filter window opens.
2. Select a Field to filter results. For example, Blade Name, Device Name, License
Overall Status, Account ID.
3. Select the logical operator - Equals, Not Equals, or Contains.
4. Select or enter a filter value.
Note - Click the X icon to delete a filter.
5. Optional: Click the + icon to configure additional filters.
6. Click OK to apply the configured filters.
The report is filtered based on the configured filters.

3 Export the License Inventory report in the Logs & Monitor view:
1. In the top right corner, click the Options button.
2. Select the applicable export option - Export to Excel, or Export to PDF.

License or Quota Changes

The SmartConsole GUI client is not aware of license or quota changes in real time. As a result, the alert for
'License quota Exceeded' does not pop up immediately when the license quota is exceeded on the Security
Management Server.

To see the license changes:

1. Connect with SmartConsole to the Security Management Server.
2. From the left navigation panel, click Logs & Monitor.
3. From the top, click [+] to open a new tab.
4. Open the Compliance view (for more information, see sk120256 - ATRG: Compliance Blade (R80.10
and higher)).
Changes in quota data in the entitlement or compliance are updated after:
n Compliance midnight scan
n License changes
n Running the 'cpstop ; cpstart' commands on the Security Management Server

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 Central Deployment of Hotfixes and Version Upgrades

Central Deployment of Hotfixes and Version

Upgrades
Introduction
Use Central Deployment in SmartConsole to perform batch deployment of:
n Jumbo Hotfix Accumulators and Hotfixes on Security Gateways and Cluster Members.
n Upgrade Packages on Security Gateways and Cluster Members.
You can Deploy a Hotfix or Upgrade Package from:
n The Check Point Cloud.
n The Package Repository on the Management Server.
First, you must upload the applicable package to the Package Repository. See "Adding a package to
the Package Repository" on page 162.
To use Central Deployment through the API, see the Check Point Management API Reference.

Best Practice - Use the Package Repository on the Management Server if the target's
connectivity to the Management Server is better than the target's connectivity to the
cloud, or if the target is overloaded with traffic.
Note - You can select up to 30 Security Gateways and Cluster Members, but installation
can take place only on 10 targets at the same time. The Management Server places
each target above the 10th in a queue. Each time an installation completes on one of the
targets, the Management Server installs it on the next target in the queue.
Some Security Gateways have Recommended Hotfixes. See the Recommended Jumbo column in the
Gateways & Servers view:

You can deploy a Recommended Jumbo Hotfix Accumulator or a specific Jumbo Hotfix Accumulator take.

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 Central Deployment of Hotfixes and Version Upgrades

Prerequisites
To use Central Deployment:
n The administrator must have SmartUpdate write permission on the Management Server.
n The latest build of the CPUSE Deployment Agent must be installed on the target Security Gateways
and Cluster Members.
n SIC must already be established between the Management Server and the target Security Gateways
and Cluster Members.
n A policy must be installed on the target Security Gateways and Cluster Members.
n Only full clusters can be deployed (you cannot select and deploy one cluster member).
To use Central Deployment directly from the Check Point Cloud:
1. The Management Server must be able to connect to the Check Point Cloud.
2. The target Security Gateways and Cluster Members must be able to connect to the Check Point
Cloud.
To install the Recommended Jumbo Hotfix Accumulator on the target Security Gateways and Cluster
Members, at least these Jumbo Hotfix Accumulator takes must be installed:

Target Version Minimal Jumbo Hotfix Accumulator Take

R80.40 and higher Any take.

R80.30 Take 76 or higher.

R80.20 Take 118 or higher.

R80.10 Take 245 or higher.

Limitations
Central Deployment does not support:
n Connecting from SmartConsole to the Security Management Server through a proxy server.
In this case, use the applicable API command.
n ClusterXL in High Availability mode configured as "Switch to higher priority Cluster
Member" (known as "Primary Up").
n ClusterXL in Load Sharing mode.
n VRRP Cluster.
n Standalone server.
n Scalable Chassis 40000 / 60000.
n For Centrally Managed Quantum Spark Appliances running Gaia Embedded operating system:

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 Central Deployment of Hotfixes and Version Upgrades

l Cluster of Quantum Spark Appliances.

Note - This feature is supported starting from R81.20 Jumbo Hotfix

Accumulator, Take 8.

l Downloading the package from the Check Point Cloud.

You must manually add the required package to the Package Repository on the Security
Management Server.
n Standby Security Management Server.
n On Multi-Domain Servers, SmartConsole connected to the Global Domain, or the Multi-Domain
Server context.
n Log Server.
n SmartEvent Server.

Installation
Adding a package to the Package Repository

1. From the left navigation panel, click Manage & Settings.

2. From the left tree, click Package Repository.
3. Click New and select one of these options:
n Download from cloud - To download the package to the Package Repository from the
Check Point Cloud, paste the package CPUSE identifier and click Download.
n Upload from local - To upload the package to the Package Repository from your device,
browse to the applicable package and click Open.
After the download or upload is complete, the package appears in the Package Repository
window in SmartConsole > Manage & Settings view.
Notes:
n Add one package to the repository at a time.
n For Quantum Spark Appliances that run Gaia Embedded OS R80.20.xx and
higher, you must download a special TAR package (that contains the firmware
image and the required configuration file hf.config) and use the "Upload
from local" option.

Installing a Hotfix or Upgrade Package on multiple Security Gateways or Cluster Members

Warning - Before you install firmware on a Quantum Spark appliance that runs Gaia
Embedded OS, you must disconnect any external storage from the USB port (at the
minimum, make sure that the external storage does not contain firmware images for
Quantum Spark appliances).
1. From the left navigation panel, click Gateways & Servers.
2. Select the target Security Gateways or Cluster Members for deployment.
To select multiple targets, press and hold the CTRL key.

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 Central Deployment of Hotfixes and Version Upgrades

To upgrade Cluster Members, select the cluster object.

3. From the toolbar menu, click Actions ( ) and select one of these options:
n Install Hotfix/Jumbo
n Version Upgrade
The Install Hotfix or Version Upgrade window opens, and shows information about the selected
targets and their corresponding recommended Hotfix or Upgrade Package.
4. In the Hotfix/Jumbo section, select one of these options:
n Install the Recommended Hotfix/Jumbo
or
Upgrade to the Recommended Major Version
Note - If there is no recommended Jumbo Hotfix Accumulator for the
selected targets, this option is grayed out.
If a recommended Jumbo Hotfix Accumulator applies only to some of
the selected targets, the deployment takes place only for those targets.
n Install a Specific Hotfix/Jumbo
or
Upgrade to a Specific Major Version
a. Enter the version number / Hotfix file name.
You can copy the Hotfix file name from the applicable SK article to the Install
Specific Hotfix text box.
Note - Use the field "Install a Specific Hotfix/Jumbo" to install a
firmware package on Quantum Spark Appliances that run Gaia
Embedded OS R80.20.xx and higher. The Management Server
considers firmware packages based on the same main version
as Jumbo Hotfixes. For example, all firmware packages
R81.10.XX are based on the main version R81.10.
Example for a Security Gateway R80.20:

b. Click the search icon next to the text box.

This process makes sure that the package is available for download from the Check
Point servers.
5. In the Gateways section, you see the targets for the selected package.
6. In the Settings section, select the applicable option for the High Availability cluster:

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 Central Deployment of Hotfixes and Version Upgrades

n Install on all cluster members - Installs the selected package on all members in this cluster
(active and standby). This can cluster failover and interrupt the traffic.
n Install on non-active members only - Installs the selected package only on standby cluster
members.
l Once installation is complete, turn non-active member to active - Changes the
cluster state of a standby cluster member to active.
7. In the Advanced section, select the where the Security Gateway downloads package from:
n Automatic - If the package is in the Package Repository, the Management Server transfers
it to the Security Gateway. If the package is not in the Package Repository, the Security
Gateway downloads it from the Check Point Cloud.
n Gateway - The Security Gateway downloads the package from the Check Point Cloud. The
Security Gateway must be connected to the Internet.
n Management - The Security Gateway downloads the package from the Management
Server.
8. At the bottom, click Verify.
The verification process starts. The verification process makes sure that the selected Hotfix or
Upgrade Package can be installed on the targets. The verification process makes sure this
package does not override other installed Hotfixes and that enough free disk space is available for
the process to complete.
To see the progress of the verification process open the Tasks view in the bottom left corner of
SmartConsole and click Details.
Example:

9. Click Install.
10. Central Deployment makes sure that Access Control Policy is installed.
11. After the installation is complete, you must install the applicable Threat Prevention policy on the
target Security Gateways and Clusters.

Notes:
n If different targets have different recommended Hotfixes or Upgrade Packages,
each target gets its applicable recommended Hotfix or Upgrade Package.
n Before you install a firmware on a Quantum Spark appliance that runs Gaia
Embedded operating system, you must disconnect an external storage from the
USB port (at minimum, make sure it does not contain firmware images for
Quantum Spark appliances).

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 Central Deployment of Hotfixes and Version Upgrades

How the Central Deployment Upgrades a Cluster

When you use the Central Deployment to install a software package on all members of a ClusterXL in High
Availability mode or VSX Cluster (non-VSLS), the Central Deployment follows these steps:
1. Verifies that the states of the Cluster Members are valid (Active and Standby).
2. Prepares the Access Control Policy for the Cluster:
a. Changes the version in the Cluster object.
b. Changes the applicable configuration settings and Access Control Policy.
3. Upgrades the Standby Cluster Member to the new version.
4. Runs a Multi-Version Cluster (MVC):
a. Makes sure the upgraded Cluster Member is in the Standby or Ready state.
b. Performs cluster failover to one of the upgraded Cluster Members.
5. Upgrades the former Active Cluster Member.
6. Verifies that the states of the Cluster Members are valid (Active and Standby).

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 Configuring a Security Gateway to Access the Management Server or Log Server at its NATed IP Address

Configuring a Security Gateway to Access the

Management Server or Log Server at its NATed
IP Address
You can configure a Security Gateway to access the Security Management Server or Log Server at the
server's NATed IP address for fetching policy or sending logs.
This diagram describes the flow of this process:

Procedure:
1. Connect to the command line on the Security Gateway / each Cluster Member.
2. Log in to the Expert mode.
3. On a VSX Gateway / each VSX Cluster Member, go to the context of the applicable Virtual System:

vsenv <VSID>

4. Run the applicable command (this change survives reboot):

a. To force the Security Gateway / Cluster Member to connect only to the public (NATed) IP
address (this is the default behavior) of the Management Server or Log Server, run:

ckp_regedit -a SOFTWARE\\CheckPoint\\FW1 FORCE_NATTED_IP -n 1

b. To force the Security Gateway / Cluster Member to connect only to the real IP address of the
Management Server or Log Server, run:

ckp_regedit -a SOFTWARE\\CheckPoint\\FW1 FORCE_NATTED_IP -n 0

Notes:
n This change survives reboot.
n In a Cluster, you must configure all the Cluster Members in the
same way.
5. Restart the FWD process:
See the instructions in sk97638 > section Infrastructure Processes.

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 Configuring Implied Rules or Kernel Tables for Security Gateways

Configuring Implied Rules or Kernel Tables for

Security Gateways
Introduction
An administrator configures Security Policy and other inspection settings in SmartConsole.
During a policy installation, the Management Server creates the applicable files and transfers them to the
target Security Gateways.
The Management Server creates these files based on:
n Security Policy in SmartConsole
n Global properties in SmartConsole
n Security Gateway properties
n Multiple configuration files on the Management Server that control the inspection of various network
protocols
It is possible to modify these configuration files on the Management Server to fine-tune the inspection in
your network (in Check Point INSPECT language).
There are two main categories of these configuration files:
n Files for Security Gateways that have the same software version as the Management Server.
n Files for Security Gateways that have the a lower software version than the Management Server. This
category is called "Backward Compatibility".

Configuration files
File Name Controls Location

user.def User-defined implied rules. See "Location of 'user.def'

Files on the Management
Server" on page 172

implied_rules.def Default implied rules. See "Location of 'implied_

rules.def' Files on the
Management Server" on
page 173

table.def Definitions of various kernel tables. See "Location of 'table.def'

Files on the Management
Server" on page 174

crypt.def VPN encryption macros. See "Location of 'crypt.def'

Files on the Management
Server" on page 175

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 Configuring Implied Rules or Kernel Tables for Security Gateways

File Name Controls Location

vpn_table.def Definitions for various kernel tables that hold See "Location of 'vpn_
VPN data. table.def' Files on the
For example, VPN timeouts, number of VPN Management Server" on
tunnels, whether a specific kernel table should page 176
be synchronized between cluster members, and
others.

communities.def VPN encryption macros for X11 server (X See "Location of

Window System) traffic. 'communities.def' Files on
the Management Server"
on page 177

base.def Definitions of packet inspection for various See "Location of 'base.def'

network protocols. Files on the Management
Server" on page 178

dhcp.def Definitions of packet inspection for DHCP traffic See "Location of 'dhcp.def'
- DHCP Request, DHCP Reply, and DHCP Files on the Management
Relay. Server" on page 179

gtp.def Definitions of packet inspection for GTP (GPRS See "Location of 'gtp.def'
Tunnelling Protocol) traffic. Files on the Management
Server" on page 180

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 Configuring Implied Rules or Kernel Tables for Security Gateways

Configuration Procedure
1. Connect to the command line on the Security Management Server.
2. Log in to the Expert mode.
3. Back up the current file:

cp -v /<Full Path to File>/<File Name>{,_BKP}

Example:

cp -v $FWDIR/conf/user.def.FW1{,_BKP}

4. Edit the current file:

vi /<Full Path to File>/<File Name>

Example:

vi $FWDIR/conf/user.def.FW1

5. Make the applicable changes as described in the applicable SK article, or as instructed by Check
Point Support.
6. Save the changes in the file and exit the editor.
7. Connect with SmartConsole to the Security Management Server.
8. In SmartConsole, install the Access Control Policy on the applicable Security Gateway or Cluster
object.

Introduction
An administrator configures Security Policy and other inspection settings in SmartConsole.
During a policy installation, the Management Server creates the applicable files and transfers them to the
target Security Gateways.
The Management Server creates these files based on:
n Security Policy in SmartConsole
n Global properties in SmartConsole
n Security Gateway properties
n Multiple configuration files on the Management Server that control the inspection of various network
protocols
It is possible to modify these configuration files on the Management Server to fine-tune the inspection in
your network (in Check Point INSPECT language).
There are two main categories of these configuration files:
n Files for Security Gateways that have the same software version as the Management Server.
n Files for Security Gateways that have the a lower software version than the Management Server. This
category is called "Backward Compatibility".

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 Configuring Implied Rules or Kernel Tables for Security Gateways

Configuration files
File Name Controls Location

user.def User-defined implied rules. See "Location of 'user.def'

Files on the Management
Server" on page 172

implied_rules.def Default implied rules. See "Location of 'implied_

rules.def' Files on the
Management Server" on
page 173

table.def Definitions of various kernel tables. See "Location of 'table.def'

Files on the Management
Server" on page 174

crypt.def VPN encryption macros. See "Location of 'crypt.def'

Files on the Management
Server" on page 175

vpn_table.def Definitions for various kernel tables that hold See "Location of 'vpn_
VPN data. table.def' Files on the
For example, VPN timeouts, number of VPN Management Server" on
tunnels, whether a specific kernel table should page 176
be synchronized between cluster members, and
others.

communities.def VPN encryption macros for X11 server (X See "Location of

Window System) traffic. 'communities.def' Files on
the Management Server"
on page 177

base.def Definitions of packet inspection for various See "Location of 'base.def'

network protocols. Files on the Management
Server" on page 178

dhcp.def Definitions of packet inspection for DHCP traffic See "Location of 'dhcp.def'
- DHCP Request, DHCP Reply, and DHCP Files on the Management
Relay. Server" on page 179

gtp.def Definitions of packet inspection for GTP (GPRS See "Location of 'gtp.def'
Tunnelling Protocol) traffic. Files on the Management
Server" on page 180

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 Configuring Implied Rules or Kernel Tables for Security Gateways

Configuration Procedure
1. Connect to the command line on the Management Server.
2. Log in to the Expert mode.
3. On a Multi-Domain Server, go to the context of the applicable Domain Management Server:

mdsenv <IP Address or name of Domain Management Server>

4. Back up the current file:

cp -v /<Full Path to File>/<File Name>{,_BKP}

Example:

cp -v $FWDIR/conf/user.def.FW1{,_BKP}

5. Edit the current file:

vi /<Full Path to File>/<File Name>

Example:

vi $FWDIR/conf/user.def.FW1

6. Make the applicable changes as described in the applicable SK article, or as instructed by Check
Point Support.
7. Save the changes in the file and exit the editor.
8. In SmartConsole, install the Access Control Policy on the applicable Security Gateway or Cluster
object.
On a Multi-Domain Server, connect with SmartConsole to the applicable Domain Management
Server.

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 Location of 'user.def' Files on the Management Server

Location of 'user.def' Files on the Management Server

The 'user.def' files contain the user-defined implied rules.
Important:
n You must edit this file in the context of the applicable Domain Management
Server.
To go to the required context, use the command:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n If the required file does not exist, create a copy of the
$FWDIR/conf/user.def.FW1 file, rename it, and edit it.

Location of files on an R81.20 Security Management Server:

Version of the Target Security Gateway Location of the File

R81.20 $FWDIR/conf/user.def.FW1

R81.10 $FWDIR/conf/user.def.FW1

R81.10.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / 1600 / $FWDIR/conf/user.def.SFWR81CMP

1800

R81 $FWDIR/conf/user.def.FW1

R80.40 $FWDIR/conf/user.def.R8040CMP

R80.30SP on Maestro $FWDIR/conf/user.def.R8040CMP

R80.30 $FWDIR/conf/user.def.R8040CMP

R80.20SP on Maestro, or Scalable Chassis $FWDIR/conf/user.def.R8040CMP

R80.20 $FWDIR/conf/user.def.R8040CMP

R80.20.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / 1600 / $FWDIR/conf/user.def.SFWR80CMP

1800

R80.10 $FWDIR/conf/user.def.R8040CMP

R77.30 $FWDIR/conf/user.def.R77CMP

R77.20.x on SMB Appliances 1100 / 1200R / 1400 $FWDIR/conf/user.def.SFWR77CMP

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 Location of 'implied_rules.def' Files on the Management Server

Location of 'implied_rules.def' Files on the Management

Server
The 'implied_rules.def' files contain the default implied rules.
Important:
n You must edit this file in the context of the applicable Domain Management
Server.
To go to the required context, use the command:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n If the required file does not exist, create a copy of the $FWDIR/lib/implied_
rules.def file, rename it, and edit it.

Location of files on an R81.20 Security Management Server:

Version of the Target Security Gateway Location of the File

R81.20 $FWDIR/lib/implied_rules.def

R81.10 $FWDIR/lib/implied_rules.def

R81.10.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / /opt/CPSFWR81CMP-R81.20/lib/implied_

1600 / 1800 rules.def

R81 $FWDIR/lib/implied_rules.def

R80.40 /opt/CPR8040CMP-R81.20/lib/implied_
rules.def

R80.30SP on Maestro /opt/CPR8040CMP-R81.20/lib/implied_

rules.def

R80.30 /opt/CPR8040CMP-R81.20/lib/implied_
rules.def

R80.20SP on Maestro, or Scalable Chassis /opt/CPR8040CMP-R81.20/lib/implied_

rules.def

R80.20 /opt/CPR8040CMP-R81.20/lib/implied_
rules.def

R80.20.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / /opt/CPSFWR80CMP-R81.20/lib/implied_

1600 / 1800 rules.def

R80.10 /opt/CPR8040CMP-R81.20/lib/implied_
rules.def

R77.30 /opt/CPR77CMP-R81.20/lib/implied_
rules.def

R77.20.x on SMB Appliances 1100 / 1200R / /opt/CPSFWR77CMP-R81.20/lib/implied_

1400 rules.def

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 Location of 'table.def' Files on the Management Server

Location of 'table.def' Files on the Management Server

The 'table.def' files contain definitions of various kernel tables for Security Gateways.
Important:
n You must edit this file in the context of the applicable Domain Management
Server.
To go to the required context, use the command:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n If the required file does not exist, create a copy of the $FWDIR/lib/table.def
file, rename it, and edit it.

Location of files on an R81.20 Security Management Server:

Version of the Target Security Gateway Location of the File

R81.20 $FWDIR/lib/table.def

R81.10 $FWDIR/lib/table.def

R81.10.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / 1600 / /opt/CPSFWR81CMP-

1800 R81.20/lib/table.def

R81 $FWDIR/lib/table.def

R80.40 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/table.def

R80.30SP on Maestro /opt/CPR8040CMP-

R81.20/lib/table.def

R80.30 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/table.def

R80.20SP on Maestro, or Scalable Chassis /opt/CPR8040CMP-

R81.20/lib/table.def

R80.20 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/table.def

R80.20.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / 1600 / /opt/CPSFWR80CMP-

1800 R81.20/lib/table.def

R80.10 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/table.def

R77.30 /opt/CPR77CMP-R81.20/lib/table.def

R77.20.x on SMB Appliances 1100 / 1200R / 1400 /opt/CPSFWR77CMP-

R81.20/lib/table.def

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 Location of 'crypt.def' Files on the Management Server

Location of 'crypt.def' Files on the Management Server

The 'crypt.def' files contain VPN encryption macros.
Important:
n You must edit this file in the context of the applicable Domain Management
Server.
To go to the required context, use the command:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n If the required file does not exist, create a copy of the $FWDIR/lib/crypt.def
file, rename it, and edit it.

Location of files on an R81.20 Security Management Server:

Version of the Target Security Gateway Location of the File

R81.20 $FWDIR/lib/crypt.def

R81.10 $FWDIR/lib/crypt.def

R81.10.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / 1600 / /opt/CPSFWR81CMP-

1800 R81.20/lib/crypt.def

R81 $FWDIR/lib/crypt.def

R80.40 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/crypt.def

R80.30SP on Maestro /opt/CPR8040CMP-

R81.20/lib/crypt.def

R80.30 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/crypt.def

R80.20SP on Maestro, or Scalable Chassis /opt/CPR8040CMP-

R81.20/lib/crypt.def

R80.20 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/crypt.def

R80.20.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / 1600 / /opt/CPSFWR80CMP-

1800 R81.20/lib/crypt.def

R80.10 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/crypt.def

R77.30 /opt/CPR77CMP-R81.20/lib/crypt.def

R77.20.x on SMB Appliances 1100 / 1200R / 1400 /opt/CPSFWR77CMP-

R81.20/lib/crypt.def

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 Location of 'vpn_table.def' Files on the Management Server

Location of 'vpn_table.def' Files on the Management Server

The 'vpn_table.def' files contain definitions for various kernel tables that hold VPN data.
For example, VPN timeouts, number of VPN tunnels, whether a specific kernel table should be
synchronized between cluster members, and others.
Important:
n You must edit this file in the context of the applicable Domain Management
Server.
To go to the required context, use the command:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n If the required file does not exist, create a copy of the $FWDIR/lib/vpn_
table.def file, rename it, and edit it.

Location of files on an R81.20 Security Management Server:

Version of the Target Security Gateway Location of the File

R81.20 $FWDIR/lib/vpn_table.def

R81.10 $FWDIR/lib/vpn_table.def

R81.10.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / /opt/CPSFWR81CMP-R81.20/lib/vpn_

1600 / 1800 table.def

R81 $FWDIR/lib/vpn_table.def

R80.40 /opt/CPR8040CMP-R81.20/lib/vpn_
table.def

R80.30SP on Maestro /opt/CPR8040CMP-R81.20/lib/vpn_

table.def

R80.30 /opt/CPR8040CMP-R81.20/lib/vpn_
table.def

R80.20SP on Maestro, or Scalable Chassis /opt/CPR8040CMP-R81.20/lib/vpn_

table.def

R80.20 /opt/CPR8040CMP-R81.20/lib/vpn_
table.def

R80.20.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / /opt/CPSFWR80CMP-R81.20/lib/vpn_

1600 / 1800 table.def

R80.10 /opt/CPR8040CMP-R81.20/lib/vpn_
table.def

R77.30 /opt/CPR77CMP-R81.20/lib/vpn_
table.def

R77.20.x on SMB Appliances 1100 / 1200R / 1400 /opt/CPSFWR77CMP-R81.20/lib/vpn_

table.def

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 Location of 'communities.def' Files on the Management Server

Location of 'communities.def' Files on the Management

Server
The 'communities.def' files contain VPN encryption macros for X11 server (X Window System) traffic.
Important:
n You must edit this file in the context of the applicable Domain Management
Server.
To go to the required context, use the command:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n If the required file does not exist, create a copy of the
$FWDIR/lib/communities.def file, rename it, and edit it.

Location of files on an R81.20 Security Management Server:

Version of the Target Security Gateway Location of the File

R81.20 $FWDIR/lib/communities.def

R81.10 $FWDIR/lib/communities.def

R81.10.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / /opt/CPSFWR81CMP-

1600 / 1800 R81.20/lib/communities.def

R81 $FWDIR/lib/communities.def

R80.40 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/communities.def

R80.30SP on Maestro /opt/CPR8040CMP-

R81.20/lib/communities.def

R80.30 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/communities.def

R80.20SP on Maestro, or Scalable Chassis /opt/CPR8040CMP-

R81.20/lib/communities.def

R80.20 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/communities.def

R80.20.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / /opt/CPSFWR80CMP-

1600 / 1800 R81.20/lib/communities.def

R80.10 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/communities.def

R77.30 /opt/CPR77CMP-
R81.20/lib/communities.def

R77.20.x on SMB Appliances 1100 / 1200R / 1400 /opt/CPSFWR77CMP-

R81.20/lib/communities.def

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      177

 Location of 'base.def' Files on the Management Server

Location of 'base.def' Files on the Management Server

The 'base.def' files contain definitions of packet inspection for various network protocols.
Important:
n You must edit this file in the context of the applicable Domain Management
Server.
To go to the required context, use the command:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n If the required file does not exist, create a copy of the $FWDIR/lib/base.def
file, rename it, and edit it.

Location of files on an R81.20 Security Management Server:

Version of the Target Security Gateway Location of the File

R81.20 $FWDIR/lib/base.def

R81.10 $FWDIR/lib/base.def

R81.10.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / 1600 / /opt/CPSFWR81CMP-

1800 R81.20/lib/base.def

R81 $FWDIR/lib/base.def

R80.40 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/base.def

R80.30SP on Maestro /opt/CPR8040CMP-

R81.20/lib/base.def

R80.30 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/base.def

R80.20SP on Maestro, or Scalable Chassis /opt/CPR8040CMP-

R81.20/lib/base.def

R80.20 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/base.def

R80.20.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / 1600 / /opt/CPSFWR80CMP-

1800 R81.20/lib/base.def

R80.10 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/base.def

R77.30 /opt/CPR77CMP-R81.20/lib/base.def

R77.20.x on SMB Appliances 1100 / 1200R / 1400 /opt/CPSFWR77CMP-

R81.20/lib/base.def

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Location of 'dhcp.def' Files on the Management Server

The 'dhcp.def' files contain definitions of packet inspection for DHCP traffic - DHCP Request, DHCP
Reply, and DHCP Relay.
Important:
n You must edit this file in the context of the applicable Domain Management
Server.
To go to the required context, use the command:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n If the required file does not exist, create a copy of the $FWDIR/lib/dhcp.def
file, rename it, and edit it.

Location of files on an R81.20 Security Management Server:

Version of the Target Security Gateway Location of the File

R81.20 $FWDIR/lib/dhcp.def

R81.10 $FWDIR/lib/dhcp.def

R81.10.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / 1600 / /opt/CPSFWR81CMP-

1800 R81.20/lib/dhcp.def

R81 $FWDIR/lib/dhcp.def

R80.40 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/dhcp.def

R80.30SP on Maestro /opt/CPR8040CMP-

R81.20/lib/dhcp.def

R80.30 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/dhcp.def

R80.20SP on Maestro, or Scalable Chassis /opt/CPR8040CMP-

R81.20/lib/dhcp.def

R80.20 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/dhcp.def

R80.20.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / 1600 / /opt/CPSFWR80CMP-

1800 R81.20/lib/dhcp.def

R80.10 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/dhcp.def

R77.30 /opt/CPR77CMP-R81.20/lib/dhcp.def

R77.20.x on SMB Appliances 1100 / 1200R / 1400 /opt/CPSFWR77CMP-

R81.20/lib/dhcp.def

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Location of 'gtp.def' Files on the Management Server

The 'gtp.def' files contain definitions of packet inspection for GTP (GPRS Tunnelling Protocol) traffic.
Important:
n You must edit this file in the context of the applicable Domain Management
Server.
To go to the required context, use the command:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n If the required file does not exist, create a copy of the $FWDIR/lib/gtp.def
file, rename it, and edit it.

Location of files on an R81.20 Security Management Server:

Version of the Target Security Gateway Location of the File

R81.20 $FWDIR/lib/gtp.def

R81.10 $FWDIR/lib/gtp.def

R81.10.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / 1600 / /opt/CPSFWR81CMP-

1800 R81.20/lib/gtp.def

R81 $FWDIR/lib/gtp.def

R80.40 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/gtp.def

R80.30SP on Maestro /opt/CPR8040CMP-

R81.20/lib/gtp.def

R80.30 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/gtp.def

R80.20SP on Maestro, or Scalable Chassis /opt/CPR8040CMP-

R81.20/lib/gtp.def

R80.20 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/gtp.def

R80.20.x on Quantum Spark Appliances 1500 / 1600 / /opt/CPSFWR80CMP-

1800 R81.20/lib/gtp.def

R80.10 /opt/CPR8040CMP-
R81.20/lib/gtp.def

R77.30 /opt/CPR77CMP-R81.20/lib/gtp.def

R77.20.x on SMB Appliances 1100 / 1200R / 1400 /opt/CPSFWR77CMP-

R81.20/lib/gtp.def

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Managing Objects
Network Objects, defined in SmartConsole and stored in the proprietary Check Point object database,
represent physical and virtual network components (such as Security Gateways, servers, and users), and
logical components (such as IP address ranges and Dynamic Objects). Before you create Network Objects,
analyze the needs of your organization:
n What are the physical components of your network: devices, hosts, Security Gateways and their
active Software Blades?
n What are the logical components: services, resources, applications, ranges?
n Who are the users? How should you group them, and with what permissions?

Note - In SmartConsole, when you configure properties of an object and create a new
object from the original object, the new object is not available in the original Object
Editor.

To resolve this issue:

1. After you close the second Object Editor, click OK in the original Object Editor.
2. Edit the original object again. The new object is now available.

Object Categories
Objects in SmartConsole represent networks, devices, protocols and resources. SmartConsole divides
objects into these categories:

Icon Object Type Examples

Network Objects Security Gateways, hosts, networks, address ranges, dynamic

objects, security zones

Services Services, Service groups

Custom Applications, Categories, Mobile applications

Applications/Sites

VPN Communities Site to Site or Remote Access communities

Users Users, user groups, and user templates

Data Types International Bank Account Number - IBAN, HIPAA - Medical Record
Number - MRN, Source Code.

Servers Trusted Certificate Authorities, RADIUS, TACACS

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Icon Object Type Examples

Time Objects Time, Time groups

UserCheck Message windows: Ask, Cancel, Certificate Template, Inform, and

Interactions Drop

Limit Download and upload bandwidth

Important:
After policy installation, a bandwidth limit is not enforced on
a connection that is matched to an Access Control rule with
the Action "Limit" in one of these scenarios:
n The 'Keep all connections' option is selected in the
security object
n The 'Keep connections open after the policy has
been installed' option is selected in the Service
object used in this rule

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Actions with Objects

You can add, edit, delete, and clone objects. A clone is a copy of the original object, with a different name.
You can also replace one object in the Policy with another object.

Note - Do not create two objects with the same name. A validation error shows when
you try to publish the SmartConsole session. To resolve, change one of the object
names.

To work with objects, right-click the object in the object tree or in the Object Explorer, and select the action.
You can delete objects that are not used, and you can find out where an object is used.

To clone an object
1. In the object tree or in the Object Explorer, right-click the object and select Clone.
The Clone Object window opens.
2. Enter a name for the cloned object.
3. Click OK.

To find out where an object is used

In the object tree or in the Object Explorer, right-click the object and select Where Used.

To replace an object with a different object

1. In the object tree or in the Object Explorer, right-click the object and select Where Used.
2. Click the Replace icon.
3. From the Replace with list, select an item.
4. Click Replace.

To delete all instances of an object

1. In the object tree or in the Object Explorer, right-click the object and select Where Used.
2. Click the Replace icon.
3. From the Replace with list, select None (remove item).
4. Click Replace.
Note - When you create a new object ("object 2") from within an editor of another
existing object ("object 1"), object 2 may not appear in the editor of object 1
immediately. To see object 2 in the editor of object 1, click OK to close object 1 and open
it again.

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Object Tags
Object tags are keywords or labels that you can assign to the network objects or groups of objects for search
purposes. These are the types of tags you can assign:
n User tags - Assigned manually to individual objects or groups of objects
n System tags - Predefined keywords, such as "application"
Each tag has a name and a value. The value can be static, or dynamically filled by detection engines.

Adding a Tag to an Object

To add a tag to an object
1. Open the network object for editing.
2. In the Add Tag field, enter the label to associate with this object.
3. Press Enter.
The new tag shows to the right of the Add Tag field.
4. Click OK.

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Network Object Types

This section describes various object types available in SmartConsole.

Networks
A Network is a group of IP addresses defined by a network address and a net mask. The net mask indicates
the size of the network.
A Broadcast IP address is an IP address which is destined for all hosts on the specified network. If this
address is included, the Broadcast IP address will be considered as part of the network.

Network Groups
A Network Group is a collection of hosts, gateways, networks, or other groups. Groups can be used to
facilitate and simplify network management. When you have the same set of objects which you want to use
in different places in the Rule Base, you can create a group to include such set of objects and reuse it.
Modifications are applied to the group instead of to each member of the group.
Groups are also used where SmartConsole lets you select only one object, but you need to work with more
than one. For example, in the Security Gateway object > Network Management > VPN Domain > Manually
defined, you can only select on object from the drop-down menu. If you want to select more than one object
for your VPN Domain, you can create a group, add the required objects to the group, and select the group
from the drop-down menu.

Grouping Network Objects

To create a group of network objects

1. In the Objects tree, click New > Network Group.
The New Network Group window opens.
2. Enter a name for the group
3. Set optional parameters:
n Object comment
n Color
n Tag (as custom search criteria)
4. For each network object you want to add, click the [+] sign and select it from the list that shows.
5. Click OK.
From version R80.20.M2, you can also associate groups to a network object directly from the object editor.

To associate groups to a network object

1. Open the object editor, and go to Groups in the navigation tree.
2. For each group you want to add, click the [+] sign and select it from the list that shows.

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Check Point Hosts

A Check Point Host can have multiple interfaces but no routing takes place. It is an endpoint that receives
traffic for itself through its interfaces. (In comparison, a Security Gateway routes traffic between its multiple
interfaces.) For example, if you have two unconnected networks that share a common Security
Management Server and Log Server, configure the common server as a Check Point Host object.
A Check Point Host has one or more Software Blades installed. But if the Firewall blade is enabled on the
Check Point Host, it cannot function as a Security Gateway. The Host requires SIC and other features
provided by the actual Security Gateway.
A Check Point Host has no routing mechanism, is not capable of IP forwarding, and cannot be used to
implement Anti-Spoofing. If the host must do any of these, convert it to be a Security Gateway.
The Security Management Server object is a Check Point Host.

Note - When you upgrade a Management Server from R77.30 or earlier versions, Node
objects are converted to Host objects.

Gateway Cluster
A cluster is a group of Security Gateways configured as one logical object. Clustered gateways add
redundancy through High Availability or Load Sharing.
For more information, see the R81.20 ClusterXL Administration Guide.

Address Ranges
An Address Range is a range of IP addresses on the network, defined by the lowest and the highest IP
addresses. Use an Address Range object when you cannot define a range of IP addresses by a network IP
and a net mask. The Address Range objects are also necessary for the implementation of NAT and VPN.

Wildcard Objects
Wildcard objects are IP address objects that share a common pattern that can be permitted or denied
access in a security policy.

Note - This feature is only supported for Security Gateways R80.20 and higher.

To create a new wildcard object

1. Open Object Explorer > New > More > Network Object > Wildcard object.
2. Enter the Wildcard IP address and Wildcard Netmask in IPv4 or IPv6 Format.
3. Click OK.

Understanding Wildcard Objects

The wildcard object contains a wildcard IP address and a wildcard netmask.

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The wildcard netmask is the mask of bits that indicate which parts of the IP address must match and which
do not have to match. For example:

Wildcard IP: 194. 29. 0. 1

Wildcard Netmask: 0. 0. 3. 0

The third octet represents the mask of bits. If we convert the 3 to binary, we get 00000011.
The 0 parts of the mask must match the equivalent bits of the IP address.
The 1 parts of the mask do not have to match, and can be any value.

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
Must match the equivalent bits in the IP address Do not have to match

The binary netmask produces these possible decimal values:

128 64 32 16 8 4 2 1

Binary Decimal

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 2

0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3

The netmask permits only these IP addresses:

n 194.29.0.1
n 194.29.1.1
n 192.29.2.1
n 194.29.3.1
Examples of Use Cases

Scenario One
A supermarket chain has all of its cash registers on subnet 194.29.x.1, where x defines the region. In this
use case, all the cash registers in this region must have access to the database server at 194.30.1.1.
Instead of defining 256 hosts (194.29.0.1, 194.29.1.1, 194.29.2.1....194.29.255.1), the administrator
creates a wildcard object that represents all the cash registers in the region:

Wildcard IP: 194. 29. 0. 1

Wildcard Mask: 0. 0. 255. 0

The wildcard object can now be added to the Access Control Policy.

Source Destination Action Track

Wildcard Object Database server object Accept Log

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Scenario Two
In this use case, a supermarket chain has stores in Europe and Asia.
The 192.30.0-255.1 network contains both the Asian and European regions, and the stores within those
regions.

Item Description

1 Database Server for Europe

2 Database Server for Asia

3 European and Asia network

The administrator wants stores in the European and Asia regions to access different database servers. In
this topology, the third octet of the European and Asia network's IP address will be subject to a wildcard.
The first four bits of the wildcard will represent the region and the last four bits will represent the store
number.

Bits that represent the region Bits that represent the store number

0000 0000

In the Wildcard IP:

n The Asia region is represented by 0001xxxx (Region 1 in decimal)
n The European region is represented by 0010xxxx (Region 2 in decimal)
In binary:

Binary Decimal

Region Store

0001 0000 16 - Asia Region

0010 0000 32 - European Region

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To include all the stores of a particular region, the last four bits of the wildcard mask must be set to 1 (15
in Decimal):

Binary Decimal

Region Store

xxxx 1111 15 - all Asian stores

xxxx 1111 15 - all European stores

A wildcard object that represents all the Asian stores will look like this:

Wildcard IP address 192.30.16.1 (The region)

Wildcard netmask 0.0.15.0 (for stores in the region)

For this range of IP addresses: 192.30.16-31.1

A wildcard object that represents all the European stores will look like this:

Wildcard IP address 192.30.32.1 (the region)

Wildcard netmask 0.0.15.0 (for stores in the region)

For this range of IP addresses: 192.30.32-47.1

The administrator can now use these wildcard objects in the Access Control Policy:

Source Destination Action Track

Asian Stores Wildcard Database Server for Asia Accept Log

European Stores Wildcard Database Server for Europe Accept Log

Scenario Three
In this scenario, the netmask bits are not consecutive.

Wildcard IP 1 1 0 1

Wildcard mask 0 0 5 0

Wildcard IP 00000001.00000001.00000000.00000001

Wildcard Mask 00000000.00000000.00000101.00000000

Mask:

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 3 3
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Which will match only these IP addresses:

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IP Address Binary Comment

1.1.0.1 00000001.00000001.00000000.00000001 The IP address itself

1.1.1.1 00000001.00000001.00000001.00000001 The equivalent bit at position 23 does

not matter

1.1.4.1 00000001.00000001.00000100.00000001 The equivalent bit at position 21 does

not matter

1.1.5.1 00000001.00000001.00000101.00000001 The equivalent bits at positions 21 and

23 do not matter

IPv6
The same principles apply to IPv6 addresses. For example, if the wildcard object has these values:

IPv6 Address 2001::1:10:0:1:41

Wildcard netmask 0::ff:0:0

The wildcard will match: 2001::1:10:0-255:1:41

Domains
A Domain object represents a host or DNS domain by its name only. It is not necessary to have the IP
address of the site.
You can use the Domain object in the source and destination columns of an Access Control Policy.
You can configure a Domain object in two ways:
n Select FQDN
In the object name, use the Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).
Use the format .x.y.z (with a dot "." before the FQDN).
For example, if you use .www.example.com then the Security Gateway matches
www.example.com

This option is supported for R80.10 and higher, and is the default. It is more accurate and faster than
the non-FQDN option.
The Security Gateway looks up the FQDN with a direct DNS query, and uses the result in the Rule
Base.
This option supports SecureXL Accept templates.
Using Domain objects with this option in a rule has no effect on the performance of the rule, or of the
rules that come after it.
n Clear FQDN
This option enforces the domain and its sub-domains.
In the object name, use the format .x.y for the name.

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For example, use .example.com or .example.co.uk for the name.

If you use .example.com, then the Security Gateway matches www.example.com and
support.example.com

The Security Gateway resolves the name using DNS reverse lookups, which can be inaccurate.
The Security Gateway uses the result in the Rule Base, and caches the result to use again.

Updatable Objects
An Updatable Object is a network object that represents an external service, such as Office 365, AWS,
GEO locations, and more. External services providers publish lists of IP addresses or Domains or both to
allow access to their services. These lists are dynamically updated.
Updatable objects derive their contents from these published lists of the providers, which Check Point
uploads to the Check Point cloud. The updatable objects are updated automatically on the Security
Gateway each time the provider changes a list. There is no need to install policy for the updates to take
effect.
You can use updatable objects in all three types of policies: Access Control, Threat Prevention, and HTTPS
Inspection.
You can use an updatable object in the Access Control, Threat Prevention or the HTTPS Inspection policy
as a Source or a Destination. In the Threat Prevention policy, you can also use an updatable object as the
Protected Scope.
These are the currently supported external services for updatable objects:
n Online services - Office 365, Azure, and AWS
n GEO locations - The GEO database provides mapping of location data to IP addresses. For each
location, there is a network object you can import to SmartConsole. You can block or allow access to
and from specific locations based on their IP addresses.

Notes:
n For Access Control, this feature is supported on Security Gateways R80.20 and
higher.
n For Threat Prevention and HTTPS Inspection, this feature is supported on
Security Gateways R80.40 and higher.

Adding an Updatable Object to the Security Policy

A customer uses Office365 and wants to allow access to Microsoft Exchange services.

To add the Microsoft Exchange Updatable Object to the Security Gateway

1. Make sure the Security Management Server and the Security Gateway have access to the Check
Point cloud.
2. Go to SmartConsole > Security Policies > Access Control > Policy.
3. Create a new rule.
4. In the Destination column, click the + sign and select Import > Updatable Objects.
The Updatable Objects window opens.
5. Select the objects to add. For this use case, select the Exchange Services object.

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Note - You can also add objects to the Source column.

6. Click OK.
7. Install policy.
The Exchange Services object is added to the Rule Base.

Services &
No Name Source Destination VPN Action Track
Applications

1 Accept WirelessZone Exchange Any Any Accept Log

Exchange Services

2 Accept Exchange WirelessZone Any Any Accept Log

Exchange Services

You can monitor the updates in the Logs & Monitor > Logs view.

To monitor the updates

1. Go to SmartConsole > Logs & Monitor.
2. From the search bar, enter Updatable Objects.
3. Double-click the relevant log.
The Log Details window shows.
4. Succeeded shows in the Status field when the update is successful.

Dynamic Objects
A Dynamic Object is a "logical" object where the IP address is resolved differently for each Security
Gateway, using the "dynamic_objects" command.
For Security Gateways R80.10 and higher, dynamic objects support SecureXL Accept templates. Therefore,
there is no performance impact on a rule that uses a dynamic object, or on rules that come after it.
Dynamic Objects are predefined for LocalMachine-all-interfaces. The DAIP computer interfaces (static and
dynamic) are resolved into this object.

Generic Data Center Objects

From R81, you can enforce access to and from IP addresses defined in files located in external web servers.
To do that, use the Generic Data Center object in SmartConsole. The Generic Data Center object points to
a JSON file in an external server which contains the IP addresses which you want to access. This way,
when the Generic Data Center object is used in a policy, SmartConsole can retrieve the IP information from
the JSON file as necessary.
You can host the JSON file also locally on the Security Management Server.
This feature is useful in cases where one administrator creates the Rule Base and defines the objects, and
another administrator manages the content of these objects.

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This feature is supported in the Access Control, Threat Prevention, HTTPS Inspection, and NAT Rule
Bases.
The feature is supported only on a Security Management Server R81 and higher, and Security Gateway
(Cluster) R81 and higher.
After you create the Generic Data Center object, any change made in the file is automatically enforced on
the Security Gateway with no need to install policy.
To create the JSON file, follow the guidelines described in sk167210.
Using the Generic Data Center object in a Security Policy

1. In SmartConsole, go to the Object Explorer and click New > More > Cloud > Data Center >
Generic Data Center.
The New Generic Data Center object window opens.
2. Configure these fields:
a. URL - Enter the URL of the JSON file.
b. Interval - Enter the internal at which the file is sampled.
The default interval is 60 seconds.
c. Add Custom Header - If you need to add a custom header to the request to the server,
select this checkbox and enter the Key and Value.
d. Click Test Connection to make sure you can access the file.
3. Add the applicable Generic Data Center object to your Rule Base:
In the Source or Destination column, click Import > Data Center > Generic Data Center, and
select the applicable data center object from the list.

Note - The list contains all the data center objects included in you JSON file.

4. Install Policy.

Limitations
n You can make up to 15,000 changes in a JSON file between two time intervals at which the JSON file
is sampled.
n The number of generic data center objects + dynamic objects + updatable objects in all policy
packages cannot exceed 2,000.

Security Zones
With Security Zones you can create a strong Access Control Policy that controls the traffic between parts of
the network.
A Security Zone object represents a part of the network (for example, the internal network or the external
network). You assign a network interface of a Security Gateway to a Security Zone. You can then use the
Security Zone objects in the Source and Destination columns of the Rule Base.
Use Security Zones to:

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n Simplify the Policy. Apply the same rule to many Security Gateways.
n Add networks to Security Gateways interfaces without changing the Rule Base.
For example, in the diagram, we have three Security Zones for a typical network: ExternalZone (1),
DMZZone (2) and InternalZone (3).
n Security Gateway (4) has three interfaces. One interface is assigned to ExternalZone (1), one
interface is assigned to DMZZone (2), and one interface is assigned to InternalZone (3).
n Security Gateway (5) has two interfaces. One interface is assigned to ExternalZone (1) and one
interface is assigned to InternalZone (3).

A Security Gateway interface can belong to only one Security Zone. Interfaces to different networks can be
in the same Security Zone.

Workflow
1. Configure Security Zone objects.
Or, use the predefined Security Zones (see "Predefined Security Zones" on the next page ).
2. Assign Security Gateway interfaces to Security Zones (see "Creating and Assigning Security Zones"
below).
3. Use the Security Zone objects in the Source and Destination of a rule.
For example:

Source Destination VPN Service Action

InternalZone ExternalZone Any Traffic Any Accept

4. Install the Access Control Policy (see "Installing the Access Control Policy" on page 259).

Creating and Assigning Security Zones

Before you can use Security Zones in the Rule Base, you must assign Security Gateway interfaces to
Security Zones.

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To create a Security Zone

1. In the Objects bar (F11), click New > More > Network Object > Security Zone.
The Security Zone window opens.
2. Enter a name for the Security Zone.
3. Enter an optional comment or tag.
4. Click OK.

To assign an interface to a Security Zone

1. In the Gateways & Servers view, right-click a Security Gateway object and select Edit.
The Gateway Properties window opens.
2. In the Network Management pane, right-click an interface and select Edit.
The Interface window opens. The Topology area of the General pane shows the Security Zone to
which the interface is already bound. By default, the Security Zone is calculated according to where
the interface Leads To.
3. Click Modify.
The Topology Settings window opens.
4. In the Security Zone area, click User Defined and select Specify Security Zone.
5. From the drop-down box, select a Security Zone.
Or click New to create a new one.
6. Click OK.

Predefined Security Zones

These are the predefined Security Zones, and their intended purposes:
n WirelessZone - Networks that can be accessed by users and applications with a wireless connection.
n ExternalZone - Networks that are not secure, such as the Internet and other external networks.
n DMZZone - A DMZ (demilitarized zone) is sometimes referred to as a perimeter network. It contains
company servers that can be accessed from external sources.
A DMZ lets external users and applications access specific internal servers, but prevents the external
users accessing secure company networks.
Add rules to the Security Gateway Rule Base that allow traffic to the company DMZ. For example, a
rule that allows HTTP and HTTPs traffic to your web server in the DMZ.
n InternalZone - Company networks with sensitive data that must be protected and used only by
authenticated users.

Limitations
n NAT policy supports Security Zones only for R81 Security Gateways and higher.
n The Threat Prevention Policy supports Security Zones only for R81 Security Gateways and higher.

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n If the clean-up rule contains Security Zones, it might prevent the creation of Drop templates for that
rule.

Externally Managed Gateways and Hosts

An Externally Managed Security Gateway or a Host is a Security Gateway or a Host which has Check Point
software installed on it.
This Externally Managed Security Gateway is managed by an external Management Server. While it does
not receive the Check Point Security Policy, it can participate in Check Point VPN communities and
solutions.

Interoperable Devices
An Interoperable Device is a device that has no Check Point Software Blades installed.
The Interoperable Device:
n Cannot have a policy installed on it
n Can participate in Check Point VPN communities and solutions.

VoIP Domains
There are five types of VoIP Domain objects:
n VoIP Domain SIP Proxy
n VoIP Domain H.323 Gatekeeper
n VoIP Domain H.323 Gateway
n VoIP Domain MGCP Call Agent
n VoIP Domain SCCP Call Manager
In many VoIP networks, the control signals follow a different route through the network than the media. This
is the case when the call is managed by a signal routing device. Signal routing is done in SIP by the Redirect
Server, Registrar, and/or Proxy. In SIP, signal routing is done by the Gatekeeper and/or Gateway.
Enforcing signal routing locations is an important aspect of VoIP security. It is possible to specify the
endpoints that the signal routing device is allowed to manage. This set of locations is called a VoIP Domain.
For more information, see the R81.20 VoIP Administration Guide.

Logical Servers
A Logical Server is a group of machines that provides the same services. The workload of this group is
distributed between all its members.
When a Server group is stipulated in the Servers group field, the client is bound to this physical server.
There are two modes of operation:
n Persistency by Service - Once a client is connected to a physical server for a specified service,
subsequent connection to the same Logical Server and the same service will be redirected to the
same physical server for the duration of the session.

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n Persistency by Server - Once a client is connected to a physical server, subsequent connections to

the same Logical Server (for any service) are redirected to the same physical server for the duration
of the session.

Balance Method

The load balancing algorithm stipulates how the traffic is balanced between the servers. There are several
types of balancing methods:
n Server Load - The Security Gateway determines which Security Management Server is best
equipped to handle the new connection.
n Round Trip Time - On the basis of the shortest round trip time between Security Gateway and the
servers, executed by a simple ping, the Security Gateway determines which Security Management
Server is best equipped to handle the new connection.
n Round Robin - The new connection is assigned to the first available server.
n Random - The new connection is assigned to a server at random.
n Domain - The new connection is assigned to a server based on domain names.
Fore more information, see the R81.20 Quantum Security Gateway Guide > Chapter ConnectControl -
Server Load Balancing.

Open Security Extension (OSE) Devices

With the Open Security Extension (OSE) features you can manage third-party devices with the Check Point
SmartConsole. The number of managed devices, both hardware and software packets, depends on your
license. OSE devices commonly include hardware security devices for routing or dedicated Network
Address Translation and Authentication appliances. Security devices are managed in the Security Policy as
Embedded Devices.
The Security Management Server generates Access Lists from the Security Policy and downloads them to
selected routers and open security device. Check Point supports these devices:

OSE Device Supported Versions

Cisco Systems 9.x, 10.x, 11.x, 12.x

The Check Point Rule Base must not have these objects. If it does, the Security Management Server does
not generate Access Lists.
n Drop (in the Action column)
n Encrypt (Action)
n Alert (Action)
n RPC (Service)
n ACE (Service)
n Authentication Rules
n Negate Cell

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 Network Object Types

Defining OSE Device Interfaces

OSE devices report their network interfaces and setup at boot time. Each OSE device has a different
command to list its configuration. You must define at least one interface for each device, or Install Policy will
fail.

To define an OSE Device

1. From the Object Explorer, click New > More.
2. Click Network Object > More > OSE Device.
3. Enter the general properties (see "OSE Device Properties Window - "General" Tab" below).
We recommend that you also add the OSE device to the host lists on other servers: hosts (Linus)
and lmhosts (Windows).
4. Open the Topology tab and add the interfaces of the device.
You can enable Anti-Spoofing on the external interfaces of the device. Double-click the interface. In
the Interface Properties window > Topology tab, select External and Perform Anti-Spoofing.
5. Open the Setup tab and define the OSE device and its administrator credentials (see "Anti-Spoofing
Parameters and OSE Devices Setup (Cisco)" below).

OSE Device Properties Window - "General" Tab

n Name - The name of the OSE device, as it appears in the system database on the server.
n IP Address -The device's IP address.
n Get Address - Click this button to resolve the name to an address.
n Comment - Text to show on the bottom of the Network Object window when this object is selected.
n Color - Select a color from the drop-down list. The OSE device will be represented in the selected
color in SmartConsole, for easier tracking and management.
n Type - Select from the list of supported vendors.

Anti-Spoofing Parameters and OSE Devices Setup (Cisco)

For Cisco (Version 10.x and higher) devices, you must specify the direction of the filter rules generated from
anti-spoofing parameters. The direction of enforcement is specified in the Setup tab of each router.
For Cisco routers, the direction of enforcement is defined by the Spoof Rules Interface Direction property.
Access List No - The number of Cisco access lists enforced. Cisco routers Version 12x and below support
an ACL number range from 101-200. Cisco routers Version 12x and above support an ACL range number
from 101-200 and also an ACL number range from 2000-2699. Inputting this ACL number range enables the
support of more interfaces.
For each credential, select an option:
n None - Credential is not needed.
n Known - The administrator must enter the credentials.
n Prompt - The administrator will be prompted for the credentials.
Username - The name required to logon to the OSE device.

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 Network Object Types

Password - The Administrator password (Read only) as defined on the router.

Enable Username - The user name required to install Access Lists.
Enable Password - The password required to install Access Lists.
Version - The Cisco OSE device version (9.x, 10.x, 11.x, 12.x).
OSE Device Interface Direction - Installed rules are enforced on data packets traveling in this direction on
all interfaces.
Spoof Rules Interface Direction - The spoof tracking rules are enforced on data packets traveling in this
direction on all interfaces.

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 Managing Policies

Managing Policies
SmartConsole offers a number of tools that address policy management tasks, both at the definition stage
and for maintenance.
At the definition stage:
n Policy Packages let you group different types of policies, to be installed together on the same
installation targets.
n Predefined Installation Targets let you associate each package with a set of gateways. You do not
have to repeat the gateway selection process each time you install a Policy Package.
At the maintenance level:
n Search gives versatile search capabilities for network objects and the rules in the Rule Base.
n Database version control lets you track past changes to the database.

Working with Policy Packages

A policy package is a collection of different types of policies. After installation, the Security Gateway
enforces all the policies in the package. A policy package can have one or more of these policy types:
n Access Control - consists of these types of rules:
l Firewall
l NAT
l Application & URL Filtering
l Content Awareness
n QoS - Quality of Service rules for bandwidth management
n Desktop Security - the Firewall policy for endpoint computers that have the Endpoint Security VPN
remote access client installed as a standalone client.
n Threat Prevention - consists of:
l IPS - IPS protections continually updated by IPS Services
l Anti-Bot - Detects bot-infected machines, prevents bot damage by blocking bot commands and
Control (C&C) communications
l Anti-Virus - Includes heuristic analysis, stops viruses, worms, and other malware at the
gateway
l Threat Emulation - Detects zero-day and advanced polymorphic attacks by opening suspicious
files in a sandbox
l Threat Extraction- Extracts potentially malicious content from e-mail attachments before they
enter the corporate network
n HTTPS Inspection - Consists of rules to inspect traffic encrypted by the Transport Layer Security
(TLS) protocol between internal browser clients and web servers.

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Important - Legacy SmartDashboard does not show the QoS and Desktop policies
when an administrator with read-only permissions is logged in, and the "Desktop
Security" policy is enabled in the policy package.

The installation process:

n Runs a heuristic verification on rules to make sure they are consistent and that there are no
redundant rules.
If there are verification errors, the policy is not installed. If there are verification warnings (for example,
if anti-spoofing is not enabled for a Security Gateway with multiple interfaces), the policy package is
installed with a warning.
n Makes sure that each of the Security Gateways enforces at least one of the rules. If none of the rules
are enforced, the default drop rule is enforced.
n Distributes the user database and object database to the selected installation targets.
You can create different policy packages for different types of sites in an organization.
Example

An organization has four sites, each with its own requirements. Each site has a different set of Software
Blades installed on the Security Gateways:

Item Security Gateway Installed Software Blades

1 Sales California Firewall, VPN

2 Sales Alaska Firewall, VPN, IPS, DLP

3 Executive management Firewall, VPN, QoS, and Mobile Access

4 Server farm Firewall

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 Managing Policies

Item Security Gateway Installed Software Blades

5 Internet

To manage these different types of sites efficiently, you need to create three different Policy Packages .
Each Package includes a combination of policy types that correspond to the Software Blades installed on
the site's Security Gateway. For example:
n A policy package that includes the Access Control policy type. The Access Control policy type
controls the firewall, NAT, Application & URL Filtering, and Content Awareness Software Blades.
This package also determines the VPN configuration.
Install the Access Control policy package on all Security Gateways.
n A policy package that includes the QoS policy type for the QoS blade on Security Gateway that
manages bandwidth.
Install this policy package on the executive management Security Gateway.
n A policy package that includes the Desktop Security Policy type for the Security Gateway that
handles Mobile Access.
Install this policy package on the executive management Security Gateway.

Creating a New Policy Package

1. From the Menu, select Manage policies and layers.

The Manage policies and layers window opens.
2. Click New.
The New Policy window opens.
3. Enter a name for the policy package.
4. In the General page > Policy types section, select one or more of these policy types:
n Access Control & HTTPS Inspection
n Threat Prevention
n QoS, select Recommended or Express
n Desktop Security
To see the QoS, and Desktop Security policy types, enable them on one or more Gateways:
Go to gateway editor > General Properties > Network Security tab:
n For QoS, select QoS
n For Desktop Security, select IPSec VPN and Policy Server Pol
5. On the Installation targets page, select the gateways the policy will be installed on:
n All gateways
n Specific gateways - For each gateway, click the [+] sign and select it from the list.
To install Policy Packages correctly and eliminate errors, each Policy Package is associated with a
set of appropriate installation targets.
6. Click OK.

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 Managing Policies

7. Click Close.
The new policy shows on the Security Policies page.

Adding a Policy Type to an Existing Policy Package

1. From the Menu, select Manage policies and layers.

The Manage policies and layers window opens.
2. Select a policy package and click the Edit button.
3. The New Policy package window opens.
4. On the General > Policy types page, select the policy type to add:
n Access Control& HTTPS Inspection
n Threat Prevention
n QoS, select Recommended or Express
n Desktop Security
5. Click OK.

Installing a Policy Package

1. On the Global Toolbar, click Install Policy.

The Install Policy window opens and shows the installation targets (Security Gateways).
2. From the Select a policy menu, select a policy package.
3. Select one or more policy types that are available in the package.
4. Select the Install Mode:
n Install on each selected gateway independently - Install the policy on each target gateway
independently of others, so that if the installation fails on one of them, it doesn't affect the
installation on the rest of the target gateways.
Note - If you select For Gateway clusters install on all the members, if fails do not install
at all, the Security Management Server makes sure that it can install the policy on all cluster
members before it begins the installation. If the policy cannot be installed on one of the
members, policy installation fails for all of them.
n Install on all selected gateways, if it fails do not install on gateways of the same version
- Install the policy on all the target gateways. If the policy fails to install on one of the
gateways, the policy is not installed on other target gateways.
5. Click Install.

Installing the User Database

When you make changes to user definitions through SmartConsole, they are saved to the user database
on the Security Management Server. User authentication methods and encryption keys are also saved in
this database. The user database does not contain information about users defined externally to the
Security Gateway (such as users in external User Directory groups), but it does contain information about
the external groups themselves (for example, on which Account Unit the external group is defined).
Changes to external groups take effect only after the policy is installed, or the user database is
downloaded from the Security Management Server.

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 Managing Policies

You must choose to install the policy or the user database, based on the changes you made:
n Install the policy, if you modified additional components of the Policy Package (for example, added
new Security Policy rules) that are used by the installation targets
n Install the user database, if you only changed the user definitions or the administrator definitions -
from the Menu, select Install Database
The user database is installed on:
n Security Gateways - during policy installation
n Check Point hosts with one or more Management Software Blades enabled - during database
installation
You can also install the user database on Security Gateways and on a remote server, such as a Log
Server, from the command line interface on the Security Management Server.

To install user database from the command line interface:

On the Security Management Server, run in the Expert mode:

fwm dbload <Main IP address of Name of Security Gateway Object>

For more information, see the R81.20 CLI Reference Guide - Chapter Security Management Server
Commands - Section fwm - Sub-section fwm dbload.

Note - Check Point hosts that do not have active Management Software Blades do
not get the user database installed on them.

Uninstalling a Policy Package

You can uninstall a policy package through a command line interface on the gateway.
To uninstall a policy package

1. Connect to the command line on the Security Gateway.

2. Log in to the Expert mode.
3. Run:

fw unloadlocal

Warning
n The "fw unloadlocal" command prevents all traffic from passing
through the Security Gateway (Cluster Member), because it disables the IP
Forwarding in the Linux kernel on the Security Gateway (Cluster Member).
n The "fw unloadlocal" command removes all policies from the Security
Gateway (Cluster Member). This means that the Security Gateway (Cluster
Member) accepts all incoming connections destined to all active interfaces
without any filtering or protection enabled.
For more information, see the R81.20 CLI Reference Guide - Chapter Security Gateway Commands -
Section fw - Sub-section fw unloadlocal.

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 Viewing Rule Logs

Viewing Rule Logs

You can search for the logs that are generated by a specific rule, from the Security Policy or from the Logs &
Monitor > Logs tab.

To see logs generated by a rule (from the Security Policy)

1. In SmartConsole, go to the Security Policies view.
2. In the Access Control Policy or Threat Prevention Policy, select a rule.
3. In the bottom pane, click one of these tabs to see:
n Logs - By default, shows the logs for the Current Rule. You can filter them by Source,
Destination, Blade, Action, Service, Port, Source Port, Rule (Current rule is the default),
Origin, User, or Other Fields.
n History (Access Control Policy only) - List of rule operations (Audit logs) related to the rule in
chronological order, with the information about the rule type and the administrator that made
the change.

To see logs generated by a rule (by Searching the Logs)

1. In SmartConsole, go to the Security Policies view.
2. In the Access Control Policy or Threat Prevention Policy, select a rule.
3. Right-click the rule number and select Copy Rule UID.
4. In the Logs & Monitor > Logs tab, search for the logs in one of these ways:
n Paste the Rule UID into the query search bar and press Enter.
n For faster results, use this syntax in the query search bar:
layer_uuid_rule_uuid:*_<UID>

For example, paste this into the query search bar and press Enter:
layer_uuid_rule_uuid:*_46f0ee3b-026d-45b0-b7f0-5d71f6d8eb10

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 Policy Installation History

Policy Installation History

How to work with the policy installation history
In the Installation History you can choose a Security Gateway, a date and time when the Policy was
installed, and:
n See the revisions that were installed on the Security Gateway and who installed the Policy.
n See the changes that were installed and who made the changes.
n Revert to a specific version, and install the last "good" Policy.

To work with the Policy installation history:

1. In SmartConsole, go to Security Policies.
2. From the Access Tools or the Threat Prevention Tools, select Installation History.
3. In the Gateways section, select a Security Gateway.
4. In the Policy Installation History section, select an installation date.
5. Perform the applicable action:
n To see the revisions that were installed and who made them:
Click View installed changes.
n To see the changes that were installed and who made them :
Click View.
n To revert to a specific version of the policy:
Click Install specific version.

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 Concurrent Install Policy

Concurrent Install Policy

Starting from R81, one administrator or more can run different policy installation tasks on multiple gateways
at the same time. In earlier versions, you can only run the same policy installation task on multiple gateways
at the same time.
Concurrent Install Policy only supports the Access Control and Threat Prevention policies. It does not
support the Desktop and QoS policies.
The maximum number of policy installation tasks (of different policies) that can run at the same time is 5. If
more than 5 policy installation requests are sent, any request beyond the first 5 gets in a queue.
The running and the queued tasks appear in the Recent Tasks window at the bottom left of your screen.
Note - In the first installation, you cannot install both the Access Control and Threat Prevention policies on
the same gateway at the same time. You must install one and then the other.

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 Accelerated Install Policy

Accelerated Install Policy

R81 introduces the Accelerated Install Policy feature for the Access Control policy. When the Access
Control policy installation is accelerated, the installation duration is decreased significantly.
Policy installation is accelerated depending on the changes that were made to the Access Control policy
since the last installation.
For example, creating a Host object and adding it to an Access Control rule triggers accelerated policy
installation.
For more information about accelerated install policy and a detailed list on the events that trigger
accelerated policy installation, see sk169096.

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 Creating an Access Control Policy

Creating an Access Control Policy

This section provides the instructions for working with Access Control Policies.

Introducing the Unified Access Control Policy

Define one, unified Access Control Policy. The Access Control Policy lets you create a simple and granular
Rule Base that combines all these Access Control features:
n Firewall - Control access to and from the internal network.
n Application & URL Filtering - Block applications and sites.
n Content Awareness - Restrict the Data Types that users can upload or download.
n IPsec VPN and Mobile Access - Configure secure communication with Site-to-Site and Remote
Access VPN.
n Identity Awareness - Identify users, computers, and networks.
There is no need to manage separate Rule Bases. For example, you can define one, intuitive rule that:
Allows users in specified networks, to use a specified application, but prevents downloading files larger than
a specified size. You can use all these objects in one rule:
n Security Zones
n Services
n Applications and URLs
n Data Types
n Access Roles
Information about these features is collected in one log:
n Network
n Protocol
n Application
n User
n Accessed resources
n Data Types

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 The Columns of the Access Control Rule Base

The Columns of the Access Control Rule Base

These are the columns of the rules in the Access Control policy. Not all of these are shown by default. To
select a column that does not show, right-click on the header of the Rule Base, and select it.

Column Description

No Rule number in the Rule Base Layer.

Hits Number of times that connections match a rule.

See "Analyzing the Rule Base Hit Count" on page 261.

Name Name that the system administrator gives this rule.

Source Network objects that define:

Destination n Where the traffic starts
n The destination of the traffic
See "Source and Destination Column" below.

VPN The VPN Community to which the rule applies.

See "VPN Column" on the next page.

Services & Services, Applications, Categories, and Sites.

Applications If Application & URL Filtering is not enabled, only Services show.
See "Services & Applications Column" on page 212.

Content The data asset to protect, for example, credit card numbers or medical records.
You can set the direction of the data to Download Traffic (into the organization),
Upload Traffic (out of the organization), or Any Direction.
See "Content Column" on page 215.

Action Action that is done when traffic matches the rule. Options include: Accept, Drop, Ask,
Inform (UserCheck message), Inline Layer, and Reject.
See "Actions" on page 217.

Track Tracking and logging action that is done when traffic matches the rule.
See "Tracking Column" on page 218.

Install On Network objects that will get the rule(s) of the policy.
See "Installing the Access Control Policy" on page 259.

Time Time period that this rule is enforced.

Comment An optional field that lets you summarize the rule.

Source and Destination Column

In the Source and Destination columns of the Access Control Policy Rule Base, you can add Network
objects including groups of all types.
Here are some of the Network objects you can include:

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 The Columns of the Access Control Rule Base

n Network (see "Networks" on page 185 and "Network Groups" on page 185)

n Host
n Zones (see "Security Zones" on page 193)
n Dynamic Objects (see "Dynamic Objects" on page 192)
n Domain Objects (see "Domains" on page 190)
n Access Roles
n Updatable Objects (see "Updatable Objects" on page 191)

To Learn More About Network Objects

You can add network objects to the Source and Destination columns of the Access Control Policy. See
"Managing Objects" on page 181.

VPN Column
You can configure rules for Site-to-Site VPN, Remote Access VPN, and the Mobile Access Portal and
clients.
To make a rule for a VPN Community, add a Site-to-Site Community or a Remote Access VPN Community
object to this column, or select Any to make the rule apply to all VPN Communities.
When you enable Mobile Access on a Security Gateway, the Security Gateway is automatically added to the
RemoteAccess VPN Community. Include that Community in the VPN column of the rule or use Any to
make the rule apply to Mobile Access Security Gateways. If the Security Gateway was removed from the
VPN Community, the VPN column must contain Any.

IPsec VPN

The IPsec VPN solution lets the Security Gateway encrypt and decrypt traffic to and from other Security
Gateways and clients. Use SmartConsole SmartConsole to easily configure VPN connections between
Security Gateways and remote devices.
For Site-to-Site Communities, you can configure Star and Mesh topologies for VPN networks, and include
third-party gateways.
The VPN tunnel guarantees:
n Authenticity - Uses standard authentication methods
n Privacy - All VPN data is encrypted
n Integrity - Uses industry-standard integrity assurance methods

IKE and IPsec

The Check Point VPN solution uses these secure VPN protocols to manage encryption keys, and send
encrypted packets. IKE (Internet Key Exchange) is a standard key management protocol that is used to
create the VPN tunnels. IPsec is protocol that supports secure IP communications that are authenticated
and encrypted on private or public networks.

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 The Columns of the Access Control Rule Base

Mobile Access to the Network

Check Point Mobile Access lets remote users easily and securely use the Internet to connect to internal
networks. Remote users start a standard HTTPS request to the Mobile Access Security Gateway, and
authenticate with one or more secure authentication methods.
The Mobile Access Portal lets mobile and remote workers connect easily and securely to critical resources
over the internet. Check Point Mobile Apps enable secure encrypted communication from unmanaged
smartphones and tablets to your corporate resources. Access can include internal apps, email, calendar,
and contacts.
To include access to Mobile Access applications in the Rule Base, include the Mobile Application in the
Services & Applications column.
To give access to resources through specified remote access clients, create Access Roles for the clients
and include them in the Source column of a rule.

To Learn More About VPN

To learn more about Site-to-Site VPN and Remote Access VPN, see these guides:
n R81.20 Site to Site VPN Administration Guide
n R81.20 Remote Access VPN Administration Guide
n R81.20 Mobile Access Administration Guide

Services & Applications Column

In the Services & Applications column of the Access Control Rule Base, define the applications, sites, and
services that are included in the rule. A rule can contain one or more:
n Services
n Applications
n Mobile Applications for Mobile Access
n Web sites
n Default categories of Internet traffic
n Custom groups or categories that you create, that are not included in the Check Point Application
Database.

Service Matching

The Security Gateway identifies (matches) a service according to IP protocol, TCP and UDP port number,
and protocol signature.
To make it possible for the Security Gateway to match services by protocol signature, you must enable
Application & URL Filtering on the Security Gateway and on the Ordered Layer (see "Enabling Access
Control Features" on page 240 ).
You can configure TCP and UDP services to be matched by source port.

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 The Columns of the Access Control Rule Base

Application Matching

If an application is allowed in the policy, the rule is matched only on the Recommended services of the
application. This default setting is more secure than allowing the application on all services. For example: a
rule that allows Facebook, allows it only on the Application Control Web Browsing Services: http, https,
HTTP_proxy, and HTTPS_proxy.
If an application is blocked in the policy, it is blocked on all services. It is therefore blocked on all ports.
You can change the default match settings for applications.
Configuring Matching for an Allowed Application

You can configure how a rule matches an application or category that is allowed in the policy. You can
configure the rule to match the application in one of these ways:
n On any service
n On a specified service
To do this, change the Match Settings of the application or category. The application or category is
changed everywhere that it is used in the policy.

To change the matched services for an allowed application or category:

1. In a rule which has applications or categories in the Services & Applications column, double-click
an application or category.
2. Select Match Settings.
3. Select an option:
n The default is Recommended services. The defaults for Web services are the Application
Control Web Browsing Services.
n To match the application with all services, click Any.
n To match the application on specified services, click Customize, and add or remove
services.
n To match the application with all services and exclude specified services, click Customize,
add the services to exclude, and select Negate.
4. Click OK.

Configuring Matching for Blocked Applications

By default, if an application is blocked in the policy, it is blocked on all services. It is therefore blocked on
all ports.
You can configure the matching for blocked applications so that they are matched on the recommended
services. For Web applications, the recommended services are the Application Control Web browsing
services.
If the match settings of the application are configured to Customize, the blocked application is matched
on the customized services service. It is not matched on all ports.

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 The Columns of the Access Control Rule Base

To configure matching for blocked applications:

1. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Blades > Application & URL Filtering > Advanced
Settings > Application Port Match
2. Configure Match application on 'Any' port when used in 'Block' rule:
n Selected - This is the default. If an application is blocked in the Rule Base, the application is
matched to Any port.
n Not selected - If an application is blocked in the Rule Base, the application is matched to the
services that are configured in the application object of the application. However, some
applications are still matched on Any. These are applications (Skype, for example) that do
not limit themselves to a standard set of services.

Summary of Application Matching in a "Block" Rule

Application - Match Checkbox: Match web application on 'Any' Blocked Application is

Setting port when used in 'Block' rule Matched on Service

Recommended Selected (default) Any

services (default)

Recommended Not selected Recommended services

services (default)

Customize Not relevant Customized

Any Not relevant Any

Adding Services, Applications, and Sites to a rule

You can add services, applications and sites to a rule.

Note - Rules with applications or categories do not apply to connections from or to the Security Gateway.

To add services, applications or sites to a rule:

1. In the Security Policies view of SmartConsole, go to the Access Control Policy.
2. To add applications to a rule, select a Layer with Applications and URL Filtering enabled.
3. Right-click the Services & Applications cell for the rule and select Add New Items.
4. Search for the services, sites, applications, or categories.
5. Click the + next to the ones you want to add.

Creating Custom Applications, Categories, and Groups

You can create custom applications, categories or groups, which are not included in the Check Point
Application Database.

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 The Columns of the Access Control Rule Base

To create a new application or site:

1. In the Security Policies view of SmartConsole, go to the Access Control Policy.
2. Select a Layer with Applications and URL Filtering enabled.
3. Right-click the Services & Applications cell for the rule and select Add New Items.
The Application viewer window opens.
4. Click New > Custom Applications/Site > Application/Site.
5. Enter a name for the object.
6. Enter one or more URLs.
If you used a regular expression in the URL, click URLs are defined as Regular Expressions.

Note - If the application or site URL is defined as a regular expression you

must use the correct syntax. See sk165094.

7. Click OK.

To create a custom category

1. In the Security Policies view of SmartConsole, go to the Access Control Policy.

2. Select a Layer with Applications and URL Filtering enabled.
3. Right-click the Services & Applications cell for the rule and select Add New Items.
The Application viewer window opens.
4. Click New > Custom Applications/Site > User Category.
5. Enter a name for the object.
6. Enter a description for the object.
7. Click OK.

Services and Applications on R77.30 and Lower Security Gateways, and after Upgrade

For Security Gateways R77.30 and lower:

n The Security Gateway matches TCP and UDP services by port number. The Security Gateway
cannot match services by protocol signature.
n The Security Gateway matches applications by the application signature.
When you upgrade the Security Management Server to R80 and higher and the Security Gateways to
R80.10 and higher, this change of behavior occurs:
n Applications that were defined in the Application & URL Filtering Rule Base are accepted on their
recommended ports

Content Column
You can add Data Types to the Content column of rules in the Access Control Policy.

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 The Columns of the Access Control Rule Base

To use the Content column, you must enable Content Awareness, in the General Properties page of the
Security Gateway, and on the Layer.
A Data Type is a classification of data. The Security Gateway classifies incoming and outgoing traffic
according to Data Types, and enforces the Policy accordingly.
You can set the direction of the data in the Policy to Download Traffic (into the organization), Upload Traffic
(out of the organization), or Any Direction.
There are two kinds of Data Types: Content Types (classified by analyzing the file content) and File Types
(classified by analyzing the file ID).
Content Type examples:
n PCI - credit card numbers
n HIPAA - Medical Records Number - MRN
n International Bank Account Numbers - IBAN
n Source Code - JAVA
n U.S. Social Security Numbers - According to SSA
n Salary Survey Terms
File type examples:
n Viewer File - PDF
n Executable file
n Database file
n Document file
n Presentation file
n Spreadsheet file

Notes:
n The Content Awareness Software Blade supports HTTP, HTTPS, SMTP, and
FTP protocols on all ports. It is fully integrated with the Access Control unified
Rule Base. Traffic over QUIC and WebSocket is not inspected . You can use
'Quic protocol' / 'WebSocket protocol' in a new Application rule to Drop or Allow
this traffic.HTTP connections that are not RFC-compliant are not inspected.
n The Content Awareness Software Blade does not match Binary Certificate *.cer
files to the 'Certificates and Private Keys' Data Type.
n Content Awareness and Data Loss Prevention (DLP) both use Data Types.
However, they have different features and capabilities. They work independently,
and the Security Gateway enforces them separately.
To learn more about the Data Types, open the Data Type object in SmartConsole and press the ? button (or
F1 key) to see the Help.
To learn more about DLP, see the R81.20 Data Loss Prevention Administration Guide.

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 The Columns of the Access Control Rule Base

Actions

Action Meaning

Accept Accepts the traffic

Drop Drops the traffic. The Security Gateway does not send a response to the originating
end of the connection and the connection eventually does a time-out. If no UserCheck
object is defined for this action, no page is displayed.

Ask Asks the user a question and adds a confirmatory check box, or a reason box. Uses a
UserCheck object.

Inform Sends a message to the user attempting to access the application or the content. Uses
a UserCheck object.

To see these actions, right-click and select More:

Reject Rejects the traffic. The Security Gateway sends an RST packet to the originating end of
the connection and the connection is closed.

UserCheck Configure how often the user sees the configured message when the action is ask,
Frequency inform, or block.

Confirm Select the action that triggers a UserCheck message:

UserCheck
n Per rule - UserCheck message shows only once when traffic matches a rule.
n Per category - UserCheck message shows for each matching category in a rule.
n Per application/Site - UserCheck message shows for each matching
application/site in a rule.
n Per Data type - UserCheck message shows for each matching data type.

Limit Limits the bandwidth that is permitted for a rule.

Add a Limit object to configure a maximum throughput for uploads and downloads.
Important:
After policy installation, a bandwidth limit is not enforced on a connection that
is matched to an Access Control rule with the Action "Limit" in one of these
scenarios:
n The 'Keep all connections' option is selected in the security object
n The 'Keep connections open after the policy has been installed'
option is selected in the Service object used in this rule

Enable Redirects HTTP traffic to an authentication (captive) portal. After the user is
Identity authenticated, new connections from this source are inspected without requiring
Captive authentication.
Portal
Important - A rule that drops traffic, with the Source and Destination
parameters defined as Any, also drops traffic to and from the Captive Portal.

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 The Columns of the Access Control Rule Base

UserCheck Actions

When you enable the UserCheck feature, the Security Gateway sends messages to users about possible
non-compliant or dangerous Internet browsing, based on the rules an administrator configures in the
Security Policy. This help users prevent security incidents and learn about the organizational security policy.
Create UserCheck objects and use them in the Rule Base, to communicate with the users. These actions
use UserCheck objects:
n Inform
n Ask
n Drop
For more information, see the UserCheck section.

UserCheck on a Security Gateway

When UserCheck is enabled, the user's Internet browser shows the UserCheck messages in a new window.
You can enable UserCheck on Security Gateways that use:
n Data Loss Prevention
n Access Control:
l Application Control
l URL Filtering
l Content Awareness
n Threat Prevention:
l Anti-Bot
l Anti-Virus
l Threat Emulation
l Threat Extraction
l Zero Phishing

UserCheck on a computer
The UserCheck Client is installed on endpoint computers. This client:
n Sends messages for applications that are not based on Internet browsers, such as Skype and iTunes,
and Internet browser add-ons and plug-ins.
n Shows a message on the computer when it cannot be shown in the Internet browser.

Tracking Column
These are some of the Tracking options:
n None - Do not generate a log.
n Log -This is the default Track option. It shows all the information that the Security Gateway used to
match the connection.

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 The Columns of the Access Control Rule Base

n Accounting - Select this to update the log at 10 minute intervals, to show how much data has passed
in the connection: Upload bytes, Download bytes, and browse time.

To Learn More About Tracking

To learn more about Tracking options, see the R81.20 Logging and Monitoring Administration Guide.

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 Rule Matching in the Access Control Policy

Rule Matching in the Access Control Policy

The Security Gateway determines the rule to apply to a connection. This is called matching a connection.
Understanding how the Security Gateway matches connections will help you:
n Get better performance from the Rule Base.
n Understand the logs that show a matched connection.
Examples of Rule Matching

These example Rule Bases show how the Security Gateway matches connections.
Note that these Rule Bases intentionally do not follow the best practices for Access Control Rules (see
"Best Practices for Access Control Rules" on page 257). This is to make the explanations of rule
matching clearer.
Rule Base Matching - Example 1

For this Rule Base:

Services &
No Source Destination Content Action
Applications

1 InternalZone Internet ftp-pasv Download Drop

executable file

2 Any Any Any Executable file Accept

3 Any Any Gambling Any Drop

(Category)

4 Any Any Any Any Accept

This is the matching procedure for an FTP connection:

Part of Security Gateway

Inspection result
connection action

SYN Run the Rule Base: Final match (drop on rule 1).
Look for the first rule Shows in the log.
that matches: The Security Gateway does not turn on the inspection
engines for the other rules.
n Rule 1 - Match.

Rule Base Matching - Example 2

For this Rule Base:

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 Rule Matching in the Access Control Policy

Services &
No. Source Destination Content Action
Applications

1 InternalZone Internet Any Download Drop

executable file

2 Any Any Gambling Any Drop

(category)

3 Any Any ftp Any Drop

4 Any Any Any Any Accept

This is the matching procedure when browsing to a file sharing Web site. Follow the rows from top to
bottom. Follow each row from left to right:

Part of
Security Gateway action Inspection result
connection

SYN Run the Rule Base. Possible match (Continue to

Look for the first rule that matches: inspect the connection).
n Rule 1 - Possible match.
n Rule 2 - Possible match.
n Rule 3 - No match.
n Rule 4 - Match.

HTTP Header The Security Gateway turns on inspection Application: File sharing
engines to examine the data in the connection. (category).
In this example turn on the: Content: Don't know yet.
n URL Filtering engine - Is it a gambling
site?
n Content Awareness engine - Is it an
executable file?

Optimize the Rule Base matching. Possible match (Continue to

Look for the first rule that matches: inspect the connection).
n Rule 1 - Possible match.
n Rule 2 - No match.
n Rule 3 - No match.
n Rule 4 - Match.

HTTP Body Examine the file. Data: PDF file.

Optimize the Rule Base matching. Final match (accept on rule

Look for the first rule that matches: 4).
Shows in the log.
n Rule 1 - No match.
n Rule 2 - No match.
n Rule 3 - No match.
n Rule 4 - Match.

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 Rule Matching in the Access Control Policy

Rule Base Matching - Example 3

For this Rule Base:

Services &
No. Source Destination Content Action
Applications

1 InternalZone Internet Any Download Drop

executable file

2 Any Any Gambling Any Drop

(Category)

3 Any Any Any Any Accept

This is the matching procedure when downloading an executable file from a business Web site.
Follow the rows from top to bottom. Follow each row from left to right:

Part of
Security Gateway action Inspection result
connection

SYN Run the Rule Base. Possible match (Continue

Look for the first rule that matches: to inspect the connection).
n Rule 1 - Possible match.
n Rule 2 - Possible match.
n Rule 3 - Match.

HTTP Header The Security Gateway turns on inspection Application: Business

engines to examine the content in the connection. (Category).
In this example turn on the: Content: Don't know yet.
n URL Filtering engine - Is it a gambling site?
n Content Awareness engine - Is it an
executable file?

Optimize the Rule Base matching. Possible match (Continue

Look for the first rule that matches: to inspect the connection).
n Rule 1 - Possible match.
n Rule 2 - No match.
n Rule 3 - Match.

HTTP Body Examine the file. Content: Executable file.

Optimize the Rule Base matching. Final match (accept on rule

Look for the first rule that matches: 1).
Shows in the log.
n Rule 1 - Match.
n Rule 2 - No match.
n Rule 3 - Match.

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 Rule Matching in the Access Control Policy

The matching examples show that:

n The Security Gateway sometimes runs the Rule Base more than one time. Each time it runs,
the Security Gateway optimizes the matching, to find the first rule that applies to the
connection.
n If the rule includes an application, or a site, or a service with a protocol signature (in the
Application and Services column), or a Data Type (in the Content column), the Security
Gateway:
l Turns on one or more inspection engines.
l Postpones making the final match decision until it has inspected the body of the
connection.
n The Security Gateway searches for the first rule that applies to (matches) a connection. If the
Security Gateway does not have all the information it needs to identify the matching rule, it
continues to inspect the traffic.

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 Creating a Basic Access Control Policy

Creating a Basic Access Control Policy

A Security Gateway controls access to computers, clients, servers, and applications using a set of rules that
make up an Access Control Rule Base. You need to configure a Rule Base with secure Access Control and
optimized network performance.
A strong Access Control Rule Base:
n Allows only authorized connections and prevents vulnerabilities in a network.
n Gives authorized users access to the correct internal resources.
n Efficiently inspects connections.

Basic Rules
Best Practice - These are basic Access Control rules we recommend for all Rule Bases:
n Stealth rule that prevents direct access to the Security Gateway
n Cleanup rule that drops all traffic that is not matched by the earlier rules in the
policy

Use Case - Basic Access Control

This use case shows a Rule Base for a simple Access Control security policy. (The Hits, VPN and Content
columns are not shown.)

Services &
No Name Source Destination Action Track Install On
Applications

1 Admin Admins Group of Any Accept Log Policy

Access to (Access Security Targets
Security Role) Gateways
Gateways

2 Stealth Any Group of Any Drop Alert Policy

Security Targets
Gateways

3 Critical Internal Finance Any Accept Log CorpGW

subnet HR
R&D

4 Tech TechSupport Remote1- HTTP Accept Alert Remote1GW

support web

5 DNS Any DNS Domain UDP Accept None Policy

server Targets

6 Mail and Any DMZ HTTP Accept Log Policy

Web HTTPS Targets
servers SMTP

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 Creating a Basic Access Control Policy

Services &
No Name Source Destination Action Track Install On
Applications

7 SMTP Mail NOT SMTP Accept Log Policy

Internal Targets
net group

8 DMZ & IntGroup Any Any Accept Log Policy

Internet Targets

9 Cleanup Any Any Any Drop Log Policy

rule Targets

Explanations for rules:

Rule Explanation

1 Admin Access to Gateways - SmartConsole administrators are allowed to connect to the

Security Gateways.

2 Stealth - All internal traffic that is NOT from the SmartConsole administrators to one of the
Security Gateways is dropped. When a connection matches the Stealth rule, an alert window
opens in SmartView Monitor.

3 Critical subnet - Traffic from the internal network to the specified resources is logged. This
rule defines three subnets as critical resources: Finance, HR, and R&D.

4 Tech support - Allows the Technical Support server to access the Remote-1 web server which
is behind the Remote-1 Security Gateway. Only HTTP traffic is allowed. When a packet
matches the Tech support rule, the Alert action is done.

5 DNS server - Allows UDP traffic to the external DNS server. This traffic is not logged.

6 Mail and Web servers - Allows incoming traffic to the mail and web servers that are located in
the DMZ. HTTP, HTTPS, and SMTP traffic is allowed.

7 SMTP - Allows outgoing SMTP connections to the mail server. Does not allow SMTP
connections to the internal network, to protect against a compromised mail server.

8 DMZ and Internet - Allows traffic from the internal network to the DMZ and Internet.

9 Cleanup rule - Drops all traffic that does not match one of the earlier rules.

Use Case - Inline Layer for Each Department

This use case shows a basic Access Control Policy with a sub-policy for each department. The rules for
each department are in an Inline Layer. An Inline Layer is independent of the rest of the Rule Base. You can
delegate ownership of different Layers to different administrators.

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 Creating a Basic Access Control Policy

Services &
No Name Source Destination Application Content Action Track
s

1 Critical Internal Finance Any Any Accept Log

subnet HR

2 SMTP Mail NOT smtp Any Accept Log

internal
network
(Group)

3 R&D R&D Roles Any Any Any TechSuppor N/A

department t Layer

3.1 R&D Any R&D Any Any Accept Log

servers servers
(Group)
QA network

3.2 R&D InternalZone Source ssh Any Accept Log

source control http
control servers https
(Group)

--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

3.X Cleanup Any Any Any Any Drop Log

rule

4 QA QA network Any Any Any QA Layer N/A

department

4.1 Allow Any R&D Web Any Accept Log

access to Servers Services
R&D (Group)
servers

--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

4.Y Cleanup Any Any Any Any Drop Log

rule

5 Allow all Any Employee Web Any Accept None

users to portal Services
access
employee
portal

--- --- --- --- --- --- --- ---

9 Cleanup Any Any Any Any Drop Log

rule

Explanations for rules:

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 Creating a Basic Access Control Policy

Rules Explanation

1 General rules for the whole organization.

2

3 An Inline Layer for the R&D department.

3.1 Rule 3 is the parent rules of the Inline Layer. The Action is the name of the Inline Layer.
3.2 If a packet does not match on parent rule 3:
--- Matching continues to the next rule outside the Inline Layer (rule 4).
3.X If a packet matches on parent rule 3:
Matching continues to 3.1, first rule inside the Inline Layer. If a packet matches on this rule,
the rule action is done on the packet.
If a packet does not match on rule 3.1, continue to the next rule inside the Inline Layer, rule
3.2. If there is no match, continue to the remaining rules in the Inline Layer. --- means one or
more rules.
The packet is matched only inside the inline layer. It never leaves the inline layer, because
the inline layer has an implicit cleanup rule. It is not matched on rules 4, 5 and the other rules
in the Ordered Layer.
Rule 3.X is a cleanup rule. It drops all traffic that does not match one of the earlier rules in
the Inline Layer. This is a default explicit rule. You can change or delete it.
Best Practice - Have an explicit cleanup rule as the last rule in each Inline Layer and
Ordered Layer.

4 Another Inline Layer, for the QA department.

4.1
---
4.Y

5 More general rules for the whole organization.

-- One or more rules.

9 Cleanup rule - Drop all traffic that does not match one of the earlier rules in the Ordered
Layer. This is a default explicit rule. You can change or delete it.
Best Practice - Have an explicit cleanup rule as the last rule in each Inline Layer and
Ordered Layer.

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 Default Cell Values

Default Cell Values

Starting from R81.10:
n The default value for the Source, Destination, and Services & Applications columns in a new rule is
"None".
In versions R81 and lower, the default value for these columns in a new rule is "Any".
n The default value a cell gets after removing the last object from the cell is "None".
The "last object" is the object that remained the last object in the cell after all other objects were
removed.
In versions R81 and lower, the default value for the last object deleted from a cell is "Any".
To configure the default values for the Source, Destination, and Services & Applications columns:
1. In the Manage & Settings view > Policy Settings > Rule Base Cell Settings.
2. In Security Access Defaults, select the values for the Source, Destination and Services &
Applications columns.

To configure the value for the Source, Destination, and Services & Applications columns after removing
the last object from a cell:
1. In the Manage & Settings view > Policy Settings > Rule Base Cell Settings.
2. In the After removing the last object in a cell section, select one of these options:
n Add 'None' to the cell - After removing the last object from a cell, the value in the cell becomes
"None".
n Add the object according to the Rule Base cell default - After removing the last object in a
cell, the value in the cell becomes as configured in the Security Access Defaults section.

Note - Right-click a cell to switch between "Any" and "None".

Enforcement of Rules with the Value "None"

On Security Gateways with versions from R80.10 to R81, the policy is installed without rules that contain the
value "None" in one or more cells.
On Security Gateways with versions R77.30 and lower, the policy installation if there is a rule that contains
the value "None" in one or more cells.

To configure the message which appears when a rule has "None":

Go to Manage & Settings > Policy Settings > Rule Base Cell Settings > 'None' object behavior

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 Default Cell Values

Upgrading of a Management Server from R81 and Lower

Versions
During an upgrade from R81 and lower versions:
n Default value for the Source, Destination, and Services & Applications columns remains "Any".
n Default value after the last object in a cell is removed becomes "None".

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 Creating Application Control and URL Filtering Rules

Creating Application Control and URL Filtering

Rules
Create and manage the Policy for Application Control and URL Filtering in the Access Control Policy, in the
Access Control view of SmartConsole. Application Control and URL Filtering rules define which users can
use specified applications and sites from within your organization and what application and site usage is
recorded in the logs.
To learn which applications and categories have a high risk, look through the Application Wiki in the Access
Tools part of the Security Policies view. Find ideas for applications and categories to include in your Policy.
To see an overview of your Access Control Policy and traffic, see the Access Control view in Logs &
Monitor > New Tab > Views.
Best Practice - Do not use Application Control and URL Filtering in the same rule, this
may lead to wrong rule matching. Use Application Control and URL Filtering in separate
rules. This makes sure that the URL Filtering rule is used as soon as the category is
identified. For more information, see sk174045.

Monitoring Applications

Scenario: I want to monitor all Facebook traffic in my organization. How can I do this?

To monitor all Facebook application traffic:

1. In the Security Policies view of SmartConsole, go to the Access Control Policy.
2. Select a Layer with Applications and URL Filtering enabled.
3. Click one of the Add rule toolbar buttons to add the rule in the position that you choose in the Rule
Base. The first rule matched is applied.
4. Create a rule that includes these components:
n Name - Give the rule a name, such as Monitor Facebook.
n Source - Keep it as Any so that it applies to all traffic from the organization.
n Destination - Keep it as Internet so that it applies to all traffic going to the internet or DMZ.
n Services & Applications - Click the plus sign to open the Application viewer. Add the
Facebook application to the rule:
a. Start to type "face" in the Search field. In the Available list, see the Facebook
application.
b. Click each item to see more details in the description pane.
c. Select the items to add to the rule.

Note - Applications are matched by default on their Recommended

services. You can change this (see "Configuring Matching for an
Allowed Application" on page 213). Each service runs on a specific port.
The recommended Web Browsing Services are http, https, HTTP_
proxy, and HTTPS_proxy.
n Action - Select Accept

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 Creating Application Control and URL Filtering Rules

n Track - Select Log

n Install On - Keep it as Policy Targets for or all Security Gateways, or choose specific
Security Gateways, on which to install the rule
The rule allows all Facebook traffic but logs it. You can see the logs in the Logs & Monitor view, in the
Logs tab. To monitor how people use Facebook in your organization, see the Access Control view
(SmartEvent Server required).

Blocking Applications and Informing Users

Scenario: I want to block pornographic sites in my organization, and tell the user about the violation. How
can I do this?

To block an application or category of applications and tell the user about the policy violation:
1. In the Security Policies view of SmartConsole, go to the Access Control Policy.
2. Choose a Layer with Applications and URL Filtering enabled.
3. Create a rule that includes these components:
n Services & Applications - Select the Pornography category.
n Action - Drop, and a UserCheck Blocked Message - Access Control
The message informs users that their actions are against company policy and can include a
link to report if the website is included in an incorrect category.
n Track - Log

Note - This Rule Base example contains only those columns that are
applicable to this subject.

Services & Install

Name Source Destination Action Track
Applications On

Block Any Internet Pornography Drop Log Policy

Porn (category) Blocked Targets
Message

The rule blocks traffic to pornographic sites and logs attempts to access those sites. Users who violate
the rule receive a UserCheck message that informs them that the application is blocked according to
company security policy. The message can include a link to report if the website is included in an
incorrect category.

Important - A rule that blocks traffic, with the Source and Destination parameters
defined as Any, also blocks traffic to and from the Captive Portal.

Limiting Application Traffic

Scenario: I want to limit my employees' access to streaming media so that it does not impede business
tasks.

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 Creating Application Control and URL Filtering Rules

If you do not want to block an application or category, there are different ways to set limits for employee
access:
n Add a Limit object to a rule to limit the bandwidth that is permitted for the rule.
n Add one or more Time objects to a rule to make it active only during specified times.
The example rule below:
n Allows access to streaming media during non-peak business hours only.
n Limits the upload throughput for streaming media in the company to 1 Gbps.

To create a rule that allows streaming media with time and bandwidth limits:
1. In the Security Policies view of SmartConsole, go to the Access Control Policy.
2. Choose a Layer with Applications and URL Filtering enabled.
3. Click one of the Add Rule toolbar buttons to add the rule in the position that you choose in the Rule
Base.
4. Create a rule that includes these components:
n Services & Applications - Media Streams category.
Note - Applications are matched on their Recommended services,
where each service runs on a specific port, such as the default
Application Control Web browsing Services: http, https, HTTP_
proxy, and HTTPS_proxy. To change this, see "Services &
Applications Column" on page 212.
n Action - Click More and select Action: Accept, and a Limit object.
n Time - Add a Time object that specifies the hours or time period in which the rule is active.
Note - The Time column is not shown by default in the Rule Base table. To see it, right-click
on the table header and select Time.

Services
Destinatio and Install
Name Source Action Track Time
n Applicatio On
ns

Limit Any Internet Media Accept Log All Off-

Streamin Streams Uploa Work
g Media (Category) d_
1Gbps

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 Creating Application Control and URL Filtering Rules

Important:
n In ClusterXL Load Sharing modes, the specified bandwidth limit is divided
between all configured Cluster Members, regardless of the cluster state. For
example, if a maximum limit requirement is 30 Gbps, and there are three
Cluster Members, you must configure the Limit object in the rule to 30 Gbps / 3
= 10 Gbps.
n In a Scalable PlatformSecurity Group, the specified bandwidth limit is divided
between all Security Group Members, regardless of their state. For example, if
a maximum limit requirement is 30 Gbps, and there are three Security Group
Members, you must configure the Limit object in the rule to 30 Gbps / 3 = 10
Gbps.

Using Identity Awareness Features in Rules

Scenario: I want to allow a Remote Access application for a specified group of users and block the same
application for other users. I also want to block other Remote Access applications for everyone. How can
I do this?
If you enable Identity Awareness on a Security Gateway, you can use it together with Application Control
to make rules that apply to an access role. Use access role objects to define users, machines, and
network locations as one object.
In this example:
n You have already created an Access Role Identified_Users that represents all identified users in
the organization. You can use this to allow access to applications only for users who are identified
on the Security Gateway.
n You want to allow access to the Radmin Remote Access tool for all identified users.
n You want to block all other Remote Access tools for everyone within your organization. You also
want to block any other application that can establish remote connections or remote control.

To do this, add two new rules to the Rule Base:

1. Create a rule and include these components:
n Source - The Identified_Users access role
n Destination -Internet
n Services & Applications - Radmin
n Action -Accept
2. Create another rule below and include these components:
n Source - Any
n Destination - Internet

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 Creating Application Control and URL Filtering Rules

n Services & Applications - The category: Remote Administration

n Action - Block

Services & Install

Name Source Destination Action Track
Applications On

Allow Identified_ Internet Radmin Allow Log All

Radmin to Users
Identified
Users

Block other Any Internet Remote Block Log All

Remote Administration
Admins

Notes on these rules::

n Because the rule that allows Radmin is above the rule that blocks other
Remote Administration tools, it is matched first.
n The Source of the first rule is the Identified_Users access role. If you use an
access role that represents the Technical Support department, then only users
from the technical support department are allowed to use Radmin.
n Applications are matched on their Recommended services, where each
service runs on a specific port, such as the default Application Control Web
browsing services: http, https, HTTP_proxy, and HTTPS_proxy. To
change this see Changing Services for Applications and Categories.
For more about Access Roles and Identity Awareness, see the R81.20 Identity Awareness
Administration Guide.

Blocking Sites

Scenario: I want to block sites that are associated with categories that can cause liability issues. Most of
these categories exist in the Application Database but there is also a custom defined site that must be
included. How can I do this?
You can do this by creating a custom group and adding all applicable categories and the site to it. If you
enable Identity Awareness on a Security Gateway, you can use it together with URL Filtering to make
rules that apply to an access role. Use access role objects to define users, machines, and network
locations as one object.
In this example:
n You have already created
l An Access Role that represents all identified users in the organization (Identified_Users).
l A custom application for a site named FreeMovies.
n You want to block sites that can cause liability issues for everyone within your organization.
n You will create a custom group that includes Application Database categories as well as the
previously defined custom site named FreeMovies.
To create a custom group

1. In the Object Explorer, click New > More > Custom Application/Site > Application/Site
Group.
2. Give the group a name. For example, Liability_Sites.

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 Creating Application Control and URL Filtering Rules

3. Click + to add the group members:

n Search for and add the custom application FreeMovies.
n Select Categories, and add the ones you want to block (for example Anonymizer,
Critical Risk, and Gambling)
n Click Close
4. Click OK.
You can now use the Liability_Sites group in the Access Control Rule Base.

In the Rule Base, add a rule similar to this

In the Security Policies view of SmartConsole, go to the Access Control Policy.

n Source - The Identified_Users access role
n Destination - Internet
n Services & Applications - Liability_Sites
n Action - Drop
Note - Applications are matched on their Recommended services, where
each service runs on a specific port, such as the default Application Control
Web Browsing Services: http, https, HTTP_proxy, and HTTPS_
proxy. To change this see Changing Services for Applications and
Categories.

Services &
Name Source Destination Action Track
Applications

Block sites that Identified_ Internet Liability_Sites Drop Log

may cause a Users
liability

Blocking URL Categories

Scenario: I want to block pornographic sites. How can I do this?
You can do this by creating a rule that blocks all sites with pornographic material with the Pornography
category. If you enable Identity Awareness on a Security Gateway, you can use it together with URL
Filtering to make rules that apply to an access role. Use access role objects to define users, machines, and
network locations as one object.
In this example:
n You have already created an Access Role (Identified_Users) that represents all identified users in the
organization.
n You want to block sites related to pornography.
The procedure is similar to "Blocking Applications and Informing Users" on page 231.

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 Ordered Layers and Inline Layers

Ordered Layers and Inline Layers

A policy is a set of rules that the Security Gateway enforces on incoming and outgoing traffic. There are
different policies for Access Control and for Threat Prevention.
You can organize the Access Control rules in more manageable subsets of rules using Ordered Layers and
Inline Layers.

The Need for Ordered Layers and Inline Layers

Ordered Layers and Inline Layers helps you manage your cyber security more efficiently. You can:
n Simplify the Rule Base, or organize parts of it for specific purposes.
n Organize the Policy into a hierarchy, using Inline Layers, rather than having a flat Rule Base.
An Inline Layer is a sub-policy which is independent of the rest of the Rule Base.
n Reuse Ordered Layers in multiple Policy packages, and reuse Inline Layers in multiple Layers.
n Simplify the management of the Policy by delegating ownership of different Layers to different
administrators.
n Improve performance by reducing the number of rules in a Layer.

Order of Rule Enforcement in Inline Layers

The Ordered Layer can contain Inline Layers.
This is an example of an Inline Layer:

No. Source Destination VPN Services Action

2 Lab_network Any Any Any Lab_rules

2.1 Any Any Any https Allow

http

2.2 Any Any Any Any Drop

The Inline Layer has a parent rule (Rule 2 in the example), and sub rules (Rules 2.1 and 2.2). The Action of
the parent rule is the name of the Inline Layer.
If the packet does not match the parent rule of the Inline Layer, the matching continues to the next rule of the
Ordered Layer (Rule 3).
If a packet matches the parent rule of the Inline Layer (Rule 2), the Security Gateway checks it against the
sub rules:

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 Ordered Layers and Inline Layers

n If the packet matches a sub rule in the Inline Layer (Rule 2.1), no more rule matching is done.
n If none of the higher rules in the Ordered Layer match the packet, the explicit Cleanup Rule is applied
(Rule 2.2). If this rule is missing, the Implicit Cleanup Rule is applied (see "Types of Rules in the Rule
Base" on page 241). No more rule matching is done.
Important:
n Always add an explicit Cleanup Rule at the end of each Inline Layer, and make
sure that its Action is the same as the Action of the Implicit Cleanup Rule.
n For Security Gateways R80.10 and lower, the second layer behaves like an
Application Control policy.

Order of Rule Enforcement in Ordered Layers

When a packet arrives at the Security Gateway, the Security Gateway checks it against the rules in the first
Ordered Layer, sequentially from top to bottom, and enforces the first rule that matches a packet.
If the Action of the matching rule is Drop, the Security Gateway stops matching against later rules in the
Policy Rule Base and drops the packet. If the Action is Accept, the Security Gateway continues to check
rules in the next Ordered Layer.

Item Description

1 Ordered Layer 1

2 Ordered Layer 2

3 Ordered Layer 3

If none of the rules in the Ordered Layer match the packet, the explicit Default Cleanup Rule is applied. If
this rule is missing, the Implicit Cleanup Rule is applied (see "Types of Rules in the Rule Base" on
page 241).
Every Ordered Layer has its own implicit cleanup rule. You can configure the rule to Accept or Drop in the
Layer settings (see "Configuring the Implicit Cleanup Rule" on page 243).

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 Ordered Layers and Inline Layers

Important - Always add an explicit Cleanup Rule at the end of each Ordered Layer, and
make sure that its Action is the same as the Action of the Implicit Cleanup Rule.

Creating an Inline Layer

An Inline Layer is a sub-policy, which is independent of the rest of the Rule Base.
The workflow for making an Inline Layer is:
1. Create a parent rule for the Inline Layer. Make a rule that has one or more properties that are the
same for all the rules in the Inline Layer. For example, rules that have the same source, or service, or
group of users.
2. Create sub-rules for the Inline Layer. These are rules that define in more detail what to do if the
Security Gateway matches a connection to the parent rule. For example, each sub-rule can apply to
specified hosts, or users, or services, or Data Types.
To create an Inline Layer

1. Add a rule to the Ordered Layer. This is the parent rule.

2. In the Source, Destination, VPN, and Services & Applications cells, define the match conditions
for the Inline Layer.
3. Click the Action cell of the rule. Instead of selecting a standard action, select Inline Layer > New
Layer.
4. The Layer Editor window opens.
5. Configure the properties of the Inline Layer:
a. Enable one or more of these Blades for the rules of Inline Layer:
n Firewall
n Application & URL Filtering
n Content Awareness
n Mobile Access
b. Optional: It is a best practice to share Layers with other Policy packages when possible. To
enable this select Multiple policies can use this layer.
c. Click Advanced.
d. Configure the Implicit Cleanup Rule to Drop or Accept (see "Types of Rules in the Rule
Base" on page 241).
e. Click OK.
The name of the Inline Layer shows in the Action cell of the rule.
6. Under the parent rule of the Inline Layer, add sub-rules.
7. Make sure there is an explicit cleanup rule as the last rule of the Inline Layer (see "Types of Rules
in the Rule Base" on page 241).

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 Ordered Layers and Inline Layers

Note - A Remote Access VPN community object is not supported in the parent rule of
an Inline Layer if the action is "Inline Layer".
To resolve this issue: Use "*Any" in the parent rule instead of the Remote Access
VPN community object. You can use the Remote Access VPN community object in
the rules in the inline layer.

Creating an Ordered Layer

To create an Ordered Layer

1. In SmartConsole, click Menu > Manage Policies and Layers.

2. In the left pane, click Layers.
You will see a list of the Layers. You can select Show only shared Layers.
3. Click the New icon in the upper toolbar.
4. Configure the settings in the Layer Editor window.
5. Optional: It is a best practice to share Layers with other Policy packages when possible. To enable
this select Multiple policies can use this layer.
6. Click OK.
7. Click Close.
8. Publish the SmartConsole session.
This Ordered Layer is not yet assigned to a Policy Package.

To add an Ordered Layer to the Access Control Policy

1. In SmartConsole, click Security Policies.

2. Right-click a Layer in the Access Control Policy section and select Edit Policy.
The Policy window opens.
3. In the Access Control section, click the plus sign.
You will see a list of the Layers that you can add. These are Layers that have Multiple policies can
use this layer enabled.
4. Select the Layer.
5. Click OK.
6. Publish the SmartConsole session.

Security Gateways R77.30 or lower: To create a Layer for URL Filtering and Application Control

1. In SmartConsole, click Security Policies.

2. Right-click a Layer in the Access Control Policy section, and select Edit Policy.
The Policy window opens.
3. In the Access Control section, click the plus sign.
4. Click New Layer.

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 Ordered Layers and Inline Layers

The Layer Editor window opens and shows the General view.
5. Enable Application & URL Filtering on the Layer.
a. Enter a name for the Layer.
We recommend the name Application.
b. In the Blades section, select Application & URL Filtering.
c. Click OK and the Layer Editor window closes.
d. Click OK and the Policy window closes.
6. Publish the SmartConsole session.

Enabling Access Control Features

Before creating the Access Control Policy, you must enable the Access Control features that you will use in
the Policy.
Enable the features on the:
n Security Gateways, on which you will install the Policy.
n Ordered Layers and Inline Layers of the Policy. Here you can enable:
l Firewall. This includes VPN (see "VPN Column" on page 211).
l Application & URL Filtering (see "Services & Applications Column" on page 212).
l Content Awareness (see "Content Column" on page 215).
l Mobile Access (see "Mobile Access to the Network" on page 331).
Enabling Access Control Features on a Security Gateway

1. In SmartConsole, from the left navigation panel, click Gateways & Servers and double-click the
Security Gateway object.
The General Properties window of the Security Gateway opens.
2. From the navigation tree, click General Properties.
3. In the Network Security tab, select one or more of these Access Control features:
n IPsec VPN
n Mobile Access
n Application Control
n URL Filtering
n Content Awareness
n Identity Awareness
4. Click OK.

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 Ordered Layers and Inline Layers

Enabling Access Control Features on a Layer

To enable the Access Control features on an Ordered Layer:

1. In SmartConsole, click Security Policies.
2. Under Access Control, right-click Policy and select Edit Policy.

3. Click options for the Layer.

4. Click Edit Layer.
The Layer Editor window opens and shows the General view.
5. Enable the Blades that you will use in the Ordered Layer:
n Firewall.
n Application & URL Filtering
n Content Awareness
n Mobile Access
6. Click OK.

To enable the Access Control features on an Inline Layer

1. In SmartConsole, click Security Policies.

2. Select the Ordered Layer.
3. In the parent rule of the Inline Layer, right-click the Action column, and select Inline Layer > Edit
Layer.
4. Enable the Blades that you will use in the Inline Layer:
n Firewall
n Application & URL Filtering
n Content Awareness
n Mobile Access

Note - Do not enable a Blade that is not enabled in the Ordered Layer.

5. Click OK.

Types of Rules in the Rule Base

There are three types of rules in the Rule Base- explicit, implied and implicit.

Explicit rules
The rules that the administrator configures explicitly, to allow or to block traffic based on specified criteria.

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 Ordered Layers and Inline Layers

Important - The default Cleanup rule is an explicit rule that is added by default to every
new layer. You can change or delete the default Cleanup rule. We recommend that you
have an explicit Cleanup rule as the last rule in each layer.

Implied rules
The default rules that are available as part of the Global properties configuration and cannot be edited. You
can only select the implied rules and configure their position in the Rule Base:
n First - Applied first, before all other rules in the Rule Base - explicit or implied
n Last - Applied last, after all other rules in the Rule Base - explicit or implied, but before the Implicit
Cleanup Rule
n Before Last - Applied before the last explicit rule in the Rule Base
Implied rules are configured to allow connections for different services that the Security Gateway uses. For
example, the Accept Control Connections rules allow packets that control these services:
n Installation of the security policy on a Security Gateway
n Sending logs from a Security Gateway to the Security Management Server
n Connecting to third party application servers, such as RADIUS and TACACS authentication servers

Implicit cleanup rule

The default "catch-all" rule for the Layer that deals with traffic that does not match any explicit or implied
rules in the Layer. It is made automatically when you create a Layer.
Implicit cleanup rules do not show in the Rule Base.
For Security Gateways R80.10 and higher, the default implicit cleanup rule action is Drop. This is because
most Policies have Allow List rules (the Accept action). If the Layer has Blacklist rules (the Drop action), you
can change the action of the implicit cleanup rule to Accept in the Layer Editor.
For Security Gateways R77.30 and lower, the action of the implicit rule depends on the Ordered Layer:
n Drop - for the Network Layer
n Accept - for a Layer with Applications and URL Filtering enabled

Note - If you change the default values, the policy installation fails on Security Gateway
R77.30 or lower.

Order in which the Security Gateway applies the rules

1. First Implied Rule - No explicit rules can be placed before it.
2. Explicit Rules - These are the rules that you create.
3. Before Last Implied Rules - Applied before the last explicit rule.
4. Last Explicit Rule - We recommend that you use a Cleanup rule as the last explicit rule.

Note - If you use the Cleanup rule as the last explicit rule, the Last Implied Rule
and the Implicit Cleanup Rule are not enforced.

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 Ordered Layers and Inline Layers

5. Last Implied Rule - Remember that although this rule is applied after all other explicit and implied
rules, the Implicit Cleanup Rule is still applied last.
6. Implicit Cleanup Rule - The default rule that is applied if none of the rules in the Layer match.
Configuring the Implied Rules

Some of the implied rules are enabled by default. You can change the default configuration as
necessary.

To configure the implied rules:

1. In SmartConsole, select the Access Control Policy.
2. From the toolbar above the policy, select Actions > Implied Rules.
The Implied Policy window opens.
3. In the left pane, click Configuration.
4. Select a rule to enable it, or clear a rule to disable it.
5. For the enabled rules, select the position of the rules in the Rule Base: First, Last, or Before Last
(see "Types of Rules in the Rule Base" on page 241).
6. Click OK and install the policy.

Showing the Implied Rules

In SmartConsole, from the Security Policies View, select Actions > Implied Rules.
The Implied Policy window opens.
It shows only the implied rules, not the explicit rules.

Configuring the Implicit Cleanup Rule

To configure the Implicit Cleanup Rule:

1. In SmartConsole, click Menu > Manage Policies and Layers.
2. In the left pane, click Layers.
3. Select a Layer and click Edit.
The Layer Editor opens.
4. Click Advanced
5. Configure the Implicit Cleanup Rule to Drop or Accept.
6. Click OK.
7. Click Close.
8. Publish the SmartConsole session.

Administrators for Access Control Layers

You can create administrator accounts dedicated to the role of Access Control, with their own installation
and SmartConsole Read/Write permissions.

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 Ordered Layers and Inline Layers

You can also delegate ownership of different Layers to different administrators. See "Configuring
Permissions for Access Control Layers" on page 74.

Sharing Layers
You may need to use the same rules in different parts of a Policy, or have the same rules in multiple Policy
packages.
There is no need to create the rules multiple times. Define an Ordered Layer or an Inline Layer one time, and
mark it as shared. You can then reuse the Inline Layer or Ordered layer in multiple policy packages or use
the Inline Layer in multiple places in an Ordered Layer. This is useful, for example, if you are an
administrator of a corporation and want to share some of the rules among multiple branches of the
corporation:
n It saves time and prevents mistakes.
n To change a shared rule in all of the corporation's branches, you must only make the change once.
To mark a Layer as shared

1. In SmartConsole, click Menu > Manage policies and layers.

2. In the left pane, click Layers.
3. Select a Layer in Access Control or in Threat Prevention.
4. Right-click and select Edit Layer.
5. Configure the settings in the Layer Editor window.
6. In General, select Multiple policies and rules can use this layer.
7. Click OK.
8. Click Close.
9. Publish the SmartConsole session.

To reuse a Threat Prevention Ordered Layer

1. In SmartConsole, go to Menu > Manage policies and layers > Policies.

2. Right-click the required policy and click Edit. The policy properties window opens.
3. In the Threat Prevention box, click the + sign.
4. Select the layer you want to include in this policy package.
5. Click OK.
6. Close the policy properties window.
7. In SmartConsole, install the policy.
8. Repeat this procedure for all policy packages.
For examples of Inline Layers and Ordered Layer, see "Use Cases for the Unified Rule Base" on
page 247.

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 Ordered Layers and Inline Layers

Visual Division of the Rule Base with Sections

To better manage a policy with a large number of rules, you can use Sections to divide the Rule Base into
smaller, logical components. The division is only visual and does not make it possible to delegate
administration of different Sections to different administrators.
Exporting Layer Rules to a .CSV File

You can export Layer rules to a .CSV file. You can open and change the .CSV file in a spreadsheet
application such as Microsoft Excel.

To export Layer rules to a .CSV file:

1. In SmartConsole, click Menu > Manage Policies and Layers.
The Manage Layers window opens.
2. Click Layers.
3. Select a Layer, and then click Actions > Export selected Layer.
4. Enter a path and file name.

Managing Policies and Layers

To work with Ordered Layers and Inline Layers in the Access Control Policy, select Menu > Manage
policies and layers in SmartConsole.
The Manage policies and layers window shows.

To see the Layer in the policy package and their attributes:

In the Layers pane of the window, you can see:
n Name - Layer name
n Number of Rules - Number of rules in the Layer
n Modifier - The administrator who last changed the Layer configuration.
n Last Modified -Date the Layer was changed.
n Show only Shared Layers - A shared Layer has the Multiple policies and rules can use this Layer
option selected (see "Sharing Layers" on the previous page).
n Layer Details
l Used in policies - Policy packages that use the Layer
l Mode:
o Ordered - An Ordered Layer. In a Multi-Domain Security Management environment, it
includes global rules and a placeholder for local, Domain rules.
o Inline - An Inline Layer, also known as a Sub-Policy.
o Not in use - A Layer that is not used in a Policy package.

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 Ordered Layers and Inline Layers

To see the rules in the Layer:

1. Select a Layer.
2. Right-click and select Open layer in policy.

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 Use Cases for the Unified Rule Base

Use Cases for the Unified Rule Base

Here are some use cases that show examples of rules that you can define for the Access Control Policy.
Use Case - Application Control and Content Awareness Ordered Layer

This use case shows an example unified Access Control Policy. It controls applications and content in
one Ordered Layer.

Services
N Destinat & Trac
Name Source VPN Content Action
o. ion Applicatio k
ns

General compliance (1)

1 Block Any Internet Any Anonymiz Any Drop Log

categories er   Block
Critical Messa
Risk ge

Block risky executables (2)

2 Block InternalZ Internet Any Uncategor Downloa Drop Log

download one ized d Traffic
of High Risk   Executa
executabl ble File
e files
from
uncategor
ized and
high risk
sites

Credit card data (3-4)

3 Allow Finance Web Any https Upload Accept Log

uploading (Access Servers Traffic
of credit Role)   PCI -
cards Credit
numbers, Card
by Numbers
finance,
and only
over
HTTPS

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 Use Cases for the Unified Rule Base

Services
N Destinat & Trac
Name Source VPN Content Action
o. ion Applicatio k
ns

4 Block Any Web Any Any Any Drop Log

other Servers Direction
credit   PCI -
cards from Credit
company Card
Web Numbers
servers

Inform about sensitive data over VPN (5)

5 Inform the Any Any RemoteAc Any Any Inform Log

user about cess Direction
sensitive   Salary
data from Survey
VPN sites Report

Cleanup (6)

6 Cleanup Any Any Any Any Any Accept Log

rule

Explanations for rules:

Rule Explanation

1 General Compliance section - Block access to unacceptable Web sites and applications.

2 Block risky executables section - Block downloading of high risk executable files.

3-4 Credit card data section - Allow uploading of credit cards numbers only by the finance
department, and only over HTTPS. Block other credit cards.

5 Block sensitive data over VPN section - A remote user that connects over the
organization's VPN sees an informational message.

6 cleanup rule - Accept all traffic that does not match one of the earlier rules.

Use Case - Inline Layer for Web Traffic

This use case shows an example Access Control Policy that controls Web traffic. The Web server rules
are in an Inline Layer.

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 Use Cases for the Unified Rule Base

Services &
Destinatio
No Name Source Application Content Action Track
n
s

1 Headquarte HQ Proxy Web Proxy Any Ask Log

r WEB   Web
traffic - via Access
proxy Policy
  Access
Noti...
  once a
day
  per
applic...

2 Allow Proxy Proxy Internet Web Any Accept None

to the
Internet

3 Allow local Local Internet Web Any Ask Log

branch to Branch   Web
access the Access
internet Policy
directly   Access
Noti...
  once a
day
  per
applic...

4 Web InternalZon Web Web Any Web N/A

Servers e Servers Servers
protection

4.1 Block Any Any NEGATED Any Drop Log

browsing Google
with Chrome
unapproved Internet
browsers Explorer 11
Firefox
Safari

4.2 Inform user Any Any https Upload Inform Log

when Traffic   Access
uploading PCI - Noti...
Credit Credit once a
Cards only Card day
over Numbers per
HTTPS applic...

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 Use Cases for the Unified Rule Base

Services &
Destinatio
No Name Source Application Content Action Track
n
s

4.3 Block Credit Any Any Any Any Drop Log

Cards Direction Block
PCI - Message
Credit
Card
Numbers

4.4 Block Any Any Any Download Drop Log

downloadin Traffic
g of HIPAA -
sensitive Medical
content Record
Headers

4.5 Cleanup Any Any Any Any Accept None

rule

5 Ask user InternalZon Internet PayPal Any Ask Log

when e Direction Company
sending PCI - Policy
credit cards Credit   Access
to PayPal Card Noti...
Numbers once a
day
per
applic...

6 Cleanup Any Any Any Any Drop Log

rule

Explanations for rules:

Rule Explanation

4 This is the parent rule of the Inline Layer. The Action is the name of the Inline Layer. If a
packet matches on the parent rule, the matching continues to rule 4.1 of the Inline Layer. If
a packet does not match on the parent rule, the matching continues to rule 5.

4.1 If a packet matches on rule 4.1, the rule action is done on the packet, and no more rule
-4.4 matching is done. If a packet does not match on rule 4.1, continue to rule 4.2. The same
logic applies to the remaining rules in the Inline Layer.

4.5 If none of the higher rules in the Ordered Layer match the packet, the explicit Cleanup Rule
is applied. The Cleanup rule is a default explicit rule. You can change or delete it. We
recommend that you have an explicit cleanup rule as the last rule in each Inline Layer and
Ordered Layer.

Use Case - Content Awareness Ordered Layer

This use case shows a Policy that controls the upload and download of data from and to the organization.

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 Use Cases for the Unified Rule Base

There is an explanation of some of the rules below the Rule Base.

Services &
Destinatio
No Name Source Application Content Action Track
n
s

Regulatory compliance

1 Block the InternalZon Internet Any Download Drop Log

download of e Traffic
executable Executabl
files e file

2 Allow Finance Web https Upload Accept Log

uploading of (Access Servers Traffic
credit cards Role)   PCI -
numbers by Credit
finance Card
users, only Numbers
over HTTPS

3 Block other InternalZon Web Any Any Drop Log

credit cards e Servers Direction   Block
from   PCI - Message
company Credit
Web servers Card
Numbers

Personally Identifiable Information

4 Matches InternalZon Internet Any Upload Inform Log

U.S. Social e Traffic   Access
Security   U.S. Notifi...
Numbers Social once a
(SSN) Security day
allocated by Numbers - per
the U.S. According applicati...
Social to SSA
Security
Administrati
on (SSA).

5 Block InternalZon Internet Any Download Drop Log

downloading e Traffic   Block
of sensitive   HIPAA - Message
medical Medical
information Records
Headers

Human Resources

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 Use Cases for the Unified Rule Base

Services &
Destinatio
No Name Source Application Content Action Track
n
s

6 Ask user InternalZon Internet Any Upload Ask Log

when e Traffic   Compan
uploading   Salary y Policy
documents Survey once a
containing Report day
salary per
survey applicati...
reports.

Intellectual Property

7 Matches InternalZon Internet Any Any Restrict N/A

data e Direction source
containing Source code
source code Code

7.1 Any Any Any Download Accept Log

Traffic
  Source
Code

7.2 Any Any Any Upload Ask Log

Traffic Company
  Source Policy
Code once a
day
per
applicati...

7.3 Cleanup Any Any Any Any Drop Log

Inline Layer   Block
Message

Explanations for rules:

Rule Explanation

1-3 Regulatory Compliance section - Controls the upload and download of executable files
and credit cards.
You can set the direction of the Content. In rule 1 it is Download Traffic, in rule 2 it is
Upload Traffic, and in rule 3 it is Any Direction.
Rule 1 controls executable files, which are File Types. The File Type rule is higher in the
Rule Base than rules with Content Types (Rules 2 to 7). This improves the efficiency of the
Rule Base, because File Types are matched sooner than Content Types.

4-5 Personally Identifiable Information section - Controls the upload and download of social
security number and medical records.
The rule Action for rule 4 is Inform. When an internal user uploads a file with a social
security number, the user sees a message.

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 Use Cases for the Unified Rule Base

Rule Explanation

6 Human resources section - Controls the sending of salary survey information outside of
the organization.
The rule action is Ask. If sensitive content is detected, the user must confirm that the
upload complies with the organization's policy.

7 Intellectual Property section - A group of rules that control how source code leaves the
organization.
Rule 7 is the parent rule of an Inline Layer (see "Ordered Layers and Inline Layers" on
page 236). The Action is the name of the Inline Layer.
If a packet matches on rule 7.1, matching stops.
If a packet does not match on rule 7.1, continue to rule 7.2. In a similar way, if there is no
match, continue to 7.3. The matching stops on the last rule of the Inline Layer. We
recommend that you have an explicit cleanup rule as the last rule in each Inline Layer

Use Case - Application & URL Filtering Ordered Layer

This use case shows some examples of URL Filtering and Application Control rules for a typical policy
that monitors and controls Internet browsing. (The Hits, VPN and Install On columns are not shown.)

Services &
No. Name Source Destination Action Track Time
Applications

1 Liability Any Internet Potential Drop Log Any

sites liability Blocked
(group) Message

2 High risk Any Internet High Risk Drop Log Any

applications iTunes Blocked
Anonymizer Message
(category)

3 Allow IT IT Any Radmin Allow Log Work-

department (Access Hours
Remote Role)
Admin

4 Allow HR Internet Facebook Allow Log Any

Facebook (Access Download_
for HR Role) 1Gbps

5 Block these Any Internet Streaming Drop Log Any

categories Media Blocked
Protocols Message
Social
Networking
P2P File
Sharing
Remote
Administration

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 Use Cases for the Unified Rule Base

Services &
No. Name Source Destination Action Track Time
Applications

6 Log all Any Internet Any Allow Log Any

applications

Explanations for rules:

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 Use Cases for the Unified Rule Base

Rule Explanation

1 Liability sites - Blocks traffic to sites and applications in the custom Potential_liability
group. The UserCheck Blocked Message is shown to users and explains why their traffic is
blocked. See "Blocking Sites" on page 234.
Scenario: I want to block sites that are associated with categories that can cause liability
issues. Most of these categories exist in the Application Database but there is also a
custom defined site that must be included. How can I do this?
You can do this by creating a custom group and adding all applicable categories and the
site to it. If you enable Identity Awareness on a Security Gateway, you can use it together
with URL Filtering to make rules that apply to an access role. Use access role objects to
define users, machines, and network locations as one object.
In this example:
n You have already created
l An Access Role that represents all identified users in the organization

(Identified_Users).
l A custom application for a site named FreeMovies.

n You want to block sites that can cause liability issues for everyone within your
organization.
n You will create a custom group that includes Application Database categories as well
as the previously defined custom site named FreeMovies.

To create a custom group:

1. In the Object Explorer, click New > More > Custom Application/Site >
Application/Site Group.
2. Give the group a name. For example, Liability_Sites.
3. Click + to add the group members:
n Search for and add the custom application FreeMovies.
n Select Categories, and add the ones you want to block (for example
Anonymizer, Critical Risk, and Gambling)
n Click Close

4. Click OK.
You can now use the Liability_Sites group in the Access Control Rule Base.

In the Rule Base, add a rule similar to this:

In the Security Policies view of SmartConsole, go to the Access Control Policy.
n Source - The Identified_Users access role
n Destination - Internet
n Services & Applications - Liability_Sites
n Action -Drop
Note - Applications are matched on their Recommended services, where
each service runs on a specific port, such as the default Application
Control Web Browsing Services: http, https, HTTP_proxy, and
HTTPS_proxy. To change this see Changing Services for Applications
and Categories.

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 Use Cases for the Unified Rule Base

Rule Explanation

Services &
Name Source Destination Action Track
Applications

Block Identified_ Internet Liability_Sites Drop Log

sites that Users
may
cause a
liability

2 High risk applications - Blocks traffic to sites and applications in the High Risk category
and blocks the iTunes application. The UserCheck Block Message is shown to users and
explains why their traffic is blocked.

3 Allow IT department Remote Admin - Allows the computers in the IT department network
to use the Radmin application. Traffic that uses Radmin is allowed only during the Work-
Hours (set to 8:00 through 18:30, for example).

4 Allow Facebook for HR - Allows computers in the HR network to use Facebook. The total
traffic downloaded from Facebook is limited to 1 Gbps, there is no upload limit.

5 Block these categories - Blocks traffic to these categories: Streaming Media, Social
Networking, P2P File Sharing, and Remote Administration. The UserCheck Blocked
Message is shown to users and explains why their traffic is blocked.
Note - The Remote Administration category blocks traffic that uses the Radmin
application. If this rule is placed before rule 3, then this rule can also block
Radmin for the IT department.

6 Log all applications - Logs all traffic that matches any of the URL Filtering and Application
Control categories.

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 Best Practices for Access Control Rules

Best Practices for Access Control Rules

1. Make sure you have these rules:
n Stealth rule that prevents direct access to the Security Gateway
n Cleanup rule that drops all traffic that is not allowed by the earlier rules in the policy.
2. Use Layers to add structure and hierarchy of rules in the Rule Base.
3. Add all rules that are based only on source and destination IP addresses and ports, in a
Firewall/Network Ordered Layer at the top of the Rule Base.
4. Create Firewall/Network rules to explicitly accept safe traffic, and add an explicit cleanup rule at the
bottom of the Ordered Layer to drop everything else.
5. Create an Application Control Ordered Layer after the Firewall/Network Ordered Layer. Add rules to
explicitly drop unwanted or unsafe traffic. Add an explicit cleanup rule at the bottom of the Ordered
Layer to accept everything else.
Alternatively, put Application Control rules in an Inline Layer as part of the Firewall/Network rules. In
the parent rule of the Inline Layer, define the Source and Destination.
6. Share Ordered Layers and Inline Layers when possible.
7. For Security Gateways R80.10 and higher: If you have one Ordered Layer for Firewall/Network rules,
and another Ordered Layer for Application Control - Add all rules that examine applications, Data
Type, or Mobile Access elements, to the Application Control Ordered Layer, or to an Ordered Layer
after it.
8. Turn off the XFF inspection, unless the Security Gateway is behind a proxy server. For more, see
sk92839.
9. Disable a rule when working on it. Enable the rule when you want to use it. Disabled rules do not
affect the performance of the Security Gateway. To disable a rule, right-click in the No column of the
rule and select Disable.

Best Practices for Efficient rule Matching

1. Place rules that check the source, destination, and port (network rules) higher in the Rule Base.
Reason: Network rules are matched sooner, and turn on fewer inspection engines.
2. Place rules that check applications and content (Data Types) below network rules.
3. Do not define a rule with Any in the Source and in the Destination, and with an Application or a Data
Type. For example these rules are not recommended:

Services &
Source Destination Content
Applications

Any Any Facebook

Any Any Credit Card numbers

Instead, define one of these recommended rules:

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 Best Practices for Access Control Rules

Services &
Source Destination Content
Applications

Any Internet Facebook

Any Server Credit Card numbers

Reason for 2 and 3: Application Control and Content Awareness rules require content inspection.
Therefore, they:
n Allow the connection until the Security Gateway has inspected connection header and body.
n May affect performance.
4. For rules with Data Types: Place rules that check File Types higher in the Rule Base than rules that
check for Content Types. See "Content Column" on page 215.
Reason: File Types are matched sooner than Content Types.
5. Do not use Application Control and URL Filtering in the same rule, this may lead to wrong rule
matching. Use Application Control and URL Filtering in separate rules. This makes sure that the URL
Filtering rule is used as soon as the category is identified. For more information, see sk174045.
To see examples of some of these best practices, see the "Use Cases for the Unified Rule Base" on
page 247 and "Creating a Basic Access Control Policy" on page 224.

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 Installing the Access Control Policy

Installing the Access Control Policy

1. On the Global Toolbar, click Menu > Install Policy.
The Install Policy window opens showing the Security Gateways.
2. If there is more than one Policy package: From the Policy drop-down list, select a policy package.
3. Select Access Control. You can also select other Policies.
4. If there is more than one Security Gateway: Select the Security Gateways, on which to install the
policy.
5. Select the Install Mode:
n Install on each selected gateway independently - Install the policy on each target Security
Gateway independently of others, so that if the installation fails on one of them, it doesn't affect
the installation on the rest of the target Security Gateways.
Note - If you select For Gateway Clusters, if installation on a cluster
member fails, do not install on that cluster, the Security Management
Server makes sure that it can install the policy on all cluster members
before it begins the installation. If the policy cannot be installed on one of
the members, policy installation fails for all of them.
n Install on all selected gateways, if it fails do not install on gateways of the same version -
Install the policy on all the target Security Gateways. If the policy fails to install on one of the
Security Gateways, the policy is not installed on other target Security Gateways.
6. Click Install.

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 Pre-R80.10 Gateways and the Unified Access Control Policy

Pre-R80.10 Gateways and the Unified Access

Control Policy
When you upgrade an R77.30 or lower Security Management Server, which manages R77.30 or lower
Security Gateways, to R80.10 or higher, the existing Access Control policies are converted in this way:
n The pre-R80.10 Firewall policy is converted into the Network Policy Layer of the R80 Access Control
Policy. The implicit cleanup rule for it is set to Drop all traffic that is not matched by any rule in this
Layer.
n The pre-R80.10 Application & URL Filtering policy is converted into the Application Policy Layer,
which is the second Layer of the R80.x Access Control Policy. The implicit cleanup rule for it is set to
Accept all traffic that is not matched by any rule in this Layer.

Important - After upgrade, do not change the Action of the implicit cleanup rules, or the
order of the Policy Layers. If you do, the policy installation will fail.

New Access Control Policy for pre-R80.10 Security Gateways on an R80.x Security Management
Server must have this structure:
1. The first Policy Layer is the Network Layer (with the Firewall blade enabled on it).
2. The second Policy Layer is the Application & URL Filtering Layer (with the Application & URL
Filtering blade enabled on it).
3. There are no other Policy Layers.
If the Access Control Policy has a different structure, the policy will fail to install.
You can change the names of the Layers, for example, to make them more descriptive.
Each new Policy Layer will have the explicit default rule, added automatically and set to Drop all the traffic
that does not match any rule in that Policy Layer. We recommend that the Action is set to Drop for the
Network Policy Layer and Accept for the Application Control Policy Layer.
If you remove the default rule, the Implicit Cleanup Rule will be enforced. The Implicit Cleanup Rule is
configured in the Policy configuration window and is not visible in the Rule Base table. Make sure the
Implicit Cleanup Rule is configured to Drop the unmatched traffic for the Network Policy Layer and to
Accept the unmatched traffic for the Application Control Policy Layer.

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 Analyzing the Rule Base Hit Count

Analyzing the Rule Base Hit Count

Use the Hit Count feature to show the number of connections that each rule matches.
Use the Hit Count data to:
n Analyze a Rule Base - You can delete rules that have no matching connection

Note - If you see a rule with a zero Hit Count it only means that in the Security
Gateways enabled with Hit Count there were no matching connections. There
can be matching connections on other Security Gateways.

n Better understand the behavior of the Access Control Policy

The Hit Count value appears as:
n The percentage of the rule hits from total hits
n The indicator level (very high, high, medium, low, or zero)
The percentage and indicator level are configured in the Access Control Policy Rule Base.
When you enable Hit Count, the Security Management Server collects the data from supported Security
Gateways (version R75.40 and higher).
Hit Count works independently from logging and tracks the hits even if the Track option is None.

Note - From R81, Hit Count is also supported in the NAT Rule Base (requires Security
Gateways R81 and higher).

Enabling or Disabling Hit Count

By default, Hit Count is globally enabled for all supported Security Gateways. The timeframe setting that
defines the data collection time range is configured globally. If necessary, you can disable Hit Count for one
or more Security Gateways.
After you enable or disable Hit Count you must install the Policy for the Security Gateway to start or stop
collecting data.
To enable or disable Hit Count globally

1. In SmartConsole, click Menu > Global properties.

2. Select Hit Count from the tree.
3. Select the options:
n Enable Hit Count - Select to enable or clear to disable all Security Gateways to monitor the
number of connections each rule matches.
n Keep Hit Count data up to - Select one of the time range options. The default is 3 months.
Data is kept in the Security Management Server database for this period and is shown in the
Hits column.
4. Click OK.
5. Install the Policy.

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 Analyzing the Rule Base Hit Count

To enable or disable Hit Count on each Security Gateway:

1. From the Gateway Properties for the Security Gateway, select Hit Count from the navigation tree.
2. Select Enable Hit Count to enable the feature or clear it to disable Hit Count.
3. Click OK.
4. Install the Policy.

Hit Count Display

Configuring the Hit Count Display

These are the options you can configure for how matched connection data is shown in the Hits column:
n Value - Shows the number of matched hits for the rule from supported Security Gateways.
Connection hits are not accumulated in the total Hit Count for:
l Security Gateways that are not supported
l Security Gateways that have disabled the Hit Count feature
The values are shown with these letter abbreviations:
l K = 1,000
l M = 1,000,000
l G = 1,000,000,000
l T = 1,000,000,000,000
For example, 259K represents 259 thousand connections, and 2M represents 2 million
connections.
n Percentage - Shows the percentage of the number of matched hits for the rule from the total
number of matched connections. The percentage is rounded to a tenth of a percent.
n Level - The Hit Count level is a label for the range of hits according to the table.
The Hit Count range = Maximum hit value - Minimum hit value (does not include zero hits)

Hit Count Level Icon Range

Zero 0 hits

Low Less than 10 percent of the Hit Count range

Medium Between 10 - 70 percent of the Hit Count range

High Between 70 - 90 percent of the Hit Count range

Very High Above 90 percent of the Hit Count range

To show the Hit Count in the Rule Base:

Right-click the heading row of the Rule Base and select Hits.

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 Analyzing the Rule Base Hit Count

To configure the Hit Count in a rule

1. Right-click the rule number of the rule.

2. Select Hit Count and one of these options (you can repeat this action to configure more options):
n Timeframe - Select All, 1 day, 7 days, 1 month, or 3 months
n Display - Select Percentage, Value, or Level

To update the Hit Count in a rule

1. Right-click the rule number of the rule.

2. Select Hit Count > Refresh.

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 Preventing IP Spoofing

Preventing IP Spoofing
IP spoofing replaces the untrusted source IP address with a fake, trusted one, to hijack connections to your
network. Attackers use IP spoofing to send malware and bots to your protected network, to execute DoS
attacks, or to gain unauthorized access.
Anti-Spoofing detects if a packet with an IP address that is behind a certain interface, arrives from a different
interface. For example, if a packet from an external network has an internal IP address, Anti-Spoofing blocks
that packet.

Example:
The diagram shows a Security Gateway with interfaces 2 and 3, and 4, and some example networks behind
the interfaces.

For the Security Gateway, Anti-Spoofing makes sure that:

n All incoming packets to 2 come from the Internet (1)
n All incoming packets to 3 come from 192.168.33.0
n All incoming packets to 4 come from 192.0.2.0 or 10.10.10.0
If an incoming packet to B has a source IP address in network 192.168.33.0, the packet is blocked, because
the source address is spoofed.
When you configure Anti-Spoofing protection on a Check Point Security Gateway interface, the Anti-
Spoofing is done based on the interface topology. The interface topology defines where the interface Leads
To (for example, External (Internet) or Internal), and the Security Zone of interface.
Configuring Anti-Spoofing

Make sure to configure Anti-Spoofing protection on all the interfaces of the Security Gateway, including
internal interfaces.

To configure Anti-Spoofing for an interface:

1. In SmartConsole, from the left navigation panel, click Gateways & Servers and double-click the
Security Gateway object.
The Gateway Properties window opens.
2. From the navigation tree, select Network Management.
3. Click Get Interfaces.
4. Click Accept.

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 Preventing IP Spoofing

The Security Gateway network topology shows. If SmartConsole fails to automatically retrieve the
topology, make sure that the details in the General Properties section are correct and the Security
Gateway, the Security Management Server, and the SmartConsole can communicate with each
other.
5. Select an interface and click Edit.
The interface properties window opens.
6. From the navigation tree, click General.
7. In the Topology section of the page, click Modify.
The Topology Settings window opens.
8. In the Leads To section, select the type of network, to which this interface leads:
n Internet (External) - This is the default setting. It is automatically calculated from the
topology of the Security Gateway. To update the topology of an internal network after
changes to static routes, click Network Management > Get Interfaces in the Gateway
Properties window.
n Override - Override the default setting.
If you Override the default setting:
n Internet (External) - All external/Internet addresses
n This Network (Internal) -
l Not Defined - All IP addresses behind this interface are considered a part of the
internal network that connects to this interface
l Network defined by the interface IP and Net Mask - Only the network that directly
connects to this internal interface
l Network defined by routes - The Security Gateway dynamically calculates the
topology behind this interface. If the network of this interface changes, there is no
need to click Get Interfaces and install a policy. For more, see "Dynamically
Updating the Security Gateway Topology" on page 146.
l Specific - A specific object (a Network, a Host, an Address Range, or a Network
Group) behind this internal interface
l Interface leads to DMZ - The DMZ that directly connects to this internal interface
9. Optional: In the Security Zone section, select User defined, check Specify Security Zone and
choose the zone of the interface.
10. Configure Anti-Spoofing options (see "Anti-Spoofing Options" on the next page). Make sure that
Perform Anti-Spoofing based on interface topology is selected.
11. Select an Anti-Spoofing action:
n Prevent - Drops spoofed packets
n Detect - Allows spoofed packets. To monitor traffic and to learn about the network topology
without dropping packets, select this option together with the Spoof Tracking Log option.
12. Configure Anti-Spoofing exceptions (optional). For example, configure addresses, from which
packets are not inspected by Anti-Spoofing:
a. Select Don't check packets from.
b. Select an object from the drop-down list, or click New to create a new object.

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 Preventing IP Spoofing

13. Configure Spoof Tracking - select the tracking action that is done when spoofed packets are
detected:
n Log - Create a log entry (default)
n Alert - Show an alert
n None - Do not log or alert
14. Click OK twice to save Anti-Spoofing settings for the interface.
For each interface, repeat the configuration steps. When finished, install the Access Control policy.

Anti-Spoofing Options
n Perform Anti-Spoofing based on interface topology - Select this option to enable spoofing
protection on this external interface.
n Anti-Spoofing action is set to - Select this option to define if packets will be rejected (the Prevent
option) or whether the packets will be monitored (the Detect option). The Detect option is used for
monitoring purposes and should be used in conjunction with one of the tracking options. It serves as a
tool for learning the topology of a network without actually preventing packets from passing.
n Don't check packets from - Select this option to make sure anti-spoofing does not take place for
traffic from internal networks that reaches the external interface. Define a network object that
represents those internal networks with valid addresses, and from the drop-down list, select that
network object. The anti-spoofing enforcement mechanism disregards objects selected in the Don't
check packets from drop-down menu.
n Spoof Tracking - Select a tracking option.

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 Multicast Access Control

Multicast Access Control

Multicast IP transmits one copy of each datagram (IP packet) to a multicast address, where each recipient in
the group takes their copy. The routers in the network forward the datagrams only to routers and hosts with
access to receive the multicast packets.
To configure multicast access control

1. Open a Security Gateway object.

2. On the Network Management page, select an interface and click Edit.
3. On Interface > Advanced, click Drop Multicast packets by the following conditions.
4. Select a multicast policy for the interface:
n Drop multicast packets whose destination is in the list
n Drop all multicast packets except those whose destination is in the list
When access is denied to a multicast group on an interface for outbound IGMP packets, inbound
packets are also denied.
If you do not define access restrictions for multicast packets, multicast datagrams to one interface
of the Security Gateway are allowed out of all other interfaces.
5. Click Add.
The Add Object window opens, with the Multicast Address Ranges object selected.
6. Click New > Multicast Address Range.
The Multicast Address Range Properties window opens.
7. Enter a name for this range.
8. Define an IP address Range or a Single IP Address in the range: 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255.
Class D IP addresses are reserved for multicast traffic and are allocated dynamically. The
multicast address range 224.0.0.0 - 239.255.255.255 is used only for the destination
address of IP multicast traffic.
Every IP datagram whose destination address starts with 1110 is an IP multicast datagram. The
remaining 28 bits of the multicast address range identify the group to which the datagram is sent.
The 224.0.0.0 - 224.0.0.255 range is reserved for LAN applications that are never forwarded
by a router. These addresses are permanent host groups. For example: an ICMP request to
224.0.0.1 is answered by all multicast capable hosts on the network, 224.0.0.2 is answered
by all routers with multicast interfaces, and 224.0.0.13 is answered by all PIM routers. To learn
more, see the IANA website.
The source address for multicast datagrams is always the unicast source address.
9. Click OK.
10. In the Add Object window, Click OK.
11. In the Interface Properties window, Click OK.
12. In the Security Gateway window, Click OK.
13. In the Rule Base, add a rule that allows the multicast address range as the Destination.

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 Multicast Access Control

14. In the Services of the rule, add the multicast protocols.

n Multicast routing protocols - For example: Protocol-Independent Multicast (PIM), Distance
Vector Multicast Routing Protocol (DVMRP), and Multicast Extensions to OSPF (MOSPF).
n Dynamic registration -Hosts use the Internet Group Management Protocol (IGMP) to let the
nearest multicast router know they want to belong to a specified multicast group. Hosts can
leave or join the group at any time.
15. Install the policy.

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 Configuring the NAT Policy

Configuring the NAT Policy

Getting Started with NAT
1. Learn about types of NAT Rules and types of NAT Methods (below in this topic).
2. Follow the applicable procedure:
n "Working with Automatic NAT Rules" on page 277 (for IPv4 or IPv6 translation)
n "Working with Manual NAT Rules" on page 284 (for IPv4 or IPv6 translation)
n "Working with NAT46 Rules" on page 290 (for IPv4-to-IPv6 translation)
n "Working with NAT64 Rules" on page 301 (for IPv6-to-IPv4 translation)
3. Configure the applicable NAT advanced settings (see " Advanced NAT Settings" on page 315).
4. Install the Access Control Policy.

Introduction
NAT (Network Address Translation) is a feature of the Firewall Software Blade and replaces IPv4 and IPv6
addresses to add more security. NAT protects the identity of a network and does not show internal IP
addresses to the Internet.
The Security Gateway can change:
n The source IP address in a packet.
n The destination IP address in a packet.
n The TCP / UDP port in a packet.
Example flow

1. An internal computer sends a packet to an external computer

2. The Security Gateway translates the source IP address to a new one.
3. The packet comes back from the external computer
4. The Security Gateway translates the new IP address back to the original IP address.
5. The packet from the external computer goes to the correct internal computer.

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 Configuring the NAT Policy

Types of NAT Rules

In SmartConsole, you can create these types of NAT rules:

How to change these NAT

NAT Rules How to create these NAT rules?
rules?

Automatic Management Server creates these rules automatically You must change the NAT
NAT Rules based on the NAT settings you configure in objects' settings in objects' properties
properties (on the NAT page) on the NAT page.

Manual NAT You create these rules, select all objects and the NAT You change these rules.
Rule method.

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 Configuring the NAT Policy

Types of NAT Methods

You can configure one of these NAT methods for Automatic NAT Rules and in Manual NAT Rules:
Hide

The Security Gateway changes the source IP address of all connections from a source to the same IP
address - either that of the Security Gateway's outgoing interface, or an IP address you configure.

Hide > Hide behind gateway

The Security Gateway changes the source IP address of all connections from a source to the same IP
address of the Security Gateway's outgoing interface.

Hide > Hide behind IP address

The Security Gateway changes the source IP address of all connections from a source to the same IP
address your configure.
Notes:
n When you configure Hide NAT, connections can only start from internal
computers.
The Security Gateway does not allow external traffic to access internal
resources.
n If you enable this configuration in an object that represents one IP address (a
Host object), then this gives you a one-to-one address translation.
n If you enable this configuration in an object that represents many IP addresses
(a Network object, an Address Range object), then this gives you a many-to-
one address translation.
n The Security Gateway uses port numbers to translate all specified internal IP
addresses to a single external IP address - port numbers from 600 to 1023,
and from 10,000 to 60,000.
The Security Gateway can translate up to 50,000 connections at the same
time.
n You cannot use Hide NAT for these configurations:
l Traffic that uses protocols where the port number cannot be changed.

l An external server that uses IP addresses to identify different

computers and clients.

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 Configuring the NAT Policy

Example diagram

Item Description

1 Internal computers

2 Security Gateway configured with Hide NAT

3 External computers and servers on the Internet

Sample Hide NAT Workflow

1. Internal computer A (10.10.0.26) sends a packet to an external computer.
2. The Security Gateway intercepts the packet and translates the source IP address from
(10.10.0.26) to 192.0.2.1, and port 11000.
3. The external computer sends back a packet to 192.0.2.1, to port 11000.
4. The Security Gateway translates the packet's IP address from 192.0.2.1 to 10.10.0.26 and sends it
to internal computer A.

Internal computer Internet receives

Security Gateway translates
A (10.10.0.26) packet from
this address from 10.10.0.26 to
sends packet to 192.0.2.1, from
192.0.2.1, and port 11000
Internet port 11000

Internet sends
back Security Gateway translates Internal computer
packet to this address from 192.0.2.1 to A
192.0.2.1, to port 10.10.0.26 receives packet
11000

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 Configuring the NAT Policy

Static

The Security Gateway changes the source IP address of all connections from a source to the IP address
your configure.
Notes:
n When you configure Static NAT, the Security Gateway allows external traffic to
access internal resources.
n If you enable this configuration in an object that represents one IP address (a
Host object), then this gives you a one-to-one address translation.
n If you enable this configuration in an object that represents many IP addresses
(a Network object, an Address Range object), then this gives you a many-to-
one address translation.
The Security Gateway translates each internal IP address to a different
external IP address.

Important - The range of the translated IP addresses is the same as

the range of the source IP addresses.

Example diagram

Item Description

1 Internal computers

2 Security Gateway configured with Static NAT

3 External computers and servers on the Internet

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 Configuring the NAT Policy

Example traffic flow with Static NAT

1. An external computer on the Internet sends a packet to 192.0.2.5.
2. The Security Gateway translates the IP address from 192.0.2.5 to 10.10.0.26 and sends the
packet to internal computer A.
3. Internal computer A (10.10.0.26) sends back a packet to the external computer.
4. The Security Gateway intercepts the packet and translates the source IP address from 10.10.0.26
to 192.0.2.5.
5. Internal computer B (10.10.0.37) sends a packet to an external computer.
6. The Security Gateway intercepts the packet translates the source IP address from 10.10.0.37 to
192.0.2.16.

Security Gateway
Internal computer
Internet sends translates
A (10.10.0.26)
packet to 192.0.2.5 this address from 192.0.2.5
receives packet
to 10.10.0.26

Internal computer A Security Gateway

Internet receives
(10.10.0.26) translates
packet from
sends packet to this address from
192.0.2.5
Internet 10.10.0.26 to 192.0.2.5

Internal computer B Security Gateway

Internet receives
(10.10.0.37) translates
packet from
sends packet to this address from
192.0.2.16
Internet 10.10.0.37 to 192.0.2.16

NAT Rules in SmartConsole

The NAT Rule Base has two sections in that specify how the IP addresses and Ports are translated:
n Original - with columns Source, Destination, and Services
n Translated - with columns Source, Destination, and Services

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 Configuring the NAT Policy

Example of Automatic NAT Rules

Translate
Origin Original Original Translat Translat
d Instal Commen
No al Destinati Service ed ed
Destinati l On ts
Source on s Source Services
on

Automatic Generated Rules

NAT Rules for X (Y-Z)

1 Object1 Object2 Any = Original = Original = Original Policy

Targets

2 Object3 Object4 Any S Object5 S Object6 = Original Policy

Targets

3 Object7 Object8 Any H Object9 H Object10 = Original Policy

Targets

Example of a Manual NAT rule

Translate
Origin Original Original Translat Translat
d Instal Commen
No al Destinati Service ed ed
Destinati l On ts
Source on s Source Services
on

Automatic Generated Rules

Manual Lower Rules

4 Object11 Object12 Any S Object13 = Original = Original Policy

Targets

5 Object14 Object15 Any = Original S Object16 = Original Policy

Targets

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 Configuring the NAT Policy

Order of NAT Rule Enforcement

The Security Gateway enforces the NAT Rule Base in a sequential manner - in the order you place the rules
in the NAT Policy (see the No. column).
The Security Gateway enforces Automatic NAT and Manual NAT rules in different ways.
Explanation

n Manual NAT rules - The Security Gateway enforces the first Manual NAT rule that matches a
connection. The Security Gateway does not examine other Manual NAT rules.
n Automatic NAT rules - The Security Gateway can enforce two Automatic NAT rules that match a
connection - one rule for the Source and one for the Destination. When a connection matches two
Automatic NAT rules, the Security Gateway enforces those rules.
Note - SmartConsole organizes the Automatic NAT rules in this order:
1. Static NAT rules for the Security Gateway, or Host (computer or server)
objects
2. Hide NAT rules for the Security Gateway, or Host objects
3. Static NAT rules for Network or Address Range objects
4. Hide NAT rules for Network or Address Range objects

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 Working with Automatic NAT Rules

Working with Automatic NAT Rules

You can create Automatic NAT rules for these objects:
n Security Gateways
n Hosts
n Networks
n Address Ranges
The Management Server creates two Automatic NAT rules for Static NAT, to translate the source and the
destination of the packets.
For Hide NAT, one rule translates the source of the packets.
For Network and Address Range objects, the Management Server creates a different rule to NOT translate
intranet traffic. IP addresses for computers on the same object are not translated.
This table summarizes the Automatic NAT rules:

Type of Traffic Automatic NAT - Static Automatic NAT - Hide

Internal to external Rule translates source IP Rule translates source IP

address address

External to internal Rule translates destination N/A (External connections are

IP address not allowed)

Intranet (for network and address Rule does not translate IP Rule does not translate IP
range objects) address address

Example of Automatic NAT Rules

Static NAT for a Network object

Origina Translate
Origin Original Translat Translat
l d Install Commen
No al Destinati ed ed
Service Destinati On ts
Source on Source Services
s on

Automatic Generated Rules

NAT Rules for HR (1-3)

1 HR HR Any = = = Policy
Origina Origina Origina Target
l l l s

2 HR Any Any S HR = = Policy

(Valid Origina Origina Target
Address) l l s

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 Working with Automatic NAT Rules

Origina Translate
Origin Original Translat Translat
l d Install Commen
No al Destinati ed ed
Service Destinati On ts
Source on Source Services
s on

3 Any HR (Valid Any = S HR = Policy

Address) Origina Origina Target
l l s

1. Intranet connections in the HR network are not translated.

The Security Gateway does not translate a connection between two computers that are part of the
HR object.
The Security Gateway does not apply rules 2 and 3 to traffic that matches rule 1.
2. Connections from IP addresses from the HR network to any IP address (usually external
computers) are translated to the Static NAT IP address.
3. Connections from any IP address (usually external computers) to the HR are translated to the
Static NAT IP address.

Hide NAT for an Address Range object

Origina Translate
Origin Original Translat Translat
l d Install Commen
No al Destinati ed ed
Service Destinati On ts
Source on Source Services
s on

Automatic Generated Rules

NAT Rules for Sales (1-2)

1 Sales Sales Any = = = Policy

Origina Origina Origina Target
l l l s

2 Sales Any Any H Sales = = Policy

(Hiding Origina Origina Target
Address) l l s

1. Intranet connections in the Sales address range are not translated.

The Firewall does not translate a connection between two computers that use IP addresses that
are included in the Sales object.
The Firewall does not apply rule 2 to traffic that matches rule 1.
2. Connections from IP addresses from the Sales address range to any IP address (usually external
computers) are translated to the Hide NAT IP address.

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 Working with Automatic NAT Rules

Configuring Automatic NAT

Configure the NAT settings in each object, for which you need to create Automatic NAT rules, and configure
the Access Control rules to allow traffic to the applicable objects.
Procedure

1. From the left navigation panel, click Gateways & Servers.

2. Double-click the Security Gateway object.
The General Properties window of the gateway opens.
3. From the navigation tree, select NAT > Advanced.
4. Select Add automatic address translation rules to hide this Gateway behind another Gateway.
5. Select the Translation method: Hide or Static.
6. Configure the NAT IP address for the object.
n Hide behind Gateway - Uses the IP address of the corresponding Security Gateway's
interface
n Hide behind IP address - Enter the IP address.
7. Click Install on Gateway and select All or the Security Gateway that translates the IP address.
8. Click OK.
9. Install the Access Control Policy.

Example Deployment
Example

The goal for this sample deployment is to configure:

n Static NAT for the EMail server and the Web server on the internal network.
These servers can be accessed from the Internet using public addresses.
n Hide NAT for the users on the internal network that gives them Internet access.
This network cannot be accessed from the Internet.

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 Working with Automatic NAT Rules

Item Description

1 Internal computers (Alaska_LAN, IPv6 2001:db8::/64)

2 Web server (Alaska_Web, IPv6 2001:db8:0:10::5 is translated to IPv6 2001:db8:0:a::5)

3 Mail server (Alaska_Mail, IPv6 2001:db8:0:10::6 is translated to IPv6 2001:db8:0:a::6)

4 Security Gateway (Alaska_GW, external IPv6 2001:db8:0:a::1)

5 External computers and servers in the Internet

Configuration Procedure:
1. Configure Automatic Static NAT for the Web server:
a. Double-click the Alaska_Web object.
b. From the left, click NAT.
c. Select Add Automatic Address Translation Rules.
d. In Translation method, select Static.
e. Select Hide behind IP Address and enter 2001:db8:0:a::5.
f. Click OK
2. Enable Automatic Static NAT for the EMail server:
a. Double-click the Alaska_Mail object.
b. From the left, click NAT.
c. Select Add Automatic Address Translation Rules.
d. In Translation method, select Static.
e. Select Hide behind IP Address and enter 2001:db8:0:a::6.
f. Click OK.
3. Enable Automatic Hide NAT for the internal computers:
a. Double-click the Alaska_LAN object.
b. From the left, click NAT.
c. Select Add Automatic Address Translation Rules.
d. In Translation method, select Hide.
e. Select Hide behind Gateway.
4. Click OK.
5. Install the Access Control Policy.
The Management Server creates these Automatic NAT rules in Security Policies view > Access Control
> NAT:

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 Working with Automatic NAT Rules

Origina Translate
Origin Original Translat Translat
l d Install Commen
No al Destinati ed ed
Service Destinati On ts
Source on Source Services
s on

Automatic Generated Rules

NAT Rules for Sales (1-2)

1 Alask Alaska_ Any = = = Policy

a_Web Web Origina Origina Origina Target
l l l s

2 Alask Any Any S = = Policy

a_Web Alaska_ Origina Origina Target
Web l l s
(Valid
Address)

3 Any Alaska_ Any = S Alaska_ = Policy

Web Origina Web Origina Target
l (Valid l s
Address)

4 Alask Alaska_ Any = = = Policy

a_Mail Mail Origina Origina Origina Target
l l l s

5 Alask Any Any S = = Policy

a_Mail Alaska_ Origina Origina Target
Mail l l s
(Valid
Address)

6 Any Alaska_ Any = S Alaska_ = Policy

Mail Origina Mail Origina Target
l (Valid l s
Address)

7 Alask Alaska_ Any = = = Policy

a_LAN LAN Origina Origina Origina Target
l l l s

8 Alask Any Any H = = Policy

a_LAN Alaska_ Origina Origina Target
LAN l l s
(Hiding
Address)

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 Working with Automatic NAT Rules

Automatic Hide NAT to External Networks

For large and complex networks, it can be impractical to configure the Hide NAT settings for all the internal
IP addresses.
Explanation

An easy alternative is to enable a Security Gateway to automatically Hide NAT for all traffic with external
networks. The Security Gateway translates all traffic that goes through an external interface to the valid
IP address of that interface.
In this sample configuration, computers in internal networks open connections to external servers on the
Internet. The source IP addresses of internal clients are translated to the IP address of an external
interface.

Item Description

1 Internal networks

2 Security Gateway is configured with Automatic Hide NAT.

2A and 2B Two external interfaces 192.0.2.1 and 192.0.2.100.

1 -->3 External computers and servers on the Internet

Source IP addresses are translated to the applicable external interface IP address: 192.0.2.1 or
192.0.2.100.

Note - If a connection matches a regular NAT rule and a NAT-for-internal-networks

rule, the regular NAT rule takes precedence.

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 Working with Automatic NAT Rules

To enable Automatic Hide NAT:

1. From the left navigation panel, click Gateways & Servers.
2. Double-click the Security Gateway object.
3. From the navigation tree, click NAT.
4. Select Hide internal networks behind the Gateway's external IP.
5. Click OK.
6. Install the Access Control Policy.

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 Working with Manual NAT Rules

Working with Manual NAT Rules

For some deployments, it is necessary to manually define the NAT rules.
For example:
n Rules that are restricted to specific destination IP addresses and to specific source IP addresses
n Translating both source and destination IP addresses in the same packet.
n Static NAT in only one direction
n Translating services (destination ports)
n Rules that only use specified services (ports)
n Translating IP addresses for dynamic objects
General workflow when working with manual NAT rules:
1. Create SmartConsole objects that use the valid (NATed) IP addresses.
2. Create Manual NAT rules to translate the original IP addresses of the objects to valid IP addresses.
3. Configure the Access Control Policy to allow traffic to the applicable translated objects with the valid
IP addresses.

Note - For Manual NAT rules, it is necessary to configure Proxy ARP entries to
associate the translated IP address. See "Automatic and Proxy ARP" on page 315.

Example of a Manual NAT Rule

Translate
Origin Original Original Translate
Translate d Install Commen
No al Destinati Service d
d Source Destinati On ts
Source on s Services
on

1 HTTP_ Web_ http = S Web_ = Policy

Client Server Origina Server Origina Target
l l s

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 Working with Manual NAT Rules

Configuring Manual NAT

Procedure

1. From the left navigation tree, click Security Policies.

2. Click Access Control > NAT:
3. Add a new rule in one of these ways:
n From the top toolbar, click the Add Rule icon (the leftmost icon).
n If there are existing Manual NAT rules, then right-click in the No. column of the applicable
rule > in the line New Rule, click Above or Below.
4. In the new rule, select the required objects and configure the required translation.
If the required objects do not exist, you can create them in the selection window (in the top right
corner, click ).
5. Install the Access Control Policy.

Example Deployment
Example

This example configuration shows how to let external computers access an internal web server and an
internal mail server in a DMZ network from one IP address.
To do this, you must configure Hide NAT for the DMZ network object and create manual NAT rules for the
servers.

Item Description

1 External computers and servers on the Internet

2 Security Gateway (Alaska_GW, external IPv6 2001:db8:0:c::1)

3 DMZ network (Alaska_DMZ, IPv6 2001:db8:a::/128)

4 Web server (Alaska_DMZ_Web, IPv6 2001:db8:a::35:5 is translated to IPv6

2001:db8:0:c::1)

5 Mail server (Alaska_DMZ_Mail, IPv6 2001:db8:a::35:6 is translated to IPv6

2001:db8:0:c::1)

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 Working with Manual NAT Rules

Configuration Procedure:
1. Configure Automatic Hide NAT for the DMZ network:
a. Double-click the Network object Alaska_DMZ.
b. From the left, click NAT.
c. Select Add Automatic Address Translation Rules.
d. In Translation method, select Hide.
e. Select Hide behind Gateway.
f. Click OK.
The Management Server creates these Automatic NAT rules in Security Policies view > Access
Control > NAT:

Origin Origin Translat Translat

Original Translat
N al al ed ed Install Comme
Destinat ed
o. Sourc Servic Destinat Service On nts
ion Source
e es ion s

1 Alask Alaska_ Any = = = Polic

a_ DMZ Origin Origin Origin y
DMZ al al al Targe
ts

2 Alask Any Any H = = Polic

a_ Alaska_ Origin Origin y
DMZ DMZ al al Targe
(Hiding ts
Addres
s)

2. Create a Manual NAT rule to translate incoming HTTP traffic to the internal Web server:

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 Working with Manual NAT Rules

a. In SmartConsole, go to Security Policies view > Access Control > NAT.

b. Add a new rule (#3) below the existing Automatic NAT rules.
c. Select these objects:

Origi Origin Transla Transla

Original Transla
N nal al ted ted Install Comm
Destina ted
o. Sour Servi Destina Service On ents
tion Source
ce ces tion s

1 Alask Alaska_ Any = = = Poli

a_ DMZ Origi Origin Origi cy
DMZ nal al nal Targ
ets

2 Alask Any Any H = = Poli

a_ Alask Origin Origi cy
DMZ a_DMZ al nal Targ
(Hiding ets
Addres
s)

3 Any Alaska_ http = S = Poli

GW Origi Alaska_ Origi cy
nal DMZ_ nal Targ
Web ets

3. Create a Manual NAT rule to translate incoming SMTP traffic to the internal Mail server:

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 Working with Manual NAT Rules

a. Add a new rule (#4) below the existing NAT rules.

b. Select these objects:

Origi Origin Transla Transla

Original Transla
N nal al ted ted Install Comm
Destina ted
o. Sour Servi Destina Service On ents
tion Source
ce ces tion s

1 Alask Alaska_ Any = = = Poli

a_ DMZ Origi Origin Origi cy
DMZ nal al nal Targ
ets

2 Alask Any Any H = = Poli

a_ Alask Origin Origi cy
DMZ a_DMZ al nal Targ
(Hiding ets
Addres
s)

3 Any Alaska_ http = S = Poli

GW Origi Alaska_ Origi cy
nal DMZ_ nal Targ
Web ets

4 Any Alaska_ smtp = S = Poli

GW Origi Alaska_ Origi cy
nal DMZ_ nal Targ
Mail ets

4. Create an Access Control rule to allow the incoming HTTP and SMTP traffic to the internal
servers:

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 Working with Manual NAT Rules

a. In SmartConsole, go to Security Policies > Access Control > NAT.

b. Add a new rule.
c. Select these objects:

Services
Sourc Destinati VP & Trac Install
No Name Action
e on N Applicatio k On
ns

... Incomi Any Alaska_ Any http Accep Log Policy

ng DMZ smtp t Targe
HTTP ts
and
SMTP
traffic
to
internal
servers

5. Install the Access Control Policy.

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 Working with NAT46 Rules

Working with NAT46 Rules

Note - NAT46 rules are only supported on Security Gateways and Cluster Members
R80.20 and higher.

Overview
NAT46 rules translate IPv4 traffic to IPv6 traffic without maintaining any session information on a Security
Gateway.
Properties of Stateless NAT46

n Performs 1:1 IP address mapping.

n The system generates the translated source IPv6 address as a combination of these two parts:
1. A user-defined Network object with an IPv6 address defined with the 96-bit prefix.
2. The source IPv4 address, which is added as a 32-bit suffix.

NAT46 use case scenarios

n [IPv4 Network] --- (Internet) --- [Security Gateway] --- [IPv6 Network]
Common use case for Content Providers.
n [IPv4 Network] --- [Security Gateway] --- (Internet) --- [IPv6 Network]
Common use case for Enterprises.

Example of NAT46 Translation Flow

Example topology:
[IPv4 Client] --- (internal) [Security Gateway] (external) --- [IPv6 Server]
Where:

Item Description

IPv4 Client IPv4 real address is 192.168.2.55

IPv6 NATed address is 2001:DB8:90::192.168.2.55/96

Security Gateway internal IPv4 address is 192.168.2.1/24

interface

Security Gateway external IPv6 address is 2001:DB8:5001::1/96

interface

IPv6 Server IPv6 real address is 2001:DB8:5001::30/96

IPv4 NATed address is 1.1.1.66/24

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 Working with NAT46 Rules

Item Description

IPv6 NATed network IPv6 address of the network on the external Security Gateway side is
2001:DB8:90::/96
These IPv6 addresses are used to translate the IPv4 address of the IPv4
Client to IPv6 address

IPv4 NATed network IPv4 address of the network on the internal Security Gateway side is
1.1.1.0/24
These IPv4 addresses are used to translate the IPv6 address of the IPv6
Server to IPv4 address

Traffic flow:
1. IPv4 Client opens an IPv4 connection to the NATed IPv4 address of the IPv6 Serve
From IPv4 address 192.168.2.55 to IPv4 address 1.1.1.66
2. Security Gateway performs these NAT translations:
a. From the source IPv4 address 192.168.2.55 to the source IPv6 address
2001:DB8:90::192.168.2.55/96
b. From the destination IPv4 address 1.1.1.66 to the destination IPv6 address
2001:DB8:5001::30
3. IPv6 Server receives this request connection as from the IPv6 address
2001:DB8:90::192.168.2.55/96 to the IPv6 address 2001:DB8:5001::30
4. IPv6 Server replies to this connection from the IPv6 address 2001:DB8:5001::30 to the IPv6
address 2001:DB8:90::192.168.2.55/96
5. Security Gateway performs these NAT translations:
a. From the source IPv6 address 2001:DB8:5001::30 to the source IPv4 address 1.1.1.66
b. From the destination IPv6 address 2001:DB8:90::192.168.2.55/96 to the destination IPv4
address 192.168.2.55
6. IPv4 Client receives this reply connection as from the IPv4 address 1.1.1.66 to the IPv4 address
192.168.2.55
To summarize:
n Request: [IPv4 Client] ---> [Security Gateway] ---> [IPv6 Server]

Field in packet Original IPv4 packet NATed IPv6 packet

Source IP 192.168.2.55 / 24 2001:DB8:90::192.168.2.55 / 96

Destination IP 1.1.1.66 / 24 2001:DB8:5001::30 / 96

n Reply: [IPv4 Client] <--- [Security Gateway] <--- [IPv6 Server]

Field in packet Original IPv6 packet NATed IPv4 packet

Source IP 2001:DB8:5001::30 / 96 192.168.2.55 / 24

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 Working with NAT46 Rules

Field in packet Original IPv6 packet NATed IPv4 packet

Destination IP 2001:DB8:90::192.168.2.55 / 96 1.1.1.66 / 24

Known Limitations for NAT46

n NAT46 rules are only supported on Security Gateways and Cluster Members R80.20 and higher.
n NAT46 does not support VoIP traffic.
n NAT46 does not support FTP traffic.
n NAT46 does not support protocols that require state information between Control and Data
connections.

Configuring NAT46
Step 1 - Prepare Security Gateway / Cluster Members for NAT46

Note - In a Cluster, you must configure all the Cluster Members in the same way.

Step Instructions

1 Make sure that an IPv6 address is assigned to the interface that connects to the destination
IPv6 network, and the IPv6 network prefix length is equal to 96.
Note - This can be any valid IPv6 address with the IPv6 network prefix length equal to 96.
n In Gaia Portal:
Click Network Management > Network Interfaces.
n In Gaia Clish:
Run:
show interface <Name of Interface> ipv6-address

If such IPv6 address is not assigned yet, assign it now.

For details, see the R81.20 Gaia Administration Guide - Chapter Network Management -
Section Network Interfaces - Section Physical Interfaces.

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 Working with NAT46 Rules

Step Instructions

2 Make sure that the routing is configured to send the traffic that is destined to the NATed
IPv4 addresses (defined in the Translated Destination column in the NAT46 rule) through
the interface that connects to the destination IPv6 network.
n In Gaia Portal:
Click Advanced Routing > Routing Monitor.
n In Gaia Clish:
Run:
show route

If such route does not already exist, add it in Gaia Clish.

For details, see the R81.20 Gaia Administration Guide.
Run these commands in Gaia Clish:
1. Add the static route:
set static route <NATed Destination IPv4 Addresses>/<NATed
IPv4 Net Mask> nexthop gateway logical <Name of Interface
that connects to the real IPv6 Network> on
Example topology:
[IPv4 Client] --- (NATed IPv4 of IPv6 side are 1.1.1.0/24) [Security Gateway] (eth3) --
- [IPv6 Server]
In such case, configure the IPv4 route using this command:
set static route 1.1.1.0/24 nexthop gateway logical eth3 on
2. Save the configuration:
save config

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 Working with NAT46 Rules

Step Instructions

3 Make sure that the number of IPv6 CoreXL Firewall instances is equal to the number of
IPv4 CoreXL Firewall instances.
1. Connect to the command line on the Security Gateway.
2. Log in to Gaia Clish, or Expert mode.
3. Show the number of IPv6 CoreXL Firewall instances:
fw6 ctl multik stat
4. Show the number of IPv4 CoreXL Firewall instances. Run:
fw ctl multik stat
5. If the number of IPv6 CoreXL Firewall instances is less than the number of IPv4
CoreXL Firewall instances, then do these steps:
a. Run:
cpconfig
b. Select Check Point CoreXL
c. Select Change the number of IPv6 firewall instances
d. Configure the number of IPv6 CoreXL Firewall instances to be the same as
the number of IPv4 CoreXL Firewall instances
e. Select Exit
f. Reboot the Security Gateway
6. Connect to the command line on the Security Gateway.
7. Log in to Gaia Clish, or Expert mode.
8. Show the number of IPv6 CoreXL Firewall instances. Run:
fw6 ctl multik stat
9. Show the number of IPv4 CoreXL Firewall instances. Run:
fw ctl multik stat

Example output:
[Expert@GW:0]# fw6 ctl multik stat
ID | Active | CPU | Connections | Peak
----------------------------------------------
0 | Yes | 3 | 0 | 0
1 | Yes | 2 | 0 | 4
2 | Yes | 1 | 0 | 2
[Expert@GW:0]#
[Expert@GW:0]# fw ctl multik stat
ID | Active | CPU | Connections | Peak
----------------------------------------------
0 | Yes | 3 | 10 | 14
1 | Yes | 2 | 6 | 15
2 | Yes | 1 | 7 | 15
[Expert@GW:0]#

Step 2 - Configure NAT46 Rules

Configure NAT46 rules as Manual NAT rules in the Access Control Policy.
Make sure that you add Access Control rules that allow this NAT traffic.

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 Working with NAT46 Rules

1. Configure an applicable source IPv4 object (IPv4 Host, IPv4 Address Range, or IPv4 Network).
To configure a source IPv4 Host object

a. Click Objects menu > New Host.

b. In the Object Name field, enter the applicable name.
c. In the Comment field, enter the applicable text.
d. Click the General page of this object.
e. In the IPv4 address field, enter the source IPv4 address.
f. In the IPv6 section:
Do not enter anything
g. On the NAT page of this object:
Do not configure anything.
h. Configure the applicable settings on other pages of this object.
i. Click OK.

To configure a source IPv4 Network object

a. Click Objects menu > New Network.

b. In the Object Name field, enter the applicable name.
c. In the Comment field, enter the applicable text.
d. Click the General page of this object.
e. In the IPv4 section:
i. In the Network address field, enter the IPv4 address of your source IPv4 network.
ii. In the Net mask field, enter the net mask of your source IPv4 network.
f. In the IPv6 section:
Do not enter anything.
g. On the NAT page of this object:
Do not configure anything.
h. Click OK.

To configure a source IPv4 Address Range object

a. Click Objects menu > More object types > Network Object > Address Range > New
Address Range.
b. In the Object Name field, enter the applicable name.
c. In the Comment field, enter the applicable text.
d. Click the General page of this object.

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 Working with NAT46 Rules

e. In the IPv4 section:

i. In the First IP address field, enter the first IPv4 address of your IPv4 addresses
range.
ii. In the Last IP address field, enter the last IPv4 address of your IPv4 addresses
range.
f. In the IPv6 section:
Do not enter anything.
g. On the NAT page of this object:
Do not configure anything.
h. Click OK.

2. Configure a destination IPv4 Host object.

This object represents the destination IPv4 address, to which the IPv4 sources connect.
To configure a translated destination IPv4 Host object

a. Click Objects menu > New Network.

b. In the Object Name field, enter the applicable name.
c. In the Comment field, enter the applicable text.
d. Click the General page of this object.
e. In the IPv4 section:
i. In the Network address field, enter the IPv4 address of your destination IPv4
network.
ii. In the Net mask field, enter the net mask of your destination IPv4 network.
f. In the IPv6 section:
Do not enter anything.
g. On the NAT page of this object:
Do not configure anything.
h. Click OK.

3. Configure a translated source IPv6 Network object with an IPv6 address defined with the 96-bit
prefix.
This object represents the translated source IPv6 addresses, to which you translate the source
IPv4 addresses.
To configure a translated source IPv6 Network object with an IPv6 address defined with
the 96-bit prefix

a. Click Objects menu > New Network.

b. In the Object Name field, enter the applicable name.
c. In the Comment field, enter the applicable text.

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 Working with NAT46 Rules

d. Click the General page of this object.

e. In the IPv4 section:
Do not enter anything.
f. In the IPv6 section:
i. In the Network address field, enter the translated source IPv6 address.
ii. In the Prefix field, enter the number 96.
g. On the NAT page of this object:
Do not configure anything.
h. Click OK.

4. Configure a translated destination IPv6 Host object.

This object represents the translated destination IPv6 address, to which the translated IPv4
sources connect.
To configure a translated destination IPv6 Host object

a. Click Objects menu > New Host.

b. In the Object Name field, enter the applicable name.
c. In the Comment field, enter the applicable text.
d. Click the General page of this object.
e. In the IPv4 section:
Do not enter anything.
f. In the IPv6 section:
In the Network address field, enter the destination static IPv6 address.
g. On the NAT page of this object:
Do not configure anything.
h. Configure the applicable settings on other pages of this object.
i. Click OK.

5. Create a Manual NAT46 rule.

Procedure

a. From the left Navigation Toolbar, click Security Policies.

b. In the top Access Control section, click NAT.

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 Working with NAT46 Rules

c. Right-click on the Manual Lower Rules section title, and near the New Rule, click Above
or Below.
Configure this NAT46 rule:

Original Original Original Translated Translated Translated

Source Destination Services Source Destination Services

*Any IPv4 *Any IPv6 IPv6 = Original

or Host Network Host
Source object object object
IPv4 with an
Host IPv6
object address
or defined with
Source the 96-bit
IPv4 prefix
Address
Range
object
or
Source
IPv4
Network
object

Do these steps:
i. In the Original Source column, add the applicable IPv4 object.
In this rule column, NAT46 rules support only these types of objects:
n *Any
n Host with a static IPv4 address
n Address Range with IPv4 addresses
n Network with IPv4 address
ii. In the Original Destination column, add the IPv4 Host object that represents the
destination IPv4 address, to which the IPv4 sources connect.
In this rule column, NAT46 rules support only IPv4 Host objects.
iii. In the Original Services column, you must leave the default Any.
iv. In the Translated Source column, add the IPv6 Network object with an IPv6
address defined with the 96-bit prefix.
In this rule column, NAT64 rules support only IPv6 Network objects with an IPv6
address defined with the 96-bit prefix.
v. In the Translated Source column, right-click the IPv6 Network object with the 96-
bit prefix > click NAT Method > click Stateless NAT46.
The 46 icon shows in the Translated Source column.

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vi. In the Translated Destination column, add the IPv6 Host object represents the
translated destination IPv6 address, to which the translated IPv4 sources connect.
In this rule column, NAT46 rule supports only an IPv6 Host objects.
vii. In the Translated Services column, you must leave the default = Original.
To summarize, you must configure only these NAT46 rules (rule numbers are for
convenience only):

Original Original Translate Translated Translated

Original
# Destinatio d Destinatio
Source Services Services
n Source n

1 *Any IPv4 *Any IPv6 IPv6 =

Host Network Host Original
object object object
with an
IPv6
address
defined
with
the 96-bit
prefix

2 IPv4 IPv4 *Any IPv6 IPv6 =

Host Host Network Host Original
object object object object
with with an
a static IPv6
IPv4 address
address defined
with
the 96-bit
prefix

3 IPv4 IPv4 *Any IPv6 IPv6 =

Address Host Network Host Original
Range object object object
object with an
IPv6
address
defined
with
the 96-bit
prefix

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Original Original Translate Translated Translated

Original
# Destinatio d Destinatio
Source Services Services
n Source n

4 IPv4 IPv4 *Any IPv6 IPv6 =

Network Host Network Host Original
object object object object
with an
IPv6
address
defined
with
the 96-bit
prefix

6. Install the Access Control Policy.

Logging of NAT46 Traffic

Explanation

In the Security Gateway log for NAT64 connection, the source and destination IPv6 addresses show in
their original IPv6 format.
To identify a NAT46 entry, look in the More section of the Log Details window.

Field in Log Description

Xlate (NAT) Shows the translated source IPv6 address, to which the Security Gateway
Source IP translated the original source IPv4 address

Xlate (NAT ) Shows the translated destination IPv6 address, to which the Security Gateway
Destination IP translated the original destination IPv4 address

More Identifies the entry as NAT46 traffic (Nat46 enabled)

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Working with NAT64 Rules

Overview
NAT64 translation (RFC 6146) lets IPv6-only client communicate with IPv4-only server using unicast UDP,
TCP, or ICMP.
Definition on an IPv6-only client

One of these:
n A host with a networking stack that implements only IPv6.
n A host with a networking stack that implements both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols, but with only IPv6
connectivity.
n A host that runs an IPv6-only client application.

Definition of an IPv4-only server

One of these:
n A host with a networking stack that implements only IPv4.
n A host with a networking stack that implements both IPv4 and IPv6 protocols, but with only IPv4
connectivity.
n A host that runs an IPv4-only server application.

The translation of IP addresses is done by translating the packet headers according to the IP/ICMP
Translation Algorithm defined in RFC 6145. The IPv4 addresses of IPv4 hosts are translated to and from
IPv6 addresses using the algorithm defined in RFC 6052, and an IPv6 prefix assigned to the stateful NAT64
for this specific purpose.

Note - For information about DNS64, see RFC 6147.

Properties of Stateful NAT64

n Performs N:M translation:

l N must be greater than M
l If M=1, performs a Hide NAT behind a single IPv4 address.
l If M>1, performs a Hide NAT behind a range of IPv4 addresses.
n Gives good IPv4 address preservation (multiplexed using ports).
n Saves connection states and binding.
n There are no requirements on the assignment of IPv6 addresses to IPv6 clients. Any mode of IPv6
address assignment is legitimate (Manual, DHCP6, SLAAC).
n It is a scalable solution.

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NAT64 use case scenarios

n [IPv6 Network] --- (Internet) --- [Security Gateway] --- [internal IPv4 Network]
Common use case for Content Providers. DNS64 is not needed.
n [internal IPv6 Network] --- [Security Gateway] --- (Internet) --- [IPv4 Network]
Common use case for Carriers, ISPs, Enterprises. DNS64 is required.
n [IPv6 Network] --- [Security Gateway] --- [IPv4 Network]
Common use case for Enterprises. DNS64 is required.

Standards supported for NAT64

n RFC 6144 - Framework for IPv4/IPv6 Translation

n RFC 6146 - Stateful NAT64: Network Address and Protocol Translation from IPv6 Clients to IPv4
Servers
n RFC 6052 - IPv6 Addressing of IPv4/IPv6 Translators
n RFC 6145 - IP/ICMP Translation Algorithm
n RFC 2428 - FTP Extensions for IPv6 and NATs
n RFC 6384 - An FTP Application Layer Gateway (ALG) for IPv6-to-IPv4 Translation

Known Limitations for NAT64

NAT64 rules do not support:
n VoIP traffic.
n HTTPS Inspection.
n SSL de-multiplexer.
n Security Gateway in HTTP Proxy mode.
n IPS protection "HTTP Header Spoofing".

Example of NAT64 Translation Flow

Example topology

[IPv6 Client] --- (interface) [Security Gateway] (internal) --- [IPv4 Server]
Where:

Item Description

IPv6 Client IPv6 real address is 1111:1111::0100/96

Security IPv6 address is 1111:1111::1/96

Gateway
external
interface

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Item Description

Security IPv4 address is 10.0.0.1/24

Gateway IPv6 address is 3333:4444::1/96
internal
interface

IPv4 Server IPv4 real address is 10.0.0.100/24

IPv6 NATed address is 1111:2222::0A00:0064/96

IPv6 NATed IPv6 address of the network on the external Security Gateway side is
network 1111:2222::/96
These IPv6 addresses are used to translate the IPv4 address of the IPv4 Server to
the IPv6 address

IPv4 NATed IPv4 address of the network on the internal Security Gateway side is 1.1.1.0/24
network These IPv4 addresses are used to translate the IPv6 address of the IPv6 Client to
the IPv4 address

Example traffic flow

1. IPv6 Client opens an IPv6 connection to the NATed IPv6 address of the IPv4 Server:
From the IPv6 Client's IPv6 real address 1111:1111::0100 to the IPv4 Server's NATed IPv6
address 1111:2222::0A00:0064
Where:
The "1111:2222::" part is the NATed IPv6 subnet
The "0A00:0064" part is 10.0.0.100
2. Security Gateway performs these NAT translations:
a. Translate the IPv6 Client's source address from the real IPv6 address 1111:1111::0100 to
the special concatenated source IPv6 address 0064:FF9B::0101:01X
Where:
The "0064:FF9B::" part is a well-known prefix reserved for NAT64 (as defined by the RFC)
The "0101:01XX" part is 1.1.1.X
b. Translate the IPv6 Client's source address from the special concatenated source IPv6
address 0064:FF9B::0101:01XX to the source IPv4 address 1.1.1.X
c. Translate the IPv6 Client's NATed destination address from the IPv6 address
1111:2222::0A00:0064 to the NATed destination IPv4 address 10.0.0.100
3. IPv4 Server receives this request connection as from the source IPv4 address 1.1.1.X to the
destination IPv4 address 10.0.0.100
4. IPv4 Server replies to this connection from the source IPv4 address 10.0.0.100 to the destination
IPv4 address 1.1.1.X
5. Security Gateway performs these NAT translations:

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a. Translate the IPv4 Server's source real IPv4 address 10.0.0.100 to the source NATed IPv6
address 1111:2222::0A00:0064
b. Translate the IPv6 Client's NATed destination IPv4 address 1.1.1.X to the destination
special concatenated IPv6 address 0064:FF9B::0101:01X
Where:
The "64:FF9B::" part is a well-known prefix reserved for NAT64 (as defined by the RFC)
The "0101:01XX" part is 1.1.1.X
c. Translate the IPv6 Client's destination special concatenated IPv6 address
0064:FF9B::0101:01XX to the destination IPv6 real address 1111:1111::0100
6. IPv6 Client receives this reply connection as from the source IPv6 address 1111:2222::0A00:0064
to the destination IPv6 address 1111:1111::0100

Example summary

n Request: [IPv6 Client] ---> [Security Gateway] ---> [IPv4 Server]

Field in packet Original IPv6 packet NATed IPv4 packet

Source IP 1111:1111::0100 / 96 1.1.1.X / 24

Destination IP 1111:2222::0A00:0064 / 96 10.0.0.100 / 24

n Reply: [IPv6 Client] <--- [Security Gateway] <--- [IPv4 Server]

Field in packet Original IPv4 packet NATed IPv6 packet

Source IP 10.0.0.100 / 24 1111:2222::0A00:0064 / 96

Destination IP 1.1.1.X / 24 1111:1111::0100 / 96

Configuring NAT64
Step 1 - Prepare the Security Gateway for NAT64

Note - In a Cluster, you must configure all the Cluster Members in the same way.

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Step Instructions

1 Make sure that an IPv6 address is assigned to the interface that connects to the destination
IPv4 network, and the IPv6 network prefix length is equal to, or less than 96.

Note - This can be any valid IPv6 address with the IPv6 network prefix length
equal to, or less than 96.

n In Gaia Portal:
Click Network Management > Network Interfaces.
n In Gaia Clish:
Run:
show interface <Name of Interface> ipv6-address

If such IPv6 address is not assigned yet, assign it now.

For details, see the R81.20 Gaia Administration Guide - Chapter Network Management -
Section Network Interfaces - Section Physical Interfaces.

2 Make sure that the IPv6 routing is configured to send the traffic that is destined to the
NATed IPv6 addresses (defined in the Original Destination column in the NAT64 rule)
through the interface that connects to the destination IPv4 network.
n In Gaia Portal:
Click Advanced Routing > Routing Monitor.
n In Gaia Clish:
Run:
show ipv6 route

If such route does not already exist, add it in Gaia Clish.

For details, see the R81.20 Gaia Administration Guide.
Run these commands in Gaia Clish:
a. Add the static route:
set ipv6 static-route <NATed Destination IPv6
Addresses>/<96 or less> nexthop gateway <Any IPv6 Address
from the IPv6 subnet of the Interface that connects to the
destination real IPv4 network> on
Example topology:
[IPv6 Client] --- (NATed IPv6 of IPv4 side are 1111:2222::/96) [Security Gateway]
(eth3 with IPv6 3333:4444::1) --- [IPv4 Server]
In such case, configure the IPv6 route using this command:
set ipv6 static-route 1111:2222::/96 nexthop gateway
3333:4444::10 on
b. Save the configuration:
save config

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Step Instructions

3 Make sure that the number of IPv6 CoreXL Firewall instances is equal to the number of
IPv4 CoreXL Firewall instances.
1. Connect to the command line on the Security Gateway.
2. Log in to Gaia Clish, or Expert mode.
3. Show the number of IPv6 CoreXL Firewall instances:
fw6 ctl multik stat
4. Show the number of IPv4 CoreXL Firewall instances:
fw ctl multik stat
5. If the number of IPv6 CoreXL Firewall instances is less than the number of IPv4
CoreXL Firewall instances, then do these steps:
i. Run:
cpconfig
ii. Select Check Point CoreXL
iii. Select Change the number of IPv6 firewall instances
iv. Configure the number of IPv6 CoreXL Firewall instances to be the same as
the number of IPv4 CoreXL Firewall instances
v. Select Exit
vi. Reboot the Security Gateway
6. Connect to the command line on the Security Gateway.
7. Log in to Gaia Clish, or Expert mode.
8. Show the number of IPv6 CoreXL Firewall instances:
fw6 ctl multik stat
9. Show the number of IPv4 CoreXL Firewall instances:
fw ctl multik stat

Example output:
[Expert@GW:0]# fw ctl multik
ID | Active | CPU | Connections | Peak
----------------------------------------------
0 | Yes | 3 | 10 | 14
1 | Yes | 2 | 6 | 15
2 | Yes | 1 | 7 | 15
[Expert@GW:0]#
[Expert@GW:0]# fw6 ctl multik stat
ID | Active | CPU | Connections | Peak
----------------------------------------------
0 | Yes | 3 | 0 | 0
1 | Yes | 2 | 0 | 4
2 | Yes | 1 | 0 | 2
[Expert@GW:0]#

Step 2 - Configure NAT64 Rules

Define NAT64 rules as Manual NAT rules in the Access Control Policy.
Make sure that you add access rules that allow this NAT traffic.
1. Define a source IPv6 Network object.
This object represents the source IPv6 addresses, which you translate to source IPv4 addresses.

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Procedure

a. Click Objects menu > New Network.

b. In the Object Name field, enter the applicable name.
c. In the Comment field, enter the applicable text.
d. Click the General page of this object.
e. In the IPv4 section:
Do not enter anything.
f. In the IPv6 section:
i. In the Network address field, enter the IPv6 address of your IPv6 network, which
you translate to source IPv4 addresses.
ii. In the Prefix field, enter the prefix of your IPv6 network.
g. On the NAT page of this object:
Do not configure anything.
h. Click OK.

2. Define a translated destination IPv6 Network object with an IPv4-embedded IPv6 address, or a
translated destination IPv6 Host object with a static IPv6 address.
This object represents the translated destination IPv6 address, to which the IPv6 sources connect.
Procedure

a. Click Objects menu > New Network.

b. In the Object Name field, enter the applicable name.
c. In the Comment field, enter the applicable text.
d. Click the General page of this object.
e. In the IPv4 section:
Do not enter anything.

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 Working with NAT64 Rules

f. In the IPv6 section:

i. In the Network address field, enter the destination IPv4-embedded IPv6 address
(also called IPv4-mapped IPv6 address), to which the IPv6 sources connect.
Such IPv6 address contains (from left to right) 80 "zero" bits, followed by 16 "one"
bits, and then the 32 bits of the IPv4 address - 0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:X.Y.Z.W, where
X.Y.Z.W are the four octets of the destination IPv4 address.
For example, for IPv4 network 192.168.3.0, the IPv4-embedded IPv6 address is
0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:192.168.3.0, or 0:0:0:0:0:FFFF:C0A8:0300. For more information,
see RFC 6052.
These IPv4-embedded IPv6 addresses are published by an external DNS64
server.
ii. In the Prefix field, enter the applicable IPv6 prefix.
Note - You can define IPv4-embedded IPv6 addresses only for these object types:
Address Range, Network, and Host.
g. On the NAT page of this object:
Do not configure anything.
h. Click OK.

3. Define a translated source IPv4 Address Range object.

This object represents the translated source IPv4 addresses, to which you translate the original
source IPv6 addresses.
Procedure

a. Click Objects menu > More object types > Network Object > Address Range > New
Address Range.
b. In the Object Name field, enter the applicable name.
c. In the Comment field, enter the applicable text.
d. Click the General page of this object.
e. In the IPv4 section:
i. In the First IP address field, enter the first IPv4 address of your IPv4 addresses
range, to which you translate the source IPv6 addresses.
ii. In the Last IP address field, enter the last IPv4 address of your IPv4 addresses
range, to which you translate the source IPv6 addresses.
Notes:
n This IPv4 addresses range must not use private IPv4
addresses (see RFC 1918 and Menu > Global properties >
Non Unique IP Address Range
n This IPv4 addresses range must not be used on the IPv4 side
of the network.
n We recommend that you define a large IPv4 addresses range
for more concurrent NAT64 connections.

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f. In the IPv6 section:

Do not enter anything.
g. On the NAT page of this object:
Do not configure anything.
h. Click OK.

4. Create a Manual NAT64 rule.

Procedure

a. From the left navigation tree, click Security Policies.

b. In the top Access Control section, click NAT.

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c. Right-click on the Manual Lower Rules section title, and near the New Rule, click Above
or Below.
Configure this Manual NAT64 rule:
Important - Some combinations of object types are not supported in
the Original Source and Original Destination columns. See the
summary table with the supported NAT rules at the bottom of this
section.
i. In the Original Source column, add the IPv6 object for your original source IPv6
addresses.
In this rule column, NAT64 rules support only these types of objects:
n *Any
n Host with a static IPv6 address
n Address Range with IPv6 addresses
n Network with IPv6 address
ii. In the Original Destination column, add a translated destination IPv6 object with
an IPv4-embedded IPv6 address.
In this rule column, NAT64 rules support only these types of objects:
n Host with a static IPv6 address
n Address Range with IPv4-embedded IPv6 addresses
n Network with an IPv4-embedded IPv6 address
iii. In the Original Services column, you must leave the default Any.
iv. In the Translated Source column, add the IPv4 Address Range object for your
translated source IPv4 addresses range.
In this rule column, NAT64 rules support only these types of objects:
n Host with a static IPv4 address, only if in the Original Source column you
selected a Host with a static IPv6 address
n Address Range with IPv4 addresses
v. In the Translated Source column, right-click the IPv4 Address Range object >
click NAT Method > click Stateful NAT64:
n The Translated Packet Destination column shows = Embedded IPv4
Address.
n The 64 icon shows in both the Translated Source and Translated
Destination columns.
In this rule column, NAT64 rule supports only these types of objects:
n Host with a static IPv4 address, only if in the Original Source column you
selected a Host with a static IPv6 address
n Embedded IPv4 Address
vi. In the Translated Services column, you must leave the default = Original.

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d. Install the Access Control Policy.

5. Install the Access Control Policy.

To summarize, you must configure only these Manual NAT64 rules (rule numbers are for convenience
only):

Original Original Original Translated Translated Translated

#
Source Destination Services Source Destination Services

1 *Any IPv6 *Any IPv4 IPv4 =

Host Address Host Original
object with Range object
a static object
IPv6 address

2 *Any IPv6 *Any IPv4 Embedded =

Address Address IPv4 Original
Range Range Address
object with an object
IPv4-
embedded
IPv6
addresses

3 *Any IPv6 *Any IPv4 Embedded =

Network Address IPv4 Original
object with an Range Address
IPv4- object
embedded
IPv6 address

4 IPv6 IPv6 *Any IPv4 IPv4 =

Host Host Host Host Original
object object with object object
with a static
a static IPv6 address
IPv6
address

5 IPv6 IPv6 *Any IPv4 Embedded =

Host Address Address IPv4 Original
object Range Range Address
with object with object
a static IPv4-
IPv6 embedded
address IPv6
addresses

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Original Original Original Translated Translated Translated

#
Source Destination Services Source Destination Services

6 IPv6 IPv6 *Any IPv4 Embedded =

Host Network Address IPv4 Original
object object with an Range Address
with IPv4- object
a static embedded
IPv6 IPv6 address
address

7 IPv6 IPv6 *Any IPv4 IPv4 =

Address Host Address Host Original
Range object with Range object
object a static object
IPv6 address

8 IPv6 IPv6 *Any IPv4 Embedded =

Address Address Address IPv4 Original
Range Range Range Address
object object with object
IPv4-
embedded
IPv6
addresses

9 IPv6 IPv6 *Any IPv4 Embedded =

Address Network Address IPv4 Original
Range object with an Range Address
object IPv4- object
embedded
IPv6 address

10 IPv6 IPv6 *Any IPv4 IPv4 =

Network Host Address Host Original
object object with Range object
a static object
IPv6 address

11 IPv6 IPv6 *Any IPv4 Embedded =

Network Address Address IPv4 Original
object Range Range Address
object with object
IPv4-
embedded
IPv6
addresses

12 IPv6 IPv6 *Any IPv4 Embedded =

Network Network Address IPv4 Original
object object with an Range Address
IPv4- object
embedded
IPv6 address

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 Working with NAT64 Rules

Step 3 - Configure additional settings for NAT64

You can configure the additional settings that control the NAT64 translation mechanism.
These settings are compliant with RFC 6145.

Best Practice - We recommend that you change the default settings only if you are
familiar with the technology.

Procedure
1. Close all SmartConsole windows connected to the Management Server.
2. Connect with Database Tool (GuiDBEdit Tool) (see sk13009) to the applicable Security
Management Server or Domain Management Server.
3. In the top left section, click Table > Global Properties > properties.
4. In the top right section, click firewall_properties.
5. In the bottom section, scroll to these Field Names:
n nat64_add_UDP_checksum
n nat64_avoid_PMTUD_blackhole
n nat64_copy_type_of_service
n nat64_error_message_on_dropped_packets

6. Right-click the applicable parameter in the Field Name column and click Edit.
7. Select the applicable Value (true, or false) and click OK.

Field Name Description

nat64_add_UDP_ This parameter controls whether the translator should calculate and
checksum add a valid UDP checksum value to a packet, if the packet checksum
value is zero.
This is important because, by default, an IPv4 UDP packet with a
checksum value of zero is dropped on the IPv6 side.
Default: false

nat64_avoid_ This parameter controls whether to allow packet fragmentation on the

PMTUD_blackhole IPv4 (destination) side during PMTU discovery.
Enable this setting if some equipment combinations cause PMTU
discovery to fail.
Default: false

nat64_copy_type_ This parameter controls whether to copy the traffic Class Field to the
of_service Type Of Service field, and set the Type Of Service field in the
translated packet to zero.
Default: true

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Field Name Description

nat64_error_ This parameter controls whether to generate an audit log after a

message_on_ connection is closed.
dropped_packets For each closed connection, the log shows:
n Connection information (source and destination IP address,
source port, and service).
n Translated source IP address and source port.
n Start time and end time.
n If the connection was closed because the connection expired,
log shows additional information in the TCP End Reason field.
If this field does not show in the log, the connection was closed
with a TCP RST, or with a TCP FIN, and did not expire.
Default: true

8. Save the changes (click File > Save All).

9. Close the Database Tool (GuiDBEdit Tool).
10. Connect with the SmartConsole to the applicable Security Management Server or Domain
Management Server.
11. Install the Access Control Policy.

Logging of NAT64 traffic

Explanation

In the Security Gateway log for NAT64 connection, the source and destination IPv6 addresses show in
their original IPv6 format.
To identify a NAT64 entry, in the Log Details window, look at the More section.

Field in Log Description

Xlate (NAT) Shows the translated source IPv4 address, to which the Security Gateway
Source IP translated the original source IPv6 address

Xlate (NAT ) Shows the translated destination IPv4 address, to which the Security Gateway
Destination IP translated the original destination IPv6 address

More Identifies the entry as NAT64 traffic (Nat64 enabled)

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Advanced NAT Settings
This section describes advanced NAT configuration in specific scenarios.

Automatic and Proxy ARP

Giving a computer on the internal network an IP address from an external network using NAT makes that
computer appear on the external network. When NAT on the Security Gateway is configured automatically,
the Security Gateway replies on behalf of translated network objects to ARP Requests that are sent from the
external network for the IP address of the internal computer.

Item Description

1 Computer on the internal network with IP address 10.1.1.3

2 Security Gateway with external interface IP address 192.168.0.2 responds to ARP Requests
on behalf of translated internal objects

3 Translated IP Address 192.168.0.3 on the external network

4 External network

If you are using manual NAT rules, you must configure Proxy ARP entries to associate the translated IP
address with the MAC address of the Security Gateway interface that is on the same network as the
translated IP addresses.
See sk30197 for more information about configuring:
n Proxy ARP for IPv4 Manual NAT.
n Proxy ARP for Scalable Platforms.
See sk91905 for more about configuring Proxy NDP for IPv6 Manual NAT.

NAT and Anti-Spoofing

NAT is performed after Anti-Spoofing checks, which are performed only on the source IP address of the
packet.
This means that spoofing protection is configured on the interfaces of the Security Gateway in the same way
as NAT.

Disabling NAT in a VPN Tunnel

When communicating within a VPN, it is normally not necessary to perform NAT.

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You can disable NAT in a VPN tunnel with a single click in the VPN community object.
Disabling NAT in a VPN tunnel by defining a NAT rule slows down the performance of the VPN.

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 Internal Communication with Overlapping Addresses

Internal Communication with Overlapping Addresses

If two internal networks have overlapping (or partially overlapping) IP addresses, Security Gateway enables:
n Communication between the overlapping internal networks.
n Communication between the overlapping internal networks and the outside world.
n Enforcement of a different security policy for each overlapping internal network.

Example Network Configuration

Example topology:

For example, assume both Network 2A and Network 2B share the same address space (192.168.1.0/24).
Therefore, it is not possible to use standard NAT to enable communication between the two networks.
Instead, it is necessary to perform overlapping NAT on a per-interface basis.
n Users in Network 2A, who want to communicate with users in Network 2B, must use the
192.168.30.0/24 network as a destination.
n Users in Network 2B, who want to communicate with users in Network 2A, must use the
192.168.20.0/24 network as a destination.
The Security Gateway (4) translates the IP addresses in this way for each individual interface:

Interface IP Address Translation on the Interface

4A n Inbound source IP addresses are translated to the virtual network

192.168.20.0/24.
n Outbound destination IP addresses are translated to the network 192.168.1.0/24.

4B n Inbound source IP addresses are translated to the network 192.168.30.0/24.

n Outbound destination IP addresses are translated to the network 192.168.1.0/24.

4C Overlapping NAT is not configured for this interface.

Instead, use NAT Hide in the normal way (not on a per-interface basis) to hide source
addresses behind the interface's IP address (192.168.4.1).

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Communication Examples

Example 1 - Communication Between Internal Networks

If user 1A, at IP address 192.168.1.10 in Network 2A, wants to connect to user 1B, at IP address
192.168.1.10 (the same IP address) in Network 2B, user 1A opens a connection to the IP address
192.168.30.10.
Communication Between Internal Networks
Source IP Destination IP
Step
address address

Interface 4A - before NAT 192.168.1.10 192.168.30.10

Interface 4A - after NAT 192.168.20.10 192.168.30.10

Security Gateway enforces the security policy for packets

from network 192.168.20.0/24 to network
192.168.30.0/24.

Interface 4B - before NAT 192.168.20.10 192.168.30.10

Interface 4B - after NAT 192.168.20.10 192.168.1.10

Example 2 - Communication Between an Internal Network and the Internet

User 1A, at IP address 192.168.1.10 in Network 2A, connects to IP address 192.0.2.10 on the Internet
(3).
Communication Between an Internal Network and the Internet
Source IP Destination IP
Step
address address

Interface 4A - before NAT 192.168.1.10 192.0.2.10

Interface 4A - after NAT 192.168.20.10 192.0.2.10

The Security Gateway (4) enforces the security policy for

packets from network 192.168.20.0/24 to the Internet (3).

Interface 4C - before NAT 192.168.20.10 192.0.2.10

Interface 4C - after NAT Hide 192.168.4.1 192.0.2.10

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 Internal Communication with Overlapping Addresses

Routing Considerations

To allow routing from Network 2A to Network 2B (in our example above), you must configure the required
routes on the Security Gateway:

Destination Network Address Default Gateway

192.168.20.0 / 24 192.168.2.2

192.168.30.0 / 24 192.168.3.2

For configuration instructions, see the R81.20 Gaia Administration Guide > Chapter "Network Management"
> Section "IPv4 Static Routes".

Object Database Configuration

To activate the overlapping NAT feature, use Database Tool (GuiDBEdit Tool) (see sk13009), or the
dbedit command (see skI3301).
In our example network, the per-interface values for the interface 4A and the interface 4B are:

Parameter Value

enable_overlapping_nat true

overlap_nat_dst_ipaddr The overlapping IP addresses (before NAT).

In our example, 192.168.1.0 for both interfaces.

overlap_nat_src_ipaddr The IP addresses after NAT.

In our example:
n 192.168.20.0 for interface 4A.
n 192.168.30.0 for interface 4B.

overlap_nat_netmask The net mask of the overlapping IP addresses.

In our example, 255.255.255.0.

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Security Management behind NAT

Overview

Note - Security Management Server behind NAT is not supported on a Standalone

server (where the Security Management Server also acts as a Security Gateway) that
receives connections from outside the NATed domain (for example, when it receives
SAM commands).

Explanation

The Security Management Server sometimes uses a private IP address (as listed in RFC 1918), or some
other non-routable IP address, because of the lack of public IP addresses.
NAT (Static or Hide) for the Security Management Server IP address can be configured in one click,
while still allowing connectivity with managed Security Gateways. All Security Gateways can be
controlled from the Security Management Server, and logs can be sent to the Security Management
Server. NAT can also be configured for a Management High Availability server and a Log Server.
Example:

Item Description

1 Primary Security Management Server.

n Real IP address - 10.0.0.1
n Translated IP address - 192.168.55.1

2 Local Security Gateway that is directly connected to the Security Management Server.
The Remote Security Gateway connects to the Security Management Server through this
Local Security Gateway.

3 Remote Security Gateway that must connect to the Security Management Server.

Configuring NAT for Control Connections on the Security Management Server

Procedure

1. From the left navigation panel, click Gateways & Servers.

2. Double-click the Security Management Server object.

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 Security Management behind NAT

3. From the left, click NAT.

4. Select Add Automatic Address Translation rules.
5. In the Translation method field, select Static.
6. Configure the applicable IP address.
In our example - 192.168.55.1
7. Select the Security Gateway that must perform this NAT.
In our example - the local Security Gateway that is directly connected to the Security Management
Server.
8. Select Apply for Security Gateway control connections.
9. Click OK.
10. Install the Access Control Policy on the applicable Security Gateways.

Configuring NAT for Control Connections on a Remote Security Gateway

Possible cases when a Security Management Server is located behind NAT:

n A remote Security Gateway has to connect to the Security Management Server at its real (internal) IP
address.
n A remote Security Gateway has to connect to the Security Management Server at its NATed
(external) IP address.
To allow such connections from a remote Security Gateway, configure the required IP address in the
applicable configuration file on the remote Security Gateway:
Procedure

1. Configure NAT for Control Connections on the Security Management Server as described above.
2. Configure the Security Management Server not to override the $FWDIR/conf/masters file on
the remote Security Gateway / Cluster Members.
Procedure

a. Close all SmartConsole windows connected to the Security Management Server.

b. Connect with Database Tool (GuiDBEdit Tool) (see sk13009) to the applicable Security
Management Server or Domain Management Server.
c. In the top left section, click Table > Network Objects.
d. In the top right section, click network_objects.
e. In the right upper pane, select the object of the remote Security Gateway / Cluster.
f. Press CTRL+F (or go to Search menu > Find) > paste define_logging_servers > click
Find Next.
g. In the lower pane, right-click the define_logging_servers > select Edit > select "false" >
click OK.
h. Save the changes (click File > Save All).
i. Close the Database Tool (GuiDBEdit Tool).

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3. Configure the required IP address in the $FWDIR/conf/masters file on the remote Security
Gateway / Cluster Members.
Procedure

Note - In a Cluster, you must configure all the Cluster Members in the same way.

a. Connect to the command line on the Security Gateway / each Cluster Member.
b. Log in to the Expert mode.
c. Back up the current file:

cp -v $FWDIR/conf/masters{,_BKP}

d. Edit the current file:

vi $FWDIR/conf/masters

e. In the [Policy] section and in the [Log Server] section, add a new line above the current
line.
In the new line, enter the NATed (external) IP address of the Security Management
Server.
Important - If the remote Security Gateway has to connect to the real
IP address of the Security Management Server, you must also
configure the SIC name of the Security Management Server.
Copy it from the existing line:
CN=cp_mgmt,O=<xxx>.checkpoint.com.<yyy>

f. Save the changes in the file and exit the editor.

4. Install the Security Policy.

Procedure

a. Connect with the SmartConsole to the Security Management Server.

b. Install the Access Control Policy on the remote Security Gateway / Cluster.

Notes:
n Only one object can be defined with these settings, unless the second object is
defined as a Secondary Security Management Server or as a Log Server.
n Make sure in objects of all managed Security Gateways, on the Network
Management page, you configure the correct the Topology settings of the
applicable interfaces.

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IP Pool NAT
Overview

An IP Pool is a range of IP addresses that are routable to the Security Gateway.

IP Pool NAT ensures proper routing for encrypted connections in these VPN connection scenarios:
n Remote Access Client to MEP (Multiple Entry Point) Security Gateways
n Security Gateway to MEP Security Gateways
When a connection is opened from a Remote Access Client or a client behind a Security Gateway, to a
server behind the MEP Security Gateways, the packets are routed through one of the MEP Security
Gateways.
Return packets in the connection must be routed back through the same Security Gateway in order to
maintain the connection.
To ensure that this occurs, each of the MEP Security Gateways maintains a pool of IP addresses that are
routable to the Security Gateway.
When a connection is opened to a server, the Security Gateway substitutes an IP address from the IP pool
for the source IP address.
Reply packets from the server return to the Security Gateway, which restores the original source IP address
and forwards the packets to the source.

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NAT Priorities

IP Pool NAT can be used both for encrypted (VPN) and non-encrypted (decrypted by the Security Gateway)
connections.
Note - To enable IP Pool NAT for clear connections through the Security Gateway, it is
necessary to configure the required INSPECT settings in the applicable user.def file
(see "Location of 'user.def' Files on the Management Server" on page 172). Contact
Check Point Support for assistance.
For non-encrypted connections, IP Pool NAT has the following advantages over Hide NAT:
n New back connections (for example, X11) can be opened to the NATed host.
n User-to-IP server mapping of protocols that allow one connection per IP can work with a number of
hosts instead of only one host.
n IPsec, GRE, and IGMP protocols can be NATed using IP Pool NAT (and Static NAT). Hide NAT
works only with TCP, UDP, and ICMP protocols.
Because of these advantages, you can specify that IP Pool NAT has priority over Hide NAT, if both match
the same connection. Hide NAT is only applied if the IP pool is used up.

The order of NAT priorities:

1. Static NAT
2. IP Pool NAT
3. Hide NAT
Because Static NAT has all of the advantages of IP Pool NAT and more, it has a higher priority than the
other NAT methods.

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 IP Pool NAT

IP Pool Per Interface

You can define a separate IP address pool on one or more of the Security Gateway interfaces instead of
defining a single pool of IP addresses for the Security Gateway.
Defining an IP pool per interface solves routing issues that occur when the Security Gateway has more than
two interfaces.
Sometimes it is necessary that reply packets return to the Security Gateway through the same Security
Gateway interface.

Example:
This example diagram shows one of the MEP Security Gateways in a Remote Access Client to a MEP
Security Gateway deployment:

Item Description

1 Packets from source host:

Source: Original
Destination:

2 VPN tunnel through the Internet

3 MEP Security Gateway

3A IP Pool 1 packets:
Source: 10.55.8.x
Destination:

3B IP Pool 2 packets:
Source: 10.55.10.x
Destination:

4 Internal network 10.8.8.0

5 Target host in internal network 10.10.10.0

If a remote client opens a connection to the internal network, reply packets from hosts inside the internal
networks are routed to the correct Security Gateway interface through the use of static IP pool NAT
addresses.

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 IP Pool NAT

The remote client's IP address is NATed to an address in the IP pool on one of the Security Gateway
interfaces. The addresses in the IP pool can be routed only through that Security Gateway interface so that
all reply packets from the target host are returned only to that interface. Therefore, it is important that the IP
NAT pools of the interfaces do not overlap.
When the packet returns to the Security Gateway interface, the Security Gateway restores the remote peer's
source IP address.
The routing tables on the routers that lie behind the Security Gateway must be edited so that addresses from
a Security Gateway IP pool are returned to the correct Security Gateway interface.
Switching between IP Pool NAT per Security Gateway and IP Pool NAT per interface and then installing the
security policy deletes all IP Pool allocation and all NATed connections.

Reusing IP Pool Addresses For Different Destinations

IP Pool addresses can be reused for different destinations, which makes more efficient use of the addresses
in the pool. If a pool contains N addresses, then any number of clients can be assigned an IP from the pool
as long as there are no more than N clients per server.
Using IP Pool allocation per destination, two different clients can receive the same IP from the pool as long
as they communicate with different servers (connections 1 and 2). When reusing addresses from the IP
Pool, back connections are supported from the original server only (connection 3). This means that
connections back to the client can be opened only from the specific server to which the connection was
opened.

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 IP Pool NAT

Item Description

1 Security Gateway with IP Pool addresses A to Z

2 Clients.
Source: Original
Destination:

3A NATed packet from connection 3.

Source: A
Destination:

4A NATed packet from connection 4.

Source: A
Destination:

5A NATed packet from reply connection 5.

Source: Original
Destination: A

6A This server cannot open a connection with Destination A back to the client.

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 IP Pool NAT

The default Do not reuse IP Pool NAT behavior means that each IP address in the IP Pool is used once
(connections 1 and 2 in the following illustration). In this mode, if an IP pool contains 20 addresses, up to 20
different clients can be NATed and back connections can be opened from any source to the client
(connection 3).

Item Description

1 Security Gateway with IP Pool addresses A to Z.

2 Clients.
Source: Original
Destination:

3A NATed packet from connection 3.

Source: A
Destination:

4A NATed packet from connection 4.

Source: Z
Destination:

5 Connection.
Source: Original
Destination: A

Switching between the Reuse and Do not reuse modes and then installing the security policy, deletes all IP
Pool allocations and all NATed connections.

IP Pool Configuration Procedure

1. Enable IP Pool NAT in Global Properties

a. From the SmartConsole Menu, click Global properties.

b. In the Global properties > NAT page, select Enable IP Pool NAT and the required tracking
options.
c. Click OK.

2. For each Security Gateway or Security Gateway interface, create an object that represents
its IP pool NAT addresses

This object can be a Network, Network Group, or Address Range.

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Important:
n In a Cluster, you must configure separate IP Pool for each Cluster Member.
n It is not possible to configure a separate IP Pool for each Cluster Member
interface.
For example, for an Address Range, do the following:
a. From the Objects Bar (F11), In the network objects tree, select New > More > Network
Object > Address Range > Address Range.
b. In the General tab, enter the first and last IP addresses of the range.
c. Click OK.

3. Enable and configure IP Pool NAT in the Security Gateway object

a. From the left navigation panel, click Gateways & Servers.

b. Double-click the Security Gateway / Cluster object.
c. From the left, expand NAT and click IP Pool NAT.
d. In the IP Pool NAT page, select one of these options:
In a Security Gateway object:
n Allocate IP Addresses from and then select the address range you created to
configure IP Pool NAT for the whole Security Gateway.
n Define IP Pool NAT on Gateway interfaces to configure IP Pool NAT per interface.
In a Cluster object:
n Define IP Pool NAT on each cluster member
n Define IP Pool NAT on cluster member interfaces to configure IP Pool NAT per
interface.
e. Optional: Select one or more of these options:
n Use IP Pool NAT for VPN client connections
n Use IP Pool NAT for gateway to gateway connections
n Prefer IP Pool NAT over Hide NAT to specify that IP Pool NAT has priority over Hide
NAT, if both match the same connection. Hide NAT is only applied if the IP pool was
used up.

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 IP Pool NAT

f. Optional: Configure the applicable advanced settings.

Click Advanced and configure:
i. Return unused addresses to IP Pool after
Addresses in the pool are reserved for 60 minutes (default), even if the user logs off. If
the user disconnects from their ISP and then redials and reconnects, there will be two
Pool NAT addresses in use for the user until the first address from the IP Pool times
out. If users regularly lose their ISP connections, you may want to decrease the time-
out to prevent the IP Pool from being depleted.
ii. Reuse IP addresses from the pool for different destinations
This is a good option unless it is necessary to allow back connections to be opened to
clients from any source, rather than just from the specific server to which the client
originally opened the connection.
g. Click OK to close the Advanced IP Pool NAT Configuration window.
h. In a cluster object:
i. From the left, click Cluster Members.
ii. Double-click each Cluster Member.
iii. From the top, click the IP Pool NAT tab.
iv. Select Use IP Pool NAT.
v. In the Allocate IP addresses from field, select the applicable object for this Cluster
Member.

Important - In a Cluster, you must configure separate IP Pool for

each Cluster Member. It is not possible to configure a separate IP
Pool for each Cluster Member interface.

vi. Click OK to close the Cluster Member Properties window.

i. Click OK to close the Security Gateway / Cluster object.

4. Install the Security Policy

a. Connect with the SmartConsole to the Security Management Server.

b. Install the Access Control Policy on the remote Security Gateway / Cluster.

5. Edit the routing table of each internal router

Configure the applicable routes so that packets with an IP address assigned from the NAT pool are
routed to the appropriate Security Gateway or, if using IP Pools per interface, the appropriate
Security Gateway interface.

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 Mobile Access to the Network

Mobile Access to the Network

Check Point Mobile Access lets remote users easily and securely use the Internet to connect to internal
networks. Remote users start a standard HTTPS request to the Mobile Access Security Gateway, and
authenticate with one or more secure authentication methods.
The Mobile Access Portal lets mobile and remote workers connect easily and securely to critical resources
over the internet. Check Point Mobile Apps enable secure encrypted communication from unmanaged
smartphones and tablets to your corporate resources. Access can include internal apps, email, calendar,
and contacts.
To include access to Mobile Access applications in the Rule Base, include the Mobile Application in the
Services & Applications column.
To give access to resources through specified remote access clients, create Access Roles for the clients
and include them in the Source column of a rule.

Check Point Mobile Access Solutions

Check Point Mobile Access has a range of flexible clients and features that let users access internal
resources from remote locations. All these solutions include these features:
n Enterprise-grade, secure connectivity to corporate resources
n Strong user authentication
n Granular access control
For more information about the newest versions of Mobile Access solutions and clients, go to sk67820.

Client-Based vs. Clientless

Check Point remote access solutions use IPsec and SSL encryption protocols to create secure connections.
All Check Point clients can work through NAT devices, hotspots, and proxies in situations with complex
topologies, such as airports or hotels. These are the types of installations for remote access solutions:
n Client-based - Client application installed on endpoint computers and devices. The client supplies
access to most types of corporate resources according to the access privileges of the user.
n Clientless - Users connect through a web browser and use HTTPS connections. Clientless solutions
usually supply access to web-based corporate resources.
n On demand client - Users connect through a web browser and a client is installed when necessary.
The client supplies access to most types of corporate resources according to the access privileges of
the user.

Mobile Access Clients

n Capsule Workspace - An app that creates a secure container on the mobile device to give users
access to internal websites, file shares, and Exchange servers.
n Capsule Connect - A full L3 tunnel app that gives users network access to all mobile applications.
n Check Point Mobile for Windows - A Windows IPsec VPN client that supplies secure IPsec VPN
connectivity and authentication.

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 Mobile Access to the Network

Mobile Access Web Portal

The Mobile Access Portal is a clientless SSL VPN solution that supplies secure access to web-based
resources. After users authenticate to the portal, they can access Mobile Access applications such as
Outlook Web App and a corporate wiki.

SSL Network Extender

SSL Network Extender is an on-demand SSL VPN client and is installed on the computer or mobile device
from an Internet browser. It supplies secure access to internal network resources.

Configuring Mobile Access to Network Resources

Sample Mobile Access Workflow
This is a high-level workflow to configure remote access to Mobile Access applications and resources.
1. Use SmartConsole to enable the Mobile Access Software Blade on the Security Gateway.
2. Follow the steps in the Mobile Access Configuration wizard to configure these settings:
a. Select mobile clients.
b. Define the Mobile Access Portal.
c. Define applications, for example Outlook Web App.
d. Connect to the AD server for user information.
3. Select the policy type:
n The default is to use the Legacy Policy, configured in the Mobile Access tab in SmartConsole.
n To include Mobile Access in the Unified Access Control Policy, select this in Gateway
Properties > Mobile Access.
4. Add rules to the Policy:
n For Legacy Policy: Add rules in SmartConsole. Select Security Policies > Shared Policies>
Mobile Access > Open Mobile Access Policy in SmartConsole
n For Unified Access Control Policy: Add rules in SmartConsole > Security Policies Access
Control Policy.
5. Configure the authentication settings in Gateway Properties > Mobile Access > Authentication.
6. Install the Access Control Policy on the Security Gateway.
Users can access mobile applications through the configured Mobile Access Portal with the defined
authentication method.
7. Optional: Give secure access to users through the Capsule Workspace app with certificate
authentication.
a. In the Security Gateway object > Mobile Access > Authentication, click Settings, and select
Require client certificate.
b. Use the Certificate Creation and Distribution Wizard (in the Security Policies view > Client
Certificates > New).

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 Mobile Access to the Network

c. Users download the Capsule Workspace app.

d. Users open the Capsule Workspace app and enter the Mobile Access Site Name and
necessary authentication, such as user name and password.

Configure settings in Select the policy Update the

Enable Mobile
Mobile Access type and add rules Authentication
Access
wizard to policy settings

Users can Users download app, Generate a Install the

access internal open it, and enter certificate for the Access Control
resources settings clients Policy

Sample Mobile Access Deployment

This is a sample deployment of a Mobile Access Security Gateway with an AD and Exchange server in the
internal network.

Item Description

1 Mobile devices

2 Mobile Access tunnels

3 Internet (external networks)

4 Mobile Access Security Gateway

5 Internal network resources, AD and Exchange servers

In this sample Mobile Access deployment, a mobile device uses a Mobile Access tunnel to connect to the
internal network. The Mobile Access Security Gateway decrypts the packets and authenticates the user.
The connection is allowed and the mobile device connects to the internal network resources.

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 Mobile Access to the Network

Using the Mobile Access Configuration Wizard

This procedure describes how to enable and configure the Mobile Access Software Blade on a Security
Gateway with the Configuration wizard. For this sample configuration, the AD user group Mobile Access
contains all the users that are allowed to connect to the internal network. The deployment is based on the
Sample Mobile Access Deployment.
This configuration lets these clients connect to internal resources:
n Android and iOS mobile devices
n Windows and Mac computers
n Internet browsers can open a SSL Network Extender connection to the internal network

To configure Mobile Access:

1. In SmartConsole, go to Gateways & Servers and double-click the Security Gateway object.
The General Properties window opens.
2. In the General Properties > Network Security section, select Mobile Access.
The Mobile Access page of the Mobile Access Configuration Wizard opens.
3. Configure the Security Gateway to allow connections from the Internet and mobile devices. Select
these options:
n Web
n Mobile Devices - Select the required options.
n Desktops/Laptops -Select the required options.
4. Click Next.
The Web Portal page opens.
5. Enter the primary URL for the Mobile Access Portal.
The default is: https://<IPv4 Address of Security Gateway>/sslvpn
6. Click Next.
The Applications page opens.
7. Configure the applications to show:
a. In Web Applications, make sure Demo web application (World Clock) is selected.
b. In Mail/Calendar/Contacts, enter the domain for the Exchange server and select:
n Mobile Mail (including push mail notifications)
n ActiveSync Applications
n Outlook Web App
The Mobile Access Portal shows links to the Demo web and Outlook Web App applications.
The client on the mobile device shows links to the other applications.
8. Click Next.
The Active Directory page opens.

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 Mobile Access to the Network

9. Select the AD domain and enter the user name and password.
10. Click Connect.
The Security Gateway makes sure that it can connect to the AD server.
11. Click Next.
The Users page opens.
Click Add and then select the group Mobile Access.
12. Click Next and then click Finish.
The Mobile Access Configuration Wizard closes.
13. Click OK.
The Gateway Properties window closes.

Allowing Mobile Connections

The Mobile Access Configuration Wizard enables and configures the Mobile Access Software Blade. It is
necessary to add Firewall rules to allow connections from the VPN clients on the computers and devices.
Create a Host Node object for the Exchange server, all of the other objects are predefined.

Install
Name Source Destination VPN Service Action Track
On

Mobile Any ExchngSrvr RemoteAccess HTTP Accept Mobile Log

Access HTTPS Access
Users MSExchange GW

All connections from the RemoteAccess VPN community to the Exchange server are allowed. These are
the only protocols that are allowed: HTTP, HTTPS, and MS Exchange. This rule is installed on Security
Gateway in the MobileAccessGW group.

Defining Access to Applications

Use the Security Policies page in SmartConsole to define rules that let users access Mobile Access
applications. The applications that are selected in the Configuration Wizard are automatically added to this
page. You can also create and edit the rules that include these SmartConsole objects:
n Users and user groups
n Mobile Access applications
n Mobile Access Security Gateways

Activating Single Sign-On

Enable the SSO (Single Sign-On) feature to let users authenticate one time for applications that they use
during Mobile Access sessions. The credentials that users enter to log in to the Mobile Access Portal can be
re-used automatically to authenticate to different Mobile Access applications. SSO user credentials are
securely stored on the Mobile Access Security Gateway for that session and are used again if users log in
from different remote devices. After the session is completed, the credentials are stored in a database file.

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By default, SSO is enabled on new Mobile Access applications that use HTTP. Most Web applications
authenticate users with specified Web forms. You can configure SSO for an application to use the
authentication credentials from the Mobile Access Portal. It is not necessary for users to log in again to each
application.
To configure SSO

1. In SmartConsole, go to Security Policies > Shared Policies > Mobile Access.

2. Click Open Mobile Access Policy in SmartDashboard.
3. In the Mobile Access tab, select Additional Settings > Single Sign-On.
The Single Sign-On page opens.
4. Select an application and click Edit.
The application properties window opens and shows the Single Sign On page.

For Web form applications

1. In the Application Single Sign-On Method section, select Advanced and click Edit.
The Advanced window opens.
2. Select This application reuses the portal credentials. Users are not prompted.
3. Click OK.
4. Select This application uses a Web form to accept credentials from users.
5. Click OK.
6. Install the policy.

Connecting to a Citrix Server

Citrix Services
The Mobile Access Software Blade integrates the Citrix clients and services. It is not necessary to use STA
(Secure Ticketing Authority) servers in a Mobile Access Security Gateways deployment because Mobile
Access uses its own STA engine. You can also use Mobile Access in a deployment with STA and CSG
(Citrix Secure Gateway) servers.
The Mobile Access server certificate must use a FQDN (Fully Qualified Domain Name) that is issued to the
FQDN of the Mobile Access Security Gateway.

Sample Deployment with Citrix Server

This is a sample deployment of a Mobile Access Security Gateway and a Citrix web server in the DMZ. The
Citrix XenApp server is connected to the internal network.

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 Mobile Access to the Network

Item Description

1 Mobile devices

2 Mobile Access tunnels

3 Internet (external networks)

4 Security Gateway for the internal network

5 Mobile Access Security Gateway in the DMZ

6 Citrix web interface

7 Internal network resources

8 Citrix XenApp (MetaFrame) server

Configuring Citrix Services for Mobile Access

This procedure describes how to configure Mobile Access to let remote users connect to Citrix applications.
The deployment is based on the Sample Deployment with Citrix Server (see "Sample Deployment with Citrix
Server" on the previous page).

To configure Citrix services:

1. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Blades.
2. In the Mobile Access, click Configure in SmartDashboard.
3. In the Mobile Access tab, click Applications > Citrix Services.
4. Click New.
The General Properties page of the Citrix Service window opens.
5. Enter the Name for the Citrix server object.
6. From the navigation tree, click Web Interface.
7. Create a new object for the Citrix web interface server, in Servers, click Manage > New > Host.

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The Host Node window opens.

8. Enter the settings for the Citrix web interface server.
9. Click OK.
10. In Services, select one or more of these services that the Citrix web interface server supports:
n HTTP
n HTTPS
11. From the navigation tree, click Link in Portal.
12. Configure the settings for the link to the Citrix services in the Mobile Access Portal:
n Link text - The text that is shown for the Citrix link
n URL - The URL for the directory or subdirectory of the Citrix application
n Tooltip - Text that is shown when the user pauses the mouse pointer above the Citrix link
13. From the navigation tree, select Additional Settings > Single Sign On.
14. Enable Single Sign On for Citrix services, select these options:
n Turn on single Sign On for this application
n Prompt users for their credentials, and store them for future use
15. Click OK.
The Citrix server object is added to Defined Citrix Services.
16. From the Mobile Access navigation tree, select Policy.
17. Add the Citrix services object to the applicable rules.
a. Right-click on the Applications cell of a rule and select Add Applications.
b. Select the Citrix services object.
18. Install the policy.

Compliance Check
The Mobile Access Software Blade lets you use the Endpoint Security on Demand feature to create
compliance policies and add more security to the network. Mobile devices and computers are scanned one
time to make sure that they are compliant before they can connect to the network.
The compliance scanner is installed on mobile devices and computers with ActiveX (for Internet Explorer on
Windows) or Java. The scan starts when the Internet browser tries to open the Mobile Access Portal.

Compliance Policy Rules

The compliance policy is composed of different types of rules. You can configure the security and
compliance settings for each rule or use the default settings.
These are the rules for a compliance policy:
n Windows security - Microsoft Windows hotfixes, patches and Service Packs.
n Anti-Spyware protection - Anti-Spyware software.
n Anti-Virus protection - Anti-Virus software version and virus signature files.

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n Firewall - Personal Firewall software.

n Spyware scan - Action that is done for different types of spyware.
n Custom - Compliance rules for your organization, for example: applications, files, and registry keys.
n OR group - A group of the above rules. An endpoint computer is compliant if it meets one of the rules
in the group.

Creating a Compliance Policy

By default, Endpoint Security on Demand only allows endpoint computers that are compliant with the
compliance policy log in to the Mobile Access Portal.

To create a compliance policy:

1. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Blades.
2. In the Mobile Access section, click Configure in SmartDashboard.
3. On the Mobile Access tab, select Endpoint Security on Demand > Endpoint Compliance.
4. Click Edit policies.
The Policies window opens.
5. Click New Policy.
The Policies > New Policy window opens.
6. Enter the Name and Description for the policy.
7. Click Add.
The Add Enforcement Rules window opens.
8. Select rules for the policy.
You can also create new rules - click New Rule, and configure the rule settings.
9. Click OK.
The Policies > New Policy window shows the rules for the policy.
10. Select Bypass spyware scan if necessary.
When selected, the scan for endpoint computers that are compliant with the Anti-Virus or Anti-
Spyware settings is changed. These computers do not scan for spyware when they connect to a
Mobile Access Security Gateway.
11. Click OK.
The Policies window opens.
12. Click OK.

Configuring Compliance Settings for a Security Gateway

The Firewall on a Mobile Access Security Gateway only allows access to endpoint computers that are
compliant with the compliance policy.
This procedure shows how to configure the Laptop Computer policy for a Security Gateway (see
"Compliance Policy Rules" on the previous page).

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To configure the compliance settings:

1. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Blades.
2. In the Mobile Access section, click Configure in SmartDashboard.
1. In the Mobile Access tab, select Endpoint Security on Demand > Endpoint Compliance.
2. Select the Security and click Edit.
The Endpoint Compliance page of the Security Gateway properties window opens.
3. Select Scan endpoint machine when user connects.
4. Select Threshold policy and from the drop-down menu select Laptop Computer.
5. Click OK.
6. Install the policy on the Mobile Access Security Gateway.

Secure Workspace

Secure Workspace is a security solution that allows remote users to connect to enterprise network
resources safely and securely. The Secure Workspace virtual workspace provides a secure environment on
endpoint computers that is segregated from the "real" workspace. Users can only send data from this secure
environment through the Mobile Access Portal. Secure Workspace users can only access permitted
applications, files, and other resources from the virtual workspace.
Secure Workspace creates an encrypted folder on the computer called My Secured Documents and can be
accessed from the virtual desktop. This folder contains temporary user files. When the session terminates,
Secure Workspace deletes this folder and all other session data.
For more about configuring Secure Workspace and Mobile Access VPN, see the R81.20 Mobile Access
Administration Guide.
To enable Secure Workspace on a Mobile Access Security Gateway

1. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Blades.

2. In the Mobile Access section, click Configure in SmartDashboard.
Legacy SmartDashboard opens.
3. In the Mobile Access tab, click Endpoint Security on Demand > Secure Workspace.
4. Select the Security Gateway and click Edit.
The Check Point Secure Workspace page of the Security Gateway properties window opens.
5. Select This gateway supports access to applications from within Check Point Secure
Workspace.
6. Click OK.
7. Install the policy.

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Secure Workspace
Secure Workspace is a security solution that allows remote users to connect to enterprise network
resources safely and securely. The Secure Workspace virtual workspace provides a secure environment on
endpoint computers that is segregated from the "real" workspace. Users can only send data from this secure
environment through the Mobile Access Portal. Secure Workspace users can only access permitted
applications, files, and other resources from the virtual workspace.
Secure Workspace creates an encrypted folder on the computer called My Secured Documents and can be
accessed from the virtual desktop. This folder contains temporary user files. When the session terminates,
Secure Workspace deletes this folder and all other session data.
For more about configuring Secure Workspace and Mobile Access VPN, see the R81.20 Mobile Access
Administration Guide.

To enable Secure Workspace on a Mobile Access Security Gateway

1. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Blades.
2. In the Mobile Access section, click Configure in SmartDashboard.
Legacy SmartDashboard opens.
3. In the Mobile Access tab, click Endpoint Security on Demand > Secure Workspace.
4. Select the Security Gateway and click Edit.
The Check Point Secure Workspace page of the Security Gateway properties window opens.
5. Select This gateway supports access to applications from within Check Point Secure Workspace.
6. Click OK and then install the policy.

To Learn More About Mobile Access

To learn more about Mobile Access VPN, see the R81.20 Mobile Access Administration Guide.

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Site-to-Site VPN
The basis of Site-to-Site VPN is the encrypted VPN tunnel. Two Security Gateways negotiate a link and
create a VPN tunnel and each tunnel can contain more than one VPN connection. One Security Gateway
can maintain more than one VPN tunnel at the same time.

Sample Site-to-Site VPN Deployment

Item Description

A, B Security Gateways

2 VPN tunnel

3 Internal network in VPN domain

4 Host 4

5 Host 5

In this sample VPN deployment, Host 4 and Host 5 securely send data to each other. The Security
Gateways perform IKE negotiation and create a VPN tunnel. They use the IPsec protocol to encrypt and
decrypt data that is sent between Host 4 and Host 5.

VPN Workflow

Host 4 sends Security Gateways A & B Security Gateway A

packet to Host 5 create VPN tunnel encrypts data

Host 5 receives Security Gateway B Encrypted data is sent through

unencrypted data decrypts data VPN tunnel

VPN Communities
A VPN Domain is a collection of internal networks that use Security Gateways to send and receive VPN
traffic. Define the resources that are included in the VPN Domain for each Security Gateway. Then join the
Security Gateways into a VPN community - collection of VPN tunnels and their attributes. Network
resources of different VPN Domains can securely communicate with each other through VPN tunnels that
terminate at the Security Gateways in the VPN communities.
VPN communities are based on Star and Mesh topologies. In a Mesh community, there are VPN tunnels
between each pair of Security Gateway. In a Star community, each satellite Security Gateway has a VPN
tunnel to the central Security Gateway, but not to other Security Gateways in the community.
Mesh Topology Star Topology

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Item Description

1 Security Gateway

2 Satellite Security Gateways

3 Central Security Gateway

Sample Star Deployment

This section explains how to configure a VPN star community. This deployment lets the satellite Security
Gateways connect to the internal network of the central Security Gateway. The internal network object is
named: Internal-network.

To create a new VPN Star Community:

1. In SmartConsole, go to the Security Policies page.
2. In the Access Tools section, click VPN Communities.
3. Click New and select Star Community.
The New Star Community window opens.
4. Enter the name for the community.
5. From the navigation tree, select Encryption.
6. Configure the VPN encryption methods and algorithms for the VPN community.
7. Click OK.

To configure star VPN for the Security Gateways

For each Security Gateway in the VPN community, follow these configuration steps.
1. In SmartConsole, go to the Gateways & Servers page and double-click the Security Gateway
object.
The Security Gateway properties window opens.
2. In the Network Security section of the General Properties page, select IPsec VPN.
3. From the navigation tree, go to Network Management > VPN Domain.
n For the central Security Gateway, click Manually defined and select the Internal-network
object
n For a satellite Security Gateway, select All IP addresses
4. From the navigation tree, click IPsec VPN.
5. Configure the Security Gateway as a member of a VPN star community.

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a. In the This Security Gateway participates in the following VPN Communities section,
click Add.
The Add this Gateway to Community window opens.
b. Select the VPN Community.
c. Click OK.
6. Click OK.
After you create a community and configure Security Gateways, add those Security Gateways to the
community as a center or as a satellite Security Gateway.

To add a Security Gateway to a new star community

1. In SmartConsole, go to the Security Policies page.

2. In the Access Tools section, click VPN Communities.
3. Select the new star community and click Edit.
The Star Community window opens.
4. In the Gateways page, add Security Gateways to the community:
n Center Gateways - Click Add and select center Security Gateways. Select Mesh center
gateways, if necessary.
n Satellite Gateways - Click Add and select satellite Security Gateways.
5. Click OK.

Sample Combination VPN Community

Item Description

1 London Security Gateway

2 New York Security Gateway

3 London - New York Mesh community

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Item Description

4 London company partner (external network)

5 London Star community

6 New York company partner (external network)

7 New York Star community

This deployment is composed of a Mesh community for London and New York Security Gateways that
share internal networks. The Security Gateways for external networks of company partners do not have
access to the London and New York internal networks. However, the Star VPN communities let the
company partners access the internal networks of the sites that they work with.

Allowing VPN Connections

To allow VPN connections between Security Gateways in specific VPN communities, add Access Control
rules that accept such connections.
To allow all VPN traffic to hosts and clients on the internal networks of a specific VPN community, select
these options in the Encrypted Traffic section of the properties configuration window for that VPN
Community:
n For a meshed community: Accept all encrypted traffic
n For a Star Community: Accept all encrypted traffic on Both center and satellite gateways, or
Accept all encrypted traffic on Satellite gateways only.

Sample VPN Access Control Rules

This table shows sample VPN rules for an Access Control Rule Base. (The Action, Track and Time columns
are not shown. Action is set to Allow, Track is set to Log, and Time is set to Any.)

No. Name Source Destination VPN Service Install On

1 - Any NEGATED BranchOffices Any BranchOffices

Member LondonOffices LondonOffices
Security
Gateways

2 Site-to- Any Any All_GwToGw FTP-port Policy Targets

site VPN HTTP
HTTPS
SMTP

3 Remote Any Any RemoteAccess HTTP Policy Targets

access HTTPS
IMAP

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1. Automatic rule that SmartConsole adds to the top of the Implied Rules when the Accept All
Encrypted Traffic configuration option is selected for the BranchOffices VPN community and the
LondonOffices VPN community. This rule is installed on all the Security Gateways in these
communities. It allows all VPN traffic to hosts and clients on the internal networks of these
communities. Traffic that is sent to the Security Gateways in these VPN communities is dropped.
Note - This automatic rule can apply to more than one VPN community.
2. Site-to-site VPN - Connections between hosts in the VPN Domains of all Site-to-Site VPN
communities are allowed. These are the only protocols that are allowed: FTP, HTTP, HTTPS and
SMTP.
3. Remote access - Connections between hosts in the VPN Domains of Remote Access VPN
community are allowed. These are the only protocols that are allowed: HTTP, HTTPS, and IMAP.

To Learn More About Site-to-Site VPN

To learn more about site-to-Site VPN, see the R81.20 Site to Site VPN Administration Guide.

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 Remote Access VPN

Remote Access VPN

If employees remotely access sensitive information from different locations and devices, system
administrators must make sure that this access does not become a security vulnerability. Check Point's
Remote Access VPN solutions let you create a VPN tunnel between a remote user and the internal network.
The Mobile Access Software Blade extends the functionality of Remote Access solutions to include many
clients and deployments.

VPN Connectivity Modes

When securely connecting remote clients with the internal resources, organizations face connectivity
challenges, such as these:
n The IP addresses of a remote access client might be unknown
n The remote access client can be connected to a LAN with internal IP addresses (such as, at hotels)
n It is necessary for the remote client to use protocols that are not supported
The Check Point IPsec VPN Software Blade provides these VPN connectivity modes to help organizations
resolve those challenges:
n Office Mode
Remote users can be assigned the same or non-routable IP addresses from the local ISP. Office
Mode solves these routing problems and encapsulates the IP packets with an available IP address
from the internal network. Remote users can send traffic as if they are in the office and avoid VPN
routing problems.
n Visitor Mode
Remote users can be restricted to using only HTTP and HTTPS protocols. Visitor Mode lets these
users tunnel all protocols through regular TCP connections on port 443.

Sample Remote Access VPN Workflow

Here is an example of a Remote Access VPN workflow:
1. Use SmartConsole to enable Remote Access VPN on the Security Gateway.
2. Add the remote user information to the Security Management Server:
n Create and configure an LDAP Account Unit
n Enter the information in the SmartConsole user database
Optional: Configure the Security Gateway for remote user authentication.
3. Define the Access Control and encryption rules for the Security Gateway.
4. Create the group objects to use in the Security Gateway rules:
n LDAP Group object - for an LDAP Account Unit
n User Group object - for users configured in the SmartConsole user database
5. Create and configure the encryption settings for the VPN community object in Menu > Global
properties > Remote Access > VPN - Authentication and Encryption.

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6. Add Access Control rules to the Access Control Rule Base to allow VPN traffic to the internal
networks.

Enable remote access VPN

Configure LDAP LDAP SmartConsole

Manage Users? Configure users
Account Unit

Configure Configure
user authentication user authentication

Create LDAP user Create user

Create VPN Community
group object group object

Configure rules
for VPN access
in Access Control
Rule Base

Install policy

Configuring the Security Gateway for a Remote Access

Community
Make sure that the VPN Software Blade is enabled before you configure the Remote Access community.
To configure the Security Gateway for Remote Access

1. In SmartConsole, click Gateways & Servers and double-click the Security Gateway.
The Security Gateway object opens and shows the General Properties page.
2. From the navigation tree, click IPsec VPN.
The page shows the VPN communities that the Security Gateway is participating.
3. To add the Security Gateway to a Remote Access community:

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a. Click Add.
b. Select the community.
c. Click OK.
4. From the navigation tree, click Network Management > VPN Domain.
5. Configure the VPN Domain.

To configure the settings for Visitor Mode

1. From the navigation tree, click VPN Clients > Office Mode.
2. Configure the settings for Office Mode.
Note - Office Mode support is mandatory on the Security Gateway side.
3. Click OK.
4. Publish the SmartConsole session.

To Learn More About Remote Access VPN

See the R81.20 Remote Access VPN Administration Guide.

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 Creating a New Threat Prevention Policy

Creating a New Threat Prevention

Policy
To learn about configuring a Threat Prevention Policy, see the R81.20 Threat Prevention Administration
Guide.

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 Creating a New Threat Prevention Policy

External Network Feeds

A network feed object is a network object that lets you enforce feeds that are generated on external
HTTP/HTTPS servers. The feed can contain IP addresses (single or ranges), domains, or both.
For example:
n Single IP (1.1.1.1)
n Range (1.1.1.1-2.2.2.2)
n IP + masklen (1.1.1.1/24)
n FQDN domain (google.com)
n Non-FQDN domain (*.google.com)
The feed must be written in a supported format (see below). The Security Gateway fetches, parses, and
updates the network feed object automatically according to the feed changes on the external source server.
There is no need to install policy for the updates to take effect. You can use an external network feed object
in the Access Control / HTTPS Inspection / NAT policy as a source, or a destination.

Note - Local feeds hosted on the Security Gateway are not supported.

Use Case
This feature is relevant for any customer who wants to use an external source as a network data provider,
and use this data in the Rule Base.
When you use a network feed, the Security Gateway updates the feed automatically, which:
n Requires less manual maintenance of the feed
n Reduces the number of policy installations
n Simplifies policy configuration
Notes:
n To work well, the Security Gateway must have access to the feed server through
HTTP/HTTPS. Otherwise, the Security Gateway cannot fetch the feed.
n A Security Gateway supports up to 500 network feed objects.
n A Security Gateway supports a total of 5,000 objects of these types: Dynamic
objects, Updatable objects, Generic Data Center objects, and Network Feed
objects.
n Supported feed formats: flat list, JSON.
n Dynamic and domain objects enforce the network feeds on the Security Gateway.
n SmartConsole shows logs for update feed events (if there is an Error/Warning
during the update), and for a successful feed update. Search for the network feed
name in the logs search field.

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To configure external network feeds:

1. In SmartConsole, go to the Object Explorer.
2. Click New > More > Network Object > Network Feed.
The New Network Feed window opens.
3. Configure Network settings:
Feed URL - Configure the URL which gives access to the external server feed.

Best Practice - Use HTTPS and not HTTP.

4. Feed Parsing:
Format - Configure the content structure in the feed, so the Security Gateway knows how to parse the
feed. The supported formats are Flat list and JSON.
If you select the Flat list format, configure these settings:
n Data type - From the drop-down menu, select: Domain, IP Address or IP Address/Domain, so
the Security Gateway knows which data type to enforce.
n Delimiter - Separates between the data values in the feed.
n Ignore lines with prefix - Defines which lines to ignore in the feed.
If you select the JSON format, configure these settings:
n Data Type - From the drop-down menu, select: Domain, IP Address or IP Address/Domain, so
the Security Gateway knows which data type to enforce.
n JSON Query - Defined how to extract the data from the feed in JQ syntax. For more
information on JQ, visit http://stedolan.github.io/jq/
5. Advanced Settings:
n Authentication - Enter the username and password with which you authenticate to the URL.
n Network:
l Use gateway proxy for connection - Select this checkbox to use the proxy when the
Security Gateway connects to the external server.
l Check feed interval - Interval in minutes for the feed update on the Security Gateway.
The default is 60 minutes.
6. Test Feed:
a. Click the Test Feed button to make sure that the Security Gateway can connect to the Feed
URL and that the certificate of the server which contains the Feed URL is valid.
The Test Feed window opens.

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b. In the Select gateway field, from the drop-down menu, select the Security Gateway on which
you want to run the test:
n If the test succeeds, you get a test completed successfully message.
n If the test fails, you get an error message.
n If the test fails because of an invalid certificate, this error message appears: Test failed
to authenticate the server certificate.
In this case, you can override the error message and connect to the server if you trust it.
Select Accept certificate anyway to connect to the server.
7. Click OK.
8. Use the New Network Feed object in your Access Control Rule Base.
9. Install the Access Control policy.

Monitoring
To monitor network feeds on the Security Gateway, run these commands in the Expert mode:

Note - In a cluster, run these commands on all Cluster Members.

Operation Command

See error and warning messages for network grep -i <Name of Network Feed>
feed update events $FWDIR/log/efo_error.elg

Get a list of IP addresses for all network feeds dynamic_objects -efo_show

that are used in the policy

Get a list of Domains and IP ranges related to a dynamic_objects -efo <Name of Network
specific network feed Feed>

Get a list of Domains associated with a specific domains_tool -ip <IP Address>
IP address

Get a list of IP addresses associated with a domains_tool -d <Name of Domain>

specific Domain

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Troubleshooting
To debug network feeds on the Security Gateway, run these commands in the Expert mode:

Note - In a cluster, run these procedures on all Cluster Members.

Operation Procedure

Collect the kernel debug for

network feed matching Important - This kernel debug causes high CPU load.
Schedule a maintenance window.

For more information, see the R81.20 Quantum Security Gateway

Guide > Chapter Kernel Debug.
1. Configure the kernel debug options:
fw ctl debug 0
fw ctl debug -buf 8200
fw ctl debug -m RAD_KERNEL all
fw ctl debug -m DOMO all
fw ctl debug -m UP all
2. Examine the kernel debug settings:
fw ctl debug -m
3. Start the kernel debug:
fw ctl kdebug -T -f > /var/log/kernel_
debug.txt
4. Replicate the issue.
5. Stop the kernel debug - press the CTRL+C keys.
6. Reset the kernel debug options:
fw ctl debug 0
7. Analyze the kernel debug output file:
/var/log/kernel_debug.txt

Collect the policy installation 1. In the first shell, start the debug:
debug to see information about fw -d fetchlocal -d $FWDIR/state/__tmp/FW1/
network feeds >> /var/log/policy_installation.txt 2>&1
2. In the second shell, monitor the output file:
tail -f /var/log/policy_installation.txt
3. In the first shell, stop the debug:
Press the CTRL+C keys.
4. In the second shell, stop monitoring the output file:
Press the CTRL+C keys.
5. Analyze the debug output file:
/var/log/policy_installation.txt

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Operation Procedure

Collect the debug of the network 1. In the first shell, start the debug:
feed update events TDERROR_ALL_ALL=1 dynamic_objects -efo_update
<Name of Network Feed> >> /var/log/network_
feed_update.txt 2>&1
2. In the second shell, monitor the output file:
tail -f /var/log/network_feed_update.txt
3. In the first shell, stop the debug:
Press the CTRL+C keys.
4. In the second shell, stop monitoring the output file:
Press the CTRL+C keys.
5. Analyze the debug output file:
/var/log/network_feed_update.txt

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Sharing SmartConsole
Configuration and Logs with Infinity
Portal
Starting from R81.20, you can connect from your on-premises Management Server to the Infinity Portal.
This lets you:
n Run services that are managed in the Infinity Portal on your Management Server objects.
To see the full list of services, go to SmartConsole > Infinity Services view.
For some services, you must enable Configuration Sharing and Log Sharing. See the documentation
for the specific service in the Infinity Portal Administration Guide.
n See a unified log view of all your Check Point products, both in cloud and on-premises.
This way, you can search for logs and events from all Check Point products in the same place.
n Use new administrator capabilities on the on-premises Management Server.
For example, you can run management APIs on the on-premises Management Server through the
Infinity Portal securely from anywhere in the world.

Prerequisites
n You must have a valid license for each Infinity Portal application or service that you use.
n You must have the Manage integration with Cloud Services option selected on your permission
profile. To have this option selected:
1. Go to Manage & Settings > Permissions & Administrators > Permission Profiles
2. Open the relevant Permission Profile.
3. Go to Management, and select Manage integration with Cloud Services.
To connect from SmartConsole to the Infinity Portal

1. From the left navigation panel, click Infinity Services.

2. Click Get Started.
The Instructions window opens.
3. In Connect to the Infinity Portal and get a token, click Get Token.
4. If you have more than one account, the Select Account window in the Infinity Portal opens.
Select the applicable account from the drop-down list and click Next.

Note - Each Management Server can connect to one account only.

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5. The Connect my Quantum Management to Infinity page opens.

Select the checkbox which indicates that you agree to share your Management Server data with
the Infinity Portal, and click Next.
The Copy This to SmartConsole page opens.
6. Copy the token and paste it in the Instructions window in SmartConsole.
The Management Server connects to the Infinity Portal.

To share your on-premises Management Server configuration information with the Infinity Portal

1. In SmartConsole > Infinity Services view, go to Data Sharing at the bottom of the page >
Configuration Sharing.
2. Click Edit.
The Configuration Sharing window opens.
3. Turn the Enable button to ON, and click OK.
The Management Server configuration information is now synchronized with the Infinity Portal.

To make sure that the synchronization took place:

1. Create an object in SmartConsole
2. In the Infinity Portal, go to Horizon > Policy > Cloud view > Assets.
3. In the search box, search for the object which you created in SmartConsole.

Note - You cannot edit objects shared from the Management Server in the Infinity Portal.

To share your on-premises Management Server log information with the Infinity Portal:

1. In SmartConsole > Infinity Services view > go to Data Sharing (located at the bottom of the page)
> Log Sharing.
2. Click Edit.
The Log Sharing window opens.
3. Select the products whose log information you want to share:
n All products
n Specific products - Select the applicable products from the drop-down list.
4. Change the Enable button to ON, and click OK.
The Management Server now synchronizes the log information with the Infinity Portal.
Note - To enable log sharing on a Standalone, the server must have:
n For an incoming log rate of less than 500 logs per second - at least 2 CPU
cores and 16GB of RAM.
n For an incoming log rate of more than 500 logs per second - at least 4 CPU
cores and 16GB of RAM.

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To connect to the applicable service in the Infinity Portal from SmartConsole

1. From the left navigation panel, click Infinity Services.

2. Go to the applicable service and connect to it.
For more information about each one of the services, see the Infinity Portal Administration Guide.

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 HTTPS Inspection

HTTPS Inspection
HTTPS Internet traffic uses the TLS (Transport Layer Security) protocol and is encrypted to give data
privacy and integrity. However, HTTPS traffic has a possible security risk and can hide illegal user activity
and malicious traffic. Security Gateways cannot inspect HTTPS traffic because it is encrypted. You can
enable the HTTPS Inspection feature to let the Security Gateways create new TLS connections with the
external site or server. The Security Gateways are then able to decrypt and inspect HTTPS traffic that uses
the new TLS connections.
There are two types of HTTPS Inspection:
n Outbound HTTPS Inspection - To protect against malicious traffic that is sent from an internal client
to an external site or server.
n Inbound HTTPS Inspection - To protect internal servers from malicious requests that arrive from the
Internet or an external network.
The Security Gateway uses certificates and becomes an intermediary between the client computer and the
secure web site. All data is kept private in HTTPS Inspection logs. Only administrators with HTTPS
Inspection permissions can see all the fields in such a log.

Inspecting HTTPS Connections

Outbound HTTPS Connections
Outbound connections are HTTPS connections that arrive from an internal client and connect to an external
server.
Outbound connection flow

1. An HTTPS request (from an internal client to an external server) arrives at the Security Gateway.
2. The Security Gateway inspects the HTTPS request.
3. The Security Gateway determines whether the HTTPS request matches an existing HTTPS
Inspection rule:
n If the HTTPS request does not match a rule, then the Security Gateway does not inspect the
HTTPS payload.
n If the HTTPS request matches a rule, then the Security Gateway continues to the next step.
4. The Security Gateway validates the HTTPS certificate from the external server.
The Security Gateway uses the Online Certificate Status Protocol (OCSP) standard.
5. The Security Gateway creates a new certificate for the connection to the external server.
6. The Security Gateway decrypts the HTTPS connection.
7. The Security Gateway inspects the decrypted HTTPS connection.
8. If the Security Policy allows this traffic, the Security Gateway encrypts the HTTPS connection.
9. The Security Gateway sends the HTTPS request to the external server.

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Inbound HTTPS Connections

Inbound connections are HTTPS connections that arrive from an external client and connect to a server in
the DMZ or the internal network.
Inbound connection flow

1. An HTTPS request (from an external client to an internal server) arrives at the Security Gateway.
2. The Security Gateway inspects the HTTPS request.
3. The Security Gateway determines whether the HTTPS request matches an existing HTTPS
Inspection rule:
n If the HTTPS request does not match a rule, then the Security Gateway does not inspect the
HTTPS payload.
n If the HTTPS request matches a rule, then the Security Gateway continues to the next step.
4. The Security Gateway uses the certificate for the internal server to create an HTTPS connection
with the external client.
5. The Security Gateway creates a new HTTPS connection with the internal server.
6. The Security Gateway decrypts the HTTPS connection.
7. The Security Gateway inspects the decrypted HTTPS connection.
8. If the Security Policy allows this traffic, the Security Gateway encrypts the HTTPS connection and
sends it to the internal server.

Configuring Security Gateways to inspect

outbound and inbound HTTPS traffic
This section gives an example of how to configure a Security Gateway to inspect outbound and inbound
HTTPS traffic.
Workflow overview

Step Instructions

1 Enable HTTPS Inspection on the Security Gateway.

2 Configure the Security Gateway to use the certificate.

n Outbound Inspection - Generate a new certificate for the Security
Gateway
n Inbound Inspection - Import the certificate for the internal server

3 Configure the HTTPS Inspection Rule Base.

4 Install the Access Control Policy.

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Enabling HTTPS Inspection

You must enable HTTPS Inspection on each Security Gateway.
To enable HTTPS Inspection on a Security Gateway

Step Instructions

1 From the SmartConsole Gateways & Servers view, edit the Security Gateway object.

2 Click HTTPS Inspection > Step 3.

3 Select Enable HTTPS Inspection.

The first time you enable HTTPS Inspection on one of the Security Gateways, you must create an outbound
CA certificate for HTTPS Inspection or import a CA certificate already deployed in your organization. This
outbound certificate is used by all Security Gateways managed on the Security Management Server.

Creating an Outbound CA Certificate

The outbound CA certificate is saved with a CER file extension and uses a password to encrypt the private
key of the file. The Security Gateways use this password to sign certificates for the sites accessed. You
must keep the password because it is also used by other Security Management Servers that import the CA
certificate to decrypt the file.
After you create an outbound CA certificate, you must export it so it can be distributed to clients. If you do not
deploy the generated outbound CA certificate on clients, users will receive TLS error messages in their
browsers when connecting to HTTPS sites. You can configure a troubleshooting option that logs such
connections.
After you create the outbound CA certificate, a certificate object named Outbound Certificate is created. Use
this object in rules that inspect outbound HTTPS traffic in the HTTPS Inspection Rule Base.
To create an outbound CA certificate

Step Instructions

1 In SmartConsole Gateways & Servers view, right-click the Security Gateway object and
select Edit.
The Gateway Properties window opens.

2 In the navigation tree, select HTTPS Inspection.

3 In Step 1 of the HTTPS Inspection page, click Create.

The Create window opens.

4 Enter the necessary information:

n Issued by (DN) - Enter the domain name of your organization.
n Private key password - Enter the password that is used to encrypt the private key of
the CA certificate.
n Retype private key password - Retype the password.
n Valid from - Select the date range for which the CA certificate is valid.

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Step Instructions

5 Click OK.

6 Export and deploy the CA certificate (see "Exporting and Deploying the Generated CA" on
page 364).

Importing an Outbound CA Certificate

You can import a CA certificate that is already deployed in your organization or import a CA certificate
created on one Security Management Server to another Security Management Server.

Best Practice - Use private CA Certificates.

For each Security Management Server that has Security Gateways enabled with HTTPS Inspection, you
must:
n Import the CA certificate.
n Enter the password the Security Management Server uses to decrypt the CA certificate file and sign
the certificates for users. Use this password only when you import the certificate to a new Security
Management Server.
To import a CA certificate

Step Instructions

1 If the CA certificate was created on another Security Management Server, export the
certificate from the Security Management Server, on which it was created (see "Exporting a
Certificate from the Security Management Server" on the next page).

2 In the SmartConsole Gateways & Servers view, right-click the Security Gateway object
and select Edit.
The Gateway Properties window opens.

3 In the navigation tree, select HTTPS Inspection.

4 In Step 1 of the HTTPS Inspection page, click Import.

The Import Outbound Certificate window opens.

5 Browse to the certificate file.

6 Enter the private key password.

7 Click OK.

8 If the CA certificate was created on another Security Management Server, deploy it to

clients (see "Exporting and Deploying the Generated CA" on page 364).

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Exporting a Certificate from the Security Management

Server
If you use more than one Security Management Server in your organization, you must first export the CA
certificate with the export_https_cert CLI command from the Security Management Server on which it
was created before you can import it to other Security Management Servers.
Command syntax
export_https_cert -help

export_https_cert {[-local] | [-s server]} [-f <certificate file name in

the FWDIR/tmp/ directory>]

To export the CA certificate

On the Security Management Server, run this command:

$FWDIR/bin/export_https_cert -local -f <certificate file name in the

FWDIR/tmp/ directory>

Example:

$FWDIR/bin/export_https_cert -local -f mycompany.cer

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Exporting and Deploying the Generated CA

To prevent users from getting warnings about the generated CA certificates that HTTPS Inspection uses,
install the generated CA certificate used by HTTPS Inspection as a trusted CA. You can distribute the CA
with different distribution mechanisms such as Windows GPO. This adds the generated CA to the trusted
root certificates repository on client computers.
When users run standard updates, the generated CA will be in the CA list and they will not receive browser
certificate warnings.
To distribute a certificate with a GPO

Step Instructions

1 From the HTTPS Inspection window of the Security Gateway, click Export
certificate.

2 Save the CA certificate file.

3 Use the Group Policy Management Console to add the certificate to the
Trusted Root Certification Authorities certificate store (see "Deploying
Certificates by Using Group Policy" on the next page).

4 Push the Policy to the client computers in the organization.

Note - Make sure that the CA certificate is pushed to the client

computer organizational unit.

5 Test the distribution by browsing to an HTTPS site from one of the clients.
Also, make sure the CA certificate shows the name you entered for the CA
certificate that you created in the Issued by field.

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 HTTPS Inspection

Deploying Certificates by Using Group Policy

You can use this procedure to deploy a certificate to multiple client machines with Active Directory Domain
Services and a Group Policy Object (GPO). A GPO can contain multiple configuration options, and is
applied to all computers in the scope of the GPO.
Membership in the local Administrators group, or equivalent, is necessary to complete this procedure.
To deploy a certificate using Group Policy

Step Instructions

1 On the Microsoft Windows Server, open the Group Policy Management Console.

2 Find an existing GPO or create a new GPO to contain the certificate settings. Make sure
the GPO is associated with the domain, site, or organization unit whose users you want
affected by the policy.

3 Right-click the GPO and select Edit.

The Group Policy Management Editor opens and shows the contents of the policy object.

4 Open Computer Configuration > Policies > Windows Settings > Security Settings >
Public Key Policies > Trusted Publishers.

5 Click Action > Import.

6 Do the instructions in the Certificate Import Wizard to find and import the certificate you
exported from SmartConsole.

7 In the navigation pane, click Trusted Root Certification Authorities and repeat steps 5-6 to
install a copy of the certificate to that store.

Configuring Inbound HTTPS Inspection

Configure the Security Gateway for inbound HTTPS Inspection.
To enable inbound HTTPS traffic inspection

Step Instructions

1 From the SmartConsole Gateways & Servers view, edit the Security Gateway object.

2 Click HTTPS Inspection > Step 3.

3 Select Enable HTTPS Inspection.

4 Import server certificates for servers behind the organization Security Gateway.

5 Define an HTTPS Inspection policy:

n Create rules
n Add a server certificate to the Certificate column of each rule.

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 HTTPS Inspection

The first time you enable HTTPS Inspection on one of the Security Gateways, you must create an outbound
CA certificate for HTTPS Inspection or import a CA certificate already deployed in your organization. This
outbound certificate is used by all Security Gateways managed on the Security Management Server.

Assigning a Server Certificate for Inbound HTTPS Inspection

Add the server certificates to the Security Gateway. This creates a server certificate object.
When a client from outside the organization initiates an HTTPS connection to an internal server, the
Security Gateway intercepts the traffic. The Security Gateway inspects the inbound traffic and creates a new
HTTPS connection from the gateway to the internal server. To allow HTTPS Inspection, the Security
Gateway must use the original server certificate and private key. The Security Gateway uses this certificate
and the private key for TLS connections to the internal servers.
After you import a server certificate (with a CER file extension) to the Security Gateway, add the object to
the HTTPS Inspection Policy.
Do this procedure for all servers that receive connection requests from clients outside of the organization.
To add a server certificate for inbound HTTPS Inspection

Step Instructions

1 In SmartConsole, go to Security Policies > HTTPS Inspection > HTTPS Tools >
Additional Settings.

2 Click Open HTTPS Inspection Policy In SmartDashboard.

SmartDashboard opens.

3 Click Server Certificates.

4 Click Add.
The Import Inbound Certificate window opens.

5 Enter a Certificate name and a Description (optional).

6 Browse to the certificate file.

7 Enter the Private key password. Enter the same password that was used to protect the
private key of the certificate on the server.

8 Click OK.

The Successful Import window opens the first time you import a server certificate. It shows you where to
add the object in the HTTPS Inspection Rule Base. Click Don't show this again if you do not want to see the
window each time you import a server certificate and Close.

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HTTPS Inspection Policy

The HTTPS Inspection rules define how the Security Gateways inspect HTTPS traffic. The HTTPS
Inspection rules can use the URL Filtering categories to identify traffic for different websites and
applications. For example, to protect the privacy of your users, you can use a rule to ignore HTTPS traffic to
banks and financial institutions.
For HTTPS Inspection to be enforced on a gateway on a specific blade, you must:
1. Enable HTTPS Inspection on the gateway.
2. Create a rule in the HTTPS Inspection policy with the required blade.
3. Enable the required blade on the gateway.
These are the Software Blades that support HTTPS Inspection:
n Access Control:
l Application Control
l URL Filtering
l Content Awareness
n Threat Prevention:
l IPS
l Anti-Virus
l Anti-Bot
l Threat Emulation
n Data Loss Prevention
Starting from R80.40, the HTTPS Inspection policy is in SmartConsole > the Security Policies view >
HTTPS Inspection. Starting from R80.40 you can create different HTTPS Inspection layers per different
policy packages. When you create a new policy package, you can use the pre-defined HTTPS Inspection
layer, or customize the HTTPS Inspection layer to fit your security needs.
You can share an HTTPS Inspection layer across multiple policy packages.
Note - When you go to the Security Policies view > HTTPS Inspection > HTTPS Tools
> Additional Settings > Open HTTPS Inspection Policy In SmartDashboard,
SmartDashboard unexpectedly closes, if there are more than 100,000 network objects
configured in the management database of the Management Server.

Fields

These are the fields that manage the rules for the HTTPS Inspection Security Policy.

Field Description

No. Rule number in the HTTPS Inspection Rule Base.

Name Name that the system administrator gives this rule.

Source Network object that defines where the traffic starts.

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Field Description

Destination Network object that defines the destination of the traffic.

Services The network services that are inspected or bypassed.

By default, the services HTTPS on port 443 and HTTP_and_HTTPS proxy on port
8080 are inspected. You can add or delete services from the list.

Site Category Categories for applications or web sites that are inspected or bypassed.

Action Action that is done when HTTPS traffic matches the rule. The traffic is inspected or
ignored (Bypass).

Track Tracking and logging action that is done when traffic matches the rule.

Install On Network objects that will enforce the HTTPS Inspection Policy. You can only select
Security Gateways that have HTTPS Inspection enabled (by default, the gateways
which appear in the Install On column have HTTPS inspection enabled).

Certificate The certificate that is used for this rule.

n Inbound HTTPS Inspection - Select the certificate that the internal server
uses. You can create server certificates from the SmartDashboard > HTTPS
Inspection > Server Certificates > Add.
n Outbound HTTPS Inspection - Select the Outbound Certificate object that you
are using for the computers in the network. When there is a match to a rule,
the Security Gateway uses the selected server certificate to communicate
with the source client.

Comment An optional field to add a summary for the rule.

Configuring HTTPS Inspection Rules

Create different HTTPS Inspection rules for outbound and inbound traffic.
The outbound rules use the certificate that was generated for the Security Gateway.
The inbound rules use a different certificate for each internal server.
You can also create bypass rules for traffic that is sensitive and should not be inspected. Make sure that the
bypass rules are at the top of the HTTPS Inspection Rule Base.
After you create the rules, install the Access Control Policy.

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 HTTPS Inspection

Sample HTTPS Inspection Rule Base

This table shows a sample HTTPS Inspection Rule Base for a typical policy (The Track and Install On
columns are not shown. Track is set to Log and Install On is set to HTTPS policy targets.)

Site
Sourc Destinatio Service Blad
No Name Catego Action Certificate
e n s e
ry

1 Inbound Any WebCalen HTTPS Any Inspec Any WebCalendarS

traffic dar t erver CA
Server

2 Financi Any Internet HTTPS Financi Bypas Any Outbound CA

al sites HTTP_ al s
HTTP Service
S_ s
proxy

3 Outbou Any Internet HTTPS Any Inspec Any Outbound CA

nd traffic HTTP_ t
HTTP
S_
proxy

1. Inbound traffic - Inspects HTTPS traffic to the network object WebCalendarServer. This rule uses
the WebCalendarServer certificate.
2. Financial sites - This is a bypass rule that does not inspect HTTPS traffic to websites that are
defined in the Financial Services category.
3. Outbound traffic - Inspects HTTPS traffic to the Internet. This rule uses the Outbound CA
certificate.

HTTPS Inspection Logs

HTTPS Inspection Rule Base enforcement consists of two steps:
1. Matching the connection against the Rule Base.
2. Calculating the action to be performed.
The action is calculated according to the matched rule, the Software Blades defined on the matched rule
and the rule exceptions. In certain scenarios, the action in the matched rule is Inspect, but as a result of Step
2, the action is changed to Bypass. In such case, the HTTPS Inspection log is sent with data from the
matched rule, but the action in the log is Bypass.
Example 1:
The rule in the HTTPS Inspection policy defines Action: Inspect and Blade: Threat Emulation. The Threat
Emulation blade is not enabled on a specific gateway. On that gateway, the traffic is not inspected by Threat
Emulation, and the log indicates Action: Bypass.
Example 2:
The administrator defined one rule in the HTTPS Inspection Policy:

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 HTTPS Inspection

Source Destination Services Action Track Blade

Any Any HTTPS Inspect Log IPS

The administrator also added the 10.1.1.0/24 net to the Global Exceptions for the IPS blade. User with IP
10.1.1.2 surfs to some HTTPS websites.
HTTPS Inspection Rule Base execution:
The connection was matched to the rule with action Inspect.
IPS is the only active blade on the matched rule, but the connection is in exception for the IPS blade.
Therefore the updated action is Bypass.
Performed action: SSL is not terminated, HTTPS Inspection log is sent with data from the matched rule, and
the action sent is Bypass.

Bypassing HTTPS Inspection for Software Update Services

Check Point dynamically updates a list of approved domain names of services from which content is always
allowed. This option makes sure that Check Point updates or other 3rd party software updates are not
blocked. For example, updates from Microsoft, Java, and Adobe.
To bypass HTTPS Inspection for software updates

Step Instructions

1 In SmartConsole, go to Security Policies > HTTPS Inspection> HTTPS Tools >

Additional Settings > Open HTTPS Inspection Policy in SmartDashboard.

2 In SmartDashboard, click the HTTPS Inspection tab.

3 Click HTTPS Validation.

4 Go to Whitelisting and select Bypass HTTPS Inspection of traffic to well-known software

update services (list is dynamically updated). This option is selected by default.

5 Click list to see the list of approved domain names.

Managing Certificates by Gateway

The Gateways pane in the HTTPS Inspection tab in SmartDashboard lists the gateways with HTTPS
Inspection enabled.
In the CA Certificate section, in the lower part of the Gateways pane, you can Renew the certificate validity
date range if necessary and Export it for distribution to the organization client machines.
If the Security Management Server which manages the selected Security Gateway does not have a
generated CA certificate installed on it, you can add it with Import certificate from file.
n You can import a CA certificate already deployed in your organization.
n You can import a CA certificate from another Security Management Server. Before you can import it,
you must first export it from the Security Management Server on which it was created (see "Exporting
and Deploying the Generated CA" on page 364).

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Adding Trusted CAs for Outbound HTTPS Inspection

When a client initiates an HTTPS connection to a website server, the Security Gateway intercepts the
connection. The Security Gateway inspects the traffic and creates a new HTTPS connection from the
Security Gateway to the designated server.
When the Security Gateway establishes a secure connection (a TLS tunnel) to the designated website, it
must validate the site server certificate.
HTTPS Inspection comes with a preconfigured list of trusted CAs. This list is updated by Check Point when
necessary and is automatically downloaded to the Security Gateway. After you install the update, make sure
to install the policy. You can select to disable the automatic update option and manually update the Trusted
CA list.
If the Security Gateway receives a non-trusted server certificate from a site, by default the user gets a self-
signed certificate and not the generated certificate. A page notifies the user that there is a problem with the
website security certificate, but lets the user continue to the website.
You can change the default setting to block untrusted server certificates.

Saving a CA Certificate
You can save a selected certificate in the trusted CAs list to the local file system.
To export a CA certificate

Step Instructions

1 In SmartDashboard, go to the HTTPS Inspection tab > Trusted CAs.

2 Click Actions > Export to file.

3 Browse to a location, enter a file name and click Save.

A *.cer file is created.

HTTPS Validation
In the HTTPS Validation page of SmartDashboard you can set options for

n Fail mode
n HTTPS site categorization mode
n Server validation
n Certificate blacklisting
n Whitelisting
n Troubleshooting

To learn more about these options, see the Help. Click the ? symbol in the HTTPS Validation page.

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Showing HTTPS Inspection Logs

The predefined log query for HTTPS Inspection shows all HTTPS traffic that matched the HTTPS Inspection
policy, and was configured to be logged.
To see HTTPS Inspection Logs

Step Instructions

1 In the SmartConsole Logs & Monitor view, go to the Logs tab, and click Queries.

2 Select the HTTPS Inspection query.

The Logs tab includes an HTTP Inspection Action field. The field value can be inspect or bypass. If HTTPS
Inspection was not done on the traffic, this field does not show in the log.

SNI support for Site Categorization

Starting from R80.30, a new functionality allows the categorization of HTTPS sites before the HTTPS
Inspection begins, and prevents connectivity failure if the inspection does not succeed.
SNI is an extension to the TLS protocol, which indicates the hostname at the start of the TLS handshaking
process.
The categorization is performed by examining the SNI field in the client hello message at the beginning of
the TLS handshaking process. To make sure that you reached the right site, the SNI is verified against the
Subject Alternative Name of the host, which appears in the certificate.
After the identity of the host is known and verified, the site is categorized, and it is determined whether the
connection should be inspected or not.
SNI support is enabled by default.

HTTPS Inspection on Non-Standard Ports

Applications that use HTTP normally send the HTTP traffic on TCP port 80. Some applications send HTTP
traffic on other ports also. You can configure some Software Blades to only inspect HTTP traffic on port 80,
or to also inspect HTTP traffic on non-standard ports.
The security policies inspect all HTTP traffic, even if it is sent using nonstandard ports. This option is
selected by default. You can configure this option in the Manage & Settings view > Blades > Threat
Prevention > Advanced Settings > General > HTTPS Inspection.

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Inspection of TLS v1.3 Traffic

From R81, the Check Point Security Gateway can inspect traffic that relies on Transport Layer Security
(TLS) v1.3 (see RFC 8446).
From R81.10, this feature is enabled by default for Security Gateways (and Cluster Members) that use the
User-Space Firewall Mode (USFW)).
For the list of supported platforms, see sk167052.

Important - In a Cluster, you must configure all the Cluster Members in the same way.

Note - To disable the inspection of the TLS v1.3 traffic for testing purposes, set the value
of the global parameter fwtls_enable_tlsio to 0 and reboot.

The HTTPS Inspection feature decrypts traffic for better protection against advanced threats, bots, and
other malware.

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 Client Certificates for Smartphones and Tablets

Client Certificates for Smartphones

and Tablets
To allow your users to access their resources using their handheld devices, make sure they can
authenticate to the Security Gateway with client certificates.
In many organizations, the daily task of assigning and maintaining client certificates is done by a different
department than the one that maintains the Security Gateways. The computer help desk, for example. You
can create an administrator that is allowed to use SmartConsole to create client certificates, while restricting
other permissions (see "Giving Permissions for Client Certificates" on page 378).
To configure client certificates, open SmartConsole and go to Security Policies > Access Control > Access
Tools > Client Certificates.
To configure the Mobile Access policy, go to Manage & Settings > Blades > Mobile Access > Configure in
SmartDashboard. The Client Certificates page in SmartConsole is a shortcut to the SmartDashboard
Mobile Access tab, Client Certificates page.

Managing Client Certificates

Check Point Mobile Apps for mobile devices can use certificate-only authentication or two-factor
authentication with client certificates and username/password. The certificate is signed by the internal CA of
the Security Management Server that manages the Mobile Access Security Gateway.
Manage client certificates in Security Policies > Access Control > Access Tools > Client Certificates..
The page has two panes.
n In the Client Certificates pane:
l Create, edit, and revoke client certificates.
l See all certificates, their status, expiration date and enrollment key. By default, only the first 50
results show in the certificate list. Click Show more to see more results.
l Search for specified certificates.
l Send certificate information to users.
n In the Email Templates for Certificate Distribution pane:
l Create and edit email templates for client certificate distribution.
l Preview email templates.

Creating Client Certificates

Note - If you use LDAP or AD, creation of client certificates does not change the LDAP or AD server. If you
get an error message regarding LDAP/AD write access, ignore it and close the window to continue.

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To create and distribute certificates with the client certificate wizard

1. In SmartConsole, select Security Policies > Access Control > Access Tools > Client
Certificates.
2. In the Client Certificates pane, click New.
The Certificate Creation and Distribution wizard opens.
3. In the Certificate Distribution page, select how to distribute the enrollment keys to users. You can
select one or both options.
a. Send an email containing the enrollment keys using the selected email template -Each
user gets an email, based on the template you choose, that contains an enrollment key.
n Template - Select the email template that is used.
n Site - Select the Security Gateway, to which users connect.
n Mail Server - Select the mail server that sends the emails.
You can click Edit to view and change its details.
b. Generate a file that contains all of the enrollment keys - Generate a file for your records
that contains a list of all users and their enrollment keys.
4. Optional: To change the expiration date of the enrollment key, edit the number of days in Users
must enroll within x days.
5. Optional: Add a comment that will show next to the certificate in the certificate list on the Client
Certificates page.
6. Click Next.
The Users page opens.
7. Click Add to add the users or groups that require certificates.
n Type text in the search field to search for a user or group.
n Select a type of group to narrow your search.
8. When all included users or groups show in the list, click Generate to create the certificates and
send the emails.
9. If more than 10 certificates are being generated, click Yes to confirm that you want to continue.
A progress window shows. If errors occur, an error report opens.
10. Click Finish.
11. Click Save.
12. In SmartConsole, install the Policy.

Revoking Certificates
If the status of a certificate is Pending Enrollment, after you revoke it, the certificate does not show in the
Client Certificate list.

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 Client Certificates for Smartphones and Tablets

To revoke one or more certificates

1. Select the certificate or certificates from the Client Certificate list.

2. Click Revoke.
3. Click OK.
After you revoke a certificate, it does not show in the Client Certificate list.

Creating Templates for Certificate Distribution

To create or edit an email template

1. In SmartConsole, select Security Policies > Access Control > Access Tools > Client
Certificates.
2. To create a new template: In the Email Templates for Certificate Distribution pane, select New.
To edit a template: In the Email Templates for Certificate Distribution pane, double-click a
template.
The Email Template opens.
3. Enter a Name for the template.
4. Optional: Enter a Comment. Comments show in the Mail Template list on the Client Certificates
page.
5. Optional: Click Languages to change the language of the email.
6. Enter a Subject for the email. Click Insert Field to add a predefined field, such as a Username.
7. In the message body add and format text. Click Insert Field to add a predefined field, such as
Username, Registration Key, or Expiration Date.
8. Click inside the E-mail Template body.
9. Click Insert Link and select the type of link to add (link or QR code).
n Site and Certificate Creation

For users who already have a Check Point app installed.

When users scan the QR code or go to the link, it creates the site and registers the
certificate.
Select the client type that will connect to the site- Select one client type that users will
have installed:
l Capsule Workspace - An app that creates a secure container on the mobile
device to give users access to internal websites, file shares, and Exchange
servers.
l Capsule Connect/VPN - A full Layer 3 tunnel app that gives users network access
to all mobile applications.

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 Client Certificates for Smartphones and Tablets

n Download Application

Direct users to download a Check Point App for their mobile devices.
Select the client device operating system:
l iOS
l Android
Select the client type that will connect to the site- Select one client type that users will
have installed:
l Capsule Workspace - An app that creates a secure container on the mobile
device to give users access to internal websites, file shares, and Exchange
servers.
l Capsule Connect/VPN - A full Layer 3 tunnel app that gives users network access
to all mobile applications.

n Custom URL

Lets you configure your own URL.

For each link type, you can select which elements are added to the mail template

n Link URL - Enter the full link address.

n QR Code - When enabled, users scan the code with their mobile devices.
n HTML Link - When enabled, users tap the link on their mobile devices.
You can select both QR Code and HTML Link to include both in the email.
n Display Text - Enter the text for the link title.

10. Click OK.

11. Optional: Click Preview in Browser to see a preview of how the email will look.
12. Click OK.
13. Publish the changes.

Cloning a Template
Clone an email template to create a template that is similar to one that already exists.
To create a clone of an email template

1. Select a template from the template list in the Client Certificates page.
2. Click Clone.
3. A new copy of the selected template opens for you to edit.

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 Client Certificates for Smartphones and Tablets

Giving Permissions for Client Certificates

You can create an administrator that is allowed to use SmartConsole to create client certificates, and restrict
other permissions.
To make an administrator for client certificates

1. Define an administrator (see ).

2. Create a customized profile for the administrator, with permission to handle client certificates.
Configure this in the Others page of the Administrator Profile. Restrict other permissions (see ).
See .

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 Preferences and Management Settings

Preferences and Management

Settings
This section describes various settings in SmartConsole.

Database Revisions
The Security Management architecture has built-in revisions. Each publish operation creates a new revision
which contains only the changes from the previous revisions.
Benefits of the revision architecture:
n Safe recovery from a crisis, restoring a database to a good known revision.
n Fast policy verification, based on the differences between installed versions
n More efficient Management High Availability.
Important - Before using the revision feature consider these limitations:
n Database Revision revert operation is not supported on a Backup Security
Management Server.
n Reverting to a previous revision is an irreversible operation. Versions that are
newer than the target revision are lost.
n Changes apply to objects only and not to the file system.
n Tasks, SIC and Licenses are not reverted.
n The revert action disconnects all other connected users and discards all of their
private sessions.
n Revision is not supported in these scenarios:
l For the Endpoint Security Management Server.

l If SmartConsole and the Security Management Server are connected

through a proxy server, the GUI for this feature is not supported. In this
case, use the applicable API command.
l VSX configuration or related networks differ between the source and target

revisions.
l A new Multi-Domain Server, a Security Management Server or a Check

Point object was created or deleted after the target revision date.
l The corresponding revision of the Global Domain, or the IPS or Application

Control components was purged.

n When you revert to a previous revision, a configuration of Site to Site VPN Tunnel
with Native Cloud is not saved. (See R81.20 Site to Site VPN Administration
Guide > Chapter Seamless Site to Site VPN Tunnel with Native Cloud.).

Best Practices:
1. We recommend to update the IPS and Application Control signatures and install
the policy after the revert. Install policy if changes to log destinations are applied.
2. If you need a full environment restore to a certain point in time, use Restore
Backup. All work done after the backup is lost. To learn more, see the: R81.20
Gaia Administration Guide
3. We recommend to purge irrelevant revisions. Accumulating too many revisions
can create a heavy load on the server, which may cause disk and performance
issues.

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To see saved database versions:

In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Sessions > Revisions.

To open a specific revision:

1. Go to Manage & Settings > Sessions > Revisions, and select a revision.
The bottom pane shows the audit logs of the changes made in the revision.
2. Optional: Click View.
A separate read-only SmartConsole session opens.

To compare between two revisions:

1. In SmartConsole, go to Manage & Settings > Sessions > Revisions.
2. Select a revision.
3. In the toolbar, click Changes.
4. Select the revision to compare to:
n The current revision
Or
n A previous revision in the list. If you select this option, select the applicable revision from the
list.
A changes report is generated. The report shows a comparison between the two selected revisions.

To revert to an earlier revision

1. Go to Manage & Settings > Sessions > Revisions, and select a revision.
2. In Actions, click Revert to this Revision.
The Revert to Revision wizard opens.

To delete all versions of the database that are older than the selected version:
1. Go to Manage & Settings > Sessions > Revisions, and select a revision.
2. In Actions, click Purge.
3. In the confirmation window that opens, click Yes.

Important - Purge is irreversible. When you purge, that revision and older revisions are deleted.

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Notes:
n When connected with SmartConsole to a Security Management Server, sessions
that were published through the Management API in the system Domain are not
shown in the Revisions view.
n When you connect with the Management API to the Domain of a Security
Management Server and run the show sessions API command with view-
published-sessions set to true, sessions that were published through
SmartConsole are not returned, even if they include changes in the system
Domain.

Setting IP Address Versions of the Environment

Many objects and rules use IP addresses. Configure the version that your environment uses to see only
relevant options.
To set IP address version

1. Click Manage & Settings.

2. Click Preferences.
3. Select the IP address version that your environment uses: IPv4, IPv6, or IPv4 and IPv6.
4. Select how you want to see subnets: Mask Length or Subnet Mask.

Restoring Window Default

Some windows in the SmartConsole offer administrators the option to not see the window again. You can
undo this selection, and restore all windows to show again.
This option is available only if administrators selected do not show in a window.
To restore windows from "do not show"

1. Click Manage & Settings.

2. Click Preferences.
3. In the User Preferences area, click Restore All Messages.

Configuring the Login Window

Administrators in your environment use SmartConsole daily. Customize the Login window, to set the
environment to comply with your organization's culture.
To customize the Login window

1. Click Manage & Settings.

2. Click Preferences > Login Message.
The Login Message window opens.
3. Select Show custom message during login.

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4. In Customize Message, enter a Header and Message for administrators to see.

The default suggestion is:
Warning
This system is for authorized use only

5. If you want the message to have a warning icon, in Customize Layout, select Add warning sign.
6. If you want the Login window to show your organization's logo, in Customize Layout, select Add
logo and then Browse to an image file.

Synchronization with UserCenter

You can add information regarding your environment to User Center, such as Security Gateway name,
version, and active blades. Check Point uses this additional information for better inventory management,
pro-active support, and more efficient ticket resolution.
To learn more, see sk94064.
To sync with User Center

1. In SmartConsole, click Manage & Settings.

2. Click Sync with User Center
3. Select Synchronize information once a day.

Inspection Settings
You can configure inspection settings for the Security Gateway:
n Deep packet inspection settings
n Protocol parsing inspection settings
n VoIP packet inspection settings
The Security Management Server comes with two preconfigured inspection profiles for the Security
Gateway:
n Default Inspection
n Recommended Inspection
When you configure a Security Gateway, the Default Inspection profile is enabled for it. You can also
assign the Recommended Inspection profile to the Security Gateway, or to create a custom profile and
assign it to the Security Gateway.
To activate the Inspection Settings, install the Access Control Policy.

Note - In SmartDashboard R77.30 and lower, Inspection Settings are configured as

IPS Protections.

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Configuring Inspection Settings

To configure Inspection Settings

1. In SmartConsole, go to the Manage & Settings > Blades view.

2. In the General section, click Inspection Settings.
The Inspection Settings window opens.
You can:
n Edit inspection settings.
n Edit user-defined Inspection Settings profiles. You cannot change the Default Inspection profile
and the Recommended Inspection profile.
n Assign Inspection Settings profiles to Security Gateways.
n Configure exceptions to settings.

To edit a setting

1. In the Inspection Settings > General view, select a setting.

2. Click Edit.
3. In the window that opens, select a profile, and click Edit.
The settings window opens.
4. Select the Main Action:
n Default Action - preconfigured action
n Override with Action - from the drop-down menu, select an action with which to override the
default - Accept, Drop, Inactive (the setting is not activated)
5. Configure the Logging Settings
Select Capture Packets, if you want to be able to examine packets that were blocked in Drop
rules.
6. Click OK.
7. Click Close.
For advanced configuration of SYN attacks, see sk120476.

To view settings for a certain profile

1. In the Inspection Settings > General view, click View > Show Profiles.
2. In the window that opens, select Specific Inspection settings profiles.
3. Select profiles.
4. Click OK.
Only settings for the selected profiles are shown.
You can add, edit, or delete custom Inspection Settings profiles.

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To edit a custom Inspection Settings profile

1. In the Inspection Settings > Profiles view, select a profile.

2. Click Delete, to remove it, or click Edit to change the profile name, associated color, or tag.
3. If you edited the profile attributes, Click OK to save the changes.

To add a new Inspection Settings profile

1. In the Profiles view, click New.

2. In the New Profile window that opens, edit the profile attributes:
3. Click OK.

To assign an Inspection Settings profile to a Security Gateway

1. In the Inspection Settings > Gateways view, select a Security Gateway, and click Edit.
2. In the window that opens, select an Inspection Settings profile.
3. Click OK.

To configure exceptions to inspection settings

1. In the Inspection Settings > Exceptions view, click New to add a new exception, or select an
exception and click Edit to modify an existing one.
The Exception Rule window opens.
2. Configure the exception settings:
n Apply To - select the Profile to which to apply the exception
n Protection - select the setting
n Source - select the source Network Object, or select IP Address and enter a source IP
address
n Destination - select the destination Service Object
n Service - select Port/Range, TCP or UDP, and enter a destination port number or a range
of port numbers
n Install On - select a Security Gateway, on which to install the exception
3. Click OK.
To enforce the changes, install the Access Control Policy.

SmartTasks
Management SmartTasks let you configure automatic actions according to different triggers in the system. A
SmartTask is a combination of trigger and action.
n Triggers are events – currently defined in terms of existing management operations, such as installing
a policy or publishing a session.

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n Actions are automatic responses that take place after the trigger event , such as running a script,
posting a web request or sending email.

Available Triggers

Note - Listed in the order they appear in SmartConsole.

n Before Publish - Fired when an administrator publishes a session. The SmartTask passes the
sessions meta-data (publishing administrator, domain information and session name) to the action. If
the local Management API server is available, the session changes about to be published are
formatted as a response to the "show changes" API.
n After Publish - Fired after an administrator successfully publishes a session. The SmartTask passes
the same information to the action as the Before Publish trigger.
n After Install Policy - Fired after a policy has been installed. The SmartTask passes to the action
information related to the policy installation task, such as the package installed, the administrator who
initiated the installation and the task's result.
n CloudGuard Controller Event - Fired when a new log is generated that matches this query in
SmartConsole > Logging & Monitoring view > Logs tab:

blade:"CloudGuard IaaS" AND severity:Critical

More Information

The Management Server creates events in this JSON format:

{
    "severity": "<VALUE1>",
    "log-description": "<VALUE2>",
    "product": "CloudGuard IaaS",
    "gateway-name": "<VALUE3>",
    "datacenter-name": [
    "<VALUE4>",
    "<VALUE5>",
    "...",
    "<VALUEx>"
    ],
"version": "1.0"
}

This is an example script (in the Action field, select Run Script):

#!/bin/sh
input=$(echo $1 | base64 --decode)
severity=$(echo $input | jq '.severity')
message=$(echo $input | jq '."log-description"')
gw_name=$(echo $input | jq '."gateway-name"')
dc_name=$(echo $input | jq '."datacenter-name"')

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echo -e "Subject: CloudGuard Controller event\r\n\r\nSeverity:

$severity\r\nMessage: $message\r\nData Center: $dc_name\r\nGateway: $gw_
name" | sendmail --domain=acme.com -f [email protected] -v [email protected]
--host=smtp.acme.com > /dev/null
echo "Email sent"

n After Submit - Fired after an administrator submits the current session for approval by another
administrator (see "Approval Cycle for Sessions (SmartWorkflow and Identity Provider)" on page 83).
n Before Submit - Fired immediately before an administrator submits the current session for approval
by another administrator (see "Approval Cycle for Sessions (SmartWorkflow and Identity Provider)"
on page 83).
n Before Reject - Fired immediately before an administrator rejects a submitted session (see "Approval
Cycle for Sessions (SmartWorkflow and Identity Provider)" on page 83).
n After Reject - Fired after an administrator rejects a submitted session (see "Approval Cycle for
Sessions (SmartWorkflow and Identity Provider)" on page 83).
n Before Login - Fired immediately before an administrator logs in to SmartConsole.
n After Approve - Fired after an administrator approves the session created by another administrator
(see "Approval Cycle for Sessions (SmartWorkflow and Identity Provider)" on page 83.
n Before Approve - Fired immediately before an administrator approves the session created by another
administrator (see "Approval Cycle for Sessions (SmartWorkflow and Identity Provider)" on page 83).

Available Actions
n Run Script - Runs a pre-defined Repository Script. The first parameter that the script gets is a path to
a file that contains the trigger's data. When the script is not configured to run on the local machine, the
trigger's data is passed as Base64 encoded JSON data, which can be decoded to implement custom
business logic. However, when the script is configured to run on the local machine, no decoding is
needed.
For SmartTasks configured to run with "Before" operation triggers, the repository script can signal
whether to abort or continue the operation by printing a JSON object with the "result" and optional
"message" fields and then exit with code 0. If the value of the "result" field is "failure" the operation
aborts.
For SmartTasks configured to run with other triggers, exit code 0 is treated as success. Any other exit
code is treated as failure.

Note - By default, Repository Scripts run on the local Security Management

Server although this can be customized using the Web API.

n Web Request - Executes an HTTPS POST web request to the configured URL. The trigger's data is
passed as JSON data to the request's payload.

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Notes:
l The configured URL must start with HTTPS and the target web server

capable of handling such requests.

l For web servers with self-signed SSL certificates, establish trust by

specifying the certificate's fingerprint. You can get the fingerprint by

clicking Get Fingerprint in the SmartTask editor or by viewing the
certificate in a web browser.
For SmartTasks configured to run with "Before" operation triggers, the repository script can signal
whether to abort or continue the operation by responding with JSON object "result" and optional
"message" fields and a status of 200 OK. If the value of the "result" field is "failure" the operation
aborts.
For SmartTasks configured to run with other triggers, a "200 OK" return code is treated as success.
Any other exit code is treated as failure.
n Send Mail - Sends a configured email.
Notes:
l Before you select this action, you must configure a Server object of type

SMTP Server that represents your SMTP server.

l You must configure the email template on the Advanced pane.

l You can use this action only for these triggers: After Install Policy, After

Submit, After Approve, After Publish, After Reject.

Configuring SmartTask Properties

1. Enter a unique name for the SmartTask - The name property is required and case sensitive.
2. Switch the SmartTask ON or OFF using the toggle button.
3. Optional - Enter a description for the SmartTask.
4. Select a trigger for the SmartTask.
5. Select an action that will happen once the trigger is fired.
6. Custom Data – You can add additional information to the JSON data sent with the trigger information
by adding a JSON object to the Custom Data field. The JSON custom data is concatenated to the
trigger's payload and passed to the action.
7. Optional - Add tags for the SmartTask object.

SmartTask Advanced Properties

The available advanced options depend on the action selected on the General tab.

Send Web Request

n Time-out – Number of seconds before the request times out and the request aborted.
n If the HTTPS request times out - Treat the time-out as an error and abort the event or continue
normally.
n X-chkp-shared-secret – Enter a shared secret that can be used by the target web server to identify
the Security Management Server. The value is sent as part of the request in the X-chkp-shared-secret
header in the out-going web request.

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Run script
n Time-out – Number of seconds before the request times out and the request aborted.
n If the script fails to run or times-out – Treat time-out (or execution failure) as an error and abort the
event or continue normally.

Send Email
Enter these email details:
n To
n Cc
n Sender
n Subject
n Attachment
n Body text
You can use the pre-defined options in the "To", "Cc", and "Sender" fields only for administrators that have
an email address defined in SmartConsole. You cannot use these fields for administrators that are
connected through an Identity Provider.
For administrators that do not have an email address defined in SmartConsole, do one of these:
n Manually enter the applicable email addresses of the administrators, or
n Create a mailing list of the administrators in your email program, and use the mailing list in the
relevant field.
For example:
In an "After Session Approve" SmartTask, an administrator reviews and approves a change made by a
submitter.
In the Email Configuration fields:
In the "To" field, instead of the pre-defined Submitter email" field, enter a mailing list of all the submitters.
In the "Cc" field, instead of the pre-defined "All reviewers" field" enter a mailing list of all the reviewers.
In the "Sender" field, instead of the pre-defined "Reviewer email" field, enter a dummy email, such as
"[email protected]".
For more information about the approval cycle workflow, see "Session Flow for Administrators" on page 77.
Example

Use Case:
A company policy dictates that the publish operation must be used with a service request number as a
prefix to the session name before saving any changes to the database, so the administrators can see
what the rationale for changing the security policy was.

Procedure:
Add the Validate Session Name Prefix to the Scripts Repository.

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1. Save the script in the repository.

Instructions

a. Click Gateways & Servers > Scripts > Scripts Repository > New ( )
b. Give the script a name.
c. In the Content text box, paste the script code below.
d. Click OK to save the script in the repository.

Script Code
#!/bin/bash
JQ=${CPDIR}/jq/jq
data=`echo $1 | base64 --decode -i`

# Extracting the required session name prefix for the session name
based on the input JSON
sessionNamePrefix=`echo $data | $JQ -r  .\"custom-data\".\"session-
name-prefix\"`

# If there's no input session name prefix, publish is allowed

if [[ $sessionNamePrefix = "null" ]] || [[ -z "$sessionNamePrefix" ]];
then
printf '{"result":"success"}\n'
exit 0
fi

# Extracting the actual session name

sessionName=`echo $data | $JQ -r .session.\"session-name\"`

# Abort the publish if the session doesn't contain a name at all

if [[ $sessionName = "null" ]]; then
    m1="Corporate Policy requires you to use a service request number
for the session's name prefix."
    m2="For example: ${sessionNamePrefix}######"
    m3="Session name is missing. Please change your session's name to
meet the requirements and try to publish again."
printf '{"result":"failure","message":"%s %s
%s"}\n' "$m1" "$m2" "$m3"
exit 0
fi

# Abort the publish if the session name doesn't match the expected
prefix
if [[ ! $sessionName == $sessionNamePrefix* ]]; then
    m1="Corporate Policy requires you to use a ticket number as the
session's name."
    m2="For example: ${sessionNamePrefix}###### "
    m2=${m2//\"/\\\"}
    m3="Please change your session's name to meet the requirements and
publish again."
printf '{"result":"failure","message":"%s %s
%s"}\n' "$m1" "$m2" "$m3"
exit 0
else
# Session name matches the expected prefix, publish is allowed

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printf '{"result":"success"}\n'
exit 0
fi

2. Create a SmartTask to run the session validation script.

Instructions

a. Go to Manage & Settings > Tasks > SmartTasks > New ( ).

b. Give the new SmartTask a name (you can call it "Validate Session Name Before
Publish")
c. In the Trigger and Action section, select from the drop down menu:
Before Publish and Run Script.
d. In the Select script from repository drop down, select the script saved in Step 1.
e. In the Custom Data field, enter this string:
{"session-name-prefix": "CR"}

Note - The variable "session-name-prefix" correlates to the variable

used at the beginning of the script in Step 1. If these are not identical,
this script cannot work and the process fails.

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3. Publish the SmartConsole session.

4. Add a network object.
5. Publish the changes using the required prefix.

Note - If you publish the session without using the prefix, the process fails.

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 Network Security for IoT Devices

Network Security for IoT Devices

Important - In R81.20 and higher, if you use the IoT Network Security application in the
Infinity Portal to configure IoT policies, all objects in the IoT Policy Layer in
SmartConsole become read-only. To edit these objects, use only the IoT Network
Security application in the Infinity Portal.

Introduction
The complexity of using IoT devices in the modern work environment such as hospitals, industries, and
smart-buildings has, at cost, exposed them to ill-natured and harmful cyber attacks. Malicious cyber
invasions into IoT devices have caused considerable financial loss to a number of enterprises. In addition to
monetary loss and physical damage, these attacks can lead to data breaches, data tampering, ransomware,
and even denial of service.
Common IoT devices susceptible to attack:

Smart Buildings/Offices Healthcare Industry

HVAC HVAC HVAC

Printers, copiers, fax machines Printers, copiers, fax machines Printers, copiers, fax machines

Elevators Elevators Elevators

Surveillance Cameras Surveillance Cameras Surveillance Cameras

Unhardened kiosk connected to Unhardened kiosk connected to Unhardened kiosk connected to

a LAN a LAN a LAN

Access control points Access control points Access control points

Programmable logic controllers Programmable logic controllers Programmable logic controllers

(PLCs) (PLCs) (PLCs)

Thermostats Thermostats Thermostats

Lighting Lighting Lighting

Residential smart meters MRI machines --

Fire alarms Fire alarms Fire alarms

N/A Ultrasound machines --

-- C-arms --

-- Infusion pumps --

-- Blood glucose meter --

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 Network Security for IoT Devices

Smart Buildings/Offices Healthcare Industry

-- Patient monitor --

What makes IoT devices so vulnerable:

n Outdated software, legacy OS, or no OS
n Basic Micro Controllers
n No Security-by-Design
n Lack of device management
n Shadow Devices
n Operational Limitations
Check Point's Infinity for IoT provides comprehensive network security for enterprise IT and IoT devices,
smart building devices, industrial IoT, and connected medical equipment in these ways:
1. Prevent malicious intents and unauthorized access to IoT devices by analyzing multiple threat
indicators from various resources.
2. Prevent infected devices from compromising other network elements.
3. Minimize the attack surface through internal network segmentation.
4. Provide deep insight information per IoT device.
5. Uses 3rd party discovery engine for IoT assets discovery.
6. Create separated IoT policy layer, using the discovered IoT device's attributes.

Note - Enforcement of IoT assets in the Access Control policy is not supported on
Centrally Managed Quantum Spark appliances running Gaia Embedded operating
system.

Prerequisites
n Check Point certified IoT Third Party Discovery Service installed on the network with a connection to
the Management Server.
n Discovery Service
l Industrial / Enterprise:
o Armis
o Claroty
o Indegy
o Ordr
o SAM
o SCADAfence

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l Medical:
o Medigate
o CyberMDX
o Cynerio
n Identity Awareness Web API must be activated on the enforcing Security Gateway (the configuration
is done automatically).
n Security Gateway version R80.10 and above

Network Overview
Check Point's Infinity for IoT delivers comprehensive IoT cyber-security by applying granular IoT-based
policies. Check Point's IoT protection solution mobilizes hospitals, industries, smart buildings and offices to
reduce and even eliminate IoT attacks.
n Identify and analyze IoT devices and traffic
n Deploy IoT policy enforcement points
n Identify and block IoT malicious intents

Network Diagram

Configuring the IoT Third Party Discovery

Service
Before Check Point Infinity for IoT can protect IoT devices from malicious attacks, you must configure the
IoT Third Party Discovery Service. The IoT Third Party Discovery Service configures a connection between
the Check Point Management Server and the IoT Third Party Discovery Engines.
The IoT Third Party Discovery Engines:

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n Discover the connected IoT assets (mainly in the Industrial and Healthcare sectors).
n Group the discovered assets into zones.
n Share the discovered assets and the recommended policies with the Check Point Management
Server.
To define the IoT Third Party Discovery Service

Step Instructions

1 Go to SmartConsole > Manage & Settings > Blades > IoT Third Party Discovery Service
> Create Controller.
The New IoT Third Party Discovery Service window opens.

2 To configure the General tab:

a. Enter the Hostname, Port, and Pre-shared Key. The pre-shared key must be
provided by the certified IoT Third Party Discovery Service, and used for authorizing
and authenticating the IoT Third Party Discovery Service.
b. Click OK.
The Certificate Trust window opens. Before verifying, check that the certificate is
valid, and that the IoT Third Party Discovery Service is the certified owner.
Infinity for IoT utilizes the Identity Awareness API. For easy activation, select the gateways
on which IoT enforcement will be done.
To configure the Gateways tab:
n Select the enforcing gateway for IoT traffic.
To configure the Policies tab:
a. Select the Policy to be applied on the IoT layer.
b. Click OK.

3 Publish the SmartConsole session.

4 Install Policy.

Configuring a new IoT Third Party Discovery Service generates a new IoT policy layer on the selected
profiles, a new Threat Prevention profile, and a new rule in the Threat Prevention policy.

To create a new IoT Third Party Discovery Service from an existing IoT Third Party Discovery Service
1. In SmartConsole, go to the Object Explorer pane.
2. Right-click an existing IoT Third Party Discovery Service and select New.

Adding IoT Assets to the Policy

After setting up the IoT policy, you can add IoT assets to the policy manually.
The policy is divided into three categories:

Category Description

User-Defined Used by administrators.

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Category Description

Auto-Generated Rules generated from network traffic and IoT network patterns.

Cleanup A set of rules for detected anomalies.

To define an IoT Access Rule

Step Instructions

1 From Security Policies > Access Control, select the IoT Layer.

2 Click User-Defined Section, and then click the plus sign.

3 In the Source and/or Destination field, click the plus sign > Add new item....
The Add new item window opens.

4 Select Import > IoT Controllers, and then select the IoT asset to add to the rule.

Infinity for IoT Logs

Using Check Point's IoT Security Manager, security teams can see detailed IoT device information such as
the manufacture's name, model, serial number, and its location. With a thorough log they gain a clearer,
contextual understanding about the device's behavior and forensics for event investigation.
Example 1 - Log Search by IoT Asset Information
Advanced log search using the enriched log data to simplify log filtering.

Example 2 - Extended Log Data

IoT log data contains enriched information that helps identify the IoT assets in the log.

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 Management High Availability

Management High Availability

This chapter descibes the configuration of Management High Availability.

Overview of Management High Availability

High Availability is redundancy and database backup for management servers. Synchronized servers have
the same policies, rules, user definitions, network objects, and system configuration settings.
Management High Availability uses the built-in revisions technology and allows the High Availability
procedure to synchronize only the changes done since the last synchronization. This provides:
n Real-time updates between management peers.
n Minimal effect on the management server resources.
The first management server installed is the primary. If the primary Security Management Server fails, or is
off line for maintenance, the administrator can initiate a changeover, so that the secondary server takes
over.
Notes:
n For High Availability (and Load Sharing) environments for Security Gateways,
see the R81.20 ClusterXL Administration Guide.
n For High Availability environments for Endpoint Security, see the R81.20
Harmony Endpoint Security Server Administration Guide.

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 The High Availability Environment

The High Availability Environment

A Management High Availability environment includes:
n One Active Security Management Server
n One or more Standby Security Management Server
For full redundancy, the active management server at intervals synchronizes its database with the
secondary server or servers.

Active vs. Standby

In a standard High Availability configuration there is one Active server at a time. The administrator uses the
Active server to manage the High Availability configuration. The Active server automatically synchronizes
the standby server(s) at regular intervals. You can open a Standby server only in Read Only mode. If the
Active server fails, you can initiate a changeover to make a Standby server become the Active server. If
communication with the Active server fails, there may be more than one Active server. This is called
Collision Mode.

Primary Server vs. Secondary Server

The sequence in which you install management servers defines them as Primary or Secondary. The first
management server installed becomes the Primary active server. When you install more Security
Management Servers, you define them as Secondary. Secondary servers are Standby servers by default.
Important notes about backing up and restoring in Management High Availability
environment:
n To back up and restore a consistent environment, make sure to collect and
restore the backups and snapshots from all servers in the High Availability
environment at the same time.
n Make sure other administrators do not make changes in SmartConsole until the
backup operation is completed.
For more information:
n About Gaia Backup and Gaia Snapshot, see the R81.20 Gaia Administration
Guide.
n About the "migrate export" and "migrate import" commands, see the
R81.20 CLI Reference Guide.
n About the "mds_backup" and "mds_restore" commands, see the R81.20 CLI
Reference Guide.
n About Virtual Machine Snapshots, see the vendor documentation.

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 Configuring a Secondary Security Management Server in SmartConsole

Configuring a Secondary Security Management

Server in SmartConsole
How to configure a Secondary Security Management Server in SmartConsole.
In the SmartConsole connected to the Primary Security Management Server, create a Check Point Host
object for the Secondary Security Management Server. After you publish the SmartConsole session,
synchronization starts between the Primary and Secondary Security Management Servers.

To configure the Secondary Security Management Server in SmartConsole:

1. Connect with SmartConsole to the Primary Security Management Server.
2. In the Object Explorer, click New > More > Network Object > Gateways and Servers > Check
Point Host.
3. In the General Properties page, enter a unique name and IP address for the Secondary Security
Management Server.
4. In the Software Blades section, go to the Management tab, and select Network Policy
Management.
This automatically selects the Secondary Server, Logging and Status, and Provisioning.
5. Create SIC trust between the Secondary Security Management Server and the Primary:
a. Click Communication.
b. Enter the SIC Activation Key of the secondary server.
c. Click Initialize.
d. Click Close.
6. Click OK.
7. Publish the SmartConsole session to save these session changes to the database.
The initialization and synchronization between the Security Management Servers start.
8. Monitor these tasks in the Task List, in the SmartConsole System Information area. Wait for the Task
List to show that a full sync has completed.
9. Open the High Availability Status window and make sure there is one Active Security Management
Server, and one Standby Security Management Server.
10. For each Security Gateway / Cluster, open the Security Gateway / Cluster object > go to Fetch
Policy, click Add, and add the Secondary Security Management Server.

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Synchronizing Active and Standby Servers

At intervals, the Active server synchronizes with the standby server or servers, and when you publish the
SmartConsole session. Sessions that are not published are not synchronized.

Monitoring High Availability

The High Availability Status window shows the status of each Security Management Server in the High
Availability configuration.

To see the server status in your High Availability environment:

1. Open SmartConsole and connect to a primary or secondary server.
2. On the Menu, click High Availability.
The High Availability Status window opens.
For the management server and its peer or peers in the High Availability configuration, the High Availability
Status window shows:
n A Warning or Error message - The message shows if there is a problem between the High Availability
peers.
n Connected To - The server that SmartConsole is connected to. Also, the High Availability mode of
the server (Active or Standby), and the synchronization status and actions of the server.
n Peers - The servers that the connected server sees. Also, the High Availability mode of each server
(Active or Standby), and the synchronization status and actions of each server.

Monitoring Synchronization Status and Actions

Status messages can be general, meaning that they apply to the full system, or they can apply to a specified
active or standby server. General messages show in the yellow overview banner.

General Status messages in

Description
overview banner

The database of the primary Security Management Server is identical

with the database of the secondary.

Some servers could not be A communication issue prevents synchronization, or some other
synchronized synchronization issue exists.

The active and standby servers are not communicating.

Communication Problem Some services are down or cannot be reached.

Collision or HA conflict More than one management server configured as active. Two active
servers cannot sync with each other.

When connected to a specified active management server:

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Status window
Peer Status Additional Information
area:

Connected to: Active SmartConsole is connected to the active management

server.

Peers Standby The peer is in standby. The message can also show:
n Sync problem, last time sync
n Synchronized successfully. Last sync time:
<time>
n No communication

Not communicating, last

sync time

Active A state of collision exists between two servers both

defined as active.

When connected to a specified Standby Management Server:

Status window area: Peer Status Description

Connected to: Standby Also shows: last sync time.

Peers Active The peer is on standby. The message can also show:
n No communication, last sync time
n OK., last sync time: <time>
n Sync problem, last sync time (in any direction)

Standby or Unknown Can also show: no communication.

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 Changing a Server to Active or Standby

Changing a Server to Active or Standby

The Active server synchronizes with the Standby server or servers at intervals, and when you publish the
session. Sessions that are not published are not synchronized.
Changeover between the primary (active) and secondary (standby) management server is not automatic. If
the Active fails or it is necessary to change the Active to a Standby, you must do this manually. When the
management server becomes Standby it becomes Read Only, and gets all changes from the new Active
server.
When you initiate changeover, all public data is synchronized from the new Active to the new Standby
server after the Standby becomes Active. Data from the new Active overrides the data on the new Standby.
Unpublished changes are not synchronized.

Best Practice - We recommend that you publish the SmartConsole session before
initiating a changeover to the Standby Security Management Server.

To Interchange the Active and Standby

1. Connect with SmartConsole to the Standby Security Management Server.
2. Click the Menu button and select High Availability.
The High Availability Status window opens.
3. Use the Action buttons to change the Standby server to Active.
This changes the previous Active server to Standby.

Working in Collision Mode

You can make more than one server Active. You may need to do that if there is no connectivity to the
primary. When you change the Standby to Active, it becomes Active without telling the current Active server
to become Standby. This is known as collision mode. You can later change one of the Active servers to
Standby, and return to the standard configuration.
When in collision mode, the Active servers do not sync even if they have network connectivity. When you
change one of them to Standby, sync starts and overwrites the data on the Standby server with the
remaining Active data.

Changeover Between Active and Standby

Changeover between the primary (active) and secondary (standby) management server is not automatic. If
the Active fails or it is necessary to change the Active to a Standby, you must do this manually. When the
management server becomes Standby it becomes Read Only, and gets all changes from the new Active
server.

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 High Availability Troubleshooting

High Availability Troubleshooting

These error messages show in the High Availability Status window when synchronization fails:

Not Communicating
Solution:
1. Check connectivity between the servers.
2. Test SIC.

Collision or HA Conflict
More than one management server is configured as active.
Solution:
1. From the main SmartConsole menu, select Management High Availability.
The High Availability Status window opens.
2. Use the Actions button to set one of the active servers to standby.

Warning - When this server becomes the Standby, all its data is overwritten by
the active server.

Sync Error
Solution:
Do a manual sync.

Unlocking the Administrator

In a High Availability environment, if an administrator is locked on the Standby Management Server, the
administrator is not locked and does not appear as locked on the Active Management Server. Therefore,
you cannot unlock the administrator on the Active Management Server.

To unlock the administrator:

Use the API command unlock-administrator on the Standby Management Server. See the Check
Point Management API Reference.

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 Environments with Endpoint Security

Environments with Endpoint Security

Environments that include Endpoint Security require additional steps and information.
For details, see High Availability in the R81.20 Harmony Endpoint Security Server Administration Guide.

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 High Availability Disaster Recovery

High Availability Disaster Recovery

If the primary Management Server becomes permanently unavailable:
1. Create a new Primary server with the IP address of the original Primary server.

Note - This is not supported for environments with Endpoint Security.

Step Instruction

1 Change the Secondary Management Server from Standby to Active.

2 Promote the Secondary Management Server to be Primary. Follow the procedure of

promoting a Secondary Management Server (see "Promote the Secondary
Management Server to Primary and create new licenses." below - no need to
remove instances of the old Primary Management object and install database).

3 Install the new Secondary Management Server with the IP of the old Primary
Management Server.

4 Reset SIC and connect with SIC to the new Secondary Management Server

To switch back to the original setup (to set the original Primary Management Server as the
Primary Management Server again):

Step Instruction

1 Change the new Secondary Management Server from Standby to Active.

2 Promote the new Secondary Management Server to be the Primary Management

Server. Follow the procedure of promoting a Secondary Management Server (See
"Promote the Secondary Management Server to Primary and create new licenses."
below - no need to remove instances of the original Primary Management object and
install database).

3 Install the new Secondary Management Server with the IP of the old Primary
Management Server.

4 Reset SIC and connect with SIC to the Secondary Management Server

2. Promote the Secondary Management Server to Primary and create new licenses.

The first Management Server installed is the Primary Server and all servers installed afterwards
are Secondary servers. The Primary server acts as the synchronization master. When the Primary
server is down, secondary servers cannot synchronize their databases until a Secondary is

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promoted to Primary and the initial sync completes.

Note - This is the disaster recovery method supported for High Availability
environments with Endpoint Security.

Important - Check Point product licenses are linked to IP addresses. At the

end of the disaster recovery you must make sure that licenses are correctly
assigned to your servers.

Before you start - make sure that the primary server is offline.

Step Instruction

1 Set the Secondary server to Active.

2 On the Secondary Management Server that you will promote, run:

#$FWDIR/bin/promote_util
#cpstop

3 Remove the $FWDIR/conf/mgha* files. They contain information about the current
Secondary settings. These files will be recreated when you start the Check Point
services.

4 Make sure you have a mgmtha license on the newly promoted server.

Note - All licenses must have the IP address of the promoted Security
Management Server.

5 Run cpstart on the promoted server.

6 Open SmartConsole, and:

a. Remove all instances of the old Primary Management object.
To see all of the instances, right-click the object and select Where Used.

Note - When you remove the old Primary Management Server, all
previous licenses are revoked.

b. Install database.

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 The ICA Management Tool

The ICA Management Tool

Overview
In the ICA Management Tool, an administrator can:
n Manage certificates
Warning - Do not use the ICA Management Tool to change SIC certificates or
VPN certificates. Change SIC and VPN certificates in SmartConsole only. Use
the ICA Management Tool for user certificate operations only, such as certificate
creation.
n Recreate CRLs
n Configure the Internal Certificate Authority (ICA) parameters
n Remove expired certificates

Note - The ICA Management Tool supports TLS.

Check Point ICA is fully compliant with X.509 standards for both certificates and CRLs. See the related
X.509 and PKI documentation, and RFC 2459 for more information.
For more information, see:
n sk102837: Best Practices - ICA Management Tool configuration
n sk39915: Invoking the ICA Management Tool

Connecting to the ICA Management Tool

The ICA Management Tool is disabled by default.
To connect to the ICA Management Tool:
1. In SmartConsole, configure the required administrator and user objects.
You must create a certificate for these administrators and users.
You use this certificate to configure the permitted users in the ICA Management Tool and in the client
web browsers.
See:
n .
n

2. In the command line on the Management Server, add the required administrators and users that are
permitted to use the ICA Management Tool.

cpca_client set_mgmt_tool add ...

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See "cpca_client set_mgmt_tool" on page 489.

3. In the command line on the Management Server, start the ICA Management Tool.

cpca_client set_mgmt_tool on

See "cpca_client set_mgmt_tool" on page 489.

4. Check the status of the ICA Management Tool:

cpca_client set_mgmt_tool print

See "cpca_client set_mgmt_tool" on page 489.

5. Import the administrator's / user's certificate into the Windows Certificate Store:
a. Right-click the *.p12 file you saved when you created the required administrator / user, and
click Install PFX.
The Certificate Import Wizard opens.
b. In the Store Location section, select the applicable option:
n Current User (this is the default)
n Local Machine
c. Click Next.
d. Enter the same certificate password you used when you created the required administrator /
user certificate.
e. Clear Enable strong private key protection.
f. Select Mark this key as exportable.
g. Click Next.
h. Select Place all certificates in the following store > click Browse > select Personal > click
OK.
i. Click Next.
j. Click Finish.
6. In a web browser, connect to the ICA Management Tool:

https://<IP Address of the Management Server>:18265

Important - The fact that the TCP port 18265 is open is not a vulnerability. The
ICA Management Tool Portal is secured and protected by SSL. In addition, only
authorized administrators and users are allowed to access it using a certificate.

7. A dialog box with this message appears:

Client Authentication
Identification
The Web site you want to view requests identification.
Select the certificate to use when connecting.

8. Select the appropriate certificate for authenticating to the ICA Management Tool.

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9. Click OK.
10. In the Security Alert dialog box, click Yes.

The ICA Management Tool Portal

Item Pane Description

1 Menu Shows a list of operation.

2 Operations n Manage certificates

In this pane, you manage the existing certificates.
The window divides into Search attributes configuration and Bulk
operation configuration.
n Create Certificates
In this pane, you can create new certificates.
n Configure the CA
In this pane, you can configure the Internal Certificate Authority
parameters.
You can also view the CA's time, name, and the version and build
number of the Security Management Server.
n Manage CRLs
In this pane, you can download, publish, and recreate CRLs.

3 Results Shows the results of the applied operation.

This window consists of a table with a list of certificates and certificate
attributes.

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 The ICA Management Tool

User Certificate Management

Internally managed User Certificates can be initialized, revoked or have their registrations removed using
the ICA Management Tool. User Certificates of users managed on an LDAP server can only be managed
using the ICA Management Tool.
This table shows User Certificate attributes that can be configured using the ICA Management Tool

Attributes Default Configurable Comments

validity 2 years yes

key size 2048 bits yes Can be set to 4096 bits

DN of User certificates managed by CN=user name, no This DN is appended to

the internal database OU=users the DN of the ICA

DN of User certificates managed on yes Depends on LDAP

an LDAP server branch

KeyUsage 5 yes Digital signature and Key

encipherment

ExtendedKeyUsage 0 (no KeyUsage) yes

Modifying the Key Size for User Certificates

If the user completes the registration from the Remote Access machine, the key size can be configured in
the Advanced Configuration page in SmartConsole.

To configure the key size

1. From the Menu, select Global Properties.
2. Go to Advanced, and in the Advanced Configuration section, click configure.
The Advanced Configuration window opens.
3. Go to the Certificates and PKI properties page.
4. Set the new key size for this property: user_certs_key_size.
5. Click OK.
You can also change the key size using the Database Tool (GuiDBEdit Tool) (see sk13009). Change the
key size as it is listed in users_certs_key_size Global Property. The new value is downloaded
when you update the site.

Performing Multiple Simultaneous Operations

The ICA Management Tool can do multiple operations at the same time. For example:

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 The ICA Management Tool

n Run an LDAP query for the details of all the organization's employees
n Create a file out of this data, and then use this file to:
l Start (initialize) the creation of certificates for all employees
l Send a notification about the new certificates to each of those employees
These operations can be done simultaneously:
n Start (initialize) user certificates
n Revoke user certificates
n Send mail to users
n Remove expired certificates
n Remove certificates for which the registration procedure was not completed

ICA Administrators with Reduced Privileges

The ICA Management Tool supports administrators with limited privileges. These administrators cannot
execute multiple concurrent operations, and their privileges include only these:
n Basic searches
n Initialization of certificates for new users

Operations with Certificates

Management of SIC Certificates
SIC certificates are managed using SmartConsole.

Management of Security Gateway VPN Certificates

VPN certificates are managed in the VPN page of the corresponding network object. These certificates are
issued automatically when the IPSec VPN blade is defined for the Check Point Security Gateway or host.
This definition is specified in the General Properties window of the corresponding network object.
If a VPN certificate is revoked, a new one is issued automatically.

Management of User Certificates in SmartConsole

The user certificates of users that are managed on the internal database are managed in SmartConsole.
For more information, see User Certificates in the R81.20 Remote Access VPN Administration Guide.

Notifying Users about Certificate Initialization

The ICA Management Tool can be configured to send a notification to users about certificate initialization.

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 The ICA Management Tool

To send mail notifications:

1. In the Menu pane, click Configure the CA.
2. In the Management Tool Mail Attributes area, configure:
n The mail server
n The mail "From" address
n An optional "To" address, which can be used if the users' address is not know
The administrator can use this address to get the certificates on the user's behalf and forward
them later.
3. Click Apply.

Retrieving the ICA Certificate Files

See "cpca_client set_ca_services" on page 486.

Searching for a Certificate

There are two search options:
n A basic search that includes only the user name, type, status and the serial number
n An advanced search that includes all the search fields (can only be performed by administrators with
unlimited privileges)

To do a certificate search:
In the Manage Certificates page, enter the search parameters, and click Search.

Basic Search Parameters

n User Name - Username string (by default, this field is empty)
n Type - Drop-down list with these options:
l Any (default)
l SIC
l Gateway
l Internal User or LDAP user
n Status - Drop-down list with these options:
l Any (default)
l Pending
l Valid
l Revoked
l Expired

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 The ICA Management Tool

l Renewed (superseded)
n Serial Number - Serial number of the requested certificate (by default, this field is empty)

Advanced Search Attributes

In addition to the parameters of the basic search, specify these parameters:
n Sub DN - DN substring (by default, this field is empty)
n Valid From - Date, from which the certificate is valid, in the format dd-mmm-yyyy [hh:mm:ss] (for
example 15-Jan-2003) (by default, this field is empty)
n Valid To - Date until which the certificate is valid, in the format dd-mmm-yyyy [hh:mm:ss] (for example
14-Jan-2003 15:39:26) (by default, this field is empty)
n CRL Distribution Point - Drop-down list with these options:
l Any (default)
l No CRL Distribution Point (for certificates issued before the management upgrade - old CRL
mode certificates)
The list also shows all available CRL numbers.

The Search Results

The results of a search show in the Search Results pane. This pane consists of a table with a list of
searched certificate attributes such as:
n (SN) Serial Number - The SN of the certificate
n User Name (CN) - The string between the first equals sign ("=") and the next comma (",")
n DN
n Status - One of these: Pending, Valid, Revoked, Expired, Renewed (superseded)
n The date, from which certificates are valid until the date they expire

Note - The status bar shows search statistics after each search.

Viewing and Saving Certificate Details

You can view or save the certificate details that show in the search results.

To view and save certificate details

Click on the DN link in the Search Results pane.
n If the status is pending, the certificate information together with the registration key shows, and a log
entry is created and shows in SmartConsole > Logs & Monitor > Logs.
n If the certificate was already created, you can save it on a disk or open directly (if the operating
system recognizes the file extension)

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 The ICA Management Tool

Removing and Revoking Certificates and Sending Email

Notifications
1. In the Menu pane, click Manage Certificates.
2. Search for a Certificate with set attributes (see "Searching for a Certificate" on page 413).
The results show in the Search Results pane.
3. Select the certificates, as needed, and click one of these options:
n Revoke Selected - revokes the selected certificates and removes pending certificates from the
CA's database
n Remove Selected - removes the selected certificates from the CA's database and from the CR
Note - You can only remove expired or pending certificates.
n Mail to Selected - sends mail for all selected pending certificate
The mail includes the authorization codes. Messages to users that do not have an email
defined are sent to a default address. For more information, see "Notifying Users about
Certificate Initialization" on page 412.

Submitting a Certificate Request to the CA

There are three ways to submit certificate requests to the CA:
n Initiate - A registration key is created on the CA and used once by a user to create a certificate
n Generate - A certificate file is created and associated with a password which must be entered when
the certificate is accessed
n PKCS#10 - When the CA receives a PKCS#10 request, the certificate is created and delivered to the
requester
To initiate a certificate

1. In the Menu pane, select Create Certificates > Initiate.

2. Enter a User Name or Full DN, or click Advanced and fill in the form:
n Certificate Expiration Date - Select a date or enter the date in the format dd-mmm-yyyy
[hh:mm:ss] (the default value is two years from the date of creation)
n Registration Key Expiration Date - Select a date or enter the date in the format dd-mmm-
yyyy [hh:mm:ss] (the default value is two weeks from the date of creation)
3. Click Go.
A registration key is created and show in the Results pane.
If necessary, click Send mail to user to email the registration key. The number of characters in the
email is limited to 1900.
4. The certificate becomes usable after entering the correct registration key.

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To generate a certificate

1. In the Menu pane, select Create Certificates > Generate.

2. Enter a User Name or Full DN, or click Advanced and fill in the form:
n Certificate Expiration Date - Select a date or enter the date in the format dd-mm-yyyy
[hh:mm:ss] (the default value is two years from the date of creation)
n Registration Key Expiration Date - Select a date or enter the date in the format dd-mm-
yyyy [hh:mm:ss] (the default value is two weeks from the date of creation)
3. Enter a password.
4. Click Go.
5. Save the P12 file, and supply it to the user.

To create a PKCS#10 certificate

1. In the Menu pane, select Create Certificates > PKCS#10.

2. Paste into the space the encrypted base-64 buffer text provided.
You can also click on Browse for a file to insert (IE only) to import the request file.
3. Click Create and save the created certificate.
4. Supply the certificate to the requester.

Initializing Multiple Certificates Simultaneously

You can initialize a batch of certificates at the same time.
To initialize several certificates simultaneously

1. Create a file with the list of DNs to initialize.

Note - There are two ways to create this file - through an LDAP query or a non-
LDAP query.

2. In the Menu pain, go to Create Certificates > Advanced.

3. Browse to the file you created.
n To send registration keys to the users, select Send registration keys via email
n To receive a file that lists the initialized DNs with their registration keys, select Save results
to file
This file can later be used in a script.
4. Click Initiate from file.

Files created through LDAP Queries

The file initiated by the LDAP search has this format:

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n Each line after a blank line or the first line in the file represents one DN to be initialized
n If the line starts with "mail=", the string continues with the mail of the use
If no email is given, the email address will be taken from the ICA's "Management Tool Mail To
Address" attribute.
n If there is a line with the not_after attribute, then the value at the next line is the Certificate
Expiration Date.
The date is given in seconds from now.
n If there is a line with the is otp_validity attribute, then the value at the next line is the
Registration Key Expiration Date.
The date is given in seconds from now.
Here is an example of an LDAP Search output:

not_after
86400
otp_validity
3600
uid=user_1,ou=People,o=intranet,dc=company,dc=com
[email protected]
<blank_line>
...
uid=...

For more information, see "Configuring Administrators and Users on an External LDAP Server" on
page 130.

Files created through a Simple Non-LDAP Query

It is possible to create a simple (non-LDAP) query by configuring the DN + email in a file using this
format:

<email address 1> space <DN 1>

... blank line as a separator ...
<email address 2> space <DN 2>

CRL
CRL Management
By default, the CRL is valid for one week. This value can be configured. New CRLs are issued:
n When approximately 60% of the CRL validity period has passed
n Immediately following the revocation of a certificate
It is possible to recreate a specified CRL using the ICA Management Tool. The utility acts as a recovery
mechanism in the event that the CRL is deleted or corrupted. An administrator can download a DER
encoded version of the CRL using the ICA Management Tool.

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CRL Modes
The ICA can issue multiple CRLs. Multiple CRLs prevent one CRL from becoming larger than 10K. If the
CRL exceeds 10K, IKE negotiations can fail when trying to open VPN tunnels.
Multiple CRLs are created by attributing each certificate issued to a specified CRL. If revoked, the serial
number of the certificate shows in the specified CRL.
The CRL Distribution Point (CRLDP) extension of the certificate contains the URL of the specified CRL. This
ensures that the correct CRL is retrieved when the certificate is validated.

CRL Operations
You can download, update, or recreate CRLs through the ICA management tool.

To do operations with CRLs

1. In the Menu pane, select Manage CRLs.
2. From the drop-down box, select one or more CRLs.
3. Select an action:
n Click Download to download the CRL.
n Publish the SmartConsole session to renew the CRL after changes have been made to the
CRL database.
This operation is done at an interval set by the CRL Duration attribute.
n Click Recreate to recreate the CRL.

CA Procedures
CA Cleanup
To clean up the CA, you must remove the expired certificates. You can remove the expired certificates
manually or automatically.

To manually remove expired certificates:

1. Make sure that the time set on the Security Management Server is correct.
2. In the Menu pane, select Manage CRLs > Clean the CA's Database and CRLs from expired
certificates.

Automatic removal of expired certificates:

n After each restart, all expired certificates are cleaned automatically.
n In addition, an automatic cleaning operation is scheduled to set every 3 weeks, starting from:
l The first time you turn on the device.
l Each restart you do on the device.

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Configuring the CA
To configure the CA
1. In the Menu pane, select Configure the CA.
2. Edit the"CA Data Types and Attributes" below as necessary.
3. In the Operations pane, select an operation:
n Apply - Save and enter the CA configuration settings.
If the values are valid, the configured settings become immediately effective. All non-valid
strings are changed to the default values.
n Cancel - Reset all values to the values in the last saved configuration.
n Restore Default - Revert the CA to its default configuration settings.
Entering the string Default in one of the attributes will also reset it to the default after you click
Configure. Values that are valid will be changed as requested, and others will change to
default values.

CA Data Types and Attributes

The CA data types are:
n Time - displayed in the format: <number> days <number> seconds, for example: CRL
Duration: 7 days 0 seconds

You can enter the values in the format in which they are displayed (<number> days <number>
seconds) or as a number of seconds.
n Integer - a regular integer, for example: SIC Key Size: 2048
n Boolean - the values can be true or false (not case sensitive), for example: Enable renewal:
true
n String - an alphanumeric string, for example: Management Tool DN prefix: cn=tests
These are the CA attributes, in alphabetical order:

Attribute Comment Values Default

Authorization The number of characters of the authorization min-6 6

Code Length codes. max-12

CRL Duration The period of time for which the CRL is valid. min-5 1 week
minutes
max-1 year

Enable For User certificates. This is a Boolean value true or true

Renewal setting which stipulates whether to enable false
renewal or not.

Grace Period The amount of time the old certificate will remain min-0 1 week
Before in Renewed (superseded) state. max-5
Revocation years

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 The ICA Management Tool

Attribute Comment Values Default

Grace Period The amount of time between sequential checks min-10 1 day
Check Period of the Renewed (superseded) list in order to minutes
revoke those whose duration has passed. max-1
week

IKE Certificate The amount of time an IKE certificate will be min-10 1 year
Validity Period valid. minutes
max-3
years

IKE Certificate Certificate purposes for describing the type of means no

Extended Key the extended key usage for IKE certificates. KeyUsage
Usage Refer to RFC 2459.

IKE Certificate Certificate purposes for describing the certificate Digital signature
Key usage operations. Refer to RFC 2459. and Key
encipherment

Management Determines the DN prefix of a DN that will be possible CN=

Tool DN prefix created when entering a user name. values
CN=
UID=

Management Determines the DN suffix of a DN that will be ou=users

Tool DN suffix created when entering a user name.

Management For security reasons the mail sending button true or false
Tool Hide Mail after displaying a single certificate can be false
Button hidden.

Management The SMTP server that will be used in order to -

Tool Mail send registration code mails. It has no default
Server and must be configured in order for the mail
sending option to work.

Management The amount of time a registration code is valid min-10 2 weeks

Tool when initiated using the Management Tool. minutes
Registration max-2
Key Validity months
Period

Management The amount of time that a user certificate is valid min-one 2 years
Tool User when initiated using the Management Tool. week
Certificate max-20
Validity Period years

Management When sending mails this is the email address -

Tool Mail From that will appear in the from field. A report of the
Address mail delivery status will be sent to this address.

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 The ICA Management Tool

Attribute Comment Values Default

Management The email subject field. -

Tool Mail
Subject

Management The text that appears in the body of the Registration Key:
Tool Mail Text message. 3 variables can be used in addition to $REG_KEY
Format the text: $REG_KEY (user's registration key); Expiration:
$EXPIRE (expiration time); $USER (user's DN). $EXPIRE

Management When the send mail option is used, the emails to -

Tool Mail To users that have no email address defined will be
address sent to this address.

Max The maximum capacity of a CRL in the new CRL min-3 400
Certificates Per mode. max-400
Distribution
Point

New CRL Mode A Boolean value describing the CRL mode. 0 for old true
CRL mode
1 for new
mode

Number of The number of certificates that will be displayed min-1 approx 700
certificates per in each page of the search window. max-
search page approx 700

Number of The number of digits of certificate serial min-5 5

Digits for Serial numbers. max-10
Number

Revoke This flag determines whether to revoke an old true or true

renewed certificate after it has been renewed. The reason false
certificates for not revoking this is to prevent the CRL from
growing each time a certificate is renewed.
If the certificate is not revoked the user may have
two valid certificates.

SIC Key Size The key size in bits of keys used in SIC. possible 2048
values:
1024
2048
4096

SIC Certificate Certificate purposes for describing the certificate Digital signature
Key usage operations. Refer to RFC 2459. and Key
encipherment

SIC Certificate The amount of time a SIC certificate will be valid. min-10 5 years
Validity Period minutes
max-20
years

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 The ICA Management Tool

Attribute Comment Values Default

User Certificate Certificate purposes for describing the type of means no

Extended Key the extended key usage for User certificates. KeyUsage
Usage Refer to RFC 2459.

User Certificate The key size in bits of the user's certificates. Possible 2048
Key Size values:
1024
2048
4096

User Certificate Certificate purposes for describing the certificate Digital signature
Key usage operations. Refer to RFC 2459 and Key
encipherment

Certificate Longevity and Statuses

Certificates issued by the ICA have a defined validity period. When period ends, the certificate expires.
SIC certificates, VPN certificates for Security Gateways and User certificates can be created in one step in
SmartConsole. User certificates can also be created in two steps using SmartConsole or the ICA
Management Tool. The two steps are:
n Initialization - during this step a registration code is created for the user. When this is done, the
certificate status is pending
n Registration - when the user completes the registration procedure in the remote client. After entering
the registration code the certificate becomes valid.
The advantages are:
Enhanced security
n The private key is created and stored on the user's machine
n The certificate issued by the ICA is downloaded securely to the client.
Pre-issuance automatic and administrator-initiated certificate removal
If a user does not complete the registration procedure in a given period (two weeks by default), the
registration code is automatically removed. An administrator can remove the registration key before the user
completes the registration procedure. After that, the administrator can revoke the user certificate.
Explicit or Automatic Renewal of User certificates ensuring continuous User connectivity
A user certificate of type PKCS12 can be renewed explicitly by the user. A PKCS12 certificate can also be
set to renew automatically when it is about to expire. This renewal operation ensures that the user can
continuously connect to the organization's network. The administrator can choose when to set the automatic
revoke old user certificates.
One more advantage is:
Automatic renewal of SIC certificates ensuring continuous SIC connectivity

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 The ICA Management Tool

SIC certificates are renewed automatically after 75% of the validity time of the certificate has passed. If, for
example, the SIC certificate is valid for five years. After 3.75 years, a new certificate is created and
downloaded automatically to the SIC entity. This automatic renewal ensures that the SIC connectivity of the
Security Gateway is continuous. The administrator can revoke the old certificate automatically or after a set
period of time. By default, the old certificate is revoked one week after certificate renewal.

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 Gaia API Proxy

Gaia API Proxy

Check Point products support API commands. See the Check Point API Reference.
With the Gaia API Proxy feature on a Management Server, you run the Gaia API commands on managed
Security Gateways and Cluster Members:
1. An administrator connects with an API Client to a Management Server.
2. From the Management Server, an administrator runs the Gaia API commands on managed Security
Gateways and Cluster Members.
The Gaia API Proxy feature on the R81.20 Management Server works with all managed Security Gateways
and Cluster Members that support the Gaia API.

Example diagram

Item Description

1 An API Client

2 A Management Server with the Gaia API Proxy feature

3 A managed Security Gateway

4 A managed ClusterXL

A Management API communication

B Gaia API communication

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 Gaia API Proxy

Important - Scalable Platforms (Maestro and Chassis) do not support this feature
(Known Limitation MBS-10832).

Workflow:
1. Run the Management API "login" command to log in to the Management Server

When you work with an API Client, run the Check Point API "login" command to log in to the
Management Server (see the Check Point Management API Reference).

Important - The administrator that logs in must have the Run One Time Script
permission enabled in the assigned permission profile. See "Assigning
Permission Profiles to Administrators" on page 70.

2. Run the Gaia API commands on managed Security Gateways and Cluster Members

The Management API "login" command returns the Session Unique Identifier (SID) token.
In the same API Client, use this SID token in the "X-chkp-sid" field of the Gaia API commands
you run on managed Security Gateways and Cluster Members.
Gaia API Syntax:

POST https://<IP Address of Management Server>/web_api/gaia-

api/<Gaia API Version>/<Gaia API Command>

See the Check Point Gaia API Reference.

The body of the Gaia API command must identify the managed Security Gateway or Cluster
Member by one of these parameters:
n Object name
n Object primary IP address
n Object UID

3. The Gaia API Proxy logs in to the specified Security Gateway or Cluster Member

The Gaia API Proxy on the Management Server interprets the Gaia API command and logs in to
the specified Security Gateway or Cluster Member.
a. This login returns the SID for the Security Gateway or Cluster Member.
b. The Gaia API Proxy uses this SID to run the Gaia API commands.
c. The Gaia API Proxy saves this SID in its database:
n The SID timeout is 580 seconds on the Management Server.
n The SID timeout is 10 minutes on a Security Gateway or Cluster Member.

4. The Gaia API Proxy forwards the response from the Security Gateway or Cluster Member
to the API client

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 Gaia API Proxy

n To increase performance, the Gaia API Proxy saves the response in the Gaia API Proxy
cache on the Management Server.
n If the Gaia API Proxy gets the same Gaia API request during the cache timeout, it returns
the Gaia API response from its cache and updates the cache.
n An administrator can configure these cache parameters in the
$FWDIR/api/conf/cache.conf file on the Management Server:

Note - After you change the $FWDIR/api/conf/cache.conf file,

you must reload the API server configuration with the "api reconf"
command in the Expert mode.

Accepted
Parameter Description
Values

timeout 0, or greater Specifies the time, after which the next Gaia API
command triggers a cache update for that Gaia API
command:
l 0 - The Gaia API proxy does not use cache

l <integer> - The Gaia API proxy saves the

Gaia API responses in its cache for the specified

number of seconds (default: 60 seconds)

total_ integer Specifies the number of unique Security Gateways and

gateways Cluster Members, from which to save the Gaia API
responses.

maximum_ integer Specifies the number of unique Gaia API commands to

entries save for each Security Gateway and Cluster Member.

Important - The Gaia API Proxy sends Gaia API command over HTTPS. The Access
Control policy for the Security Gateway or ClusterXL must explicitly allow HTTPS traffic
from the Management Server to the Security Gateway or Cluster Members.

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 Gaia API Proxy

Examples
Gaia API command "show-hostname"

In this example, we identify the managed Security Gateway by the object primary IP address.

Request

POST https://<IP Address of Management Server>/gaia-api/show-hostname

Content-Type: application/json
X-chkp-sid: <Session ID>
{
"target" : "192.168.1.1"
}

Response

{
"command-name" : "show-hostname",
"response-message" : {
"name" : "gw-832546"
}
}

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 Gaia API Proxy

Gaia API command "show-interface"

In this example, we identify the managed Security Gateway by the object name.

Request

POST https://<IP Address of Management Server>/gaia-api/v1.4/show-

interfaces
Content-Type: application/json
X-chkp-sid: <Session ID>
{
"target" : "gw-832546",
"name" : "eth0"
}

Response

{
"command-name" : "v1.4/show-interfaces",
"response-message" : {
"ipv6-local-link-address": "Not Configured",
"type": "physical",
"name": "eth0",
"ipv6-mask-length": "Not-Configured",
"ipv6-address": "Not-Configured",
"ipv6-autoconfig": "Not configured",
"ipv4-address": "192.168.1.1",
"enabled": true,
"comments": "",
"ipv4-mask-length": "24"
}
}

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 Gaia API Proxy

Gaia API command "show-diagnostics"

In this example, we identify the managed Security Gateway by the object UID.

Request

POST https://<IP Address of Management Server>/gaia-api/v1.4/show-

diagnostics
Content-Type: application/json
X-chkp-sid: <Session ID>
{
"target" : "52048978-c507-8243-9d84-074d11154616",
"category" : "os",
"topic" : "disk"
}

Response

{
"command-name" : "v1.4/show-diagnostics",
"response-message" : {
"to": 3,
"total": 3,
"from": 1,
"objects": [
{
"total": "34342961152",
"partition": "/",
"used": "5718065152",
"free": "28624896000"
},
{
"total": "304624640",
"partition": "/boot",
"used": "26991616",
"free": "277633024"
},
{
"total": "34342961152",
"partition": "/var/log",
"used": "455684096",
"free": "33887277056"
}
]
}
}

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 Command Line Reference

Command Line Reference

See the R81.20 CLI Reference Guide.
Below is a limited list of applicable commands.

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 Syntax Legend

Syntax Legend
Whenever possible, this guide lists commands, parameters and options in the alphabetical order.
This guide uses this convention in the Command Line Interface (CLI) syntax:

Character Description

TAB Shows the available nested subcommands:

main command
→ nested subcommand 1
→ → nested subsubcommand 1-1
→ → nested subsubcommand 1-2
→ nested subcommand 2
Example:
cpwd_admin
    config
        -a <options>
        -d <options>
        -p
        -r
    del <options>
Meaning, you can run only one of these commands:
n This command:
cpwd_admin config -a <options>
n Or this command:
cpwd_admin config -d <options>
n Or this command:
cpwd_admin config -p
n Or this command:
cpwd_admin config -r
n Or this command:
cpwd_admin del <options>

Curly brackets or braces Enclose a list of available commands or parameters, separated by the
{ } vertical bar |.
User can enter only one of the available commands or parameters.

Angle brackets Enclose a variable.

<> User must explicitly specify a supported value.

Square brackets or Enclose an optional command or parameter, which user can also enter.
brackets
[ ]

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 contract_util

contract_util
Description
Works with the Check Point Service Contracts.
For more information about Service Contract files, see sk33089: What is a Service Contract File?

Syntax

contract_util [-d]
    check <options>
    cpmacro <options>
    download <options>
    mgmt
    print <options>
    summary <options>
    update <options>
    verify

Parameters

Parameter Description

check Checks whether the Security Gateway is eligible for an upgrade.

<options> See "contract_util check" on page 433.

cpmacro Overwrites the current cp.macro file with the specified cp.macro file.
<options> See "contract_util cpmacro" on page 434.

download Downloads all associated Check Point Service Contracts from the User Center, or
<options> from a local file.
See "contract_util download" on page 435.

mgmt Delivers the Service Contract information from the Management Server to the
managed Security Gateways.
See "contract_util mgmt" on page 437.

print Shows all the installed licenses and whether the Service Contract covers these
<options> license, which entitles them for upgrade or not.
See "contract_util print" on page 438.

summary Shows post-installation summary.

<options> See "contract_util summary" on page 439.

update Updates Check Point Service Contracts from your User Center account.
<options> See "contract_util update" on page 440.

verify Checks whether the Security Gateway is eligible for an upgrade.

This command also interprets the return values and shows a meaningful message.
See "contract_util verify" on page 441.

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 contract_util check

contract_util check
Description
Checks whether the Security Gateway is eligible for an upgrade.
For more information about Service Contract files, see sk33089: What is a Service Contract File?

Syntax

contract_util check
{-h | -help}
    hfa
    maj_upgrade
    min_upgrade
    upgrade

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | - Shows the applicable built-in usage.

help}

hfa Checks whether the Security Gateway is eligible for an upgrade to a higher Hotfix
Accumulator.

maj_ Checks whether the Security Gateway is eligible for an upgrade to a higher Major
upgrade version.

min_ Checks whether the Security Gateway is eligible for an upgrade to a higher Minor
upgrade version.

upgrade Checks whether the Security Gateway is eligible for an upgrade.

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 contract_util cpmacro

contract_util cpmacro
Description
Overwrites the current cp.macro file with the specified cp.macro file, if the specified is newer than the
current file.
For more information about the cp.macro file, see sk96217: What is a cp.macro file?

Syntax

contract_util cpmacro /<path_to>/cp.macro

This command shows one of these messages:

Message Description

CntrctUtils_Write_ The contract_util cpmacro command failed:

cp_macro returned -
1
n Failed to create a temporary file.
n Failed to write to a temporary file.
n Failed to replace the current file.

CntrctUtils_Write_ The contract_util cpmacro command was able to overwrite the

cp_macro returned 0 current file with the specified file, because the specified file is newer.

CntrctUtils_Write_ The contract_util cpmacro command did not overwrite the current
cp_macro returned 1 file, because it is newer than the specified file.

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 contract_util download

contract_util download
Description
Downloads all associated Check Point Service Contracts from User Center, or from a local file.
For more information about Service Contract files, see sk33089: What is a Service Contract File?

Syntax

contract_util download
{-h | -help}
      local
{-h | -help}
[{hfa | maj_upgrade | min_upgrade | upgrade}] <Service Contract
File>
      uc
{-h | -help}
[-i] [{hfa | maj_upgrade | min_upgrade | upgrade}] <Username>
<Password> [<Proxy Server> [<Proxy Username>:<Proxy Password>]]

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 contract_util download

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | -help} Shows the applicable built-in usage.

-i Interactive mode - prompts the user for the User Center credentials
and proxy server settings.

local Specifies to download the Service Contract from the local file.
This is equivalent to the "cplic contract put" command (see
"cplic contract" on page 505).

uc Specifies to download the Service Contract from the User Center.

hfa Downloads the information about a Hotfix Accumulator.

maj_upgrade Downloads the information about a Major version.

min_upgrade Downloads the information about a Minor version.

upgrade Downloads the information about an upgrade.

<Username> Your User Center account e-mail address.

<Password> Your User Center account password.

<Proxy Server> [<Proxy Specifies that the connection to the User Center goes through the
Username>:<Proxy proxy server.
Password>]
n <Proxy Server> - IP address of resolvable hostname of
the proxy server
n <Proxy Username> - Username for the proxy server.
n <Proxy Password> - Password for the proxy server.
Note - If you do not specify the proxy server explicitly, the command
uses the proxy server configured in the management database.

<Service Contract File> Path to and the name of the Service Contract file.
First, you must download the Service Contract file from your User
Center account.

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 contract_util mgmt

contract_util mgmt
Description
Delivers the Service Contract information from the Management Server to the managed Security Gateways.
For more information about Service Contract files, see sk33089: What is a Service Contract File?

Syntax

contract_util mgmt

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 contract_util print

contract_util print
Description
Shows all the installed licenses and whether the Service Contract covers these license, which entitles them
for upgrade or not.
This command can show which licenses are not recognized by the Service Contract file.
For more information about Service Contract files, see sk33089: What is a Service Contract File?

Syntax

contract_util [-d] print

{-h | -help}
      hfa
      maj_upgrade
      min_upgrade
      upgrade

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | -help} Shows the applicable built-in usage.

-d Shows a formatted table header and more information.

hfa Shows the information about Hotfix Accumulator.

maj_upgrade Shows the information about Major version.

min_upgrade Shows the information about Minor version.

upgrade Shows the information about an upgrade.

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 contract_util summary

contract_util summary
Description
Shows post-installation summary and whether this Check Point computer is eligible for upgrades.

Syntax

contract_util summary
      hfa
      maj_upgrade
      min_upgrade
      upgrade

Parameters

Parameter Description

hfa Shows the information about Hotfix Accumulator.

maj_upgrade Shows the information about Major version.

min_upgrade Shows the information about Minor version.

upgrade Shows the information about an upgrade.

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 contract_util update

contract_util update
Description
Updates the Check Point Service Contracts from your User Center account.
For more information about Service Contract files, see sk33089: What is a Service Contract File?

Syntax

contract_util update
[-proxy <Proxy Server>:<Proxy Port>]
[-ca_path <Path to ca-bundle.crt File>]

Parameters

Parameter Description

update Updates Check Point Service Contracts (attached to pre-installed

licenses) from your User Center account.

-proxy <Proxy Specifies that the connection to the User Center goes through the proxy
Server>:<Proxy Port> server:
n <Proxy Server> - IP address of resolvable hostname of the
proxy server.
n <Proxy Port> - The applicable port on the proxy server.
Note - If you do not specify the proxy explicitly, the command
uses the proxy configured in the management database.

-ca_path <Path to ca- Specifies the path to the Certificate Authority Bundle file (ca-
bundle.crt File> bundle.crt).

Note - If you do not specify the path explicitly, the command

uses the default path.

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 contract_util verify

contract_util verify
Description
Checks whether the Security Gateway is eligible for an upgrade.
This command is the same as the "contract_util check" on page 433 command, but it also interprets the
return values and shows a meaningful message.
For more information about Service Contract files, see sk33089: What is a Service Contract File?

Syntax

contract_util verify

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      441

 cp_conf

cp_conf
Description
Configures or reconfigures a Check Point product installation.

Note - The available options for each Check Point computer depend on the
configuration and installed products.

Syntax on a Management Server

cp_conf
      -h
      admin <options>
      auto <options>
      ca <options>
      client <options>
      finger <options>
      lic <options>
      snmp <options>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-h Shows the entire built-in usage.

admin Configures Check Point system administrators for the Security Management Server.
<options> See "cp_conf admin" on page 444.

auto Shows and configures the automatic start of Check Point products during boot.
<options> See "cp_conf auto" on page 447.

ca n Configures the Certificate Authority's (CA) Fully Qualified Domain Name

<options> (FQDN).
n Initializes the Internal Certificate Authority (ICA).
See "cp_conf ca" on page 448.

client Configures the GUI clients that can use SmartConsole to connect to the Security
<options> Management Server.
See "cp_conf client" on page 449.

finger Shows the ICA's Fingerprint.

<options> See "cp_conf finger" on page 452.

lic Manages Check Point licenses.

<options> See "cp_conf lic" on page 453.

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 cp_conf

Parameter Description

snmp Do not use these outdated commands.

<options> To configure SNMP, see the R81.20 Gaia Administration Guide - Chapter System
Management - Section SNMP.

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 cp_conf admin

cp_conf admin
Description
Configures Check Point system administrators for the Security Management Server.
Notes:
n Multi-Domain Server does not support this command.
n Only one administrator can be defined in the "cpconfig" on page 497 menu.
To define additional administrators, use SmartConsole.
n This command corresponds to the option Administrator in the "cpconfig" on page 497
menu.

Syntax

cp_conf admin
      -h
      add [<UserName> <Password> {a | w | r}]
      add -gaia [{a | w | r}]
      del <UserName1> <UserName2> ...
      get

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 cp_conf admin

Parameters

Parameter Description

-h Shows the applicable built-in usage.

add [<UserName> <Password> Adds a Check Point system administrator:

{a | w | r}]
n <UserName> - Specifies the administrator's username
n <Password> - Specifies the administrator's password
n a - Assigns all permissions - read settings, write settings,
and manage administrators
n w - Assigns permissions to read and write settings only
(cannot manage administrators)
n r - Assigns permissions to only read settings

add -gaia [{a | w | r}] Adds the Gaia administrator user admin:
n a - Assigns all permissions - read settings, write settings,
and manage administrators
n w - Assigns permissions to read and write settings only
(cannot manage administrators)
n r - Assigns permissions to only read settings

del <UserName1> <UserName2> Deletes the specified system administrators.

...

get Shows the list of the configured system administrators.

get -gaia Shows the management permissions assigned to the Gaia

administrator user admin.

Example 1 - Adding a Check Point system administrator

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf admin add

Administrator name: admin
Administrator admin already exists.
Do you want to change Administrator's Permissions (y/n) [n] ? y

Permissions for all products (Read/[W]rite All, [R]ead Only All, [C]ustomized) c
Permission for SmartUpdate (Read/[W]rite, [R]ead Only, [N]one) w
Permission for Monitoring (Read/[W]rite, [R]ead Only, [N]one) w

Administrator admin was modified successfully and has

Read/Write Permission for SmartUpdate
Read/Write Permission for Monitoring
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf admin get

The following Administrators

are defined for this Security Management Server:

admin (Read/Write Permission for all products; )

[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 cp_conf admin

Example 2 - Adding the Gaia administrator user

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf admin add -gaia

Permissions for all products (Read/[W]rite All, [R]ead Only All, [C]ustomized) c
Permission for SmartUpdate (Read/[W]rite, [R]ead Only, [N]one) w
Permission for Monitoring (Read/[W]rite, [R]ead Only, [N]one) w
Administrator admin was added successfully and has
Read/Write Permission for SmartUpdate
Read/Write Permission for Monitoring
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf admin get -gaia

The following Administrators

are defined for this Security Management Server:

admin (Read/Write Permission for all products; ) - Gaia admin

[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf admin add -gaia a

Administrator admin already exists.

Administrator admin was modified successfully and has

Read/Write Permission for all products with Permission to Manage Administrators
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf admin add -gaia w

Administrator admin already exists.

Administrator admin was modified successfully and has

Read/Write Permission for all products without Permission to Manage Administrators
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf admin add -gaia r

Administrator admin already exists.

Administrator admin was modified successfully and has

Read Only Permission for all products
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 cp_conf auto

cp_conf auto
Description
Shows and controls which of Check Point products start automatically during boot.

Note - This command corresponds to the option Automatic start of Check Point
Products in the "cpconfig" on page 497 menu.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cp_conf auto
      -h
{enable | disable} <Product1> <Product2> ...
      get all

Parameters

Parameter Description

-h Shows the applicable built-in usage.

{enable | disable} <Product1> Controls whether the installed Check Point products start
<Product2> ... automatically during boot.
This command is for Check Point use only.

get all Shows which of these Check Point products start

automatically during boot:
n Check Point Security Gateway
n QoS (former FloodGate-1)
n SmartEvent Suite

Example from a Security Management Server

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf auto get all

Check Point Security Gateway is not installed

QoS is not installed

The SmartEvent Suite will start automatically at boot time.

[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      447

 cp_conf ca

cp_conf ca
Description
n Initializes the Internal Certificate Authority (ICA).
n Configures the Certificate Authority's (CA) Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).

Note - On a Security Management Server, this command corresponds to the option

Certificate Authority in the "cpconfig" on page 497 menu.

Syntax

cp_conf ca
      -h
      fqdn <FQDN Name>
      init

Parameters

Parameter Description

-h Shows the applicable built-in usage.

fqdn <FQDN Configures the Certificate Authority's (CA) Fully Qualified Domain Name
Name> (FQDN).
<FQDN Name> is the text string hostname.domainname

init Initializes the Internal Certificate Authority (ICA).

Example

[Expert@MyMGMT:0]# hostname
MyMGMT
[Expert@MyMGMT:0]#

[Expert@MyMGMT:0]# domainname
checkpoint.com
[Expert@MyMGMT:0]#

[Expert@MyMGMT:0]# cp_conf ca fqdn MyMGMT.checkpoint.com

Trying to contact Certificate Authority. It might take a while...
Certificate was created successfully
MyMGMT.checkpoint.com was successfully set to the Internal CA
[Expert@MyMGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      448

 cp_conf client

cp_conf client
Description
Configures the GUI clients that are allowed to connect with SmartConsoles to the Security Management
Server.
Notes:
n Multi-Domain Server does not support this command.
n This command corresponds to the option GUI Clients in the "cpconfig" on page 497
menu.

Syntax

cp_conf client
      add <GUI Client>
      createlist <GUI Client 1> <GUI Client 2> ...
      del <GUI Client 1> <GUI Client 2> ...
      get

Parameters

Parameter Description

-h Shows the built-in usage.

<GUI Client> <GUI Client> can be one of these:

n One IPv4 address (for example, 192.168.10.20), or
one IPv6 address (for example, 3731:54:65fe:2::a7)
n One hostname (for example, MyComputer)
n "Any" - To denote all IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
without restriction
n A range of IPv4 addresses (for example,
192.168.10.0/255.255.255.0), or
a range of IPv6 addresses (for example,
2001::1/128)
n IPv4 address wildcard (for example, 192.168.10.*)

add <GUI Client> Adds a GUI client.

createlist <GUI Client 1> <GUI Deletes the current allowed GUI clients and creates a new
Client 2> ... list of allowed GUI clients.

del <GUI Client 1> <GUI Client Deletes the specified the GUI clients.
2> ...

get Shows the allowed GUI clients.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      449

 cp_conf client

Examples
Example 1 - Configure one IPv4 address
[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client get
There are no GUI Clients defined for this Security Management Server
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client add 172.20.168.15

172.20.168.15 was successfully added.
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client get

172.20.168.15
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client del 172.20.168.15

172.20.168.15 was deleted successfully
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example 2 - Configure one hostname

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client get
There are no GUI Clients defined for this Security Management Server
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client add MySmartConsoleHost

MySmartConsoleHost was successfully added.
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client get

MySmartConsoleHost
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client del MySmartConsoleHost

MySmartConsoleHost was deleted successfully
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example 3 - Configure "Any"

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client get
There are no GUI Clients defined for this Security Management Server
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client add "Any"

Any was successfully added.
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client get

Any
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client del "Any"

Any was deleted successfully
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      450

 cp_conf client

Example 4 - Configure a range of IPv4 addresses

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client get
There are no GUI Clients defined for this Security Management Server
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client add 172.20.168.0/255.255.255.0

172.20.168.0/255.255.255.0 was successfully added.
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client get

172.20.168.0/255.255.255.0
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client del 172.20.168.0/255.255.255.0

172.20.168.0/255.255.255.0 was deleted successfully
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example 5 - Configure IPv4 address wildcard

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client get
There are no GUI Clients defined for this Security Management Server
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client add 172.20.168.*

172.20.168.* was successfully added.
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client get

172.20.168.*
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client del 172.20.168.*

172.20.168.* was deleted successfully
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example 6 - Delete the current list and create a new list of allowed GUI clients
[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client get
There are no GUI Clients defined for this Security Management Server
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client add 172.20.168.0/255.255.255.0

172.20.168.0/255.255.255.0 was successfully added.
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client get

172.20.168.0/255.255.255.0
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client createlist 192.168.40.0/255.255.255.0 172.30.40.55

New list was created successfully
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client get

192.168.40.0/255.255.255.0
172.30.40.55
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client createlist "Any"

New list was created successfully
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf client get

Any
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      451

 cp_conf finger

cp_conf finger
Description
Shows the Internal Certificate Authority's Fingerprint.
This fingerprint is a text string derived from the ICA certificate on the Security Management Server, Multi-
Domain Server, or Domain Management Server.
This fingerprint verifies the identity of the Security Management Server, Multi-Domain Server, or Domain
Management Server when you connect to it with SmartConsole.

Note - This command corresponds to the option Certificate's Fingerprint in the

"cpconfig" on page 497 menu.

Syntax

cp_conf finger
      -h
      get

Parameters

Parameter Description

-h Shows the applicable built-in usage.

get Shows the ICA's Fingerprint.

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cp_conf finger get

EDNA COCO MOLE ATOM ASH MOT SAGE NINE ILL TINT HI CUBE
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      452

 cp_conf lic

cp_conf lic
Description
Shows, adds and deletes Check Point licenses.

Note - This command corresponds to the option Licenses and contracts in the
"cpconfig" on page 497 menu.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cp_conf lic
      -h
      add -f <Full Path to License File>
      add -m <Host> <Date> <Signature Key> <SKU/Features>
      del <Signature Key>
      get [-x]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-h Shows the applicable built-in usage.

add -f <Full Path to License Adds a license from the specified Check Point license file.
File> You get this license file in the Check Point User Center.
This is the same command as the "cplic db_add" on
page 507.

add -m <Host> <Date> <Signature Adds the license manually.

Key> <SKU/Features> You get these license details in the Check Point User
Center.
This is the same command as the "cplic db_add" on
page 507.

del <Signature Key> Delete the license based on its signature.

This is the same command as the "cplic del" on page 512.

get [-x] Shows the local installed licenses.

If you specify the "-x" parameter, output also shows the
signature key for every installed license.
This is the same command as the "cplic print" on page 515.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      453

 cp_conf lic

Example 1 - Adding the license from the file

[Expert@HostName:0]# cp_conf lic add -f ~/License.lic

License was installed successfully.
[Expert@HostName:0]#

[Expert@HostName:0]# cp_conf lic get

Host Expiration Signature Features
192.168.3.28 25Aug2019 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx CPMP-XXX
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Example 2 - Adding the license manually

[Expert@MyHostName:0]# cp_conf lic add -m MyHostName 25Aug2019 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx CPMP-XXX

License was successfully installed
[Expert@MyHostName:0]#

[Expert@MyHostName:0]# cp_conf lic get

Host Expiration Signature Features
192.168.3.28 25Aug2019 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx CPMP-XXX
[Expert@MyHostName:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      454

 cp_log_export

cp_log_export
Description
Exports Check Point logs over syslog.
For more information, see sk122323 and R81.20 Logging and Monitoring Administration Guide.
Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cp_log_export

cp_log_export <command-name> help

Parameters

Parameter Description

No Parameters Shows the built-in general help.

<command-name> help Shows the built help for the specified internal command.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      455

 cp_log_export

Internal Commands

Name Description

add Configures a new Check Point Log Exporter.

cp_log_export add name <Name> target-server <Target-
Server> target-port <Target-Server-Port> protocol {udp |
tcp} [Optional Arguments]

delete Removes an existing Log Exporter.

cp_log_export delete name <Name>

reexport Resets the current log position and exports all logs again based on the configuration.
cp_log_export reexport name <Name> --apply-now

cp_log_export reexport name <Name> start-position

<Position of Last Exported Log> --apply-now

cp_log_export reexport name <Name> start-position

<Position of Gap Start> end-position <Position of Gap End>
--apply-now

restart Restarts a Log Exporter process.

cp_log_export restart name <Name>

set Updates an existing Log Exporter configuration.

cp_log_export set name <Name> [<Optional Arguments>]

show Shows the current Log Exporter configuration.

cp_log_export show [<Optional Arguments>]

start Starts an existing Log Exporter process.

cp_log_export start name <Name>

status Shows a Log Exporter overview status.

cp_log_export status [<Optional Arguments>]

stop Stops an existing Log Exporter process.

cp_log_export stop name <Name>

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      456

 cp_log_export

Internal Command Arguments

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--apply-now Applies immediately any Optio Optio Mand N/A N/A Mand
change that was done nal nal atory atory
with the "add", "set",
"delete", or
"reexport" command.

ca-cert Specifies the full path to Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A
<Path> the CA certificate file nal nal
*.pem.
Important -
Applicable only
when the value
of the
"encrypted"
argument is
"true".

client-cert Specifies the full path to Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A
<Path> the client certificate nal nal
*.p12.
Important -
Applicable only
when the value
of the
"encrypted"
argument is
"true".

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      457

 cp_log_export

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client-secret Specifies the challenge Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A
<Phrase> phrase used to create the nal nal
client certificate *.p12.
Important -
Applicable only
when the value
of the
"encrypted"
argument is
"true".

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      458

 cp_log_export

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Name Description "delet "reco "stat "reex
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mand

domain-server On a Multi-Domain Mand Mand Mand N/A Optio Mand

{mds | all} Server, specifies the atory atory atory nal atory
applicable Domain
Management Server
context.
On a Multi-Domain Log
Server, specifies the
applicable Domain Log
Server context.
Important:
n "mds" (in
small
letters) -
Exports
audit
logs from
only the
main
MDS
level.
n "all" (in
small
letters) -
Exports
audit
logs from
all
Domains
.

enabled {true Default: true Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A
| false} nal nal

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      459

 cp_log_export

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and mand t", and
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com
mand

encrypted Specifies whether to use Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A
{true | TSL (SSL) encryption to nal nal
false} send the logs.
Default: false

end-position Specifies the end N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Optio
<Position> position, up to which to nal
export the logs.

export- Specifies whether to add Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A
attachment- a field to the exported nal nal
ids {true | logs that represents the
false} ID of log's attachment (if
exists).
Default: false

export- Specifies whether to add Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A
attachment- a field to the exported nal nal
link {true | logs that represents a link
false} to SmartView that shows
the log card and
automatically opens the
attachment.
Default: false

export-link Specifies whether to add Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A
{true | a field to the exported nal nal
false} logs that represents a link
to SmartView that shows
the log card.
Default: false

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      460

 cp_log_export

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mand

export-link- Specifies whether to Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A

ip {true | make the links to nal nal
false} SmartView use a custom
IP address (for example,
for a Log Server behind
NAT).
Important -
Applicable only
when the value
of the
"export-
link"
argument is
"true", or the
value of the
"export-
attachment-
link"
argument is
"true".
Default: false

export-log- Specifies whether to Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A

position export the log's position. nal nal
{true | Default: false
false}

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      461

 cp_log_export

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filter- Specifies whether to Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A

action-in export all logs that nal nal
{"Action1","A contain a specific value in
ction2",... | the "Action" field.
false} Each value must be
surrounded by double
quotes ("").
Multiple values are
supported and must be
separated by a comma
without spaces.
To see all valid values:
1. In SmartConsole,
go to the Logs &
Monitor view and
open the Logs tab.
2. In the top query
field, enter action:
and a letter.
Examples of values:
n Accept
n Block
n Bypass
n Detect
n Drop
n HTTPS Bypass
n HTTPS Inspect
n Prevent
n Reject

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      462

 cp_log_export

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mand

Important -
This parameter
replaces any
other filter
configuration
that was
declared earlier
on this field
directly in the
filtering XML
file. Other field
filters are not
overwritten.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      463

 cp_log_export

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filter-blade- Specifies whether to Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A

in export all logs that nal nal
{"Blade1","Bl contain a specific value in
ade2",... | the "Blade" field (the
false} object name of the
Software Blade that
generated these logs).
Each value must be
surrounded by double
quotes ("").
Multiple values are
supported and must be
separated by a comma
without spaces.
To see all valid values:
1. In SmartConsole,
go to the Logs &
Monitor view and
open the Logs tab.
2. In the top query
field, enter blade:
and a letter.
Examples of values:
n Anti-Bot
n Firewall
n HTTPS Inspection
n Identity
Awareness
n IPS
Valid Software Blade
families:
n Access
n TP
n Endpoint

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      464

 cp_log_export

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for for
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and mand t", and
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n Mobile
Important -
This parameter
replaces any
other filter
configuration
that was
declared earlier
on this field
directly in the
filtering XML
file. Other field
filters are not
overwritten.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      465

 cp_log_export

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for
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for for
Name Description "delet "reco "stat "reex
"add" "set"
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comm comm
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and and
and mand t", and
"sto
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com
mand

filter- Specifies whether to Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A

origin-in export all logs that nal nal
{"Origin1","O contain a specific value in
rigin2",... | the "Origin" field (the
false} object name of the
Security Gateway /
Cluster Member that
generated these logs).
Each origin value must be
surrounded by double
quotes ("").
Multiple values are
supported and must be
separated by a comma
without spaces.
Important -
This parameter
replaces any
other filter
configuration
that was
declared earlier
on this field
directly in the
filtering XML
file. Other field
filters are not
overwritten.

format Specifies the format, in Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A
{generic | which the logs are nal nal
cef | json | exported.
leef | Default: syslog
logrhythm |
rsa | splunk
| syslog}

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      466

 cp_log_export

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for
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Requi Requi
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red red
for for w", for
for for
Name Description "delet "reco "stat "reex
"add" "set"
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and and
and mand t", and
"sto
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com
mand

name "<Name>" Specifies the unique Mand Mand Mand Optio Optio Mand
name of the Log Exporter atory atory atory nal. nal. atory
configuration. By By
Notes: defau defau
lt, lt,
n Allowed appli appli
characters are: es to es to
Latin letters, digits all. all.
("0-9"), minus ("-
"), underscore ("_
"), and period
(".").
n Must start with a
letter.
n The minimum
length is two
characters.
n The "add"
command creates
a new target
directory with the
specified unique
name in the
$EXPORTERDIR/
targets/
directory.

protocol {tcp Specifies the Layer 4 Mand Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A
| udp} Transport protocol to use atory nal
(TCP or UDP).
There is no default value.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      467

 cp_log_export

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for
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for for
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"add" "set"
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and mand t", and
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com
mand

read-mode Specifies the mode, in Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A
{raw | semi- which to read the log files. nal nal
unified}
n raw - Specifies to
export log records
without any
unification.
n semi-unified -
Specifies to export
log records with
step-by-step
unification. That is,
for each log record,
export a record
that unifies this
record with all
previously-
encountered
records with the
same ID.
Default: semi-unified
Default: raw

reconnect- Specifies the interval (in Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A
interval minutes) after which the nal nal
{<Number> | Log Exporter must
default} connect again to the
target server after the
connection is lost.‎
To disable, enter the
value "default".
There is no default value.

start- Specifies the start N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A Optio
position position, from which to nal
<Position> export the logs.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      468

 cp_log_export

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"add" "set"
e" nf" us", port"
comm comm
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target-port Specifies the listening Mand Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A
<Target- port on the target server, atory nal
Server-Port> to which you export the
logs.

target-server Specifies the IP address Mand Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A
<Target- or FQDN of the target atory nal
Server> server, to which you
export the logs.

time-in-milli Specifies whether to Optio Optio N/A N/A N/A N/A

{true | export logs with the time nal nal
false} resolution in milliseconds.
Requires Security
Gateways R81 and
higher.
Default: false

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      469

 cpca_client

cpca_client
Description
Execute operations on the Internal Certificate Authority (ICA).
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cpca_client [-d]
      create_cert <options>
      double_sign <options>
      get_crldp <options>
      get_pubkey <options>
      init_certs <options>
      lscert <options>
      revoke_cert <options>
      revoke_non_exist_cert <options>
      search <options>
      set_ca_services <options>
      set_cert_validity <options>
      set_mgmt_tool <options>
      set_sign_hash <options>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the
output to a file, or use the script command to save the
entire CLI session.

create_cert <options> Issues a SIC certificate for the Security Management Server or
Domain Management Server.
See "cpca_client create_cert" on page 472.

double_sign <options> Creates a second signature for a certificate.

See "cpca_client double_sign" on page 473.

get_crldp <options> Shows how to access a CRL file from a CRL Distribution Point.
See "cpca_client get_crldp" on page 475.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      470

 cpca_client

Parameter Description

get_pubkey <options> Saves the encoding of the public key of the ICA's certificate to a file.
See "cpca_client get_pubkey" on page 476.

init_certs <options> Imports a list of DNs for users and creates a file with registration keys
for each user.
See "cpca_client init_certs" on page 477.

lscert <options> Shows all certificates issued by the ICA.

See "cpca_client lscert" on page 478.

revoke_cert <options> Revokes a certificate issued by the ICA.

See "cpca_client revoke_cert" on page 480.

revoke_non_exist_cert Revokes a non-existent certificate issued by the ICA.

<options> See "cpca_client revoke_non_exist_cert" on page 483.

search <options> Searches for certificates in the ICA.

See "cpca_client search" on page 484.

set_ca_services Controls the Certificate Authority Services Portal.

<options> See "cpca_client set_ca_services" on page 486.

set_cert_validity Configures the default certificate validity period for new certificates.
<options> See "cpca_client set_cert_validity" on page 488.

set_mgmt_tool <options> Controls the ICA Management Tool.

See "cpca_client set_mgmt_tool" on page 489.

set_sign_hash <options> Sets the hash algorithm that the CA uses to sign the file hash.
See "cpca_client set_sign_hash" on page 494.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      471

 cpca_client create_cert

cpca_client create_cert
Description
Issues a SIC certificate for the Security Management Server or Domain Management Server.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cpca_client [-d] create_cert [-p <CA port number>] -n "CN=<Common Name>" -f

<Full Path to PKCS12 file> [-w <Password>] [-k {SIC | USER | IKE | ADMIN_
PKG}] [-c "<Comment for Certificate>"]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to
a file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-p <CA port Specifies the TCP port on the Security Management Server or Domain
number> Management Server, which is used to connect to the Certificate Authority.
The default TCP port number is 18209.

-n "CN=<Common Sets the CN to the specified <Common Name>.

Name>"

-f <Full Path to Specifies the PKCS12 file, which stores the certificate and keys.
PKCS12 file>

-w <Password> Optional. Specifies the certificate password.

-k {SIC | USER | Optional. Specifies the certificate kind.

IKE | ADMIN_PKG}

-c "<Comment for Optional. Specifies the certificate comment (must enclose in double quotes).
Certificate>"

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpca_client create_cert -n "cn=cp_mgmt" -f $CPDIR/conf/sic_cert.p12

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      472

 cpca_client double_sign

cpca_client double_sign
Description
Creates a second signature for a certificate.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cpca_client [-d] double_sign [-p <CA port number>] -i <Certificate File in

PEM format> [-o <Full Path to Output File>]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to
a file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-p <CA port Optional. Specifies the TCP port on the Security Management Server or
number> Domain Management Server, which is used to connect to the Certificate
Authority.
The default TCP port number is 18209.

-i <Certificate Imports the specified certificate (only in PEM format).

File in PEM
format>

-o <Full Path to Optional. Saves the certificate into the specified file.
Output File>

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      473

 cpca_client double_sign

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpca_client double_sign -i certificate.pem

Requesting Double Signature for the following Certificate:

refCount: 1
Subject: [email protected],CN=http://www.example.com/,OU=ValiCert Class 2 Policy Validation
Authority,O=exampleO\, Inc.,L=ExampleL Validation Network

Double Sign of Cert:

======================
(
: (
:dn ("[email protected],CN=http://www.example.com/,OU=exampleOU Class 2 Policy
Validation Authority,O=exampleO\, Inc.,L=exampleL Validation Network")
:doubleSignCert (52016390... ... ...ebb67e96)
:return_code (0)
)
)

[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      474

 cpca_client get_crldp

cpca_client get_crldp
Description
Shows how to access a CRL file from a CRL Distribution Point.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cpca_client [-d] get_crldp [-p <CA port number>]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a file, or
use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-p <CA Optional. Specifies the TCP port on the Security Management Server or Domain
port Management Server, which is used to connect to the Certificate Authority.
number> The default TCP port number is 18209.

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpca_client get_crldp

192.168.3.51
[Expert@MGMT:0]

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      475

 cpca_client get_pubkey

cpca_client get_pubkey
Description
Saves the encoding of the public key of the ICA's certificate to a file.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cpca_client [-d] get_pubkey [-p <CA port number>] <Full Path to Output
File>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-p <CA port Specifies the TCP port on the Security Management Server or Domain
number> Management Server, which is used to connect to the Certificate Authority.
The default TCP port number is 18209.

<Full Path to Saves the encoding of the public key of the ICA's certificate to the specified file.
Output File>

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpca_client get_pubkey /tmp/key.txt[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cat /tmp/key.txt
3082010a... ... ...f98b8910
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      476

 cpca_client init_certs

cpca_client init_certs
Description
Imports a list of Distinguished Names (DN) for users and creates a file with registration keys for each user.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cpca_client [-d] init_certs [-p <CA port number>] -i <Full Path to Input
File> -o <Full Path to Output File>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-p <CA port Optional. Specifies the TCP port on the Security Management Server or Domain
number> Management Server, which is used to connect to the Certificate Authority.
The default TCP port number is 18209.

-i <Full Path Imports the specified file.

to Input File> Make sure to use the full path.
Make sure that there is an empty line between each DN in the specified file.
Example:
...CN=test1,OU=users...
&lt;Empty Line&gt;
...CN=test2,OU=users...

-o <Full Path Saves the registration keys to the specified file.

to Output This command saves the error messages in the <Name of Output
File> File>.failures file in the same directory.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      477

 cpca_client lscert

cpca_client lscert
Description
Shows all certificates issued by the ICA.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cpca_client [-d] lscert [-dn <SubString>] [-stat {Pending | Valid | Revoked

| Expired | Renewed}] [-kind {SIC | IKE | User | LDAP}] [-ser <Certificate
Serial Number>] [-dp <Certificate Distribution Point>]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then
redirect the output to a file, or use the script
command to save the entire CLI session.

-dn <SubString> Optional. Filters the search results to those with a DN that
matches the specified <SubString>.
This command does not support multiple values.

-stat {Pending | Valid | Optional. Filters the search results to those with certificate
Revoked | Expired | Renewed} status that matches the specified status.
This command does not support multiple values.

-kind {SIC | IKE | User | Optional. Filters the search results to those with certificate
LDAP} kind that matches the specified kind.
This command does not support multiple values.

-ser <Certificate Serial Optional. Filters the search results to those with certificate
Number> serial number that matches the specified serial number.
This command does not support multiple values.

-dp <Certificate Optional. Filters the search results to the specified Certificate
Distribution Point> Distribution Point (CDP).
This command does not support multiple values.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      478

 cpca_client lscert

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpca_client lscert -stat Revoked

Operation succeeded. rc=0.
5 certs found.

Subject = CN=VSX2,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x
Status = Revoked Kind = SIC Serial = 5521 DP = 0
Not_Before: Sun Apr 8 14:10:01 2018 Not_After: Sat Apr 8 14:10:01 2023

Subject = CN=VSX1,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x
Status = Revoked Kind = SIC Serial = 9113 DP = 0
Not_Before: Sun Apr 8 14:09:02 2018 Not_After: Sat Apr 8 14:09:02 2023

Subject = CN=VSX1 VPN Certificate,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x

Status = Revoked Kind = IKE Serial = 82434 DP = 2
Not_Before: Mon May 14 19:15:05 2018 Not_After: Sun May 14 19:15:05 2023
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpca_client lscert -kind IKE

Operation succeeded. rc=0.
3 certs found.

Subject = CN=VS1 VPN Certificate,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x

Status = Valid Kind = IKE Serial = 27214 DP = 1
Not_Before: Wed Apr 11 17:26:02 2018 Not_After: Tue Apr 11 17:26:02 2023

Subject = CN=VSX_Cluster VPN Certificate,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x

Status = Valid Kind = IKE Serial = 64655 DP = 1
Not_Before: Mon Apr 9 19:36:31 2018 Not_After: Sun Apr 9 19:36:31 2023

Subject = CN=VSX1 VPN Certificate,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x

Status = Revoked Kind = IKE Serial = 82434 DP = 2
Not_Before: Mon May 14 19:15:05 2018 Not_After: Sun May 14 19:15:05 2023
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      479

 cpca_client revoke_cert

cpca_client revoke_cert
Description
Revokes a certificate issued by the ICA.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cpca_client [-d] revoke_cert [-p <CA port number>] -n "CN=<Common Name>" -s

<Certificate Serial Number>

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      480

 cpca_client revoke_cert

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-p <CA port Optional. Specifies the TCP port on the Security Management Server or Domain
number> Management Server, which is used to connect to the Certificate Authority.
The default TCP port number is 18209.

-n "CN=<Common Specifies the certificate CN.

Name>" To get the CN, run the "cpca_client lscert" on page 478 command and examine
the text that you see between the "Subject =" and the ",O=...".
Example
From this output:
Subject = CN=VS1 VPN Certificate,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x
Status = Valid Kind = IKE Serial = 27214 DP = 1
Not_Before: Wed Apr 11 17:26:02 2018 Not_After: Tue Apr 11 17:26:02 2023

you get this syntax:

-n "CN=VS1 VPN Certificate

Note - You can use the parameter '-n' only, or together with the
parameter "-s".

-s <Certificate Specifies the certificate serial number.

Serial Number> To see the serial number, run the "cpca_client lscert" on page 478 command.

Note - You can use the parameter "-s" only, or together with the
parameter "-n".

Example 1 - Revoking a certificate specified by its CN

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpca_client lscert

Subject = CN=VS1 VPN Certificate,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x
Status = Valid Kind = IKE Serial = 27214 DP = 1
Not_Before: Wed Apr 11 17:26:02 2018 Not_After: Tue Apr 11 17:26:02 2023
[Expert@MGMT:0]#
[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpca_client -d revoke_cert -n "CN=VS1 VPN Certificate"
Certificate was revoked successfully
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      481

 cpca_client revoke_cert

Example 2 - Revoking a certificate specified by its serial number.

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpca_client lscert

Subject = CN=VS1 VPN Certificate,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x
Status = Valid Kind = IKE Serial = 27214 DP = 1
Not_Before: Wed Apr 11 17:26:02 2018 Not_After: Tue Apr 11 17:26:02 2023
[Expert@MGMT:0]#
[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpca_client -d revoke_cert -s 27214
Certificate was revoked successfully
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      482

 cpca_client revoke_non_exist_cert

cpca_client revoke_non_exist_cert
Description
Revokes a non-existent certificate issued by the ICA.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cpca_client [-d] revoke_non_exist_cert -i <Full Path to Input File>

Parameters

Paramete
Description
r

-d Runs the cpca_client command under debug.

-i Specifies the file that contains the list of the certificate to revoke.
<Full You must create this file in the same format as the "cpca_client lscert" on page 478
Path to command prints its output.
Input
File> Example
Subject = CN=cp_mgmt,O=MGMT.5p72vp
Status = Valid Kind = SIC Serial = 30287 DP = 0
Not_Before: Sat Apr 7 19:40:12 2018 Not_After: Fri Apr 7
19:40:12 2023
&lt;Empty Line&gt;
Subject = CN=cp_mgmt,O=MGMT.5p72vp
Status = Valid Kind = SIC Serial = 60870 DP = 0
Not_Before: Sat Apr 7 19:40:13 2018 Not_After: Fri Apr 7
19:40:13 2023

Note - This command saves the error messages in the <Name of Input
File>.failures file.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      483

 cpca_client search

cpca_client search
Description
Searches for certificates in the ICA.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cpca_client [-d] search <String> [-where {dn | comment | serial | device_

type | device_id | device_name}] [-kind {SIC | IKE | User | LDAP}] [-stat
{Pending | Valid | Revoked | Expired | Renewed}] [-max <Maximal Number of
Results>] [-showfp {y | n}]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command
itself.
Best Practice - If you use this
parameter, then redirect the output
to a file, or use the script
command to save the entire CLI
session.

<String> Specifies the text to search in the certificates.

You can enter only one text string that does
not contain spaces.

-where {dn | comment | serial | device_ Optional. Specifies the certificate's field, in
type | device_id | device_name} which to search for the string:
n dn - Certificate DN
n comment - Certificate comment
n serial - Certificate serial number
n device_type - Device type
n device_id - Device ID
n device_name - Device Name
The default is to search in all fields.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      484

 cpca_client search

Parameter Description

-kind {SIC | IKE | User | LDAP} Optional. Specifies the certificate kind to
search.
You can enter multiple values in this format:
-kind <Kind1> <Kind2> <Kind3>
The default is to search for all kinds.

-stat {Pending | Valid | Revoked | Optional. Specifies the certificate status to

Expired | Renewed} search.
You can enter multiple values in this format:
-stat <Status1> <Status2>
<Status3>
The default is to search for all statuses.

-max <Maximal Number of Results> Optional. Specifies the maximal number of

results to show.
n Range: 1 and greater
n Default: 200

-showfp {y | n} Optional. Specifies whether to show the

certificate's fingerprint and thumbprint:
n y - Shows the fingerprint and
thumbprint (this is the default)
n n - Does not show the fingerprint and
thumbprint

Example 1

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpca_client search samplecompany -where comment -kind SIC LDAP -stat Pending Valid Renewed

Example 2

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpca_client search 192.168.3.51 -where dnOperation succeeded. rc=0.

1 certs found.

Subject = CN=192.168.3.51,O=MGMT.5p72vp
Status = Valid Kind = SIC Serial = 73455 DP = 0
Not_Before: Sat Apr 7 19:40:12 2018 Not_After: Fri Apr 7 19:40:12 2023
Fingerprint = XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX
Thumbprint = xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx:xx
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example 3

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpca_client search 192.168.3.51 -where dn -showfp nOperation succeeded. rc=0.

1 certs found.

Subject = CN=192.168.3.51,O=MGMT.5p72vp
Status = Valid Kind = SIC Serial = 73455 DP = 0
Not_Before: Sat Apr 7 19:40:12 2018 Not_After: Fri Apr 7 19:40:12 2023
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      485

 cpca_client set_ca_services

cpca_client set_ca_services
Description
This command enables and disables the Certificate Authority Services Portal on the Management Server on
the TCP port 18268.
From this portal, you can download the applicable Internal Certificate Authority certificates.
For trust purposes, you can install this certificate on the applicable Security Gateways, externally managed
Site to Site VPN peer gateways, Remote Access VPN clients, clients that use Clientless VPN, and so on.

Note - In R81.20, the TCP port 18264 on the Management Server is available only for
the retrieval of the CRL (Certificate Revocation List).

Syntax

cpca_client set_ca_services {on | off}

Parameters

Parameter Description

on Enables the Certificate Authority Services Portal

off Disables the Certificate Authority Services Portal

Procedure for a Security Management Server

Enabling the Certificate Authority Services Portal

1. Connect to the command line on the Security Management Server.

2. Log in to the Expert mode.
3. Enable the Certificate Authority Services Portal:

cpca_client set_ca_services on

4. With a web browser, connect to:

http://<IP Address of Security Management Server>:18268

5. Download the required certificate.

6. Install this certificate on the applicable computers.

Disabling the Certificate Authority Services Portal

1. Connect to the command line on the Security Management Server.

2. Log in to the Expert mode.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      486

 cpca_client set_ca_services

3. Disable the Certificate Authority Services Portal:

cpca_client set_ca_services off

Procedure for a Domain Management Server

Enabling the Certificate Authority Services Portal

1. Connect to the command line on the Multi-Domain Server.

2. Log in to the Expert mode.
3. Go to the context of the Domain Management Server:

mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

4. Enable the Certificate Authority Services Portal:

cpca_client set_ca_services on

5. With a web browser, connect to:

http://<IP Address of Domain Management Server>:18268

6. Download the required certificate.

7. Install this certificate on the applicable computers.

Disabling the Certificate Authority Services Portal

1. Connect to the command line on the Multi-Domain Server.

2. Log in to the Expert mode.
3. Go to the context of the Domain Management Server:

mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

4. Disable the Certificate Authority Services Portal:

cpca_client set_ca_services off

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      487

 cpca_client set_cert_validity

cpca_client set_cert_validity
Description
This command configures the default certificate validity period for new certificates.
Notes:
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n The new certificate validity period applies only to certificate you create after this
change.

Syntax

cpca_client set_cert_validity -k {SIC | IKE | USER} [-y <Number of Years>]

[-d <Number of Days>] [-h <Number of Hours>] [-s <Number of Seconds>]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-k {SIC | IKE | USER} Specifies the certificate type.

-y <Number of Years> Specifies the validity period in years.

-d <Number of Days> Specifies the validity period in days.

-h <Number of Hours> Specifies the validity period in hours.

-s <Number of Seconds> Specifies the validity period in seconds.

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpca_client set_cert_validity -k IKE -y 3

cert validity period was changed successfully.
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      488

 cpca_client set_mgmt_tool

cpca_client set_mgmt_tool
Description
Controls the ICA Management Tool.
This tool is disabled by default.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

See:
n sk39915: Invoking the ICA Management Tool
n sk102837: Best Practices - ICA Management Tool configuration

Syntax

cpca_client [-d] set_mgmt_tool {on | off | add | remove | clean | print} [-

p <CA port number>] [{-a <Administrator DN> | -u <User DN> | -c <Custom
User DN>}]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

on Starts the ICA Management Tool.

off Stops the ICA Management Tool.

add Adds the specified administrator, user, or custom user that is permitted to use the
ICA Management Tool.

remove Removes the specified administrator, user, or custom user that is permitted to
use the ICA Management Tool.

clean Removes all administrators, users, or custom users that are permitted to use the
ICA Management Tool.

print Shows the configured administrators, users, or custom users that are permitted
to use the ICA Management Tool.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      489

 cpca_client set_mgmt_tool

Parameter Description

-p <CA port Optional. Specifies the TCP port on the Security Management Server or Domain
number> Management Server, which is used to connect to the Certificate Authority.
The default TCP port number is 18265.

-a Optional. Specifies the DN of the administrator that is permitted to use the ICA
<Administrator Management Tool.
DN> Must specify the full DN as appears in SmartConsole
Procedure

1. Open Object Explorer > Users

2. Open the Administrator object or a User object properties
3. Click the Certificates pane
4. Select the certificate and click the pencil icon
5. Click View certificate details
6. In the Certificate Info window, click the Details tab
7. Click the Subject field
8. Concatenate all fields

Example:
-a "CN=ICA_Tool_Admin,OU=users,O=MGMT.s6t98x"

-u <User DN> Optional. Specifies the DN of the user that is permitted to use the ICA
Management Tool.
Must specify the full DN as appears in SmartConsole:
Procedure

1. Open Object Explorer > Users

2. Open the Administrator object or a User object properties
3. Click the Certificates pane
4. Select the certificate and click the pencil icon
5. Click View certificate details
6. In the Certificate Info window, click the Details tab
7. Click the Subject field
8. Concatenate all fields

Example:
-u "CN=ICA_Tool_User,OU=users,O=MGMT.s6t98x"

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 cpca_client set_mgmt_tool

Parameter Description

-c <Custom User Optional. Specifies the DN for the custom user that is permitted to use the ICA
DN> Management Tool.
Must specify the full DN as appears in SmartConsole.
Procedure

1. Open Object Explorer > Users

2. Open the Administrator object or a User object properties
3. Click the Certificates pane
4. Select the certificate and click the pencil icon
5. Click View certificate details
6. In the Certificate Info window, click the Details tab
7. Click the Subject field
8. Concatenate all fields

Example:
-c "CN=ICA_Tool_User,OU=users,O=MGMT.s6t98x"

Note - If you run the "cpca_client set_mgmt_tool" command without the

parameter "-a" or "-u", the list of the permitted administrators and users is not changed.
The previously defined permitted administrators and users can start and stop the ICA
Management Tool.

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 cpca_client set_mgmt_tool

To connect to the ICA Management Tool

1. In SmartConsole, configure the required administrator and user objects.
You must create a certificate for these administrators and users.
You use this certificate to configure the permitted users in the ICA Management Tool and in the client
web browsers.
See:
n .
n

2. In the command line on the Management Server, add the required administrators and users that are
permitted to use the ICA Management Tool.

cpca_client set_mgmt_tool add ...

3. In the command line on the Management Server, start the ICA Management Tool.

cpca_client set_mgmt_tool on

4. Check the status of the ICA Management Tool:

cpca_client set_mgmt_tool print

5. Import the administrator's / user's certificate into the Windows Certificate Store:.
a. Right-click the *.p12 file you saved when you created the required administrator / user, and
click Install PFX.
The Certificate Import Wizard opens.
b. In the Store Location section, select the applicable option:
n Current User (this is the default)
n Local Machine
c. Click Next.
d. Enter the same certificate password you used when you created the required administrator /
user certificate.
e. Clear Enable strong private key protection.
f. Select Mark this key as exportable.
g. Click Next.
h. Select Place all certificates in the following store > click Browse > select Personal > click
OK.
i. Click Next.
j. Click Finish.
6. In a web browser, connect to the ICA Management Tool:

https://<IP Address of the Management Server>:18265

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 cpca_client set_mgmt_tool

Important - The fact that the TCP port 18265 is open is not a vulnerability. The
ICA Management Tool Portal is secured and protected by SSL. In addition, only
authorized administrators and users are allowed to access it using a certificate.

7. A dialog box with this message appears:

Client Authentication
Identification
The Web site you want to view requests identification.
Select the certificate to use when connecting.

8. Select the appropriate certificate for authenticating to the ICA Management Tool.
9. Click OK.
10. In the Security Alert dialog box, click Yes.

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 cpca_client set_sign_hash

cpca_client set_sign_hash
Description
Sets the hash algorithm that the CA uses to sign the file hash. Also, see sk103840.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cpca_client [-d] set_sign_hash {sha1 | sha256 | sha384 | sha512}

Important - After this change, you must restart the Check Point services with these commands:
n On Security Management Server, run:
1. cpstop
2. cpstart
n On a Multi-Domain Server, run:
1. mdsstop_customer <Name or IP Address of Domain Management
Server>
2. mdsstart_customer <Name or IP Address of Domain Management
Server>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then
redirect the output to a file, or use the script
command to save the entire CLI session.

{sha1 | sha256 | sha384 | The hash algorithms that the CA uses to sign the file
sha512} hash.
The default algorithm is SHA-256.

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 cpca_client set_sign_hash

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpca_client set_sign_hash sha256

You have selected the signature hash function SHA-256

WARNING: This hash algorithm is not supported in Check Point gateways prior to R71.
WARNING: It is also not supported on older clients and SG80 R71.

Are you sure? (y/n)

y
Internal CA signature hash changed successfully.
Note that the signature on the Internal CA certificate has not changed, but this has no security
implications.
[Expert@MGMT:0]#
[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpstop ; cpstart

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 cpca_create

cpca_create
Description
Creates new Check Point Internal Certificate Authority database.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cpca_create [-d] -dn <CA DN>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then
redirect the output to a file, or use the script
command to save the entire CLI session.

-dn <CA DN> Specifies the Certificate Authority Distinguished Name (DN).

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 cpconfig

cpconfig
Description
This command starts the Check Point Configuration Tool.
This utility configures specific settings for the installed Check Point products.

Syntax

cpconfig

Note - On a Multi-Domain Server, run the "mdsconfig" command.

Menu Options

Note - The options shown depend on the configuration and installed products.

Menu Option Description

Licenses and Manages Check Point licenses and contracts on this server.
contracts

Administrator Configures Check Point system administrators for this server.

GUI Clients Configures the GUI clients that can use SmartConsole to connect to this
server.

SNMP Extension Obsolete. Do not use this option anymore.

To configure SNMP, see the R81.20 Gaia Administration Guide - Chapter
System Management - Section SNMP.

Random Pool Configures the RSA keys, to be used by Gaia Operating System.

Certificate Authority Initializes the Internal Certificate Authority (ICA) and configures the Certificate
Authority's (CA) Fully Qualified Domain Name (FQDN).

Certificate's Shows the ICA's Fingerprint.

Fingerprint This fingerprint is a text string derived from the server's ICA certificate.
This fingerprint verifies the identity of the server when you connect to it with
SmartConsole.

Automatic start of Shows and controls which of the installed Check Point products start
Check Point Products automatically during boot.

Exit Exits from the Check Point Configuration Tool.

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 cpconfig

Example - Menu on a Security Management Server

[Expert@MyMGMT:0]# cpconfig
This program will let you re-configure
your Check Point Security Management Server configuration.

Configuration Options:
----------------------
(1) Licenses and contracts
(2) Administrator
(3) GUI Clients
(4) SNMP Extension
(5) Random Pool
(6) Certificate Authority
(7) Certificate's Fingerprint
(8) Automatic start of Check Point Products

(9) Exit

Enter your choice (1-9) :

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 cpinfo

cpinfo
Description
A utility that collects diagnostics data on your Check Point computer at the time of execution.
It is mandatory to collect these data when you contact Check Point Support about an issue on your Check
Point server.
For more information, see sk92739.

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 cplic

cplic
Description
The cplic command manages Check Point licenses.
You can run this command in Gaia Clish or in the Expert mode.
License Management is divided into three types of commands:

Licensing
Applies To Description
Commands

Local licensing Management Servers, You execute these commands locally on the Check Point
commands Security Gateways computers.
and Cluster Members

Remote Management Servers You execute these commands on the Security

licensing only Management Server or Domain Management Server.
commands These changes affect the managed Security Gateways
and Cluster Members.

License Management Servers You execute these commands on the Security

Repository only Management Server or Domain Management Server.
commands These changes affect the licenses stored in the local
license repository.

Syntax for Local Licensing on a Management Server itself

cplic [-d]
{-h | -help}
      check <options>
      contract <options>
      del <options>
      print <options>
      put <options>

Syntax for Remote Licensing on managed Security Gateways and Cluster Members

cplic [-d]
{-h | -help}
      del <options>
      get <options>
      put <options>
      upgrade <options>

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 cplic

Syntax for License Database Operations on a Management Server

cplic [-d]
{-h | -help}
      db_add <options>
      db_print <options>
      db_rm <options>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

{-h | -help} Shows the applicable built-in usage.

check <options> Confirms that the license includes the feature on the local Security Gateway or
Management Server.
See "cplic check" on page 503.

contract Manages (deletes and installs) the Check Point Service Contract on the local
<options> Check Point computer.
See "cplic contract" on page 505.

db_add Applies only to a Management Server.

<options> Adds licenses to the license repository on the Management Server.
See "cplic db_add" on page 507.

db_print Applies only to a Management Server.

<options> Shows the details of Check Point licenses stored in the license repository on the
Management Server.
See "cplic db_print" on page 509.

db_rm <options> Applies only to a Management Server.

Removes a license from the license repository on the Management Server.
See "cplic db_rm" on page 511.

del <options> Deletes a Check Point license on a host, including unwanted evaluation,
expired, and other licenses.
See "cplic del" on page 512.

del <Object Detaches a Central license from a remote managed Security Gateway or
Name> <options> Cluster Member.
See "cplic del <object name>" on page 513.

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 cplic

Parameter Description

get <options> Applies only to a Management Server.

Retrieves all licenses from managed Security Gateways and Cluster Members
into the license repository on the Management Server.
See "cplic get" on page 514.

print <options> Prints details of the installed Check Point licenses on the local Check Point
computer.
See "cplic print" on page 515.

put <options> Installs and attaches licenses on a Check Point computer.

See "cplic put" on page 517.

put <Object Attaches one or more Central or Local licenses to a remote managed Security
Name> <options> Gateways and Cluster Members.
See "cplic put <object name>" on page 519.

upgrade Applies only to a Management Server.

<options> Upgrades licenses in the license repository with licenses in the specified license
file.
See "cplic upgrade" on page 522.

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 cplic check

cplic check
Description
Confirms that the license includes the feature on the local Security Gateway or Management Server. See
sk66245.

Syntax

cplic check {-h | -help}

cplic [-d] check [-p <Product>] [-v <Version>] [{-c | -count}] [-t <Date>]
[{-r | -routers}] [{-S | -SRusers}] <Feature>

You can run this command:

n On a Management Server / Security Gateway / Cluster Member in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode
n On a Scalable Platform Security Group in Gaia gClish or the Expert mode

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | - Shows the applicable built-in usage.

help}

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a file, or
use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-p Product, for which license information is requested.

<Product> Some examples of products:
n fw1 - FireWall-1 infrastructure on Security Gateway / Cluster Member / Security
Group (all Software Blades), or Management Server (all Software Blades)
n mgmt - Multi-Domain Server infrastructure
n services - Entitlement for various services
n cvpn - Mobile Access
n etm - QoS (FloodGate-1)
n eps - Endpoint Software Blades on Management Server

-v Product version, for which license information is requested.

<Version>

{-c | - Outputs the number of licenses connected to this feature.

count}

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 cplic check

Parameter Description

-t <Date> Checks license status on future date.

Use the format ddmmyyyy.
A feature can be valid on a given date on one license, but invalid on another.

{-r | - Checks how many routers are allowed.

routers} The <Feature> option is not needed.

{-S | - Checks how many SecuRemote users are allowed.

SRusers}

<Feature> Feature, for which license information is requested.

Example from a Management Server

[Expert@MGMT]# cplic print -p
Host Expiration Primitive-Features
W.X.Y.Z 24Mar2016 ::CK-XXXXXXXXXXXX fw1:6.0:swb fw1:6.0:comp fw1:6.0:compunlimited fw1:6.0:cluster-1 fw1:6.0:cpxmgmt_qos_u_sites fw1:6.0:sprounl
fw1:6.0:nxunlimit fw1:6.0:swp evnt:6.0:smrt_evnt fw1:6.0:fwc fw1:6.0:ca fw1:6.0:rtmui fw1:6.0:sstui fw1:6.0:fwlv fw1:6.0:cmd evnt:6.0:alzd5 evnt:6.0:alzc1
evnt:6.0:alzs1 fw1:6.0:sstui fw1:6.0:fwlv fw1:6.0:sme10 etm:6.0:rtm_u fw1:6.0:cep1 fw1:6.0:rt fw1:6.0:cemid fw1:6.0:web_sec_u fw1:6.0:workflow fw1:6.0:ram1
fw1:6.0:routers fw1:6.0:supmgmt fw1:6.0:supunlimit fw1:6.0:prov fw1:6.0:atlas-unlimit fw1:6.0:filter fw1:6.0:ui psmp:6.0:psmsunlimited fw1:6.0:vpe_unlimit
fw1:6.0:cluster-u fw1:6.0:remote1 fw1:6.0:aes fw1:6.0:strong fw1:6.0:rdp fw1:6.0:des fw1:6.0:isakmp fw1:6.0:dbvr_unlimit fw1:6.0:cmpmgmt fw1:6.0:rtmmgmt
fw1:6.0:fgmgmt fw1:6.0:blades fw1:6.0:cpipv6 fw1:6.0:mgmtha fw1:6.0:remote
[Expert@MGMT]#

Example from a Management Server in High Availability

[Expert@MGMT]# cplic check -p fw1 -v 6.0 -c mgmtha
cplic check 'mgmtha': 1 licenses
[Expert@MGMT]#

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 cplic contract

cplic contract
Description
Deletes the Check Point Service Contract on the local Check Point computer.
Installs the Check Point Service Contract on the local Check Point computer.
Note
n For more information about Service Contract files, see sk33089: What is a
Service Contract File?
n If you install a Service Contract on a managed Security Gateway / Cluster
Member / Scalable Platform Security Group, you must update the license
repository on the applicable Management Server - either with the "cplic get" on
page 514 command, or in SmartUpdate.

Syntax

cplic contract -h

cplic [-d] contract

      del
            -h
            <Service Contract ID>
      put
            -h
[{-o | -overwrite}] <Service Contract File>

You can run this command:

n On a Management Server / Security Gateway / Cluster Member in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode
n On a Scalable Platform Security Group in Gaia gClish or the Expert mode

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 cplic contract

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | -help} Shows the applicable built-in usage.

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

del Deletes the Service Contract from the $CPDIR/conf/cp.contract file on

the local Check Point computer.

put Merges the Service Contract to the $CPDIR/conf/cp.contract file on the

local Check Point computer.

<Service ID of the Service Contract.

Contract ID>

{-o | - Specifies to overwrite the current Service Contract.

overwrite}

<Service Path to and the name of the Service Contract file.

Contract File> First, you must download the Service Contract file from your Check Point User
Center account.

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 cplic db_add

cplic db_add
Description
Adds licenses to the license repository on the Management Server.
When you add Local licenses to the license repository, Management Server automatically attaches them to
the managed Security Gateway / Cluster Member with the matching IP address.
When you add Central licenses, you must manually attach them.

Note - You get the license details in the Check Point User Center.

Syntax

cplic db_add {-h | -help}

cplic [-d] db_add -l <License File> [<Host>] [<Expiration Date>]

[<Signature>] [<SKU/Features>]

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | -help} Shows the applicable built-in usage.

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-l <License Name of the file that contains the license.

File>

<Host> Hostname or IP address of the Security Management Server / Domain

Management Server.

<Expiration The license expiration date.

Date>

<Signature> The license signature string.

For example: aa6uwknDc-CE6CRtjhv-zipoVWSnm-z98N7Ck3m
Case sensitive. Hyphens are optional.

<SKU/Features> The SKU of the license summarizes the features included in the license.
For example, CPSUITE-EVAL-3DES-vNG

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 cplic db_add

Example
If the file 192.0.2.11.lic contains one or more licenses, the command "cplic db_add -l
192.0.2.11.lic" produces output similar to:

[Expert@MGMT]# cplic db_add -l 192.0.2.11.lic

Adding license to database ...
Operation Done
[Expert@MGMT]#

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 cplic db_print

cplic db_print
Description
Shows the details of Check Point licenses stored in the license repository on the Management Server.

Syntax

cplic db_print {-h | -help}

cplic [-d] db_print {<Object Name> | -all} [{-n | -noheader}] [-x] [{-t | -
type}] [{-a | -attached}]

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | -help} Shows the applicable built-in usage.

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a file,
or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

<Object Prints only the licenses attached to <Object Name>.

Name> <Object Name> is the name of the Security Gateway / Cluster Member object as
defined in SmartConsole.

-all Prints all the licenses in the license repository.

{-n | - Prints licenses with no header.

noheader}

-x Prints licenses with their signatures.

{-t | -type} Prints licenses with their type: Central or Local.

{-a | - Shows to which object the license is attached.

attached} Useful, if the parameter "-all" is specified.

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 cplic db_print

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cplic db_print -all

Retrieving license information from database ...

The following licenses appear in the database:

===============================================
Host Expiration Features
192.168.3.28 25Aug2019 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx CPMP-XXX CK-XXXXXXXXXXXX
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cplic db_print -all -x -a

Retrieving license information from database ...

The following licenses appear in the database:

===============================================
Host Expiration Features
192.168.3.28 25Aug2019 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx CPMP-XXX CK-XXXXXXXXXXXX MGMT
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 cplic db_rm

cplic db_rm
Description
Removes a license from the license repository on the Management Server.
After you remove the license from the repository, it can no longer use it.

Warning - You can run this command ONLY after you detach the license with the "cplic
del" on page 512 command.

Syntax

cplic db_rm {-h | -help}

cplic [-d] db_rm <Signature>

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | -help} Shows the applicable built-in usage.

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to
a file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

<Signature> The signature string within the license.

To see the license signature string, run the "cplic print" on page 515 command.

Example
[Expert@MGMT:0]# cplic db_rm 2f540abb-d3bcb001-7e54513e-kfyigpwn

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 cplic del

cplic del
Description
Deletes a Check Point license on a host, including unwanted evaluation, expired, and other licenses.
This command can delete a license on both local computer, and on remote managed computers.

Syntax

cplic del {-h | -help}

cplic [-d] del [-F <Output File>] <Signature> <Object Name>

You can run this command:

n On a Management Server / Security Gateway / Cluster Member in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode
n On a Scalable Platform Security Group in Gaia gClish or the Expert mode

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | -help} Shows the applicable built-in usage.

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-F <Output Saves the command output to the specified file.

File>

<Signature> The signature string within the license.

To see the license signature string, run the "cplic print" on page 515 command.

<Object Name> The name of the Security Gateway / Cluster Member object as configured in
SmartConsole.

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 cplic del <object name>

cplic del <object name>

Description
Detaches a Central license from a remote managed Security Gateway or Cluster Member.
When you run this command, it automatically updates the license repository.
The Central license remains in the license repository as an unattached license.

Syntax

cplic del {-h | -help}

cplic [-d] del <Object Name> [-F <Output File>] [-ip <Dynamic IP Address>]
<Signature>

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | -help} Shows the applicable built-in usage.

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the
output to a file, or use the script command to save the entire
CLI session.

<Object Name> The name of the Security Gateway / Cluster Member object as defined in
SmartConsole.

-F <Output File> Saves the command output to the specified file.

-ip <Dynamic IP Deletes the license on the DAIP Security Gateway with the specified IP
Address> address.
Note - If this parameter is used, then object name must be a DAIP Security
Gateway.

<Signature> The signature string within the license.

To see the license signature string, run the "cplic print" on page 515
command.

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 cplic get

cplic get
Description
Retrieves all licenses from managed Security Gateways and Cluster Members into the license repository on
the Management Server.
This command helps synchronize the license repository with the managed Security Gateways and Cluster
Members.
When you run this command, it updates the license repository with all local changes.

Syntax

cplic get {-h | -help}

cplic [-d] get

      -all
      <IP Address>
      <Host Name>

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | - Shows the applicable built-in usage.

help}

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a file, or
use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-all Retrieves licenses from all Security Gateways and Cluster Members in the managed
network.

<IP The IP address of the Security Gateway / Cluster Member, from which licenses are to
Address> be retrieved.

<Host The name of the Security Gateway / Cluster Member object as defined in
Name> SmartConsole, from which licenses are to be retrieved.

Example
If the Security Gateway with the object name MyGW contains four Local licenses, and the license repository
contains two other Local licenses, the command "cplic get MyGW" produces output similar to this:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cplic get MyGW

Get retrieved 4 licenses.
Get removed 2 licenses.
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 cplic print

cplic print
Description
Prints details of the installed Check Point licenses on the local Check Point computer.

Note - On a Security Gateway / Cluster Member / Scalable Platform Security Group, this
command prints all installed licenses (both Local and Central).

Syntax

cplic print {-h | -help}

cplic [-d] print[{-n | -noheader}] [-x] [{-t | -type}] [-F <Output File>]
[{-p | -preatures}] [-D]

You can run this command:

n On a Management Server / Security Gateway / Cluster Member in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode
n On a Scalable Platform Security Group in Gaia gClish or the Expert mode

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | -help} Shows the applicable built-in usage.

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter,
then redirect the output to a file, or use the
script command to save the entire CLI
session.

{-n | -noheader} Prints licenses with no header.

-x Prints licenses with their signature.

{-t | -type] Prints licenses showing their type: Central or Local.

-F <Output File> Saves the command output to the specified file.

{-p | -preatures} Prints licenses resolved to primitive features.

-D On a Multi-Domain Server, prints only Domain licenses.

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 cplic print

Example 1

[Expert@HostName:0]# cplic print

Host Expiration Features
192.168.3.28 25Aug2019 CPMP-XXX CK-XXXXXXXXXXXX
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Example 2

[Expert@HostName:0]# cplic print -x

Host Expiration Signature Features
192.168.3.28 25Aug2019 xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx CPMP-XXX CK-XXXXXXXXXXXX
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      516

 cplic put

cplic put
Description
Installs one or more Local licenses on a Check Point computer.

Note - You get the license details in the Check Point User Center.

Syntax

cplic put {-h | -help}

cplic [-d] put [{-o | -overwrite}] [{-c | -check-only}] [{-s | -select}] [-

F <Output File>] [{-P | -Pre-boot}] [{-k | -kernel-only}] -l <License File>
[<Host>] [<Expiration Date>] [<Signature>] [<SKU/Features>]

You can run this command:

n On a Management Server / Security Gateway / Cluster Member in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode
n On a Scalable Platform Security Group in Gaia gClish or the Expert mode

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | -help} Shows the applicable built-in usage.

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

{-o | - On a Security Gateway / Cluster Member / Scalable Platform Security Group, this
overwrite} command erases only the local licenses, but not central licenses that are installed
remotely.

{-c | -check- Verifies the license. Checks if the IP of the license matches the Check Point
only} computer and if the signature is valid.

{-s | -select} Selects only the local license whose IP address matches the IP address of the
Check Point computer.

-F <Output Saves the command output to the specified file.

File>

{-P | -Pre- Use this option after you have upgraded and before you reboot the Check Point
boot} computer.
Use of this option will prevent certain error messages.

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 cplic put

Parameter Description

{-K | -kernel- Pushes the current valid licenses to the kernel.

only} For use by Check Point Support only.

-l <License Name of the file that contains the license.

File>

<Host> Hostname or IP address of the Security Gateway / Cluster Member / Scalable

Platform Security Group for a local license.
Hostname or IP address of the Security Management Server / Domain
Management Server for a central license.

<Expiration The license expiration date.

Date>

<Signature> The signature string within the license.

Case sensitive. The hyphens are optional.

<SKU/Features> The SKU of the license summarizes the features included in the license.
For example: CPSUITE-EVAL-3DES-vNG

Copy and paste the parameters from the license received from the User Center:

Parameter Description

host The IP address of the external interface (in quad-dot notation).

The last part cannot be 0 or 255.

expiration date The license expiration date. It can be never.

signature The license signature string.

Case sensitive. The hyphens are optional.

SKU/features A string listing the SKU and the Certificate Key of the license.
The SKU of the license summarizes the features included in the license.
For example: CPSB-SWB CPSB-ADNC-M CK0123456789ab

Example

[Expert@HostName:0]# cplic put -l License.lic

Host Expiration SKU
192.168.2.3 14Jan2016 CPSB-SWB CPSB-ADNC-M CK0123456789ab
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      518

 cplic put <object name>

cplic put <object name>

Description
Attaches one or more Central or Local licenses to a remote managed Security Gateways and Cluster
Members.
When you run this command, it automatically updates the license repository.
Note
n You get the license details in the Check Point User
Center.
n You can attach more than one license.

Syntax

cplic put {-h | -help}

cplic [-d] put <Object Name> [-ip<Dynamic IP Address> ] [-F <Output File>]
-l <License File> [<Host>] [<Expiration Date>] [<Signature>]
[<SKU/Feature>]

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 cplic put <object name>

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | -help} Shows the applicable built-in usage.

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to
a file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

<Object Name> The name of the Security Gateway / Cluster Member object, as defined in
SmartConsole.

-ip <Dynamic IP Installs the license on the Security Gateway with the specified IP address.
Address> This parameter is used to install a license on a Security Gateway with
dynamically assigned IP address (DAIP).

Note - If you use this parameter, then the object name must be that
of a DAIP Security Gateway.

-F <Output File> Saves the command output to the specified file.

-l <License Installs the licenses from the <License file>.

File>

<Host> Hostname or IP address of the Security Management Server / Domain

Management Server.

<Expiration The license expiration date.

Date>

<Signature> The license signature string.

Case sensitive. The hyphens are optional.

<SKU/Features> The SKU of the license summarizes the features included in the license.
For example: CPSUITE-EVAL-3DES-vNG

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      520

 cplic put <object name>

Copy and paste the parameters from the license received from the User Center:

Parameter Description

host The IP address of the external interface (in quad-dot notation).

The last part cannot be 0 or 255.

expiration date The license expiration date. It can be never.

signature The license signature string.

Case sensitive. The hyphens are optional.

SKU/features A string listing the SKU and the Certificate Key of the license.
The SKU of the license summarizes the features included in the license.
For example: CPSB-SWB CPSB-ADNC-M CK0123456789ab

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      521

 cplic upgrade

cplic upgrade
Description
Upgrades licenses in the license repository with licenses in the specified license file.

Note - You get this license file in the Check Point User Center.

Syntax

cplic upgrade {-h | -help}

cplic [-d] upgrade -l <Input File>

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | - Shows the applicable built-in usage.

help}

-l <Input Upgrades the licenses in the license repository and Check Point Security Gateways /
File> Cluster Members to match the licenses in the specified file.

Example
This example explains the procedure to upgrade the licenses in the license repository.
There are two Software Blade licenses in the input file:
n One license does not match any license on a remote managed Security Gateway.
n The other license matches an NGX-version license on a managed Security Gateway that has to be
upgraded.
Workflow in this example:
1. Upgrade the Security Management Server to the latest version.
Ensure that there is connectivity between the Security Management Server and the Security
Gateways with the previous product versions.
2. Import all licenses into the license repository.
You can also do this after you upgrade the products on the remote Security Gateways.
3. Run this command:

cplic get -all

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 cplic upgrade

Example:

[Expert@MyMGMT]# cplic get -all

Getting licenses from all modules ...
MyGW:
Retrieved 1 licenses

4. To see all the licenses in the repository, run this command:

cplic db_print -all -a

Example:

[Expert@MyMGMT]# cplic db_print -all -a

Retrieving license information from database ...

The following licenses appear in the database:

==================================================
Host Expiration Features
192.0.2.11 Never CPFW-FIG-25-53 CK49C3A3CC7121 MyGW1
192.0.2.11 26Nov2017 CPSB-SWB CPSB-ADNC-M CK0123456789ab MyGW2

5. In the Check Point User Center, view the licenses for the products that were upgraded from version
NGX to a Software Blades license.
You can also create new upgraded licenses.
6. Download a file containing the upgraded licenses.
Only download licenses for the products that were upgraded from version NGX to Software Blades.
7. If you did not import the version NGX licenses into the repository, import the version NGX licenses
now.
Use this command:

cplic get -all

8. Run the license upgrade command:

cplic upgrade -l <Input File>

n The licenses in the downloaded license file and in the license repository are compared.
n If the certificate keys and features match, the old licenses in the repository and in the remote
Security Gateways are updated with the new licenses.
n A report of the results of the license upgrade is printed.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      523

 cppkg

cppkg
Description
Manages the SmartUpdate software packages repository on the Security Management Server.

Important - Installing software packages with the SmartUpdate is not supported for
Security Gateways running on Gaia OS.

Syntax

cppkg
      add <options>
{del | delete} <options>
      get
      getroot
      print
      setroot <options>
Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the MDS (run
mdsenv).

Parameters

Parameter Description

add <options> Adds a SmartUpdate software package to the repository.

See "cppkg add" on page 525.

{del | delete} Deletes a SmartUpdate software package from the repository.

<options> See "ppkg delete" on page 526.

get Updates the list of the SmartUpdate software packages in the repository.
See "cppkg get" on page 528.

getroot Shows the path to the root directory of the repository (the value of the
environment variable $SUROOT).
See "cppkg getroot" on page 529.

print Prints the list of SmartUpdate software packages in the repository.

See "cppkg print" on page 530.

setroot <options> Configures the path to the root directory of the repository.
See "cppkg setroot" on page 531.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      524

 cppkg add

cppkg add
Description
Adds a SmartUpdate software package to the SmartUpdate software packages repository.
Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the MDS
(run the mdsenv command).
n This command does not overwrite existing packages. To overwrite an existing
package, you must first delete the existing package.
n You get the SmartUpdate software packages from the Check Point Support
Center.

Syntax

cppkg add <Full Path to Package | DVD Drive [Product]>

Parameters

Parameter Description

<Full Path to Specifies the full local path on the computer to the SmartUpdate software
Package> package.

DVD Drive [Product] Specifies the DVD root path.

Example: /mnt/CPR80

Example - Adding R77.20 HFA_75 (R77.20.75) firmware package for 1100 Appliances

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cppkg print

Vendor Product Version OS Minor Version
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cppkg add /var/log/CP1100_6.0_4_0_-.tgz

Adding package to the repository
Getting the package type...
Extracting the package files...
Copying package to the repository...
Package was successfully added to the repository
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cppkg print

Vendor Product Version OS Minor Version
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Check Point CP1100 R77.20 Gaia Embedded R77.20
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      525

 ppkg delete

ppkg delete
Description
Deletes SmartUpdate software packages from the SmartUpdate software packages repository.
Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the MDS
(run the mdsenv command).

Syntax

cppkg del ["<Vendor>" "<Product>" "<Major Version>" "<OS>" "<Minor

Version>"]

cppkg delete ["<Vendor>" "<Product>" "<Major Version>" "<OS>" "<Minor

Version>"]

Parameters

Parameter Description

del | When you do not specify optional parameters, the command runs in the interactive
delete mode. The command shows the menu with applicable options.

"<Vendor>" Specifies the package vendor. Enclose in double quotes.

"< Specifies the product name. Enclose in double quotes.

Product>"

"<Major Specifies the package Major Version. Enclose in double quotes.

Version>"

"<OS>" Specifies the package OS. Enclose in double quotes.

"<Minor Specifies the package Minor Version. Enclose in double quotes.

Version>"

Notes:
n To see the values for the optional parameters, run the "cppkg print" on page 530
command.
n You must specify all optional parameters, or no parameters.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      526

 ppkg delete

Example 1 - Interactive mode

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cppkg delete

Select package:
--------------------
(0) Delete all
(1) CP1100 Gaia Embedded Check Point R77.20 R77.20

(e) Exit

Enter your choice : 1

You chose to delete 'CP1100 Gaia Embedded Check Point R77.20 R77.20', Is this correct? [y/n] : y

Package was successfully removed from the repository

[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example 2 - Manually deleting the specified package

Expert@MGMT:0]# cppkg print

Vendor Product Version OS Minor Version
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Check Point CP1100 R77.20 Gaia Embedded R77.20
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cppkg delete "Check Point" "CP1100" "R77.20" "Gaia Embedded" "R77.20"
Package was successfully removed from the repository
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      527

 cppkg get

cppkg get
Description
Updates the list of the SmartUpdate software packages in the SmartUpdate software packages repository
based on the real content of the repository.
Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the MDS
(run the mdsenv command).

Syntax

cppkg get

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cppkg get

Update successfully completed
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      528

 cppkg getroot

cppkg getroot
Description
Shows the path to the root directory of the SmartUpdate software packages repository (the value of the
environment variable $SUROOT)
Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the MDS
(run the mdsenv command).

Syntax

cppkg getroot

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cppkg getroot

[cppkg 7119 4128339728]@MGMT[29 May 19:16:06] Current repository root is set to : /var/log/cpupgrade/suroot
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      529

 cppkg print

cppkg print
Description
Prints the list of SmartUpdate software packages in the SmartUpdate software packages repository.
Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the MDS
(run the mdsenv command).

Syntax

cppkg print

Example - R77.20 HFA_75 (R77.20.75) firmware package for 1100 Appliances

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cppkg print

Vendor Product Version OS Minor Version
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Check Point CP1100 R77.20 Gaia Embedded R77.20
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      530

 cppkg setroot

cppkg setroot
Description
Configures the path to the root directory of the SmartUpdate software packages repository.
Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the MDS
(run the mdsenv command).
n The default path is: /var/log/cpupgrade/suroot
n When changing repository root directory:
l This command copies the software packages from the old repository to the

new repository. A package in the new location is overwritten by a package

from the old location, if the packages have the same name.
l This command updates the value of the environment variable $SUROOT in

the Check Point Profile shell scripts ($CPDIR/tmp/.CPprofile.sh and

$CPDIR/tmp/.CPprofile.csh).

Syntax

cppkg setroot <Full Path to Repository Root Directory>

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cppkg setroot /var/log/my_directory

Repository root is set to : /var/log/cpupgrade/suroot

Note : When changing repository root directory :

1. Old repository content will be copied into the new repository

2. A package in the new location will be overwritten by a package in the old
location, if the packages have the same name

Change the current repository root ? [y/n] : y

The new repository directory does not exist. Create it ? [y/n] : y

Repository root was set to : /var/log/my_directory

Notice : To complete the setting of your directory, reboot the machine!

[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      531

 cpprod_util

cpprod_util
Description
This utility works with Check Point Registry ($CPDIR/registry/HKLM_registry.data) without
manually opening it:
n Shows which Check Point products and features are enabled on this Check Point computer.
n Enables and disables Check Point products and features on this Check Point computer.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpprod_util CPPROD_GetValue "<Product>" "<Parameter>" {0|1}

cpprod_util CPPROD_SetValue "<Product>" "<Parameter>" {1|4} "<Value>" {0|1}

cpprod_util -dump

Parameters

Parameter Description

CPPROD_ Gets the configuration status of the specified product or feature:

GetValue
n 0 - Disabled
n 1 - Enabled

CPPROD_ Sets the configuration for the specified product or feature.

SetValue
Important - Do not run these commands unless explicitly instructed by
Check Point Support or R&D to do so.

"<Product>" Specifies the product or feature.

"< Specifies the configuration parameter for the specified product or feature.
Parameter>"

"<Value>" Specifies the value of the configuration parameter for the specified product or feature:
n One of these integers: 0, 1, 4
n A string

dump Creates a dump file of the Check Point Registry ($CPDIR/registry/HKLM_

registry.data) in the current working directory.
The name of the output file is RegDump.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      532

 cpprod_util

Notes
n If you run the "cpprod_util" command without parameters, it prints:
l The list of all available products and features (for example, "FwIsFirewallMgmt",
"FwIsLogServer", "FwIsStandAlone")
l The type of the expected argument when you configure a product or feature ("no-
parameter", "string-parameter", or "integer-parameter")
l The type of the returned output ("status-output", or "no-output")
n To redirect the output of the "cpprod_util" command, it is necessary to redirect the stderr to stdout:

cpprod_util <options> > <output file> 2>&1

Example:

cpprod_util > /tmp/output_of_cpprod_util.txt 2>&1

Examples
Example - Showing a list of all installed Check Point Products Packages on a Management
Server
[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpprod_util CPPROD_GetInstalledProducts
CPFC
IDA
MGMT
FW1
SecurePlatform
NGXCMP
EdgeCmp
SFWCMP
SFWR75CMP
SFWR77CMP
FLICMP
R75CMP
R7520CMP
R7540CMP
R76CMP
R77CMP
PROVIDER-1
Reporting Module
SmartLog
CPinfo
VSEC
DIAG
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example - Checking if this Check Point computer is configured as a Management Server

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpprod_util FwIsFirewallMgmt
1
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example - Checking if this Check Point computer is configured as a Standalone

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpprod_util FwIsStandAlone
0
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      533

 cpprod_util

Example - Checking if this Management Server is configured as a Primary in High Availability

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpprod_util FwIsPrimary
1
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example - Checking if this Management Server is configured as Active in High Availability

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpprod_util FwIsActiveManagement
1
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example - Checking if this Management Server is configured as Backup in High Availability

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpprod_util FwIsSMCBackup
1
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example - Checking if this Check Point computer is configured as a dedicated Log Server
[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpprod_util FwIsLogServer
1
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example - Checking if on this Management Server the SmartProvisioning blade is enabled

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpprod_util FwIsAtlasManagement
1
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example - Checking if on this Management Server the SmartEvent Server blade is enabled
[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpprod_util RtIsAnalyzerServer
1
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example - Checking if on this Management Server the SmartEvent Correlation Unit blade is
enabled
[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpprod_util RtIsAnalyzerCorrelationUnit
1
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example - Checking if on this Management Server the Endpoint Policy Management blade is
enabled
[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpprod_util UepmIsInstalled
1
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example - Checking if this Management Server is configured as Endpoint Policy Server

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpprod_util UepmIsPolicyServer
0
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      534

 cprid

cprid
Description
Manages the Check Point Remote Installation Daemon (cprid).
This daemon is used for remote upgrade and installation of Check Point products on the managed Security
Gateways.
Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run these commands in the context of the
MDS (run mdsenv).

Commands

Syntax Description

cpridstart Starts the Check Point Remote Installation Daemon (cprid).

cpridstop Stops the Check Point Remote Installation Daemon (cprid).

run_cprid_restart Stops and then starts the Check Point Remote Installation Daemon (cprid).

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      535

 cprinstall

cprinstall
Description
Performs installation of Check Point product packages and associated operations on remote managed
Security Gateways.

Important - Installing software packages with this command is not supported for
Security Gateways that run on Gaia OS.

Notes:
n This command requires a license for SmartUpdate.
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n On the remote Security Gateways these are required:
l SIC Trust must be established between the Security Management Server

and the Security Gateway.

l The cpd daemon must run.

l The cprid daemon must run.

Syntax

cprinstall
      boot <options>
      cprestart <options>
      cpstart <options>
      cpstop <options>
      delete <options>
      get <options>
      install <options>
      revert <options>
      show <options>
      snapshot <options>
      transfer <options>
      uninstall <options>
      verify <options>

Parameters

Parameter Description

boot Reboots the managed Security Gateway.

<options> See "cprinstall boot" on page 538.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      536

 cprinstall

Parameter Description

cprestart Runs the cprestart command on the managed Security Gateway.

<options> See "cprinstall cprestart" on page 539.

cpstart Runs the cpstart command on the managed Security Gateway.

<options> See "cprinstall cpstart" on page 540.

cpstop Runs the cpstop command on the managed Security Gateway.

<options> See "cprinstall cpstop" on page 541.

delete Deletes a snapshot (backup) file on the managed Security Gateway.

<options> See "cprinstall delete" on page 542.

get n Gets details of the products and the operating system installed on the managed
<options> Security Gateway.
n Updates the management database on the Security Management Server.
See "cprinstall get" on page 543.

install Installs Check Point products on the managed Security Gateway.

<options> See "cprinstall install" on page 544.

revert Restores the managed Security Gateway that runs on SecurePlatform OS from a
<options> snapshot saved on that Security Gateway.
See "cprinstall revert" on page 546.

show Displays all snapshot (backup) files on the managed Security Gateway that runs on
<options> SecurePlatform OS.
See "cprinstall show" on page 547.

snapshot Creates a snapshot on the managed Security Gateway that runs on SecurePlatform
<options> OS and saves it on that Security Gateway.
See "cprinstall snapshot" on page 548.

transfer Transfers a software package from the repository to the managed Security Gateway
<options> without installing the package.
See "cprinstall transfer" on page 549.

uninstall Uninstalls Check Point products on the managed Security Gateway.

<options> See "cprinstall uninstall" on page 550.

verify Confirms these operations were successful:

<options>
n If a specific product can be installed on the managed Security Gateway.
n That the operating system and currently installed products the managed
Security Gateway are appropriate for the software package.
n That there is enough disk space to install the product the managed Security
Gateway.
n That there is a CPRID connection with the managed Security Gateway.
See "cprinstall verify" on page 552.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      537

 cprinstall boot

cprinstall boot
Description
Reboots the managed Security Gateway.
Notes:
n You must run this command from the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cprinstall boot <Object Name>

Parameters

Parameter Description

<Object Name> The name of the Security Gateway object as configured in SmartConsole.

Example
[Expert@MGMT]# cprinstall boot MyGW

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      538

 cprinstall cprestart

cprinstall cprestart
Description
Runs the cprestart command on the managed Security Gateway.
Notes:
n You must run this command from the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n All Check Point products on the managed Security Gateway must be of the same
version.

Syntax

cprinstall cprestart <Object Name>

Parameters

Parameter Description

<Object Name> The name of the Security Gateway object as configured in SmartConsole.

Example
[Expert@MGMT:0]# cprinstall cprestart MyGW

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      539

 cprinstall cpstart

cprinstall cpstart
Description
Runs the cpstart command on the managed Security Gateway.
Notes:
n You must run this command from the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n All Check Point products on the managed Security Gateway must be of the same
version.

Syntax

cprinstall cpstart <Object Name>

Parameters

Parameter Description

<Object Name> The name of the Security Gateway object as configured in SmartConsole.

Example
[Expert@MGMT]# cprinstall cpstart MyGW

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      540

 cprinstall cpstop

cprinstall cpstop
Description
Runs the cpstop command on the managed Security Gateway.
Notes:
n You must run this command from the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n All Check Point products on the managed Security Gateway must be of the same
version.

Syntax

cprinstall cpstop {-proc | -nopolicy} <Object Name>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-proc Kills the Check Point daemons and Security Servers, while it maintains the active
Security Policy running in the Check Point kernel.
Rules with generic Allow, Drop or Reject action based on services, continue to work.

-nopolicy Kills the Check Point daemons and Security Servers and unloads the Security Policy
from the Check Point kernel.

<Object The name of the Security Gateway object as configured in SmartConsole.

Name>

Example
[Expert@MGMT]# cprinstall cpstop -proc MyGW

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 cprinstall delete

cprinstall delete
Description
Deletes a snapshot (backup) file on the managed Security Gateway that runs on SecurePlatform OS.
Notes:
n You must run this command from the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cprinstall delete <Object Name> <Snapshot File>

Parameters

Parameter Description

<Object Name> The name of the Security Gateway object as configured in SmartConsole.

<Snapshot File> Specifies the name of the snapshot (backup) on SecurePlatform OS.

Example
[Expert@MGMT]# cprinstall delete MyGW Snapshot25Apr2017

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 cprinstall get

cprinstall get
Description
n Gets details of the products and the operating system installed on the managed Security Gateway.
n Updates the management database on the Security Management Server.
Notes:
n You must run this command from the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cprinstall get <Object Name>

Parameters

Parameter Description

<Object Name> The name of the Security Gateway object as configured in SmartConsole.

Example:

[Expert@MGMT]# cprinstall get MyGW

Checking cprid connection...
Verified
Operation completed successfully
Updating machine information...
Update successfully completed
'Get Gateway Data' completed successfully
Operating system Major Version Minor Version
------------------------------------------------------------------------
SecurePlatform R75.20 R75.20

Vendor Product Major Version Minor Version

------------------------------------------------------------------------
Check Point VPN-1 Power/UTM R75.20 R75.20
Check Point SecurePlatform R75.20 R75.20
Check Point SmartPortal R75.20 R75.20
[Expert@MGMT]#

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 cprinstall install

cprinstall install
Description
Installs Check Point products on the managed Security Gateway.

Important - Installing software packages with this command is not supported for
Security Gateways that run Gaia OS.

Notes:
n Before transferring the software package, this command runs the "cprinstall
verify" on page 552 command.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n To see the values for the package attributes, run the "cppkg print" on page 530
command.

Syntax

cprinstall install [-boot] [-backup] [-skip_transfer] <Object Name>

"<Vendor>" "<Product>" "<Major Version>" "<Minor Version>"

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 cprinstall install

Parameters

Parameter Description

-boot Reboots the managed Security Gateway after installing the package.
Note - Only reboot after ALL products have the same version. Reboot is canceled
in certain scenarios.

-backup Creates a snapshot on the managed Security Gateway before installing the
package.
Note - Only on Security Gateways that runs on SecurePlatform OS.

-skip_ Skip the transfer of the package.

transfer

<Object Name> The name of the Security Gateway object as configured in SmartConsole.

"<Vendor>" Specifies the package vendor. Enclose in double quotes.

Example:
n checkpoint
n Check Point

"<Product>" Specifies the product name. Enclose in double quotes.

Examples:
n SVNfoundation
n firewall
n floodgate
n CP1100
n VPN-1 Power/UTM
n SmartPortal

"<Major Specifies the package Major Version. Enclose in double quotes.

Version>"

"<Minor Specifies the package Minor Version. Enclose in double quotes.

Version>"

Example

[Expert@MGMT]# cprinstall install -boot MyGW "checkpoint" "firewall" "R75" "R75.20"

Installing firewall R75.20 on MyGW...

Info : Testing Check Point Gateway
Info : Test completed successfully.
Info : Transferring Package to Check Point Gateway
Info : Extracting package on Check Point Gateway
Info : Installing package on Check Point Gateway
Info : Product was successfully applied.
Info : Rebooting the Check Point Gateway
Info : Checking boot status
Info : Reboot completed successfully.
Info : Checking Check Point Gateway
Info : Operation completed successfully.
[Expert@MGMT]#

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 cprinstall revert

cprinstall revert
Description
Restores the managed Security Gateway that runs on SecurePlatform OS from a snapshot saved on that
Security Gateway.
Notes:
n You must run this command from the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cprinstall revert <Object Name> <Snapshot File>

Parameters

Parameter Description

<Object Name> The name of the Security Gateway object as configured in SmartConsole.

<Snapshot Name of the SecurePlatform snapshot file.

File> To see the names of the saved snapshot files, run the "cprinstall show" on page 547
command.

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 cprinstall show

cprinstall show
Description
Displays all snapshot (backup) files on the managed Security Gateway that runs on SecurePlatform OS.
Notes:
n You must run this command from the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cprinstall show <Object Name>

Parameters

Parameter Description

<Object Name> The name of the Security Gateway object as configured in SmartConsole.

Example

[Expert@MGMT]# cprinstall show GW1

SU_backup.tzg
[Expert@MGMT]#

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 cprinstall snapshot

cprinstall snapshot
Description
Creates a snapshot on the managed Security Gateway that runs on SecurePlatform OS and saves it on that
Security Gateway.
Notes:
n You must run this command from the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

cprinstall snapshot <Object Name> <Snapshot File>

Parameters

Parameter Description

<Object Name> The name of the Security Gateway object as configured in SmartConsole.

<Snapshot Name of the SecurePlatform snapshot file.

File> To see the names of the saved snapshot files, run the "cprinstall show" on page 547
command.

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 cprinstall transfer

cprinstall transfer
Description
Transfers a software package from the repository to the managed Security Gateway without installing the
package.
Notes:
n You must run this command from the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n To see the values for the package attributes, run the "cppkg print" on page 530
command.

Syntax

cprinstall transfer <Object Name> "<Vendor>" "<Product>" "<Major Version>"

"<Minor Version>"

Parameters

Parameter Description

<Object Name> The name of the Security Gateway object as configured in SmartConsole.

"<Vendor>" Specifies the package vendor. Enclose in double quotes.

Example:
n checkpoint
n Check Point

"<Product>" Specifies the product name. Enclose in double quotes.

Examples:
n SVNfoundation
n firewall
n floodgate
n CP1100

"<Major Version>" Specifies the package major version. Enclose in double quotes.

"<Minor Version>" Specifies the package minor version. Enclose in double quotes.

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 cprinstall uninstall

cprinstall uninstall
Description
Uninstalls Check Point products on the managed Security Gateway.

Important - Uninstalling software packages with this command is not supported for
Security Gateways running on Gaia OS.

Notes:
n You must run this command from the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n Before uninstalling product packages, this command runs the "cprinstall verify"
on page 552 command.
n After uninstalling a product package, you must run the "cprinstall get" on
page 543 command.
n To see the values for the package attributes, run the "cppkg print" on page 530
command.

Syntax

cprinstall uninstall [-boot] <Object Name> "<Vendor>" "<Product>" "<Major

Version>" "<Minor Version>"

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 cprinstall uninstall

Parameters

Parameter Description

-boot Reboots the managed Security Gateway after uninstalling the package.
Note - Reboot is canceled in certain scenarios.

<Object Name> The name of the Security Gateway object as configured in SmartConsole.

"<Vendor>" Specifies the package vendor. Enclose in double quotes.

Example:
n checkpoint
n Check Point

"<Product>" Specifies the product name. Enclose in double quotes.

Examples:
n SVNfoundation
n firewall
n floodgate
n CP1100

"<Major Version>" Specifies the package major version. Enclose in double quotes.

"<Minor Version>" Specifies the package minor version. Enclose in double quotes.

Example
[Expert@MGMT]# cprinstall uninstall MyGW "checkpoint" "firewall" "R75.20" "R75.20"
Uninstalling firewall R75.20 from MyGW...
Info : Removing package from Check Point Gateway
Info : Product was successfully applied.
Operation Success. Please get network object data to complete the operation.
[Expert@MGMT]#
[Expert@MGMT]# cprinstall get

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 cprinstall verify

cprinstall verify
Description
Confirms these operations were successful:
n If a specific product can be installed on the managed Security Gateway.
n That the operating system and currently installed products the managed Security Gateway are
appropriate for the software package.
n That there is enough disk space to install the product the managed Security Gateway.
n That there is a CPRID connection with the managed Security Gateway.
Notes:
n You must run this command from the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n To see the values for the package attributes, run the "cppkg print" on page 530
command.

Syntax

cprinstall verify <Object Name> "<Vendor>" "<Product>" "<Major Version>"

["<Minor Version>"]

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 cprinstall verify

Parameters

Parameter Description

<Object Name> The name of the Security Gateway object as configured in SmartConsole.

"<Vendor>" Specifies the package vendor. Enclose in double quotes.

Example:
n checkpoint
n Check Point

"<Product>" Specifies the product name. Enclose in double quotes.

Examples:
n SVNfoundation
n firewall
n floodgate
n CP1100
n VPN-1 Power/UTM
n SmartPortal

"<Major Version>" Specifies the package major version. Enclose in double quotes.

"<Minor Version>" Specifies the package minor version. Enclose in double quotes.
This parameter is optional.

Example 1 - Verification succeeds

[Expert@MGMT]# cprinstall verify MyGW "checkpoint" "SVNfoundation" "R75.20"
Verifying installation of SVNfoundation R75.20 on MyGW...
Info : Testing Check Point Gateway.
Info : Test completed successfully.
Info : Installation Verified, The product can be installed.

Example 2 - Verification fails

[Expert@MGMT]# cprinstall verify MyGW "checkpoint" "SVNfoundation" "R75.20"
Verifying installation of SVNfoundation R75.20 on MyGW...
Info : Testing Check Point Gateway
Info : SVN Foundation R75 is already installed on 192.0.2.134
Operation Success. Product cannot be installed, did not pass dependency check.

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 cpstart

cpstart
Description
Manually starts all Check Point processes and applications.
Notes:
n For the cprid daemon, use the "cprid" on page 535
command.
n For manually starting specific Check Point processes, see
sk97638.

Syntax

cpstart

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 cpstat

cpstat
Description
Shows the status and statistics information for Check Point applications.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpstat [-d] [-h <Host>] [-p <Port>] [-s <SICname>] [-f <Flavor>] [-o
<Polling Interval> [-c <Count>] [-e <Period>]] <Application Flag>

Note - You can write the parameters in the syntax in any order.

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a file,
or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

The output shows the SNMP queries and SNMP responses for the applicable
SNMP OIDs.

-h <Host> Optional.
When you run this command on a Management Server, this parameter specifies the
managed Security Gateway / ClusterXL object.
<Host> is an IPv4 address, a resolvable hostname, or a DAIP object name.
The default is localhost.

-p <Port> Optional.
Port number of the Application Monitoring (AMON) server.
The default port is 18192.

-s <SICname> Optional.
Secure Internal Communication (SIC) name of the Application Monitoring (AMON)
server.

-f <Flavor> Optional.
Specifies the type of the information to collect.
If you do not specify a flavor explicitly, the command uses the first flavor in the
<Application Flag>. To see all flavors, run the cpstat command without any
parameters.

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 cpstat

Parameter Description

-o <Polling Optional.
Interval> Specifies the polling interval (in seconds) - how frequently the command collects
and shows the information.
Examples:
n 0 - The command shows the results only once and the stops (this is the
default value).
n 5 - The command shows the results every 5 seconds in the loop.
n 30 - The command shows the results every 30 seconds in the loop.
n N - The command shows the results every N seconds in the loop.
Use this parameter together with the "-c <Count>" parameter and the "-e
<Period>" parameter.
Example:
cpstat os -f perf -o 2

-c <Count> Optional.
Specifies how many times the command runs and shows the results before it stops.
You must use this parameter together with the "-o <Polling Interval>"
parameter.
Examples:
n 0 - The command shows the results repeatedly every <Polling
Interval> (this is the default value).
n 10 - The command shows the results 10 times every <Polling Interval>
and then stops.
n 20 - The command shows the results 20 times every <Polling Interval>
and then stops.
n N - The command shows the results N times every <Polling Interval>
and then stops.
Example:
cpstat os -f perf -o 2 -c 2

-e <Period> Optional.
Specifies the time (in seconds), over which the command calculates the statistics.
You must use this parameter together with the "-o <Polling Interval>"
parameter.
You can use this parameter together with the "-c <Count>" parameter.
Example:
cpstat os -f perf -o 2 -c 2 -e 60

<Application Mandatory.
Flag> See the table below with flavors for the application flags.

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 cpstat

These flavors are available for the application flags

Note - The available flags depend on the enabled Software Blades. Some flags are
supported only by a Security Gateway / ClusterXL, and some flags are supported only
by a Management Server.

Feature or
Flag Flavors
Software Blade

List of enabled blades fw, ips, av, urlf, vpn, cvpn, aspm, dlp,
Software Blades appi, anti_bot, default, content_
awareness, threat-emulation, default

Operating os default, ifconfig, routing, routing6,

System memory, old_memory, cpu, disk, perf,
multi_cpu, multi_disk, raidInfo, sensors,
power_supply, hw_info, all, average_cpu,
average_memory, statistics, updates,
licensing, connectivity, vsx

Firewall fw default, interfaces, policy, perf, hmem,

kmem, inspect, cookies, chains, fragments,
totals, totals64, ufp, http, ftp, telnet,
rlogin, smtp, pop3, sync, log_connection,
all

HTTPS https_inspection default, hsm_status, all

Inspection

Identity identityServer default, authentication, logins, ldap,

Awareness components, adquery, idc, muh

Application appi default, subscription_status, update_

Control status, RAD_status, top_last_hour, top_
last_day, top_last_week, top_last_month

URL Filtering urlf default, subscription_status, update_

status, RAD_status, top_last_hour, top_
last_day, top_last_week, top_last_month

IPS ips default, statistics, all

Anti-Virus ci default

Threat antimalware default, scanned_hosts, scanned_mails,

Prevention subscription_status, update_status, ab_
prm_contracts, av_prm_contracts, ab_prm_
contracts, av_prm_contracts

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 cpstat

Feature or
Flag Flavors
Software Blade

Threat Emulation threat-emulation default, general_statuses, update_status,

scanned_files, malware_detected, scanned_
on_cloud, malware_on_cloud, average_
process_time, emulated_file_size, queue_
size, peak_size, file_type_stat_file_
scanned, file_type_stat_malware_detected,
file_type_stat_cloud_scanned, file_type_
stat_cloud_malware_scanned, file_type_
stat_filter_by_analysis, file_type_stat_
cache_hit_rate, file_type_stat_error_
count, file_type_stat_no_resource_count,
contract, downloads_information_current,
downloading_file_information, queue_table,
history_te_incidents, history_te_comp_
hosts

Threat Extraction scrub default, subscription_status, threat_

extraction_statistics

Mobile Access cvpn cvpnd, sysinfo, products, overall

VSX vsx default, stat, traffic, conns, cpu, all,

memory, cpu_usage_per_core

IPsec VPN vpn default, product, IKE, ipsec, traffic,

compression, accelerator, nic, statistics,
watermarks, all

Data Loss dlp default, dlp, exchange_agents, fingerprint

Prevention

Content ctnt default

Awareness

QoS fg all

High Availability ha default, all

Policy Server for polsrv default, all

Remote Access
VPN clients

Desktop Policy dtps default, all

Server for
Remote Access
VPN clients

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 cpstat

Feature or
Flag Flavors
Software Blade

LTE / GX gx default, contxt_create_info, contxt_

delete_info, contxt_update_info, contxt_
path_mng_info, GXSA_GPDU_info, contxt_
initiate_info, gtpv2_create_info, gtpv2_
delete_info, gtpv2_update_info, gtpv2_
path_mng_info, gtpv2_cmd_info, all

Management mg default, log_server, indexer

Server

Certificate ca default, crl, cert, user, all

Authority

SmartEvent cpsemd default

SmartEvent cpsead default

Correlation Unit

Log Server ls default

CloudGuard vsec default

Controller

SmartReporter svr default

Provisioning PA default
Agent

Thresholds thresholds default, active_thresholds, destinations,

configured with error
the
"threshold_
config"
command

Historical status persistency product, TableConfig, SourceConfig

values

Examples
Example - CPU utilization
[Expert@HostName:0]# cpstat -f cpu os
CPU User Time (%): 1
CPU System Time (%): 0
CPU Idle Time (%): 99
CPU Usage (%): 1
CPU Queue Length: -
CPU Interrupts/Sec: 172
CPUs Number: 8

[Expert@HostName:0]#

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 cpstat

Example - Performance
[Expert@HostName:0]# cpstat os -f perf -o 2 -c 2 -e 60

Total Virtual Memory (Bytes): 12417720320

Active Virtual Memory (Bytes): 3741331456
Total Real Memory (Bytes): 8231063552
Active Real Memory (Bytes): 3741331456
Free Real Memory (Bytes): 4489732096
Memory Swaps/Sec: -
Memory To Disk Transfers/Sec: -
CPU User Time (%): 0
CPU System Time (%): 0
CPU Idle Time (%): 100
CPU Usage (%): 0
CPU Queue Length: -
CPU Interrupts/Sec: 135
CPUs Number: 8
Disk Servicing Read\Write Requests Time: -
Disk Requests Queue: -
Disk Free Space (%): 61
Disk Total Free Space (Bytes): 12659716096
Disk Available Free Space (Bytes): 11606188032
Disk Total Space (Bytes): 20477751296

Total Virtual Memory (Bytes): 12417720320

Active Virtual Memory (Bytes): 3741556736
Total Real Memory (Bytes): 8231063552
Active Real Memory (Bytes): 3741556736
Free Real Memory (Bytes): 4489506816
Memory Swaps/Sec: -
Memory To Disk Transfers/Sec: -
CPU User Time (%): 3
CPU System Time (%): 0
CPU Idle Time (%): 97
CPU Usage (%): 3
CPU Queue Length: -
CPU Interrupts/Sec: 140
CPUs Number: 8
Disk Servicing Read\Write Requests Time: -
Disk Requests Queue: -
Disk Free Space (%): 61
Disk Total Free Space (Bytes): 12659716096
Disk Available Free Space (Bytes): 11606188032
Disk Total Space (Bytes): 20477751296

[Expert@HostName:0]#

Example - List of current connected sessions on a Management Server

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cpstat -f default mg

Product Name: Check Point Security Management Server

Major version: 6
Minor version: 0
Build number: 994000031
Is started: 1
Active status: active
Status: OK

Connected clients
-------------------------------------------------------
|Client type |Administrator|Host |Database lock|
-------------------------------------------------------
|SmartConsole|admin |JOHNDOE-PC |false |
-------------------------------------------------------

[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 cpstop

cpstop
Description
Manually stops all Check Point processes and applications.
Notes:
n For the cprid daemon, use the "cprid" on page 535
command.
n For manually stopping specific Check Point processes, see
sk97638.

Syntax

cpstop

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 cpview

cpview
Overview of CPView
Description
CPView is a text based built-in utility on a Check Point computer.
CPView Utility shows statistical data that contain both general system information (CPU, Memory, Disk
space) and information for different Software Blades (only on a Security Gateway / ClusterXL / Scalable
Platform Security Group).
The CPView continuously updates the data in easy to access views.
On a Security Gateway / ClusterXL / Scalable Platform Security Group, you can use this statistical data to
monitor the performance.
For more information, see sk101878.

Syntax

cpview --help

CPView User Interface

The CPView user interface has three sections:

Section Description

Header This view shows the time the statistics in the third view are collected.
It updates when you refresh the statistics.

Navigation This menu bar is interactive. Move between menus with the arrow keys and mouse.
A menu can have sub-menus and they show under the menu bar.

View This view shows the statistics collected in that view.

These statistics update at the refresh rate.

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 cpview

Using CPView
Use these keys to navigate the CPView:

Key Description

Arrow keys Moves between menus and views. Scrolls in a view.

Home Returns to the Overview view.

Enter Changes to the View Mode.

On a menu with sub-menus, the Enter key moves you to the lowest level sub-menu.

Esc Returns to the Menu Mode.

Q Quits CPView.

Use these keys to change CPView interface options:

Key Description

R Opens a window where you can change the refresh rate.

The default refresh rate is 2 seconds.

W Changes between wide and normal display modes.

In wide mode, CPView fits the screen horizontally.

S Manually sets the number of rows or columns.

M Switches on/off the mouse.

P Pauses and resumes the collection of statistics.

Use these keys to save statistics, show help, and refresh statistics:

Key Description

C Saves the current page to a file. The file name format is:
cpview_<ID of the cpview process>.cap<Number of the capture>

H Shows a tooltip with CPView options.

Space bar Immediately refreshes the statistics.

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 cpwd_admin

cpwd_admin
Description
The Check Point WatchDog (cpwd) is a process that invokes and monitors critical processes such as Check
Point daemons on the local computer, and attempts to restart them if they fail.
Among the processes monitored by Watchdog are fwm, fwd, cpd, DAService, and others.
The list of monitored processes depends on the installed and configured Check Point products and Software
Blades.
The Check Point WatchDog writes monitoring information to the $CPDIR/log/cpwd.elg log file.
The cpwd_admin utility shows the status of the monitored processes, and configures the Check Point
WatchDog.

There are two types of Check Point WatchDog monitoring

Monitoring Description

Passive WatchDog restarts the process only when the process terminates abnormally.
In the output of the cpwd_admin list command, the MON column shows N for
passively monitored processes.

Active WatchDog checks the process status every predefined interval.

WatchDog makes sure the process is alive, as well as properly functioning (not stuck on
deadlocks, frozen, and so on).
In the output of the cpwd_admin list command, the MON column shows Y for actively
monitored processes.
The list of actively monitored processes is predefined by Check Point. Users cannot
change or configure it.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpwd_admin
      config <options>
      del <options>
      detach <options>
      exist
      flist <options>
      getpid <options>
      kill
      list <options>
      monitor_list
      start <options>
      start_monitor
      stop <options>
      stop_monitor

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 cpwd_admin

Parameters

Parameter Description

config Configures the Check Point WatchDog.

<options> See "cpwd_admin config" on page 566.

del Temporarily deletes a monitored process from the WatchDog database of monitored
<options> processes.
See "cpwd_admin del" on page 569.

detach Temporarily detaches a monitored process from the WatchDog monitoring.

<options> See "cpwd_admin detach" on page 570.

exist Checks whether the WatchDog process cpwd is alive.

See "cpwd_admin exist" on page 571.

flist Saves the status of all monitored processes to a $CPDIR/tmp/cpwd_list_

<options> <Epoch Timestamp>.lst file.
See "cpwd_admin flist" on page 572.

getpid Shows the PID of a monitored process.

<options> See "cpwd_admin getpid" on page 573.

kill Terminates the WatchDog process cpwd.

<options> See "cpwd_admin kill" on page 574.

Important - Do not run this command unless explicitly instructed by Check

Point Support or R&D to do so.

list Prints the status of all monitored processes on the screen.

See "cpwd_admin list" on page 575.

monitor_list Prints the status of actively monitored processes on the screen.

See "cpwd_admin monitor_list" on page 577.

start Starts a process as monitored by the WatchDog.

<options> See "cpwd_admin start" on page 578.

start_ Starts the active WatchDog monitoring - WatchDog monitors the predefined
monitor processes actively.
See "cpwd_admin start_monitor" on page 580.

stop Stops a monitored process.

<options> See "cpwd_admin stop" on page 581.

stop_monitor Stops the active WatchDog monitoring - WatchDog monitors all processes only
passively.
See "cpwd_admin stop_monitor" on page 583.

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 cpwd_admin config

cpwd_admin config
Description
Configures the Check Point WatchDog.

Important - After changing the WatchDog configuration parameters, you must restart
the WatchDog process with the "cpstop" and "cpstart" commands (which restart all
Check Point processes).

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpwd_admin config
      -h
      -a <options>
      -d <options
      -p
      -r

Parameters

Parameter Description

-h Shows built-in usage.

-a <Configuration_Parameter_1>=<Value_1> Adds the WatchDog configuration

<Configuration_Parameter_2>=<Value_2> ... parameters.
<Configuration_Parameter_N>=<Value_N> Note - Spaces are not allowed
between the name of the
configuration parameter, the
equal sign, and the value.

-d <Configuration_Parameter_1> Deletes the WatchDog configuration

<Configuration_Parameter_2> ... parameters that user added with the
<Configuration_Parameter_N> "cpwd_admin config -a" command.

-p Shows the WatchDog configuration

parameters that user added with the
"cpwd_admin config -a" command.

-r Restores the default WatchDog

configuration.

These are the available configuration parameters and the accepted values:

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 cpwd_admin config

Configuration
Accepted Values Description
Parameter

no_limit n Range: -1, If rerun_mode=1, specifies the maximal number of times the
0, >0 WatchDog tries to restart a process.
n Default: 5 n -1 - Always tries to restart
n 0 - Never tries to restart
n >0 - Tries this number of times

num_of_procs n Range: 30 Configures the maximal number of processes managed by the

- 2000 WatchDog.
n Default:
2000

rerun_mode n 0 Configures whether the WatchDog restarts processes after they

n 1 (default) fail:
n 0 - Does not restart a failed process. Monitor and log
only.
n 1 - Restarts a failed process (this is the default).

reset_ n Range: > 0 Configures the time (in seconds) the WatchDog waits after the
startups n Default: process starts and before the WatchDog resets the process's
3600 startup_counter to 0.
To see the process's startup counter, in the output of the cpwd_
admin list command, refer to the #START column.

sleep_mode n 0 Configures how the WatchDog restarts the process:

n 1 (default) n 0 - Ignores timeout and restarts the process immediately
n 1 - Waits for the duration of sleep_timeout

sleep_ n Range: 0 - If rerun_mode=1, specifies how much time (in seconds)

timeout 3600 passes from a process failure until WatchDog tries to restart it.
n Default: 60

stop_timeout n Range: > 0 Configures the time (in seconds) the WatchDog waits for a
n Default: 60 process stop command to complete.

zero_timeout n Range: > 0 After failing no_limit times to restart a process, the
n Default: WatchDog waits zero_timeout seconds before it tries again.
7200 The value of the zero_timeout must be greater than the
value of the timeout.

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 cpwd_admin config

The WatchDog saves the user defined configuration parameters in the $CPDIR/registry/HKLM_
registry.data file in the ": (Wd_Config" section:

("CheckPoint Repository Set"

: (SOFTWARE
: (CheckPoint
: (CPshared
:CurrentVersion (6.0)
: (6.0
... ...
: (reserved
... ...
: (Wd
: (Wd_Config
:Configuration_Parameter_1 ("[4]Value_1")
:Configuration_Parameter_2 ("[4]Value_2")
)
)
... ...

Example

[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin config -p

cpWatchDog doesn't have configuration parameters
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin config -a sleep_timeout=120 no_limit=12
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin config -p
cpWatchDog Configuration parameters are:
sleep_timeout : 120
no_limit : 12
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# cpstop ; cpstart
[Expert@HostName:0]#

[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin config -r

cpWatchDog doesn't have configuration parameters
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# cpstop ; cpstart
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin config -p
cpWatchDog doesn't have configuration parameters
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      568

 cpwd_admin del

cpwd_admin del
Description
Temporarily deletes a monitored process from the WatchDog database of monitored processes.
Notes:
n WatchDog stops monitoring the detached process, but the process stays alive.
n The "cpwd_admin list" on page 575 command does not show the deleted process
anymore.
n This change applies until all Check Point services restart during boot, or with the
"cpstart" on page 554 command.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpwd_admin del -name <Application Name>

Parameters

Parameter Description

<Application Name of the monitored Check Point process as you see in the output of the "cpwd_
Name> admin list" on page 575 command in the leftmost column APP.
Examples:
n FWM
n FWD
n CPD
n CPM

Example

[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin del -name FWD

cpwd_admin:
successful Del operation
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      569

 cpwd_admin detach

cpwd_admin detach
Description
Temporarily detaches a monitored process from the WatchDog monitoring.
Notes:
n WatchDog stops monitoring the detached process, but the process stays alive.
n The "cpwd_admin list" on page 575 command does not show the detached
process anymore.
n This change applies until all Check Point services restart during boot, or with the
"cpstart" on page 554 command.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpwd_admin detach -name <Application Name>

Parameters

Parameter Description

<Application Name of the monitored Check Point process as you see in the output of the "cpwd_
Name> admin list" on page 575 command in the leftmost column APP.
Examples:
n FWM
n FWD
n CPD
n CPM

Example

[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin detach -name FWD

cpwd_admin:
successful Detach operation
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      570

 cpwd_admin exist

cpwd_admin exist
Description
Checks whether the WatchDog process cpwd is alive.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpwd_admin exist

Example

[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin exist

cpwd_admin: cpWatchDog is running
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      571

 cpwd_admin flist

cpwd_admin flist
Description
Saves the status of all WatchDog monitored processes to a file.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpwd_admin flist [-full]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-full Shows the verbose output.

Output

Column Description

APP Shows the WatchDog name of the monitored process.

PID Shows the PID of the monitored process.

STAT Shows the status of the monitored process:

n E - executing
n T - terminated

#START Shows how many times the WatchDog started the monitored process.

START_TIME Shows the time when the WatchDog started the monitored process for the last time.

SLP/LIMIT In verbose output, shows the values of the sleep_timeout and no_limit
configuration parameters (see "cpwd_admin config" on page 566).

MON Shows how the WatchDog monitors this process (see the explanation for the "cpwd_
admin" on page 564):
n Y - Active monitoring
n N - Passive monitoring

COMMAND Shows the command the WatchDog run to start this process.

Example

[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin flist

/opt/CPshrd-R81.20/tmp/cpwd_list_1564617600.lst
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      572

 cpwd_admin getpid

cpwd_admin getpid
Description
Shows the PID of a WatchDog monitored process.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpwd_admin getpid -name <Application Name>

Parameters

Parameter Description

<Application Name of the monitored Check Point process as you see in the output of the "cpwd_
Name> admin list" on page 575 command in the leftmost column APP.
Examples:
n FWM
n FWD
n CPD
n CPM

Example

[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin getpid -name FWD

5640
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      573

 cpwd_admin kill

cpwd_admin kill
Description
Terminates the WatchDog process cpwd.
Important - Do not run this command unless explicitly instructed by Check Point
Support or R&D to do so.
To restart the WatchDog process, you must restart all Check Point services with the
"cpstop" on page 561 and "cpstart" on page 554 commands.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpwd_admin kill

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      574

 cpwd_admin list

cpwd_admin list
Description
Prints the status of all WatchDog monitored processes on the screen.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpwd_admin list [-full]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-full Shows the verbose output.

Output

Column Description

APP Shows the WatchDog name of the monitored process.

PID Shows the PID of the monitored process.

STAT Shows the status of the monitored process:

n E - executing
n T - terminated

#START Shows how many times the WatchDog started the monitored process.

START_TIME Shows the time when the WatchDog started the monitored process for the last time.

SLP/LIMIT In verbose output, shows the values of the sleep_timeout and no_limit
configuration parameters (see "cpwd_admin config" on page 566).

MON Shows how the WatchDog monitors this process (see the explanation for the "cpwd_
admin" on page 564):
n Y - Active monitoring
n N - Passive monitoring

COMMAND Shows the command the WatchDog run to start this process.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      575

 cpwd_admin list

Examples
Example - Default output on a Management Server
[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin list
APP PID STAT #START START_TIME MON COMMAND
CPVIEWD 19738 E 1 [17:50:44] 31/5/2019 N cpviewd
HISTORYD 0 T 0 [17:54:44] 31/5/2019 N cpview_historyd
CPD 19730 E 1 [17:54:45] 31/5/2019 Y cpd
SOLR 19935 E 1 [17:50:55] 31/5/2019 N java_solr /opt/CPrt-R81.20/conf/jetty.xml
RFL 19951 E 1 [17:50:55] 31/5/2019 N LogCore
SMARTVIEW 19979 E 1 [17:50:55] 31/5/2019 N SmartView
INDEXER 20032 E 1 [17:50:55] 31/5/2019 N /opt/CPrt-R81.20/log_indexer/log_indexer
SMARTLOG_SERVER 20100 E 1 [17:50:55] 31/5/2019 N /opt/CPSmartLog-R81.20/smartlog_server
CP3DLOGD 20237 E 1 [17:50:55] 31/5/2019 N cp3dlogd
EPM 20251 E 1 [17:50:56] 31/5/2019 N startEngine
DASERVICE 20404 E 1 [17:50:59] 31/5/2019 N DAService_script
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Example - Verbose output on a Management Server

[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin list -full
APP PID STAT #START START_TIME SLP/LIMIT MON
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CPVIEWD 19738 E 1 [17:50:44] 31/5/2019 60/5 N
PATH = /opt/CPshrd-R81.20/bin/cpviewd
COMMAND = cpviewd
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
HISTORYD 0 T 0 [17:54:44] 31/5/2019 60/5 N
PATH = /opt/CPshrd-R81.20/bin/cpview_historyd
COMMAND = cpview_historyd
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CPD 19730 E 1 [17:54:45] 31/5/2019 60/5 Y
PATH = /opt/CPshrd-R81.20/bin/cpd
COMMAND = cpd
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SOLR 19935 E 1 [17:50:55] 31/5/2019 60/5 N
PATH = /opt/CPrt-R81.20/bin/java_solr
COMMAND = java_solr /opt/CPrt-R81.20/conf/jetty.xml
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
RFL 19951 E 1 [17:50:55] 31/5/2019 60/5 N
PATH = /opt/CPrt-R81.20/bin/LogCore
COMMAND = LogCore
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SMARTVIEW 19979 E 1 [17:50:55] 31/5/2019 60/5 N
PATH = /opt/CPrt-R81.20/bin/SmartView
COMMAND = SmartView
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
INDEXER 20032 E 1 [17:50:55] 31/5/2019 60/5 N
PATH = /opt/CPrt-R81.20/log_indexer/log_indexer
COMMAND = /opt/CPrt-R81.20/log_indexer/log_indexer
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SMARTLOG_SERVER 20100 E 1 [17:50:55] 31/5/2019 60/5 N
PATH = /opt/CPSmartLog-R81.20/smartlog_server
COMMAND = /opt/CPSmartLog-R81.20/smartlog_server
ENV = LANG=C
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
CP3DLOGD 20237 E 1 [17:50:55] 31/5/2019 60/5 N
PATH = /opt/CPuepm-R81.20/bin/cp3dlogd
COMMAND = cp3dlogd
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
EPM 20251 E 1 [17:50:56] 31/5/2019 60/5 N
PATH = /opt/CPuepm-R81.20/bin/startEngine
COMMAND = startEngine
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
DASERVICE 20404 E 1 [17:50:59] 31/5/2019 60/5 N
PATH = /opt/CPda/bin/DAService_script
COMMAND = DAService_script
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      576

 cpwd_admin monitor_list

cpwd_admin monitor_list
Description
Prints the status of actively monitored processes on the screen.
See the explanation about the active monitoring in "cpwd_admin" on page 564.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpwd_admin monitor_list

Example

[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin monitor_list

cpwd_admin:
APP FILE_NAME NO_MSG_TIMES LAST_MSG_TIME
CPD CPD_5420_4714.mntr 0/10 [19:00:33] 31/5/2019
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      577

 cpwd_admin start

cpwd_admin start
Description
Starts a process as monitored by the WatchDog.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpwd_admin start -name <Application Name> -path "<Full Path to Executable>"

-command "<Command Syntax>" [-env {inherit | <Env_Var>=<Value>] [-slp_
timeout <Timeout>] [-retry_limit {<Limit> | u}]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-name <Application Name, under which the cpwd_admin list command shows the
Name> monitored process in the leftmost column APP.
Examples:
n FWM
n FWD
n CPD
n CPM

-path "<Full Path The full path (with or without Check Point environment variables) to the
to Executable>" executable including the executable name.
Must enclose in double quotes.
Examples:
n For FWM: "$FWDIR/bin/fwm"
n For FWD: "/opt/CPsuite-R81.20/fw1/bin/fw"
n For CPD: "$CPDIR/bin/cpd"
n For CPM: "/opt/CPsuite-R81.20/fw1/scripts/cpm.sh"
n For SICTUNNEL: "/opt/CPshrd-R81.20/bin/cptnl"

-command "<Command The command and its arguments to run.

Syntax>" Must enclose in double quotes.
Examples:
n For FWM: "fwm"
n For FWM on Multi-Domain Server: "fwm mds"
n For FWD: "fwd"
n For CPD: "cpd"
n For CPM: "/opt/CPsuite-R81.20/fw1/scripts/cpm.sh -s"
n For SICTUNNEL: "/opt/CPshrd-R81.20/bin/cptnl -c
"/opt/CPuepm-R81.20/engine/conf/cptnl_srv.conf""

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 cpwd_admin start

Parameter Description

-env {inherit | Configures whether to inherit the environment variables from the shell.
<Env_Var>=<Value>}
n inherit - Inherits all the environment variables (WatchDog
supports up to 80 environment variables)
n <Env_Var>=<Value> - Assigns the specified value to the specified
environment variable

-slp_timeout Configures the specified value of the "sleep_timeout" configuration

<Timeout> parameter.
See "cpwd_admin config" on page 566.

-retry_limit Configures the value of the "retry_limit" configuration parameter.

{<Limit> | u} See "cpwd_admin config" on page 566.
n <Limit> - Tries to restart the process the specified number of times
n u - Tries to restart the process unlimited number of times

Example
For the list of process and the applicable syntax, see sk97638.

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 cpwd_admin start_monitor

cpwd_admin start_monitor
Description
Starts the active WatchDog monitoring. WatchDog monitors the predefined processes actively.
See the explanation for the "cpwd_admin" on page 564 command.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpwd_admin start_monitor

Example

[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin start_monitor

cpwd_admin:
CPWD has started to perform active monitoring on Check Point services/processes
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      580

 cpwd_admin stop

cpwd_admin stop
Description
Stops a WatchDog monitored process.

Important - This change does not survive reboot.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpwd_admin stop -name <Application Name> [-path "<Full Path to Executable>"

-command "<Command Syntax>" [-env {inherit | <Env_Var>=<Value>]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-name <Application Name under which the cpwd_admin list command shows the
Name> monitored process in the leftmost column APP.
Examples:
n FWM
n FWD
n CPD
n CPM

-path "<Full Path to The full path (with or without Check Point environment variables) to the
Executable>" executable including the executable name.
Must enclose in double quotes.
Examples:
n For FWM: "$FWDIR/bin/fwm"
n For FWD: "/opt/CPsuite-R81.20/fw1/bin/fw"
n For CPD: "$CPDIR/bin/cpd_admin"

-command "<Command The command and its arguments to run.

Syntax>" Must enclose in double quotes.
Examples:
n For FWM: "fw kill fwm"
n For FWD: "fw kill fwd"
n For CPD: "cpd_admin stop"

-env {inherit | <Env_ Configures whether to inherit the environment variables from the shell.
Var>=<Value>}
n inherit - Inherits all the environment variables (WatchDog
supports up to 80 environment variables)
n <Env_Var>=<Value> - Assigns the specified value to the
specified environment variable

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      581

 cpwd_admin stop

Example
For the list of process and the applicable syntax, see sk97638.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      582

 cpwd_admin stop_monitor

cpwd_admin stop_monitor
Description
Stops the active WatchDog monitoring. WatchDog monitors all processes only passively.
See the explanation for the "cpwd_admin" on page 564 command.

Syntax on a Management Server in Gaia Clish or the Expert mode

cpwd_admin stop_monitor

Example

[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin stop_monitor

cpwd_admin:
CPWD has stopped performing active monitoring on Check Point services/processes
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      583

 dbedit

dbedit
Description
Edits the management database - the $FWDIR/conf/objects_5_0.C file - on the Security Management
Server or Domain Management Server. See skI3301.

Important - Do NOT run this command, unless explicitly instructed by Check Point
Support or R&D to do so. Otherwise, you can corrupt settings in the management
database.

Syntax

dbedit -help

dbedit [-globallock] [{-local | -s <Management_Server>}] [{-u <Username> |

-c <Certificate>}] [-p <Password>] [-f <File_Name> [ignore_script_failure]
[-continue_updating]] [-r "<Open_Reason_Text>"] [-d <Database_Name>] [-
listen] [-readonly] [-session]
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-help Prints the general help.

-globallock When you work with the dbedit utility, it partially locks the management database. If
a user configures objects in SmartConsole at the same time, it causes problems in
the management database.
This option does not let SmartConsole, or a dbedit user to make changes in the
management database.
When you specify this option, the dbedit commands run on a copy of the
management database. After you make the changes with the dbedit commands
and run the savedb command, the dbedit utility saves and commits your changes
to the actual management database.

-local Connects to the localhost (127.0.0.1) without using username/password.

If you do not specify this parameter, the dbedit utility asks how to connect.

-s Specifies the Security Management Server - by IP address or HostName.

<Management_ If you do not specify this parameter, the dbedit utility asks how to connect.
Server>

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      584

 dbedit

Parameter Description

-u <Username> Specifies the username, with which the dbedit utility connects to the Security
Management Server.
Mandatory parameter when you specify the "-s <Management_Server>"
parameter.

-c Specifies the user's certificate file, with which the dbedit utility connects to the
<Certificate> Security Management Server.
Mandatory parameter when you specify the "-s <Management_Server>"
parameter.

-p <Password> Specifies the user's password, with which the dbedit utility connects to the Security
Management Server.
Mandatory parameter when you specify the "-s <Management_Server>" and "-
u <Username>" parameters.

-f <File_ Specifies the file that contains the applicable dbedit internal commands (see the
Name> section "dbedit Internal Commands" below):
n create <object_type> <object_name>
n modify <table_name> <object_name> <field_name> <value>
n update <table_name> <object_name>
n delete <table_name> <object_name>
n print <table_name> <object_name>
n quit

Note - Each command is limited to 4096 characters.

ignore_ Continues to execute the dbedit internal commands in the file and ignores errors.
script_ You can use it when you specify the "-f <File_Name>" parameter.
failure

-continue_ Continues to update the modified objects, even if the operation fails for some of the
updating objects (ignores the errors and runs the update_all command at the end of the
script).
You can use it when you specify the "-f <File_Name>" parameter.

-r "<Open_ Specifies the reason for opening the database in read-write mode (default mode).
Reason_Text>"

-d <Database_ Specifies the name of the database, to which the dbedit utility should connect (for
Name> example, mdsdb).

-listen The dbedit utility "listens" for changes (use this mode for advanced troubleshooting
with the assistance of Check Point Support).
The dbedit utility prints its internal messages when a change occurs in the
management database.

-readonly Specifies to open the management database in read-only mode.

-session Session Connectivity.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      585

 dbedit

dbedit Internal Commands

Note - To see the available tables, class names (object types), attributes and values,
connect to Management Server with Database Tool (GuiDBEdit Tool) (see sk13009).

Command Description, Syntax, Examples

-h Description:
Prints the general help.
Syntax:
dbedit> -h

-q Description:
Quits from dbedit.
quit Syntax:
dbedit> -q

dbedit> quit [-update_all | -noupdate]

Examples:
n Exit the utility and commit the remaining modified objects (interactive mode):
dbedit> quit
n Exit the utility and update all the remaining modified objects:
dbedit> quit -update_all
n Exit the utility and discard all modifications:
dbedit> quit -no_update

update Description:
Saves the specified object in the specified table (for example, "network_
objects", "services", "users").
Syntax:
dbedit> update <table_name> <object_name>
Example:
Save the object My_Service in the table services:
dbedit> update services My_Service

update_all Description:
Saves all the modified objects.
Syntax:
dbedit> update_all

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      586

 dbedit

Command Description, Syntax, Examples

_print_set Description:
Prints the specified object from the specified table (for example, "network_
objects", "services", "users") as it appears in the $FWDIR/conf/objects_
5_0.C file (sets of attributes).
Syntax:
dbedit> _print_set <table_name> <object_name>
Example:
Print the object My_Obj from the table network_objects:
dbedit> print network_objects My_Obj

print Description:
Prints the list of attributes of the specified object from the specified table (for
example, "network_objects", "properties", "services", "users").
Syntax:
dbedit> print <table_name> <object_name>
Examples:
n Print the object My_Obj from the table network_objects (in "Network
Objects"):
dbedit> print network_objects my_obj
n Print the object firewall_properties from the table properties (in "Global
Properties"):
dbedit> print properties firewall_properties

printxml Description:
Prints in XML format the list of attributes of the specified object from the specified
table (for example, "network_objects", "properties", "services", "users").
You can export the settings from a Management Server to an XML file that you can
use later with external automation systems.
Syntax:
dbedit> printxml <table_name> [<object_name>]
Examples:
n Print the object My_Obj from the table network_objects:
dbedit> printxml network_objects my_obj
n Print the object firewall_properties from the table properties (in "Global
Properties"):
dbedit> printxml properties firewall_properties

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 dbedit

Command Description, Syntax, Examples

printbyuid Description:
Prints the attributes of the object specified by its UID (appears in the
$FWDIR/conf/objects_5_0.C file at the beginning of the object as "chkpf_uid
({...})").
Syntax:
dbedit> printbyuid {object_id}
Example:
Print the attributes of the object with the specified UID:
dbedit> printbyuid {D3833F1D-0A58-AA42-865F-39BFE3C126F1}

query Description:
Prints all the objects in the specified table.
Optionally, you can query for objects with specific attribute and value - query is
separated by a comma after "query <table_name>" (spaces are not allowed
between the <attribute> and '<value>').
Syntax:
dbedit> query <table_name> [ , <attribute>='<value>' ]
Examples:
n Print all objects in the table users:
dbedit> query users
n Print all objects in the table network_objects that are defined as Management
Servers:
dbedit> query network_objects, management='true'
n Print all objects in the table services with the name ssh:
command_sdbedit> query services, name='ssh'
n Print all objects in the table services with the port 22:
dbedit> query services, port='22'
n Print all objects with the IP address 10.10.10.10:
dbedit> query network_objects, ipaddr='10.10.10.10'

whereused Description:
Checks where the specified object used in the database.
Prints the number of places, where this object is used and relevant information
about each such place.
Syntax:
dbedit> whereused <table_name> <object_name>
Example:
Check where the object My_Obj is used:
dbedit> whereused network_objects My_Obj

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 dbedit

Command Description, Syntax, Examples

create Description:
Creates an object of specified type (with its default values) in the database.
Restrictions apply to the object's name:
n Object names can have a maximum of 100 characters.
n Objects names can contain only ASCII letters, numbers, and dashes.
n Reserved words will be blocked by the Management Server (refer to
sk40179).
Syntax:
dbedit> create <object_type> <object_name>
Example:
Create the service object My_Service of the type tcp_service (with its default
values):
dbedit> create tcp_service my_service

delete Description:
Deletes an object from the specified table.
Syntax:
dbedit> delete <table_name> <object_name>
Example:
Delete the service object My_Service from the table services:
dbedit> delete services my_service

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 dbedit

Command Description, Syntax, Examples

modify Description:
Modifies the value of specified attribute in the specified object in the specified table
(for example, "network_objects", "services", "users") in the management
database.
Syntax:
dbedit> modify <table_name> <object_name> <field_name>
<value>
Examples:
n Modify the color to red in the object My_Service in the table services:
dbedit> modify services My_Service color red
n Add a comment to the object MyObj:
dbedit> modify network_objects MyObj comments
"Created by fwadmin with dbedit"
n Set the value of the global property ike_use_largest_possible_subnets in the
table properties to false:
dbedit> modify properties firewall_properties ike_
use_largest_possible_subnets false
n Create a new interface on the Security Gateway My_FW and modify its
attributes - set the IP address / Mask and enable Anti-Spoofing on interface
with "Element Index"=3 (check the attributes of the object My_FW in
Database Tool (GuiDBEdit Tool) (see sk13009)):
dbedit> addelement network_objects My_FW interfaces
interface
dbedit> modify network_objects My_FW
interfaces:3:officialname NAME_OF_INTERFACE
dbedit> modify network_objects My_FW
interfaces:3:ipaddr IP_ADDRESS
dbedit> modify network_objects My_FW
interfaces:3:netmask NETWORK_MASK
dbedit> modify network_objects My_FW
interfaces:3:security:netaccess:access specific
dbedit> modify network_objects My_FW
interfaces:3:security:netaccess:allowed network_
objects:group_name
dbedit> modify network_objects My_FW
interfaces:3:security:netaccess:perform_anti_spoofing
true
dbedit> modify network_objects MyObj FieldA LINKSYS
n In the Owned Object MyObj change the value of FieldB to NewVal:
dbedit> modify network_objects MyObj FieldA:FieldB
NewVal
n In the Linked Object MyObj change the value of FieldA from B to C:
dbedit> modify network_objects MyObj FieldA B:C

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 dbedit

Command Description, Syntax, Examples

lock Description:
Locks the specified object (by administrator) in the specified table (for example,
"network_objects", "services", "users") from being modified by other users.
For example, if you connect from a remote computer to this Management Server
with admin1 and lock an object, you are be able to connect with admin2, but are not
able to modify the locked object, until admin1 releases the lock.
Syntax:
dbedit> lock <table_name> <object_name>
Example:
Lock the object My_Service_Obj in the table services in the database:
dbedit> lock services My_Service_Obj

addelement Description:
Adds a specified multiple field / container (with specified value) to a specified object
in specified table.
Syntax:
dbedit> addelement <table_name> <object_name> <field_name>
<value>
Examples:
n Add the element BranchObjectClass with the value Organization to a multiple
field Read in the object My_Obj in the table ldap:
dbedit> addelement ldap My_Obj Read:BranchObjectClass
Organization
n Add the service MyService to the group of services MyServicesGroup in the
table services:
dbedit> addelement services MyServicesGroup ''
services:MyService
n Add the network MyNetwork to the group of networks MyNetworksGroup in
the table network_objects:
dbedit> addelement network_objects MyNetworksGroup ''
network_objects:MyNetwork

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 dbedit

Command Description, Syntax, Examples

rmelement Description:
Removes a specified multiple field / container (with specified value) from a specified
object in specified table.
Syntax:
dbedit> rmelement <table_name> <object_name> <field_name>
<value>
Examples:
n Remove the service MyService from the group of services MyServicesGroup
from the table services:
dbedit> rmelement services MyServicesGroup ''
services:MyService
n Remove the network MyNetwork from the group of networks
MyNetworksGroup from the table network_objects:
dbedit> rmelement network_objects MyNetworksGroup ''
network_objects:MyNetwork
n Remove the element BranchObjectClass with the value Organization from
the multiple field Read in the object My_Obj in the table ldap:
dbedit> rmelement ldap my_obj Read:BranchObjectClass
Organization

rename Description:
Renames the specified object in specified table.
Syntax:
dbedit> rename <table_name> <object_name> <new_object_
name>
Example:
Rename the network object london to chicago in the table network_objects:
dbedit> rename network_objects london chicago

rmbyindex Description:
Removes an element from a container by element's index.
Syntax:
dbedit> rmbyindex <table_name> <object_name> <field_name>
<index_number>
Example:
Remove the element backup_log_servers from the container log_servers by
element index 1 in the table network_objects:
dbedit> rmbyindex network_objects g log_servers:backup_
log_servers 1

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 dbedit

Command Description, Syntax, Examples

add_owned_ Description:
remove_name Adds an owned object (and removes its name) to a specified owned object field (or
container).
Syntax:
dbedit> add_owned_remove_name <table_name> <object_name>
<field_name> <value>
Example:
Add the owned object My_Gateway (and remove its name) to the owned object field
(or container) my_external_products:
dbedit> add_owned_remove_name network_objects My_Gateway
additional_products owned:my_external_products

is_delete_ Description:
allowed Checks if the specified object can be deleted from the specified table (object cannot
be deleted if it is used by other objects).
Syntax:
dbedit> is_delete_allowed <table_name> <object_name>
Example:
dbedit> is_delete_allowed network_objects MyObj
Check if the object MyObj can be deleted from the table network_objects:

set_pass Description:
Sets specified password for specified user.
Notes:
n The password must contain at least 4 characters and no more than 50
characters.
n This command cannot change the administrator's password.
Syntax:
dbedit> set_pass <Username> <Password>
Example:
Set the password 1234 for the user abcd:
dbedit> set_pass abcd 1234

savedb Description:
Saves the database. You can run this command only when the database is locked
globally (when you start the dbedit utility with the "dbedit -globallock"
command).
Syntax:
dbedit> savedb

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 dbedit

Command Description, Syntax, Examples

savesession Description:
Saves the session. You can run this command only when you start the dbedit utility
in session mode (with the "dbedit -session" command).
Syntax:
dbedit> savesession

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 fw

fw
Description
n Performs various operations on Security or Audit log files.
n Kills the specified Check Point processes.
n Manages the Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) rules.
n Manages the Suspicious Activity Policy editor.

Syntax

fw [-d]
      fetchlogs <options>
      hastat <options>
      kill <options>
      log <options>
      logswitch <options>
      lslogs <options>
      mergefiles <options>
      repairlog <options>
      sam <options>
      sam_policy <options>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a file,
or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

fetchlogs Fetches the specified Check Point log files - Security ($FWDIR/log/*.log*) or
<options> Audit ($FWDIR/log/*.adtlog*), from the specified Check Point computer.
See "fw fetchlogs" on page 597.

hastat Shows information about Check Point computers in High Availability configuration
<options> and their states.
See "fw hastat" on page 599.

kill Kills the specified Check Point process.

<options> See "fw kill" on page 600.

log Shows the content of Check Point log files - Security ($FWDIR/log/*.log) or Audit
<options> ($FWDIR/log/*.adtlog).
See "fw log" on page 601.

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 fw

Parameter Description

logswitch Switches the current active Check Point log file - Security ($FWDIR/log/fw.log) or
<options> Audit ($FWDIR/log/fw.adtlog).
See "fw logswitch" on page 609.

lslogs Shows a list of Check Point log files - Security ($FWDIR/log/*.log*) or Audit
<options> ($FWDIR/log/*.adtlog*), located on the local computer or a remote computer.
See "fw lslogs" on page 612.

mergefiles Merges several Check Point log files - Security ($FWDIR/log/*.log) or Audit
<options> ($FWDIR/log/*.adtlog), into a single log file.
See "fw mergefiles" on page 615.

repairlog Rebuilds pointer files for Check Point log files - Security ($FWDIR/log/*.log) or
<options> Audit ($FWDIR/log/*.adtlog).
See "fw repairlog" on page 618.

sam Manages the Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) rules.

<options> See "fw sam" on page 619.

sam_policy Manages the Suspicious Activity Policy editor that works with these type of rules:
<options>
n Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) rules.
or
samp
n Rate Limiting rules.
<options> See "fw sam_policy" on page 625.

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 fw fetchlogs

fw fetchlogs
Description
Fetches the specified Security log files ($FWDIR/log/*.log*) or Audit log files
($FWDIR/log/*.adtlog*) from the specified Check Point computer.

Syntax

fw [-d] fetchlogs [-f <Name of Log File 1>] [-f <Name of Log File 2>]... [-
f <Name of Log File N>] <Target>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a file, or
use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-f <Name Specifies the name of the log file to fetch. Need to specify name only.
of Log Notes:
File N>
n If you do not specify the log file name explicitly, the command transfers all
Security log files ($FWDIR/log/*.log*) and all Audit log files
($FWDIR/log/*.adtlog*).
n The specified log file name can include wildcards * and ? (for example, 2017-
0?-*.log).
If you enter a wildcard, you must enclose it in double quotes or single quotes.
n You can specify multiple log files in one command.
You must use the -f parameter for each log file name pattern.
n This command also transfers the applicable log pointer files.

<Target> Specifies the remote Check Point computer, with which this local Check Point computer
has established SIC trust.
n If you run this command on a Security Management Server or Domain
Management Server, then <Target> is the applicable object's name or main IP
address of the Check Point Computer as configured in SmartConsole.
n If you run this command on a Security Gateway or Cluster Member, then
<Target> is the main IP address of the applicable object as configured in
SmartConsole.

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 fw fetchlogs

Notes:
n This command moves the specified log files from the $FWDIR/log/ directory on the specified Check
Point computer. Meaning, it deletes the specified log files on the specified Check Point computer after
it copies them successfully.
n This command moves the specified log files to the $FWDIR/log/ directory on the local Check Point
computer, on which you run this command.
n This command cannot fetch the active log files $FWDIR/log/fw.log or $FWDIR/log/fw.adtlog.
To fetch these active log files:
1. Perform log switch on the applicable Check Point computer:

fw logswitch [-audit] [-h <IP Address or Hostname>]

2. Fetch the rotated log file from the applicable Check Point computer:

fw fetchlogs -f <Log File Name> <IP Address or Hostname>

n This command renames the log files it fetched from the specified Check Point computer. The new log
file name is the concatenation of the Check Point computer's name (as configured in SmartConsole),
two underscore (_) characters, and the original log file name (for example: MyGW__2019-06-01_
000000.log).

Example - Fetching log files from a Management Server

[Expert@HostName:0]# fw lslogs MyGW

Size Log file name
23KB 2019-05-16_000000.log
9KB 2019-05-17_000000.log
11KB 2019-05-18_000000.log
5796KB 2019-06-01_000000.log
4610KB fw.log
[Expert@HostName:0]#

[Expert@HostName:0]# fw fetchlogs -f 2019-06-01_000000 MyGW

File fetching in process. It may take some time...
File MyGW__2019-06-01_000000.log was fetched successfully
[Expert@HostName:0]#

[Expert@HostName:0]# ls $FWDIR/log/MyGW*
/opt/CPsuite-R81.20/fw1/log/MyGW__2019-06-01_000000.log
/opt/CPsuite-R81.20/fw1/log/MyGW__2019-06-01_000000.logaccount_ptr
/opt/CPsuite-R81.20/fw1/log/MyGW__2019-06-01_000000.loginitial_ptr
/opt/CPsuite-R81.20/fw1/log/MyGW__2019-06-01_000000.logptr
[Expert@HostName:0]#

[Expert@HostName:0]# fw lslogs MyGW

Size Log file name
23KB 2019-05-16_000000.log
9KB 2019-05-17_000000.log
11KB 2019-05-18_000000.log
4610KB fw.log
[Expert@HostName:0]#

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 fw hastat

fw hastat
Description
Shows information about Check Point computers in High Availability configuration and their states.

Note - This command is outdated. On Management Servers, run the "cpstat" on

page 555 command.

Syntax

fw hastat [<Target1>] [<Target2>] ... [<TargetN>]

Parameters

Parameter Description

<Target1> Specifies the Check Point computers to query.

<Target2> ... If you run this command on the Management Server, you can enter the applicable IP
<TargetN> address, or the resolvable HostName of the managed Security Gateway or Cluster
Member.
If you do not specify the target, the command queries the local computer.

Example - Querying the cluster members from the Management Server

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fw hastat 192.168.3.52

HOST NUMBER HIGH AVAILABILITY STATE MACHINE STATUS
192.168.3.52 1 active OK
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fw hastat 192.168.3.53

HOST NUMBER HIGH AVAILABILITY STATE MACHINE STATUS
192.168.3.53 2 stand-by OK
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fw hastat 192.168.3.52 192.168.3.53

HOST NUMBER HIGH AVAILABILITY STATE MACHINE STATUS
192.168.3.52 1 active OK
192.168.3.53 2 stand-by OK
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 fw kill

fw kill
Description
Kills the specified Check Point processes.

Important - Make sure the killed process is restarted, or restart it manually. See sk97638.

Syntax

fw [-d] kill [-t <Signal Number>] <Name of Process>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to
a file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-t <Signal Specifies which signal to send to the Check Point process.

Number> For the list of available signals and their numbers, run the kill -l command.
For information about the signals, see the manual pages for the kill and
signal.
If you do not specify the signal explicitly, the command sends Signal 15
(SIGTERM).
Note - Processes can ignore some signals.

<Name of Specifies the name of the Check Point process to kill.

Process> To see the names of the processes, run the ps auxwf command.

Example
fw kill fwd

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 fw log

fw log
Description
Shows the content of Check Point log files - Security ($FWDIR/log/*.log) or Audit
($FWDIR/log/*.adtlog).

Syntax

fw log {-h | -help}

fw [-d] log [-a] [-b "<Start Timestamp>" "<End Timestamp>"] [-c <Action>]
[{-f | -t}] [-g] [-H] [-h <Origin>] [-i] [-k {<Alert Name> | all}] [-l] [-m
{initial | semi | raw}] [-n] [-o] [-p] [-q] [-S] [-s "<Start Timestamp>"]
[-e "<End Timestamp>"] [-u <Unification Scheme File>] [-w] [-x <Start Entry
Number>] [-y <End Entry Number>] [-z] [-#] [<Log File>]

Parameters

Parameter Description

{-h | -help} Shows the built-in usage.

Note - The built-in usage does not show some of the parameters described in
this table.

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-a Shows only Account log entries.

-b "<Start Shows only entries that were logged between the specified start and end times.
Timestamp>"
"<End
n The <Start Timestamp> and <End Timestamp> may be a date, a
Timestamp>" time, or both.
n If date is omitted, then the command assumes the current date.
n Enclose the "<Start Timestamp>" and "<End Timestamp> in single
or double quotes (-b 'XX' 'YY", or -b "XX" "YY).
n You cannot use the "-b" parameter together with the "-s" or "-e"
parameters.
n See the date and time format below.

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 fw log

Parameter Description

-c <Action> Shows only events with the specified action. One of these:
n accept
n drop
n reject
n encrypt
n decrypt
n vpnroute
n keyinst
n authorize
n deauthorize
n authcrypt
n ctl

Notes:
n The fw log command always shows the Control (ctl) actions.
n For login action, use the authcrypt.

-e "<End Shows only entries that were logged before the specified time.
Timestamp>" Notes:
n The <End Timestamp> may be a date, a time, or both.
n Enclose the <End Timestamp> in single or double quotes (-e '...',
or -e "...").
n You cannot use the "-e" parameter together with the "-b" parameter.
n See the date and time format below.

-f This parameter:
1. Shows the saved entries that match the specified conditions.
2. After the command reaches the end of the currently opened log file, it
continues to monitor the log file indefinitely and shows the new entries
that match the specified conditions.
Note - Applies only to the active log file $FWDIR/log/fw.log or
$FWDIR/log/fw.adtlog

-g Does not show delimiters.

The default behavior is:
n Show a colon (:) after a field name
n Show a semi-colon (;) after a field value

-H Shows the High Level Log key.

-h <Origin> Shows only logs that were generated by the Security Gateway with the specified
IP address or object name (as configured in SmartConsole).

-i Shows log UID.

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 fw log

Parameter Description

-k {<Alert Shows entries that match a specific alert type:

Name> | all}
n <Alert Name> - Show only entries that match a specific alert type:
l alert

l mail

l snmp_trap

l spoof

l user_alert

l user_auth

n all - Show entries that match all alert types (this is the default).

-l Shows both the date and the time for each log entry.
The default is to show the date only once above the relevant entries, and then
specify the time for each log entry.

-m Specifies the log unification mode:

n initial - Complete unification of log entries. The command shows one
unified log entry for each ID. This is the default.
If you also specify the -f parameter, then the output does not show any
updates, but shows only entries that relate to the start of new
connections. To shows updates, use the semi parameter.
n semi - Step-by-step unification of log entries. For each log entry, the
output shows an entry that unifies this entry with all previously
encountered entries with the same ID.
n raw - No log unification. The output shows all log entries.

-n Does not perform DNS resolution of the IP addresses in the log file (this is the
default behavior).
This significantly speeds up the log processing.

-o Shows detailed log chains - shows all the log segments in the log entry.

-p Does not perform resolution of the port numbers in the log file (this is the default
behavior).
This significantly speeds up the log processing.

-q Shows the names of log header fields.

-S Shows the Sequence Number.

-s "<Start Shows only entries that were logged after the specified time.
Timestamp>" Notes:
n The <Start Timestamp> may be a date, a time, or both.
n If the date is omitted, then the command assumed the current date.
n Enclose the <Start Timestamp> in single or double quotes (-s
'...', or -s "...").
n You cannot use the "-s" parameter together with the "-b" parameter.
n See the date and time format below.

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Parameter Description

-t This parameter:
1. Does not show the saved entries that match the specified conditions.
2. After the command reaches the end of the currently opened log file, it
continues to monitor the log file indefinitely and shows the new entries
that match the specified conditions.
Note - Applies only to the active log file $FWDIR/log/fw.log or
$FWDIR/log/fw.adtlog

-u <Unification Specifies the path and name of the log unification scheme file.
Scheme File> The default log unification scheme file is:
$FWDIR/conf/log_unification_scheme.C

-w Shows the flags of each log entry (different bits used to specify the "nature" of
the log - for example, control, audit, accounting, complementary, and so on).

-x <Start Entry Shows only entries from the specified log entry number and below, counting
Number> from the beginning of the log file.

-y <End Entry Shows only entries until the specified log entry number, counting from the
Number> beginning of the log file.

-z In case of an error (for example, wrong field value), continues to show log
entries.
The default behavior is to stop.

-# Show confidential logs in clear text.

<Log File> Specifies the log file to read.

If you do not specify the log file explicitly, the command opens the
$FWDIR/log/fw.log log file.
You can specify a switched log file.

Date and Time format

Part of timestamp Format Example

Date only MMM DD, YYYY June 11, 2018

Time only HH:MM:SS 14:20:00

Note - In this case, the command assumes the
current date.

Date and Time MMM DD, YYYY June 11, 2018

HH:MM:SS 14:20:00

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 fw log

Output
Each output line consists of a single log entry, whose fields appear in this format:
Note - The fields that show depends on the connection type.

HeaderDateHour ContentVersion HighLevelLogKey Uuid SequenceNum Flags Action

Origin IfDir InterfaceName LogId ...

This table describes some of the fields.

Field Header Description Example

HeaderDateHour Date and Time 12Jun2018 12:56:42

ContentVersion Version 5

HighLevelLogKey High Level Log Key <max_null>, or empty

Uuid Log UUID (0x5b1f99cb,0x0,0x3403a8c0,0xc0000000)

SequenceNum Log Sequence 1

Number

Flags Internal flags that 428292

specify the "nature"
of the log - for
example, control,
audit, accounting,
complementary,
and so on

Action Action performed n accept

on this connection n dropreject
n encrypt
n decrypt
n vpnroute
n keyinst
n authorize
n deauthorize
n authcrypt
n ctl

Origin Object name of the MyGW

Security Gateway
that generated this
log

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 fw log

Field Header Description Example

IfDir Traffic direction n <

through interface: n >
n < - Outbound
(sent by a
Security
Gateway)
n > - Inbound
(received by
a Security
Gateway)

InterfaceName Name of the n eth0

Security Gateway n daemon
interface, on which n N/A
this traffic was
logged
If a Security
Gateway performed
some internal
action (for example,
log switch), then the
log entry shows
daemon

LogId Log ID 0

Alert Alert Type n alert

n mail
n snmp_trap
n spoof
n user_alert
n user_auth

OriginSicName SIC name of the CN=MyGW,O=MyDomain_

Security Gateway Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x
that generated this
log

inzone Inbound Security Local

Zone

outzone Outbound Security External

Zone

service_id Name of the service ftp

used to inspect this
connection

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 fw log

Field Header Description Example

src Object name or IP MyHost

address of the
connection's source
computer

dst Object name or IP MyFTPServer

address of the
connection's
destination
computer

proto Name of the tcp

connection's
protocol

sport_svc Source port of the 64933

connection

ProductName Name of the Check n VPN-1 & FireWall-1

Point product that n Application Control
generated this log n FloodGate-1

ProductFamily Name of the Check Network

Point product family
that generated this
log

Examples
Example 1 - Show all log entries with both the date and the time for each log entry
fw log -l

Example 2 - Show all log entries that start after the specified timestamp
[Expert@MyGW:0]# fw log -l -s "June 12, 2018 12:33:00"
12Jun2018 12:33:00 5 N/A 1 accept MyGW > N/A LogId: <max_null>; ContextNum: <max_null>; OriginSicName: CN=MyGW,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x;
fg-1_client_in_rule_name: Default; fg-1_client_out_rule_name: Default; fg-1_server_in_rule_name: Host Redirect; fg-1_server_out_rule_name: ;
ProductName: FG; ProductFamily: Network;

12Jun2018 12:33:39 5 N/A 1 drop MyGW < eth0 LogId: 0; ContextNum: <max_null>; OriginSicName: CN=MyGW,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x; inzone:
Local; outzone: External; service_id: ftp; src: MyGW; dst: MyFTPServer; proto: tcp; UP_match_table: TABLE_START; ROW_START: 0; match_id: 2; layer_uuid:
4e26fc30-b345-4c96-b8d7-9db6aa7cdd89; layer_name: MyPolicy Network; rule_uid: 802020d9-5cdc-4c74-8e92-47e1b0eb72e5; rule_name: ; ROW_END: 0; UP_match_
table: TABLE_END; UP_action_table: TABLE_START; ROW_START: 0; action: 0; ROW_END: 0; UP_action_table: TABLE_END; ProductName: VPN-1 & FireWall-1; svc:
ftp; sport_svc: 64933; ProductFamily: Network;

... ... ...

[Expert@MyGW:0]#

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 fw log

Example 3 - Show all log entries between the specified timestamps

[Expert@MyGW:0]# fw log -l -b "June 12, 2018 12:33:00" 'June 12, 2018 12:34:00'
12Jun2018 12:33:00 5 N/A 1 accept MyGW > N/A LogId: <max_null>; ContextNum: <max_null>; OriginSicName: CN=MyGW,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x;
fg-1_client_in_rule_name: Default; fg-1_client_out_rule_name: Default; fg-1_server_in_rule_name: Host Redirect; fg-1_server_out_rule_name: ;
ProductName: FG; ProductFamily: Network;

12Jun2018 12:33:39 5 N/A 1 drop MyGW < eth0 LogId: 0; ContextNum: <max_null>; OriginSicName: CN=MyGW,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x; inzone:
Local; outzone: External; service_id: ftp; src: MyGW; dst: MyFTPServer; proto: tcp; UP_match_table: TABLE_START; ROW_START: 0; match_id: 2; layer_uuid:
4e26fc30-b345-4c96-b8d7-9db6aa7cdd89; layer_name: MyPolicy Network; rule_uid: 802020d9-5cdc-4c74-8e92-47e1b0eb72e5; rule_name: ; ROW_END: 0; UP_match_
table: TABLE_END; UP_action_table: TABLE_START; ROW_START: 0; action: 0; ROW_END: 0; UP_action_table: TABLE_END; ProductName: VPN-1 & FireWall-1; svc:
ftp; sport_svc: 64933; ProductFamily: Network;

12Jun2018 12:33:45 5 N/A 1 ctl MyGW > LogId: <max_null>; ContextNum: <max_null>; OriginSicName: CN=MyGW,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x;
description: Contracts; reason: Could not reach "https://productcoverage.checkpoint.com/ProductCoverageService". Check DNS and Proxy configuration on
the gateway.; Severity: 2; status: Failed; version: 1.0; failure_impact: Contracts may be out-of-date; update_service: 1; ProductName: Security
Gateway/Management; ProductFamily: Network;
[Expert@MyGW:0]#

Example 4 - Show all log entries with action "drop"

[Expert@MyGW:0]# fw log -l -c drop
12Jun2018 12:33:39 5 N/A 1 drop MyGW < eth0 LogId: 0; ContextNum: <max_null>; OriginSicName: CN=MyGW,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x; inzone:
Local; outzone: External; service_id: ftp; src: MyGW; dst: MyFTPServer; proto: tcp; UP_match_table: TABLE_START; ROW_START: 0; match_id: 2; layer_uuid:
4e26fc30-b345-4c96-b8d7-9db6aa7cdd89; layer_name: MyPolicy Network; rule_uid: 802020d9-5cdc-4c74-8e92-47e1b0eb72e5; rule_name: ; ROW_END: 0; UP_match_
table: TABLE_END; UP_action_table: TABLE_START; ROW_START: 0; action: 0; ROW_END: 0; UP_action_table: TABLE_END; ProductName: VPN-1 & FireWall-1; svc:
ftp; sport_svc: 64933; ProductFamily: Network;
[Expert@MyGW:0]#

Example 5 - Show all log entries with action "drop", show all field headers, and show log flags
[Expert@MyGW:0]# fw log -l -q -w -c drop
HeaderDateHour: 12Jun2018 12:33:39; ContentVersion: 5; HighLevelLogKey: <max_null>; LogUid: ; SequenceNum: 1; Flags: 428292; Action: drop; Origin:
MyGW; IfDir: <; InterfaceName: eth0; Alert: ; LogId: 0; ContextNum: <max_null>; OriginSicName: CN=MyGW,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x; inzone:
Local; outzone: External; service_id: ftp; src: MyGW; dst: MyFTPServer; proto: tcp; UP_match_table: TABLE_START; ROW_START: 0; match_id: 2; layer_uuid:
4e26fc30-b345-4c96-b8d7-9db6aa7cdd89; layer_name: MyPolicy Network; rule_uid: 802020d9-5cdc-4c74-8e92-47e1b0eb72e5; rule_name: ; ROW_END: 0; UP_match_
table: TABLE_END; UP_action_table: TABLE_START; ROW_START: 0; action: 0; ROW_END: 0; UP_action_table: TABLE_END; ProductName: VPN-1 & FireWall-1; svc:
ftp; sport_svc: 64933; ProductFamily: Network;
[Expert@MyGW:0]#

Example 6 - Show only log entries from 0 to 10 (counting from the beginning of the log file)
[Expert@MyGW:0]# fw log -l -x 0 -y 10
... ...
[Expert@MyGW:0]#

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 fw logswitch

fw logswitch
Description
Switches the current active log file:
1. Closes the current active log file
2. Renames the current active log file
3. Creates a new active log file with the default name
Notes:
n By default, this command switches the active Security log file -
$FWDIR/log/fw.log
n You can specify to switch the active Audit log file - $FWDIR/log/fw.adtlog

Syntax

fw [-d] logswitch
[-audit] [<Name of Switched Log>]
      -h <Target> [[+ | -]<Name of Switched Log>]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a file, or
use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-audit Specifies to switch the active Audit log file ($FWDIR/log/fw.adtlog).

You can use this parameter only on a Management Server.

-h <Target> Specifies the remote computer, on which to switch the log.

Notes:
n The local and the remote computers must have established SIC trust.
n The remote computer can be a Security Gateway, a Log Server, or a Security
Management Server in High Availability deployment.
n You can specify the remote managed computer by its main IP address or Object
Name as configured in SmartConsole.

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 fw logswitch

Parameter Description

<Name of Specifies the name of the switched log file.

Switched Notes:
Log>
n If you do not specify this parameter, then a default name is:
<YYYY-MM-DD_HHMMSS>.log
<YYYY-MM-DD_HHMMSS>.adtlog
For example, 2018-03-26_174455.log
n If you specify the name of the switched log file, then the name of the switch log
file is:
<Specified_Log_Name>.log
<Specified_Log_Name>.adtlog
n The log switch operation fails if the specified name for the switched log matches
the name of an existing log file.
n The maximal length of the specified name of the switched log file is 230
characters.

+ Specifies to copy the active log from the remote computer to the local computer.
Notes:
n If you specify the name of the switched log file, you must write it immediately
after this + (plus) parameter.
n The command copies the active log from the remote computer and saves it in
the $FWDIR/log/ directory on the local computer.
n The default name of the saved log file is:
<Gateway_Object_Name>__<YYYY-MM-DD_HHMMSS>.log
For example, MyGW__2018-03-26_174455.log
n If you specify the name of the switched log file, then the name of the saved log
file is:
<Gateway_Object_Name>__<Specified_Log_Name>.log
n When this command copies the log file from the remote computer, it compresses
the file.

- Specifies to transfer the active log from the remote computer to the local computer.
Notes:
n The command saves the copied active log file in the $FWDIR/log/ directory on
the local computer and then deletes the switched log file on the remote
computer.
n If you specify the name of the switched log file, you must write it immediately
after this - (minus) parameter.
n The default name of the saved log file is:
<Gateway_Object_Name>__<YYYY-MM-DD_HHMMSS>.log
For example, MyGW__2018-03-26_174455.log
n If you specify the name of the switched log file, then the name of the saved log
file is:
<Gateway_Object_Name>__<Specified_Log_Name>.log
n When this command transfers the log file from the remote computer, it
compresses the file.
n As an alternative, you can use the "fw fetchlogs" on page 597 command.

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 fw logswitch

Compression
When this command transfers the log files from the remote computer, it compresses the file with the gzip
command (see RFC 1950 to RFC 1952 for details). The algorithm is a variation of LZ77 method. The
compression ratio varies with the content of the log file and is difficult to predict. Binary data are not
compressed. Text data, such as user names and URLs, are compressed.
Example - Switching the active Security log on a Security Management Server or Security
Gateway
[Expert@MGMT:0]# fw logswitch
Log file has been switched to: 2018-06-13_182359.log
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example - Switching the active Audit log on a Security Management Server

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fw logswitch -audit
Log file has been switched to: 2018-06-13_185711.adtlog
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example - Switching the active Security log on a managed Security Gateway and copying the
switched log
[Expert@MGMT:0]# fw logswitch -h MyGW +
Log file has been switched to: 2018-06-13_185451.log
[Expert@MGMT:0]#
[Expert@MGMT:0]# ls $FWDIR/log/*.log
/opt/CPsuite-R81.20/fw1/log/fw.log
/opt/CPsuite-R81.20/fw1/log/MyGW__2018-06-13_185451.log
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MyGW:0]# ls $FWDIR/log/*.log
/opt/CPsuite-R81.20/fw1/log/fw.log
/opt/CPsuite-R81.20/fw1/log/2018-06-13_185451.log
[Expert@MyGW:0]#

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 fw lslogs

fw lslogs
Description
Shows a list of Security log files ($FWDIR/log/*.log) and Audit log files ($FWDIR/log/*.adtlog)
residing on the local computer or a remote computer.

Syntax

fw [-d] lslogs [-f <Name of Log File 1>] [-f <Name of Log File 2>] ... [-f
<Name of Log File N>] [-e] [-r] [-s {name | size | stime | etime}]
[<Target>]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a file, or
use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-f <Name of Specifies the name of the log file to show. Need to specify name only.
Log File> Notes:
n If the log file name is not specified explicitly, the command shows all Security
log files ($FWDIR/log/*.log).
n File names may include * and ? as wildcards (for example, 2019-0?-*). If you
enter a wildcard, you must enclose it in double quotes or single quotes.
n You can specify multiple log files in one command. You must use the "-f"
parameter for each log file name pattern:
-f <Name of Log File 1> -f <Name of Log File 2> ... -f
<Name of Log File N>

-e Shows an extended file list. It includes the following information for each log file:
n Size - The total size of the log file and its related pointer files
n Creation Time - The time the log file was created
n Closing Time - The time the log file was closed
n Log File Name - The file name

-r Reverses the sort order (descending order).

-s {name | Specifies the sort order of the log files using one of the following sort options:
size |
stime |
n name - The file name
etime} n size - The file size
n stime - The time the log file was created (this is the default option)
n etime - The time the log file was closed

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 fw lslogs

Parameter Description

<Target> Specifies the remote Check Point computer, with which this local Check Point
computer has established SIC trust.
n If you run this command on a Security Management Server or Domain
Management Server, then <Target> is the applicable object's name or main
IP address of the Check Point Computer as configured in SmartConsole.
n If you run this command on a Security Gateway or Cluster Member, then
<Target> is the main IP address of the applicable object as configured in
SmartConsole.

Example 1 - Default output

[Expert@HostName:0]# fw lslogs
Size Log file name
9KB 2019-06-14_000000.log
11KB 2019-06-15_000000.log
9KB 2019-06-16_000000.log
10KB 2019-06-17_000000.log
9KB fw.log
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Example 2 - Showing all log files

[Expert@HostName:0]# fw lslogs -f "*"

Size Log file name
9KB fw.adtlog
9KB fw.log
9KB 2019-05-29_000000.adtlog
9KB 2019-05-29_000000.log
9KB 2019-05-20_000000.adtlog
9KB 2019-05-20_000000.log
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Example 3 - Showing only log files specified by the patterns

[Expert@HostName:0]# fw lslogs -f "2019-06-14*" -f '2019-06-15*'

Size Log file name
9KB 2019-06-14_000000.adtlog
9KB 2019-06-14_000000.log
11KB 2019-06-15_000000.adtlog
11KB 2019-06-15_000000.log
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Example 4 - Showing only log files specified by the patterns and their extended information

[Expert@HostName:0]# fw lslogs -f "2019-06-14*" -f '2019-06-15*'

Size Log file name
9KB 2019-06-14_000000.adtlog
9KB 2019-06-14_000000.log
11KB 2019-06-15_000000.adtlog
11KB 2019-06-15_000000.log
[Expert@HostName:0]#

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 fw lslogs

Example 5 - Showing only log files specified by the patterns, sorting by name in reverse order

[Expert@HostName:0]# fw lslogs -f "2019-06-14*" -f '2019-06-15*' -e -s name -r

Size Creation Time Closing Time Log file name
11KB 14Jun2018 0:00:00 15Jun2018 0:00:00 2019-06-15_000000.log
11KB 14Jun2018 0:00:00 15Jun2018 0:00:00 2019-06-15_000000.adtlog
9KB 13Jun2018 18:23:59 14Jun2018 0:00:00 2019-06-14_000000.log
9KB 13Jun2018 0:00:00 14Jun2018 0:00:00 2019-06-14_000000.adtlog
[Expert@HostName:0]#

Example 6 - Showing only log files specified by the patterns, from a managed Security Gateway with
main IP address 192.168.3.53

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fw lslogs -f "2019-06-14*" -f '2019-06-15*' 192.168.3.53

Size Log file name
11KB 2019-06-15_000000.adtlog
11KB 2019-06-15_000000.log
9KB 2019-06-14_000000.log
9KB 2019-06-14_000000.adtlog
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 fw mergefiles

fw mergefiles
Description
Merges several Security log files ($FWDIR/log/*.log) into a single log file.
Merges several Audit log files ($FWDIR/log/*.adtlog) into a single log file.
Important:
n Do not merge the active Security file $FWDIR/log/fw.log with other Security
switched log files.
Switch the active Security file $FWDIR/log/fw.log (with the "fw logswitch" on
page 609 command) and only then merge it with other Security switched log files.
n Do not merge the active Audit file $FWDIR/log/fw.adtlog with other Audit
switched log files.
Switch the active Audit file $FWDIR/log/fw.adtlog (with the "fw logswitch" on
page 609 command) and only then merge it with other Audit switched log files.
n This command unifies logs entries with the same Unique-ID (UID). If you rotate
the current active log file before all the segments of a specific log arrive, this
command merges the records with the same Unique ID from two different files,
into one fully detailed record.
n If the size of the final merged log file exceeds 2GB, this command creates a list of
merged files, where the size of each merged file size is not more than 2GB.
The user receives this warning:
Warning: The size of the files you have chosen to merge
is greater than 2GB. The merge will produce two or more
files.
The names of merged files are:
l <Name of Merged Log File>.log
l <Name of Merged Log File>_1.log
l <Name of Merged Log File>_2.log
l ... ...

l <Name of Merged Log File>_N.log

Syntax

fw [-d] mergefiles {-h | -help}

fw [-d] mergefiles [-r] [-s] [-t <Time Conversion File>] <Name of Log File
1> <Name of Log File 2> ... <Name of Log File N> <Name of Merged Log File>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect
the output to a file, or use the script command to
save the entire CLI session.

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 fw mergefiles

Parameter Description

{-h | -help} Shows the built-in usage.

-r Removes duplicate entries.

-s Sorts the merged file by the Time field in log records.

-t <Time Conversion File> Specifies a full path and name of a file that instructs this
command how to adjust the times during the merge.
This is required if you merge log files from Log Servers
configured with different time zones.
The file format is:
<IP Address of Log Server #1> <Signed Date
Time #1 in Seconds>
<IP Address of Log Server #2> <Signed Date
Time #2 in Seconds>
... ...
Notes
n You must specify the absolute path and the file
name.
n The name of the time conversion file cannot
exceed 230 characters.

<Name of Log File 1> ... Specifies the log files to merge.
<Name of Log File N> Notes:
n You must specify the absolute path and the
name of the input log files.
n The name of the input log file cannot exceed
230 characters.

<Name of Merged Log File> Specifies the output merged log file.
Notes:
n The name of the merged log file cannot exceed
230 characters.
n If a file with the specified name already exists,
the command stops and asks you to remove the
existing file, or to specify another name.
n The size of the merged log file cannot exceed 2
GB. In such scenario, the command creates
several merged log files, each not exceeding the
size limit.

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 fw mergefiles

Example - Merging Security log files

[Expert@HostName:0]# ls -l $FWDIR/*.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 admin root 189497 Sep 7 00:00 2019-09-07_000000.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 admin root 14490 Sep 9 09:52 2019-09-09_000000.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 admin root 30796 Sep 10 10:56 2019-09-10_000000.log
-rw-rw-r-- 1 admin root 24503 Sep 10 13:08 fw.log
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# fw mergefiles -s $FWDIR/2019-09-07_000000.log $FWDIR/2019-09-09_000000.log $FWDIR/2019-
09-10_000000.log /var/log/2019-Sep-Merged.log
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# ls -l /var/log/2019-Sep-Merged.log*
-rw-rw---- 1 admin root 213688 Sep 10 13:18 /var/log/2019-Sep-Merged.log
-rw-rw---- 1 admin root 8192 Sep 10 13:18 /var/log/2019-Sep-Merged.logLuuidDB
-rw-rw---- 1 admin root 80 Sep 10 13:18 /var/log/2019-Sep-Merged.logaccount_ptr
-rw-rw---- 1 admin root 2264 Sep 10 13:18 /var/log/2019-Sep-Merged.loginitial_ptr
-rw-rw---- 1 admin root 4448 Sep 10 13:18 /var/log/2019-Sep-Merged.logptr
[Expert@HostName:0]#

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 fw repairlog

fw repairlog
Description
Check Point Security log file ($FWDIR/log/*.log) and Audit log files ($FWDIR/log/*.adtlog) are
databases, with special pointer files.
If these log pointer files become corrupted (which causes the inability to read the log file), this command can
rebuild them.

Log File Type Log File Location Log Pointer Files

Security log $FWDIR/log/*.log *.logptr

*.logaccount_ptr
*.loginitial_ptr
*.logLuuidDB

Audit log $FWDIR/log/*.adtlog *.adtlogptr

*.adtlogaccount_ptr
*.adtloginitial_ptr
*.adtlogLuuidDB

Syntax

fw [-d] repairlog [-u] <Name of Log File>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter,
then redirect the output to a file, or use the
script command to save the entire CLI
session.

-u Specifies to rebuild the unification chains in the log file.

<Name of Log File> The name of the log file to repair.

Example - Repairing the Audit log file

fw repairlog -u 2019-06-17_000000.adtlog

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 fw sam

fw sam
Description
Manages the Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) rules. You can use the SAM rules to block connections
to and from IP addresses without the need to change or reinstall the Security Policy. For more information,
see sk112061.
You can create the Suspicious Activity Rules in two ways:
n In SmartConsole from Monitoring Results
n In CLI with the fw sam command
Notes:
n VSX Gateways and VSX Cluster Members do not support Suspicious Activity
Monitoring (SAM) Rules. See sk79700.
n See the "fw sam_policy" on page 625 and "sam_alert" on page 708 commands.
n SAM rules consume some CPU resources on Security Gateway.
Best Practice - The SAM Policy rules consume some CPU resources
on Security Gateway. Set an expiration for rules that gives you time to
investigate, but does not affect performance. Keep only the required
SAM Policy rules. If you confirm that an activity is risky, edit the
Security Policy, educate users, or otherwise handle the risk.
n Logs for enforced SAM rules (configured with the fw sam command) are stored
in the $FWDIR/log/sam.dat file.
By design, the file is purged when the number of stored entries reaches 100,000.
This data log file contains the records in one of these formats:
<type>,<actions>,<expire>,<ipaddr>

<type>,<actions>,<expire>,<src>,<dst>,<dport>,<ip_p>
n SAM Requests are stored on the Security Gateway in the kernel table sam_
requests.
n IP Addresses that are blocked by SAM rules, are stored on the Security Gateway
in the kernel table sam_blocked_ips.

Note - To configure SAM Server settings for a Security Gateway or Cluster:

1. Connect with SmartConsole to the applicable Security Management Server or
Domain Management Server.
2. From the left navigation panel, click Gateways & Servers.
3. Open the Security Gateway or Cluster object.
4. From the left tree, click Other > SAM.
5. Configure the settings.
6. Click OK.
7. Install the Access Control Policy on this Security Gateway or Cluster object.

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 fw sam

Syntax
n To add or cancel a SAM rule according to criteria:

fw [-d] sam [-v] [-s <SAM Server>] [-S <SIC Name of SAM Server>] [-f
<Security Gateway>] [-t <Timeout>] [-l <Log Type>] [-C] [-e <key=val>]+
[-r] -{n|i|I|j|J} <Criteria>

n To delete all SAM rules:

fw [-d] sam [-v] [-s <SAM Server>] [-S <SIC Name of SAM Server>] [-f
<Security Gateway>] -D

n To monitor all SAM rules:

fw [-d] sam [-v] [-s <SAM Server>] [-S <SIC Name of SAM Server>] [-f
<Security Gateway>] [-r] -M -{i|j|n|b|q} all

n To monitor SAM rules according to criteria:

fw [-d] sam [-v] [-s <SAM Server>] [-S <SIC Name of SAM Server>] [-f
<Security Gateway>] [-r] -M -{i|j|n|b|q} <Criteria>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a file, or
use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-v Enables verbose mode.

In this mode, the command writes one message to stderr for each Security Gateway,
on which the command is enforced. These messages show whether the command
was successful or not.

-s <SAM Specifies the IP address (in the X.X.X.X format) or resolvable HostName of the
Server> Security Gateway that enforces the command.
The default is localhost.

-S <SIC Specifies the SIC name for the SAM server to be contacted. It is expected that the
Name of SAM SAM server has this SIC name, otherwise the connection fails.
Server> Notes:
n If you do not explicitly specify the SIC name, the connection continues
without SIC names comparison.
n For more information about enabling SIC, refer to the OPSEC API
Specification.
n On VSX Gateway, run the fw vsx showncs -vs <VSID> command to
show the SIC name for the applicable Virtual System.

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 fw sam

Parameter Description

-f Specifies the Security Gateway, on which to enforce the action.

<Security <Security Gateway> can be one of these:
Gateway>
n All - Default. Specifies to enforce the action on all managed Security Gateways,
where SAM Server runs.
You can use this syntax only on Security Management Server or Domain
Management Server.
n localhost - Specifies to enforce the action on this local Check Point computer
(on which the fw sam command is executed).
You can use this syntax only on Security Gateway or StandAlone.
n Gateways - Specifies to enforce the action on all objects defined as Security
Gateways, on which SAM Server runs.
You can use this syntax only on Security Management Server or Domain
Management Server.
n Name of Security Gateway object - Specifies to enforce the action on this
specific Security Gateway object.
You can use this syntax only on Security Management Server or Domain
Management Server.
n Name of Group object - Specifies to enforce the action on all specific Security
Gateways in this Group object.
Notes:
n You can use this syntax only on Security Management Server or
Domain Management Server.
n VSX Gateways and VSX Cluster Members do not support Suspicious
Activity Monitoring (SAM) Rules. See sk79700.

-D Cancels all inhibit ("-i", "-j", "-I", "-J") and notify ("-n") parameters.
Notes:
n To "uninhibit" the inhibited connections, run the fw sam command
with the "-C" or "-D" parameters.
n It is also possible to use this command for active SAM requests.

-C Cancels the fw sam command to inhibit connections with the specified parameters.
Notes:
n These connections are no longer inhibited (no longer rejected or
dropped).
n The command parameters must match the parameters in the original
fw sam command, except for the -t <Timeout> parameter.

-t Specifies the time period (in seconds), during which the action is enforced.
<Timeout> The default is forever, or until you cancel the fw sam command.

-l <Log Specifies the type of the log for enforced action:

Type>
n nolog - Does not generate Log / Alert at all
n short_noalert - Generates a Log
n short_alert - Generates an Alert
n long_noalert - Generates a Log
n long_alert - Generates an Alert (this is the default)

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 fw sam

Parameter Description

-e Specifies rule information based on the keys and the provided values.
<key=val>+ Multiple keys are separated by the plus sign (+).
Available keys are (each is limited to 100 characters):
n name - Security rule name
n comment - Security rule comment
n originator - Security rule originator's username

-r Specifies not to resolve IP addresses.

-n Specifies to generate a "Notify" long-format log entry.

Notes:
n This parameter generates an alert when connections that match the
specified services or IP addresses pass through the Security
Gateway.
n This action does not inhibit / close connections.

-i Inhibits (drops or rejects) new connections with the specified parameters.

Notes:
n Each inhibited connection is logged according to the log type.
n Matching connections are rejected.

-I Inhibits (drops or rejects) new connections with the specified parameters, and closes
all existing connections with the specified parameters.
Notes:
n Matching connections are rejected.
n Each inhibited connection is logged according to the log type.

-j Inhibits (drops or rejects) new connections with the specified parameters.

Notes:
n Matching connections are dropped.
n Each inhibited connection is logged according to the log type.

-J Inhibits new connections with the specified parameters, and closes all existing
connections with the specified parameters.
Notes:
n Matching connections are dropped.
n Each inhibited connection is logged according to the log type.

-b Bypasses new connections with the specified parameters.

-q Quarantines new connections with the specified parameters.

-M Monitors the active SAM requests with the specified actions and criteria.

all Gets all active SAM requests. This is used for monitoring purposes only.

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 fw sam

Parameter Description

<Criteria> Criteria are used to match connections.

The criteria and are composed of various combinations of the following parameters:
n Source IP Address
n Source Netmask
n Destination IP Address
n Destination Netmask
n Port (see IANA Service Name and Port Number Registry)
n Protocol Number (see IANA Protocol Numbers)

Possible combinations are (see the explanations below this table):

n src <IP>
n dst <IP>
n any <IP>
n subsrc <IP> <Netmask>
n subdst <IP> <Netmask>
n subany <IP> <Netmask>
n srv <Src IP> <Dest IP> <Port> <Protocol>
n subsrv <Src IP> <Src Netmask> <Dest IP> <Dest Netmask>
<Port> <Protocol>
n subsrvs <Src IP> <Src Netmask> <Dest IP> <Port> <Protocol>
n subsrvd <Src IP> <Dest IP> <Dest Netmask> <Port>
<Protocol>
n dstsrv <Dest IP> <Port> <Protocol>
n subdstsrv <Dest IP> <Dest Netmask> <Port> <Protocol>
n srcpr <IP> <Protocol>
n dstpr <IP> <Protocol>
n subsrcpr <IP> <Netmask> <Protocol>
n subdstpr <IP> <Netmask> <Protocol>
n generic <key=val>

Explanation for the <Criteria> syntax

Parameter Description

src <IP> Matches the Source IP address of the connection.

dst <IP> Matches the Destination IP address of the connection.

any <IP> Matches either the Source IP address or the Destination

IP address of the connection.

subsrc <IP> <Netmask> Matches the Source IP address of the connections

according to the netmask.

subdst <IP> <Netmask> Matches the Destination IP address of the connections

according to the netmask.

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 fw sam

Parameter Description

subany <IP> <Netmask> Matches either the Source IP address or Destination IP

address of connections according to the netmask.

srv <Src IP> <Dest IP> <Port> Matches the specific Source IP address, Destination IP
<Protocol> address, Service (port number) and Protocol.

subsrv <Src IP> <Netmask> <Dest Matches the specific Source IP address, Destination IP
IP> <Netmask> <Port> <Protocol> address, Service (port number) and Protocol.
Source and Destination IP addresses are assigned
according to the netmask.

subsrvs <Src IP> <Src Netmask> Matches the specific Source IP address, source netmask,
<Dest IP> <Port> <Protocol> destination netmask, Service (port number) and Protocol.

subsrvd <Src IP> <Dest IP> Matches specific Source IP address, Destination IP,
<Dest Netmask> <Port> destination netmask, Service (port number) and Protocol.
<Protocol>

dstsrv <Dest IP> <Service> Matches specific Destination IP address, Service (port
<Protocol> number) and Protocol.

subdstsrv <Dest IP> <Netmask> Matches specific Destination IP address, Service (port
<Port> <Protocol> number) and Protocol.
Destination IP address is assigned according to the
netmask.

srcpr <IP> <Protocol> Matches the Source IP address and protocol.

dstpr <IP> <Protocol> Matches the Destination IP address and protocol.

subsrcpr <IP> <Netmask> Matches the Source IP address and protocol of

<Protocol> connections.
Source IP address is assigned according to the netmask.

subdstpr <IP> <Netmask> Matches the Destination IP address and protocol of

<Protocol> connections.
Destination IP address is assigned according to the
netmask.

generic <key=val>+ Matches the GTP connections based on the specified

keys and provided values.
Multiple keys are separated by the plus sign (+).
Available keys are:
n service=gtp
n imsi
n msisdn
n apn
n tunl_dst
n tunl_dport
n tunl_proto

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 fw sam_policy

fw sam_policy
Description
Manages the Suspicious Activity Policy editor that works with these types of rules:
n Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) rules.
See sk112061: How to create and view Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) Rules.
n Rate Limiting rules.
See sk112454: How to configure Rate Limiting rules for DoS Mitigation.
Also, see these commands:
n "fw sam" on page 619
n "sam_alert" on page 708
Notes:
n These commands are interchangeable:
l For IPv4: "fw sam_policy" and "fw samp".

l For IPv6: "fw6 sam_policy" and "fw6 samp".

n You can run these commands in Gaia Clish, or Expert mode.

n Security Gateway stores the SAM Policy rules in the $FWDIR/database/sam_
policy.db file.
n Security Gateway stores the SAM Policy management settings in the
$FWDIR/database/sam_policy.mng file.

Important:
n Configuration you make with these commands, survives reboot.
n VSX mode does not support Suspicious Activity Policy configured in SmartView
Monitor. See sk79700.
n In VSX mode, you must go to the context of an applicable Virtual System.
l In Gaia Clish, run: set virtual-system <VSID>

l In the Expert mode, run: vsenv <VSID>

n In a Cluster, you must configure all the Cluster Members in the same way.

Best Practice - The SAM Policy rules consume some CPU resources on Security
Gateway. Set an expiration for rules that gives you time to investigate, but does not
affect performance. Keep only the required SAM Policy rules. If you confirm that an
activity is risky, edit the Security Policy, educate users, or otherwise handle the risk.

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 fw sam_policy

Syntax for IPv4

fw [-d] sam_policy
      add <options>
      batch
      del <options>
      get <options>

fw [-d] samp
      add <options>
      batch
      del <options>
      get <options>

Syntax for IPv6

fw6 [-d] sam_policy

      add <options>
      batch
      del <options>
      get <options>

fw6 [-d] samp

      add <options>
      batch
      del <options>
      get <options>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter,
then redirect the output to a file, or use the
script command to save the entire CLI
session.

add <options> Adds one Rate Limiting rule one at a time.

See "fw sam_policy add" on page 627.

batch Adds or deletes many Rate Limiting rules at a time.

See "fw sam_policy batch" on page 639.

del <options> Deletes one configured Rate Limiting rule one at a time.
See "fw sam_policy del" on page 641.

get <options> Shows all the configured Rate Limiting rules.

See "fw sam_policy get" on page 644.

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 fw sam_policy add

fw sam_policy add

Description
The "fw sam_policy add" and "fw6 sam_policy add" commands:
n Add one Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) rule at a time.
n Add one Rate Limiting rule at a time.
Notes:
n These commands are interchangeable:
l For IPv4: "fw sam_policy" and "fw samp".

l For IPv6: "fw6 sam_policy" and "fw6 samp".

n You can run these commands in Gaia Clish, or Expert mode.

n Security Gateway stores the SAM Policy rules in the $FWDIR/database/sam_
policy.db file.
n Security Gateway stores the SAM Policy management settings in the
$FWDIR/database/sam_policy.mng file.

Important:
n Configuration you make with these commands, survives reboot.
n VSX mode does not support Suspicious Activity Policy configured in SmartView
Monitor. See sk79700.
n In VSX mode, you must go to the context of an applicable Virtual System.
l In Gaia Clish, run: set virtual-system <VSID>

l In the Expert mode, run: vsenv <VSID>

n In a Cluster, you must configure all the Cluster Members in the same way.

Best Practice - The SAM Policy rules consume some CPU resources on Security
Gateway. Set an expiration for rules that gives you time to investigate, but does not
affect performance. Keep only the required SAM Policy rules. If you confirm that an
activity is risky, edit the Security Policy, educate users, or otherwise handle the risk.

Syntax to configure a Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) rule for IPv4

fw [-d] sam_policy add [-u] -a {d|n|b} [-l {r|a}] [-t <Timeout>] [-f
<Target>] [-n <"Rule Name">] [-c <"Rule Comment">] [-o <"Rule Originator">]
[-z "<Zone>"] ip <IP Filter Arguments>

Syntax to configure a Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) rule for IPv6

fw6 [-d] sam_policy add [-u] -a {d|n|b} [-l {r|a}] [-t <Timeout>] [-f
<Target>] [-n <"Rule Name">] [-c <"Rule Comment">] [-o <"Rule Originator">]
[-z "<Zone>"] ip <IP Filter Arguments>

Syntax to configure a Rate Limiting rule for IPv4

fw [-d] sam_policy add [-u] -a {d|n|b} [-l {r|a}] [-t <Timeout>] [-f
<Target>] [-n <"Rule Name">] [-c <"Rule Comment">] [-o <"Rule Originator">]
[-z "<Zone>"] quota <Quota Filter Arguments>

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 fw sam_policy add

Syntax to configure a Rate Limiting rule for IPv6

fw6 [-d] sam_policy add [-u] -a {d|n|b} [-l {r|a}] [-t <Timeout>] [-f
<Target>] [-n <"Rule Name">] [-c <"Rule Comment">] [-o <"Rule Originator">]
[-z "<Zone>"] quota <Quota Filter Arguments

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a file,
or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-u Optional.
Specifies that the rule category is User-defined.
Default rule category is Auto.

-a {d | n | Mandatory.
b} Specifies the rule action if the traffic matches the rule conditions:
n d - Drop the connection.
n n - Notify (generate a log) about the connection and let it through.
n b - Bypass the connection - let it through without checking it against the policy
rules.
Note - Rules with action set to Bypass cannot have a log or limit specification.
Bypassed packets and connections do not count towards overall number of
packets and connection for limit enforcement of type ratio.

-l {r | a} Optional.
Specifies which type of log to generate for this rule for all traffic that matches:
n -r - Generate a regular log
n -a - Generate an alert log

-t <Timeout> Optional.
Specifies the time period (in seconds), during which the rule will be enforced.
Default timeout is indefinite.

-f <Target> Optional.
Specifies the target Security Gateways, on which to enforce the Rate Limiting rule.
<Target> can be one of these:
n all - This is the default option. Specifies that the rule should be enforced on
all managed Security Gateways.
n Name of the Security Gateway or Cluster object - Specifies that the rule should
be enforced only on this Security Gateway or Cluster object (the object name
must be as defined in the SmartConsole).
n Name of the Group object - Specifies that the rule should be enforced on all
Security Gateways that are members of this Group object (the object name
must be as defined in the SmartConsole).

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 fw sam_policy add

Parameter Description

-n "<Rule Optional.
Name>" Specifies the name (label) for this rule.
Notes:
n You must enclose this string in double quotes.
n The length of this string is limited to 128 characters.
n Before each space or a backslash character in this string, you must write a
backslash (\) character. Example:
"This\ is\ a\ rule\ name\ with\ a\ backslash\ \\"

-c "<Rule Optional.
Comment>" Specifies the comment for this rule.
Notes:
n You must enclose this string in double quotes.
n The length of this string is limited to 128 characters.
n Before each space or a backslash character in this string, you must write a
backslash (\) character. Example:
"This\ is\ a\ comment\ with\ a\ backslash\ \\"

-o "<Rule Optional.
Originator>" Specifies the name of the originator for this rule.
Notes:
n You must enclose this string in double quotes.
n The length of this string is limited to 128 characters.
n Before each space or a backslash character in this string, you must write a
backslash (\) character. Example:
"Created\ by\ John\ Doe"

-z "<Zone>" Optional.
Specifies the name of the Security Zone for this rule.
Notes:
n You must enclose this string in double quotes.
n The length of this string is limited to 128 characters.

ip <IP Mandatory (use this ip parameter, or the quota parameter).

Filter Configures the Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) rule.
Arguments> Specifies the IP Filter Arguments for the SAM rule (you must use at least one of these
options):
[-C] [-s <Source IP>] [-m <Source Mask>] [-d <Destination
IP>] [-M <Destination Mask>] [-p <Port>] [-r <Protocol>]
See the explanations below.

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 fw sam_policy add

Parameter Description

quota <Quota Mandatory (use this quota parameter, or the ip parameter).

Filter Configures the Rate Limiting rule.
Arguments> Specifies the Quota Filter Arguments for the Rate Limiting rule (see the explanations
below):
n [flush true]
n [source-negated {true | false}] source <Source>
n [destination-negated {true | false}] destination
<Destination>
n [service-negated {true | false}] service <Protocol and
Port numbers>
n [<Limit1 Name> <Limit1 Value>] [<Limit2 Name> <Limit2
Value>] ...[<LimitN Name> <LimitN Value>]
n [track <Track>]

Important:
n The Quota rules are not applied immediately to the Security
Gateway. They are only registered in the Suspicious Activity
Monitoring (SAM) policy database. To apply all the rules from the
SAM policy database immediately, add "flush true" in the fw
samp add command syntax.
n Explanation:
For new connections rate (and for any rate limiting in general), when
a rule's limit is violated, the Security Gateway also drops all packets
that match the rule.
The Security Gateway computes new connection rates on a per-
second basis.
At the start of the 1-second timer, the Security Gateway allows all
packets, including packets for existing connections.
If, at some point, during that 1 second period, there are too many
new connections, then the Security Gateway blocks all remaining
packets for the remainder of that 1-second interval.
At the start of the next 1-second interval, the counters are reset, and
the process starts over - the Security Gateway allows packets to
pass again up to the point, where the rule’s limit is violated.

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 fw sam_policy add

Explanation for the IP Filter Arguments syntax for Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) rules

Argument Description

-C Specifies that open connections should be closed.

-s <Source IP> Specifies the Source IP address.

-m <Source Mask> Specifies the Source subnet mask (in dotted decimal format - x.y.z.w).

-d <Destination IP> Specifies the Destination IP address.

-M <Destination Specifies the Destination subnet mask (in dotted decimal format - x.y.z.w).
Mask>

-p <Port> Specifies the port number (see IANA Service Name and Port Number
Registry).

-r <Protocol> Specifies the protocol number (see IANA Protocol Numbers).

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 fw sam_policy add

Explanation for the Quota Filter Arguments syntax for Rate Limiting rules

Argument Description

flush true Specifies to compile and load the quota rule to the
SecureXL immediately.

[source-negated {true | false}] Specifies the source type and its value:
source <Source>
n any
The rule is applied to packets sent from all sources.
n range:<IP Address>
or
range:<IP Address Start>-<IP Address
End>
The rule is applied to packets sent from:
l Specified IPv4 addresses (x.y.z.w)

l Specified IPv6 addresses

(xxxx:yyyy:...:zzzz)
n cidr:<IP Address>/<Prefix>
The rule is applied to packets sent from:
l IPv4 address with Prefix from 0 to 32

l IPv6 address with Prefix from 0 to 128

n cc:<Country Code>
The rule matches the country code to the source IP
addresses assigned to this country, based on the
Geo IP database.
The two-letter codes are defined in ISO 3166-1
alpha-2.
n asn:<Autonomous System Number>
The rule matches the AS number of the
organization to the source IP addresses that are
assigned to this organization, based on the Geo IP
database.
The valid syntax is ASnnnn, where nnnn is a
number unique to the specific organization.
Notes:
n Default is: source-negated false
n The source-negated true processes all
source types, except the specified type.

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 fw sam_policy add

Argument Description

[destination-negated {true | Specifies the destination type and its value:

false}] destination
<Destination>
n any
The rule is applied to packets sent to all
destinations.
n range:<IP Address>
or
range:<IP Address Start>-<IP Address
End>
The rule is applied to packets sent to:
l Specified IPv4 addresses (x.y.z.w)

l Specified IPv6 addresses

(xxxx:yyyy:...:zzzz)
n cidr:<IP Address>/<Prefix>
The rule is applied to packets sent to:
l IPv4 address with Prefix from 0 to 32

l IPv6 address with Prefix from 0 to 128

n cc:<Country Code>
The rule matches the country code to the
destination IP addresses assigned to this country,
based on the Geo IP database.
The two-letter codes are defined in ISO 3166-1
alpha-2.
n asn:<Autonomous System Number>
The rule matches the AS number of the
organization to the destination IP addresses that
are assigned to this organization, based on the Geo
IP database.
The valid syntax is ASnnnn, where nnnn is a
number unique to the specific organization.
Notes:
n Default is: destination-negated false
n The destination-negated true will process
all destination types except the specified type

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 fw sam_policy add

Argument Description

[service-negated {true | Specifies the Protocol number (see IANA Protocol

false}] service <Protocol and Numbers) and Port number (see IANA Service Name and
Port numbers> Port Number Registry):
n <Protocol>
IP protocol number in the range 1-255
n <Protocol Start>-<Protocol End>
Range of IP protocol numbers
n <Protocol>/<Port>
IP protocol number in the range 1-255 and
TCP/UDP port number in the range 1-65535
n <Protocol>/<Port Start>-<Port End>
IP protocol number and range of TCP/UDP port
numbers from 1 to 65535
Notes:
n Default is: service-negated false
n The service-negated true will process all
traffic except the traffic with the specified protocols
and ports

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 fw sam_policy add

Argument Description

[<Limit 1 Name> <Limit 1 Specifies quota limits and their values.

Value>] [<Limit 2 Name> <Limit Note - Separate multiple quota limits with spaces.
2 Value>] ... [<Limit N Name>
<Limit N Value>] n concurrent-conns <Value>
Specifies the maximal number of concurrent active
connections that match this rule.
n concurrent-conns-ratio <Value>
Specifies the maximal ratio of the concurrent-conns
value to the total number of active connections
through the Security Gateway, expressed in parts
per 65536 (formula: N / 65536).
n pkt-rate <Value>
Specifies the maximum number of packets per
second that match this rule.
n pkt-rate-ratio <Value>
Specifies the maximal ratio of the pkt-rate value to
the rate of all connections through the Security
Gateway, expressed in parts per 65536 (formula: N
/ 65536).
n byte-rate <Value>
Specifies the maximal total number of bytes per
second in packets that match this rule.
n byte-rate-ratio <Value>
Specifies the maximal ratio of the byte-rate value to
the bytes per second rate of all connections
through the Security Gateway, expressed in parts
per 65536 (formula: N / 65536).
n new-conn-rate <Value>
Specifies the maximal number of connections per
second that match the rule.
n new-conn-rate-ratio <Value>
Specifies the maximal ratio of the new-conn-rate
value to the rate of all connections per second
through the Security Gateway, expressed in parts
per 65536 (formula: N / 65536).

[track <Track>] Specifies the tracking option:

n source
Counts connections, packets, and bytes for specific
source IP address, and not cumulatively for this
rule.
n source-service
Counts connections, packets, and bytes for specific
source IP address, and for specific IP protocol and
destination port, and not cumulatively for this rule.

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 fw sam_policy add

Examples
Example 1 - Rate Limiting rule with a range
fw sam_policy add -a d -l r -t 3600 quota service any source range:172.16.7.11-172.16.7.13 new-conn-rate 5 flush true

Explanations:
n This rule drops packets for all connections (-a d) that exceed the quota set by this rule, including
packets for existing connections.
n This rule logs packets (-l r) that exceed the quota set by this rule.
n This rule will expire in 3600 seconds (-t 3600).
n This rule limits the rate of creation of new connections to 5 connections per second (new-conn-
rate 5) for any traffic (service any) from the source IP addresses in the range 172.16.7.11 -
172.16.7.13 (source range:172.16.7.11-172.16.7.13).
Note - The limit of the total number of log entries per second is configured with the fwaccel dos
config set -n <rate> command.
n This rule will be compiled and loaded on the SecureXL, together with other rules in the Suspicious
Activity Monitoring (SAM) policy database immediately, because this rule includes the "flush
true" parameter.

Example 2 - Rate Limiting rule with a service specification

fw sam_policy add -a n -l r quota service 1,50-51,6/443,17/53 service-negated true source cc:QQ byte-rate 0

Explanations:
n This rule logs and lets through all packets (-a n) that exceed the quota set by this rule.
n This rule does not expire (the timeout parameter is not specified). To cancel it, you must delete it
explicitly.
n This rule applies to all packets except (service-negated true) the packets with IP protocol
number 1, 50-51, 6 port 443 and 17 port 53 (service 1,50-51,6/443,17/53).
n This rule applies to all packets from source IP addresses that are assigned to the country with
specified country code (cc:QQ).
n This rule does not let any traffic through (byte-rate 0) except the packets with IP protocol
number 1, 50-51, 6 port 443 and 17 port 53.
n This rule will not be compiled and installed on the SecureXL immediately, because it does not
include the "flush true" parameter.

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 fw sam_policy add

Example 3 - Rate Limiting rule with ASN

fw sam_policy -a d quota source asn:AS64500,cidr:[::FFFF:C0A8:1100]/120 service any pkt-rate 0

Explanations:
n This rule drops (-a d) all packets that match this rule.
n This rule does not expire (the timeout parameter is not specified). To cancel it, you must delete it
explicitly.
n This rule applies to packets from the Autonomous System number 64500 (asn:AS64500).
n This rule applies to packets from source IPv6 addresses FFFF:C0A8:1100/120 (cidr:
[::FFFF:C0A8:1100]/120).
n This rule applies to all traffic (service any).
n This rule does not let any traffic through (pkt-rate 0).
n This rule will not be compiled and installed on the SecureXL immediately, because it does not
include the "flush true" parameter.

Example 4 - Rate Limiting rule with an Allow List

fw sam_policy add -a b quota source range:172.16.8.17-172.16.9.121 service 6/80

Explanations:
n This rule bypasses (-a b) all packets that match this rule.
Note - The Access Control Policy and other types of security policy rules still apply.
n This rule does not expire (the timeout parameter is not specified). To cancel it, you must delete it
explicitly.
n This rule applies to packets from the source IP addresses in the range 172.16.8.17 - 172.16.9.121
(range:172.16.8.17-172.16.9.121).
n This rule applies to packets sent to TCP port 80 (service 6/80).
n This rule will not be compiled and installed on the SecureXL immediately, because it does not
include the "flush true" parameter.

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 fw sam_policy add

Example 5 - Rate Limiting rule with tracking

fw sam_policy add -a d quota service any source-negated true source cc:QQ concurrent-conns-ratio 655 track source

Explanations:
n This rule drops (-a d) all packets that match this rule.
n This rule does not log any packets (the -l r parameter is not specified).
n This rule does not expire (the timeout parameter is not specified). To cancel it, you must delete it
explicitly.
n This rule applies to all traffic (service any).
n This rule applies to all sources except (source-negated true) the source IP addresses that
are assigned to the country with specified country code (cc:QQ).
n This rule limits the maximal number of concurrent active connections to 655/65536=~1%
(concurrent-conns-ratio 655) for any traffic (service any) except (service-negated
true) the connections from the source IP addresses that are assigned to the country with
specified country code (cc:QQ).
n This rule counts connections, packets, and bytes for traffic only from sources that match this rule,
and not cumulatively for this rule.
n This rule will not be compiled and installed on the SecureXL immediately, because it does not
include the "flush true" parameter.

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 fw sam_policy batch

fw sam_policy batch

Description
The "fw sam_policy batch" and "fw6 sam_policy batch" commands:
n Add and delete many Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) rules at a time.
n Add and delete many Rate Limiting rules at a time.
Notes:
n These commands are interchangeable:
l For IPv4: "fw sam_policy" and "fw samp".

l For IPv6: "fw6 sam_policy" and "fw6 samp".

n You can run these commands in Gaia Clish, or Expert mode.

n Security Gateway stores the SAM Policy rules in the $FWDIR/database/sam_
policy.db file.
n Security Gateway stores the SAM Policy management settings in the
$FWDIR/database/sam_policy.mng file.

Important:
n Configuration you make with these commands, survives reboot.
n VSX mode does not support Suspicious Activity Policy configured in SmartView
Monitor. See sk79700.
n In VSX mode, you must go to the context of an applicable Virtual System.
l In Gaia Clish, run: set virtual-system <VSID>

l In the Expert mode, run: vsenv <VSID>

n In a Cluster, you must configure all the Cluster Members in the same way.

Best Practice - The SAM Policy rules consume some CPU resources on Security
Gateway. Set an expiration for rules that gives you time to investigate, but does not
affect performance. Keep only the required SAM Policy rules. If you confirm that an
activity is risky, edit the Security Policy, educate users, or otherwise handle the risk.

Procedure
1. Start the batch mode

n For IPv4, run:

fw sam_policy batch << EOF

n For IPv6, run:

fw6 sam_policy batch << EOF

2. Enter the applicable commands

n Enter one "add" or "del" command on each line, on as many lines as necessary.
Start each line with only "add" or "del" parameter (not with "fw samp").

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 fw sam_policy batch

n Use the same set of parameters and values as described in these commands:
l "fw sam_policy add" on page 627
l "fw sam_policy del" on page 641
n Terminate each line with a Return (ASCII 10 - Line Feed) character (press Enter).

3. End the batch mode

Type EOF and press Enter.

Example of a Rate Limiting rule for IPv4

[Expert@HostName]# fw samp batch <<EOF

add -a d -l r -t 3600 -c "Limit\ conn\ rate\ to\ 5\ conn/sec from\ these\ sources" quota service any source
range:172.16.7.13-172.16.7.13 new-conn-rate 5

del <501f6ef0,00000000,cb38a8c0,0a0afffe>

add -a b quota source range:172.16.8.17-172.16.9.121 service 6/80

EOF
[Expert@HostName]#

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 fw sam_policy del

fw sam_policy del

Description
The "fw sam_policy del" and "fw6 sam_policy del" commands:
n Delete one configured Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) rule at a time.
n Delete one configured Rate Limiting rule at a time.
Notes:
n These commands are interchangeable:
l For IPv4: "fw sam_policy" and "fw samp".

l For IPv6: "fw6 sam_policy" and "fw6 samp".

n You can run these commands in Gaia Clish, or Expert mode.

n Security Gateway stores the SAM Policy rules in the $FWDIR/database/sam_
policy.db file.
n Security Gateway stores the SAM Policy management settings in the
$FWDIR/database/sam_policy.mng file.

Important:
n Configuration you make with these commands, survives reboot.
n VSX mode does not support Suspicious Activity Policy configured in SmartView
Monitor. See sk79700.
n In VSX mode, you must go to the context of an applicable Virtual System.
l In Gaia Clish, run: set virtual-system <VSID>

l In the Expert mode, run: vsenv <VSID>

n In a Cluster, you must configure all the Cluster Members in the same way.

Best Practice - The SAM Policy rules consume some CPU resources on Security
Gateway. Set an expiration for rules that gives you time to investigate, but does not
affect performance. Keep only the required SAM Policy rules. If you confirm that an
activity is risky, edit the Security Policy, educate users, or otherwise handle the risk.

Syntax for IPv4

fw [-d] sam_policy del '<Rule UID>'

Syntax for IPv6

fw6 [-d] sam_policy del '<Rule UID>'

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 fw sam_policy del

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this
parameter, then redirect the output to
a file, or use the script command to
save the entire CLI session.

'<Rule UID>' Specifies the UID of the rule you wish to delete.
Important:
n The quote marks and angle
brackets ('<...>') are
mandatory.
n To see the Rule UID, run the
"fw sam_policy get" on
page 644 command.

Procedure
1. List all the existing rules in the Suspicious Activity Monitoring policy database

List all the existing rules in the Suspicious Activity Monitoring policy database.
n For IPv4, run:

fw sam_policy get

n For IPv6, run:

fw6 sam_policy get

The rules show in this format:

operation=add uid=<Value1,Value2,Value3,Value4> target=...

timeout=... action=... log= ... name= ... comment=... originator=
... src_ip_addr=... req_tpe=...

Example for IPv4:

operation=add uid=<5ac3965f,00000000,3403a8c0,0000264a> target=all

timeout=300 action=notify log=log name=Test\ Rule comment=Notify\
about\ traffic\ from\ 1.1.1.1 originator=John\ Doe src_ip_
addr=1.1.1.1 req_tpe=ip

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 fw sam_policy del

2. Delete a rule from the list by its UID

n For IPv4, run:

fw [-d] sam_policy del '<Rule UID>'

n For IPv6, run:

fw6 [-d] sam_policy del '<Rule UID>'

Example for IPv4:

fw samp del '<5ac3965f,00000000,3403a8c0,0000264a>'

3. Add the flush-only rule

n For IPv4, run:

fw samp add -t 2 quota flush true

n For IPv6, run:

fw6 samp add -t 2 quota flush true

Explanation:
The "fw samp del" and "fw6 samp del" commands only remove a rule from the persistent
database. The Security Gateway continues to enforce the deleted rule until the next time you
compiled and load a policy. To force the rule deletion immediately, you must enter a flush-only rule
right after the "fw samp del" and "fw6 samp del" command. This flush-only rule immediately
deletes the rule you specified in the previous step, and times out in 2 seconds.

Best Practice - Specify a short timeout period for the flush-only rules. This
prevents accumulation of rules that are obsolete in the database.

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 fw sam_policy get

fw sam_policy get

Description
The "fw sam_policy get" and "fw6 sam_policy get" commands:
n Show all the configured Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) rules.
n Show all the configured Rate Limiting rules.
Notes:
n These commands are interchangeable:
l For IPv4: "fw sam_policy" and "fw samp".

l For IPv6: "fw6 sam_policy" and "fw6 samp".

n You can run these commands in Gaia Clish, or Expert mode.

n Security Gateway stores the SAM Policy rules in the $FWDIR/database/sam_
policy.db file.
n Security Gateway stores the SAM Policy management settings in the
$FWDIR/database/sam_policy.mng file.

Important:
n Configuration you make with these commands, survives reboot.
n VSX mode does not support Suspicious Activity Policy configured in SmartView
Monitor. See sk79700.
n In VSX mode, you must go to the context of an applicable Virtual System.
l In Gaia Clish, run: set virtual-system <VSID>

l In the Expert mode, run: vsenv <VSID>

n In a Cluster, you must configure all the Cluster Members in the same way.

Best Practice - The SAM Policy rules consume some CPU resources on Security
Gateway. Set an expiration for rules that gives you time to investigate, but does not
affect performance. Keep only the required SAM Policy rules. If you confirm that an
activity is risky, edit the Security Policy, educate users, or otherwise handle the risk.

Syntax for IPv4

fw [-d] sam_policy get [-l] [-u '<Rule UID>'] [-k '<Key>' -t <Type> [+{-v
'<Value>'}] [-n]]

Syntax for IPv6

fw6 [-d] sam_policy get [-l] [-u '<Rule UID>'] [-k '<Key>' -t <Type> [+{-v
'<Value>'}] [-n]]

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 fw sam_policy get

Parameters
Note - All these parameters are optional.

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

-l Controls how to print the rules:

n In the default format (without "-l"), the output shows each rule on a
separate line.
n In the list format (with "-l"), the output shows each parameter of a rule on a
separate line.
n See "fw sam_policy add" on page 627.

-u '<Rule Prints the rule specified by its Rule UID or its zero-based rule index.
UID>' The quote marks and angle brackets ('<...>') are mandatory.

-k '<Key>' Prints the rules with the specified predicate key.

The quote marks are mandatory.

-t <Type> Prints the rules with the specified predicate type.

For Rate Limiting rules, you must always use "-t in".

+{-v Prints the rules with the specified predicate values.

'<Value>'} The quote marks are mandatory.

-n Negates the condition specified by these predicate parameters:

n -k
n -t
n +-v

Examples
Example 1 - Output in the default format
[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp get

operation=add uid=<5ac3965f,00000000,3403a8c0,0000264a> target=all timeout=300 action=notify log=log

name=Test\ Rule comment=Notify\ about\ traffic\ from\ 1.1.1.1 originator=John\ Doe src_ip_addr=1.1.1.1
req_tpe=ip

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 fw sam_policy get

Example 2 - Output in the list format

[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp get -l

uid
<5ac3965f,00000000,3403a8c0,0000264a>
target
all
timeout
2147483647
action
notify
log
log
name
Test\ Rule
comment
Notify\ about\ traffic\ from\ 1.1.1.1
originator
John\ Doe
src_ip_addr
1.1.1.1
req_type
ip

Example 3 - Printing a rule by its Rule UID

[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp get -u '<5ac3965f,00000000,3403a8c0,0000264a>'
0
operation=add uid=<5ac3965f,00000000,3403a8c0,0000264a> target=all timeout=300 action=notify log=log
name=Test\ Rule comment=Notify\ about\ traffic\ from\ 1.1.1.1 originator=John\ Doe src_ip_addr=1.1.1.1
req_tpe=ip

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 fw sam_policy get

Example 4 - Printing rules that match the specified filters

[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp get
no corresponding SAM policy requests
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp add -a d -l r -t 3600 quota service any source range:172.16.7.11-172.16.7.13
new-conn-rate 5 flush true
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp add -a n -l r quota service 1,50-51,6/443,17/53 service-negated true source
cc:QQ byte-rate 0
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp add -a b quota source range:172.16.8.17-172.16.9.121 service 6/80
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp add -a d quota service any source-negated true source cc:QQ concurrent-conns-
ratio 655 track source
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp get
operation=add uid=<5bab3acf,00000000,3503a8c0,00003ddc> target=all timeout=indefinite action=drop
service=any source-negated=true source=cc:QQ concurrent-conns-ratio=655 track=source req_type=quota
operation=add uid=<5bab3ac6,00000000,3503a8c0,00003dbf> target=all timeout=3586 action=drop log=log
service=any source=range:172.16.7.11-172.16.7.13 new-conn-rate=5 flush=true req_type=quota
operation=add uid=<5bab3acc,00000000,3503a8c0,00003dd7> target=all timeout=indefinite action=bypass
source=range:172.16.8.17-172.16.9.121 service=6/80 req_type=quota
operation=add uid=<5bab3ac9,00000000,3503a8c0,00003dd5> target=all timeout=indefinite action=notify
log=log service=1,50-51,6/443,17/53 service-negated=true source=cc:QQ byte-rate=0 req_type=quota
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp get -k 'service' -t in -v '6/80'
operation=add uid=<5bab3acc,00000000,3503a8c0,00003dd7> target=all timeout=indefinite action=bypass
source=range:172.16.8.17-172.16.9.121 service=6/80 req_type=quota
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp get -k 'service-negated' -t in -v 'true'
operation=add uid=<5bab3ac9,00000000,3503a8c0,00003dd5> target=all timeout=indefinite action=notify
log=log service=1,50-51,6/443,17/53 service-negated=true source=cc:QQ byte-rate=0 req_type=quota
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp get -k 'source' -t in -v 'cc:QQ'
operation=add uid=<5bab3acf,00000000,3503a8c0,00003ddc> target=all timeout=indefinite action=drop
service=any source-negated=true source=cc:QQ concurrent-conns-ratio=655 track=source req_type=quota
operation=add uid=<5bab3ac9,00000000,3503a8c0,00003dd5> target=all timeout=indefinite action=notify
log=log service=1,50-51,6/443,17/53 service-negated=true source=cc:QQ byte-rate=0 req_type=quota
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp get -k source -t in -v 'cc:QQ' -n
operation=add uid=<5bab3ac6,00000000,3503a8c0,00003dbf> target=all timeout=3291 action=drop log=log
service=any source=range:172.16.7.11-172.16.7.13 new-conn-rate=5 flush=true req_type=quota
operation=add uid=<5bab3acc,00000000,3503a8c0,00003dd7> target=all timeout=indefinite action=bypass
source=range:172.16.8.17-172.16.9.121 service=6/80 req_type=quota
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp get -k 'source-negated' -t in -v 'true'
operation=add uid=<5baa94e0,00000000,860318ac,00003016> target=all timeout=indefinite action=drop
service=any source-negated=true source=cc:QQ concurrent-conns-ratio=655 track=source req_type=quota
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp get -k 'byte-rate' -t in -v '0'
operation=add uid=<5baa9431,00000000,860318ac,00002efd> target=all timeout=indefinite action=notify
log=log service=1,50-51,6/443,17/53 service-negated=true source=cc:QQ byte-rate=0 req_type=quota
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp get -k 'flush' -t in -v 'true'
operation=add uid=<5baa9422,00000000,860318ac,00002eea> target=all timeout=2841 action=drop log=log
service=any source=range:172.16.7.11-172.16.7.13 new-conn-rate=5 flush=true req_type=quota
[Expert@HostName:0]#
[Expert@HostName:0]# fw samp get -k 'concurrent-conns-ratio' -t in -v '655'
operation=add uid=<5baa94e0,00000000,860318ac,00003016> target=all timeout=indefinite action=drop
service=any source-negated=true source=cc:QQ concurrent-conns-ratio=655 track=source req_type=quota
[Expert@HostName:0]#

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 fwm

fwm
Description
Performs various management operations and shows various management information.
Notes:
n For debug instructions, see the description of the fwm process in sk97638.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run these commands in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server.

Syntax

fwm [-d]
      dbload <options>
      exportcert <options>
      fetchfile <options>
      fingerprint <options>
      getpcap <options>
      ikecrypt <options>
      load [<options>]
      logexport <options>
      mds <options>
      printcert <options>
      sic_reset
      snmp_trap <options>
      unload [<options>]
      ver [<options>]
      verify <options>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

dbload Downloads the user database and network objects information to the specified
<options> targets
See "fwm dbload" on page 650.

exportcert Export a SIC certificate of the specified object to file.

<options> See "fwm exportcert" on page 651.

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 fwm

Parameter Description

fetchfile Fetches a specified OPSEC configuration file from the specified source
<options> computer.
See "fwm fetchfile" on page 652.

fingerprint Shows the Check Point fingerprint.

<options> See "fwm fingerprint" on page 653.

getpcap Fetches the IPS packet capture data from the specified Security Gateway.
<options> See "fwm getpcap" on page 655.

ikecrypt Encrypts a secret with a key.

<options> See "fwm ikecrypt" on page 656.

load <options> This command is obsolete for R80 and higher.

Use the "mgmt_cli" on page 694 command to load a policy to a managed
Security Gateway.
See "fwm load" on page 657.

logexport Exports a Security log file ($FWDIR/log/*.log) or Audit log file

<options> ($FWDIR/log/*.adtlog) to an ASCII file.
See "fwm logexport" on page 658.

mds <options> Shows information and performs various operations on Multi-Domain Server.
See "fwm mds" on page 663.

printcert Shows a SIC certificate's details.

<options> See "fwm printcert" on page 664.

sic_reset Resets SIC on the Management Server.

See "fwm sic_reset" on page 668.

snmp_trap Sends an SNMP Trap to the specified host.

<options> See "fwm snmp_trap" on page 669.

unload Unloads the policy from the specified managed Security Gateways.
<options> See "fwm unload" on page 671.

ver <options> Shows the Check Point version of the Management Server.
See "fwm ver" on page 674.

verify This command is obsolete for R80 and higher.

<options> Use the "mgmt_cli" on page 694 command to verify a policy.
See "fwm verify" on page 675.

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 fwm dbload

fwm dbload
Description
Downloads the user database and network objects information to the specified Security Gateways.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

fwm [-d] dbload

      -a
      -c <Configuration File>
      <GW1> <GW2> ... <GWN>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

For complete debug instructions, see the description of the fwm process in
sk97638.

-a Executes commands on all targets specified in the default system configuration

file - $FWDIR/conf/sys.conf.
Note - You must manually create this file.

-c Specifies the OPSEC configuration file to use.

<Configuration Note - You must manually create this file.
File>

<GW1> <GW2> ... Executes commands on the specified Security Gateways.

<GWN> Notes:
n Enter the main IP address or Name of the Security Gateway
object as configured in SmartConsole.
n If you do not explicitly specify the Security Gateway, the
database is downloaded to localhost.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      650

 fwm exportcert

fwm exportcert
Description
Export a SIC certificate of the specified managed object to a file.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

fwm [-d] exportcert -obj <Name of Object> -cert <Name of CA> -file <Output
File> [-withroot] [-pem]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

For complete debug instructions, see the description of the fwm process in
sk97638.

<Name of Specifies the name of the managed object, whose certificate you wish to export.
Object>

<Name of CA> Specifies the name of Certificate Authority, whose certificate you wish to export.

<Output File> Specifies the name of the output file.

-withroot Exports the certificate's root in addition to the certificate's content.

-pem Save the exported information in a text file.

Default is to save in a binary file.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      651

 fwm fetchfile

fwm fetchfile
Description
Fetches a specified OPSEC configuration file from the specified source computer.
This command supports only the fwopsec.conf or fwopsec.v4x files.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

fwm [-d] fetchfile -r <File> [-d <Local Path>] <Source>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output
to a file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI
session.

-r <File> Specifies the relative fw1 directory.

This command supports only these files:
n conf/fwopsec.conf
n conf/fwopsec.v4x

-d <Local Path> Specifies the local directory to save the fetched file.

<Source> Specifies the managed remote source computer, from which to fetch the file.

Note - The local and the remote source computers must have
established SIC trust.

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fwm fetchfile -r "conf/fwopsec.conf" -d /tmp 192.168.3.52

Fetching conf/fwopsec.conf from 192.168.3.52...
Done
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      652

 fwm fingerprint

fwm fingerprint
Description
Shows the Check Point fingerprint.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

fwm [-d] fingerprint [-d]

      <IP address of Target> <SSL Port>
      localhost <SSL Port>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output
to a file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI
session.
The debug options are:
n fwm -d
Runs the complete debug of all fwm actions.
For complete debug instructions, see the description of the fwm
process in sk97638.
n fingerprint -d
Runs the debug only for the fingerprint actions.

<IP address of Specifies the IP address of a remote managed computer.

Target>

<SSL Port> Specifies the SSL port number.

The default is 443.

Example 1 - Showing the fingerprint on the local Management Server

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fwm fingerprint localhost 443

#DN OID.1.2.840.113549.1.9.2=An optional company name,Email=Email Address,CN=192.168.3.51,L=Locality Name
(eg\, city)
#FINGER 11:A6:F7:1F:B9:F5:15:BC:F9:7B:5F:DC:28:FC:33:C5
##
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 fwm fingerprint

Example 2 - Showing the fingerprint from a managed Security Gateway

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fwm fingerprint 192.168.3.52 443

#DN OID.1.2.840.113549.1.9.2=An optional company name,Email=Email Address,CN=192.168.3.52,L=Locality Name
(eg\, city)
#FINGER 5C:8E:4D:B9:B4:3A:58:F3:79:18:F1:70:99:8B:5F:2B
##
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 fwm getpcap

fwm getpcap
Description
Fetches the IPS packet capture data from the specified Security Gateway.
This command only works with IPS packet captures stored on the Security Gateway in the
$FWDIR/log/captures_repository/ directory.
This command does not work with other Software Blades, such as Anti-Bot and Anti-Virus that store packet
captures in the $FWDIR/log/blob/ directory on the Security Gateway.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

fwm [-d] getpcap -g <Security Gateway> -u '{<Capture UID>}' -p <Local Path>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

For complete debug instructions, see the description of the fwm process in
sk97638.

-g <Security Specifies the main IP address or Name of Security Gateway object as configured in
Gateway> SmartConsole.

-u '{<Capture Specifies the Unique ID of the packet capture file.

UID>}' To see the Unique ID of the packet capture file, open the applicable log file in
SmartConsole > Logs & Monitor > Logs.

-p <Local Specifies the local path to save the specified packet capture file.
Path> If you do not specify the local directory explicitly, the command saves the packet
capture file in the current working directory.

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fwm getpcap -g 192.168.162.1 -u '{0x4d79dc02,0x10000,0x220da8c0,0x1ffff}' /var/log/

[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 fwm ikecrypt

fwm ikecrypt
Description
Encrypts the password of an Endpoint VPN Client user using IKE. The resulting string must then be stored in
the LDAP database.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

fwm [-d] ikecrypt <Key> <Password>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a file, or
use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

For complete debug instructions, see the description of the fwm process in sk97638.

<Key> Specifies the IKE Key as defined in the LDAP Account Unit properties window on the
Encryption tab.

<Password> Specifies the password for the Endpoint VPN Client user.

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fwm ikecrypt MySecretKey MyPassword

OUQJHiNHCj6HJGH8ntnKQ7tg
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 fwm load

fwm load
Description
Loads a policy on a managed Security Gateway.

Important - This command is obsolete for R80 and higher. Use the "mgmt_cli" on
page 694 command to load a policy on a managed Security Gateway.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      657

 fwm logexport

fwm logexport
Description
Exports a Security log file ($FWDIR/log/*.log) or Audit log file ($FWDIR/log/*.adtlog) to an ASCII
file.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

fwm logexport -h

fwm [-d] logexport [{-d <Delimiter> | -s}] [-t <Table Delimiter>] [-i
<Input File>] [-o <Output File>] [{-f | -e}] [-x <Start Entry Number>] [-y
<End Entry Number>] [-z] [-n] [-p] [-a] [-u <Unification Scheme File>] [-m
{initial | semi | raw}]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-h Shows the built-in usage.

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a file,
or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

For complete debug instructions, see the description of the fwm process in sk97638.

-d Specifies the output delimiter between fields of log entries:

<Delimiter> |
-s
n -d <Delimiter> - Uses the specified delimiter.
n -s - Uses the ASCII character #255 (non-breaking space) as the delimiter.
Note - If you do not specify the delimiter explicitly, the default is a semicolon (;).

-t <Table Specifies the output delimiter inside table field.

Delimiter> Table field would look like:
ROWx:COL0,ROWx:COL1,ROWx:COL2, and so on
Note - If you do not specify the table delimiter explicitly, the default is a comma (,).

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 fwm logexport

Parameter Description

-i <Input Specifies the name of the input log file.

File> Notes:
n This command supports only Security log file ($FWDIR/log/*.log) and
Audit log file ($FWDIR/log/*.adtlog)
n If you do not specify the input log file explicitly, the command processes the
active Security log file $FWDIR/log/fw.log

-o <Output Specifies the name of the output file.

File> Note - If you do not specify the output log file explicitly, the command prints its
output on the screen.

-f After reaching the end of the currently opened log file, specifies to continue to
monitor the log file indefinitely and export the new entries as well.
Note - Applies only to the active log file: $FWDIR/log/fw.log or
$FWDIR/log/fw.adtlog

-e After reaching the end of the currently opened log file, continue to monitor the log
file indefinitely and export the new entries as well.
Note - Applies only to the active log file: $FWDIR/log/fw.log or
$FWDIR/log/fw.adtlog

-x <Start Starts exporting the log entries from the specified log entry number and below,
Entry Number> counting from the beginning of the log file.

-y <End Entry Starts exporting the log entries until the specified log entry number, counting from
Number> the beginning of the log file.

-z In case of an error (for example, wrong field value), specifies to continue the export
of log entries.
The default behavior is to stop.

-n Specifies not to perform DNS resolution of the IP addresses in the log file (this is the
default behavior).
This significantly speeds up the log processing.

-p Specifies to not to perform resolution of the port numbers in the log file (this is the
default behavior).
This significantly speeds up the log processing.

-a Exports only Account log entries.

-u Specifies the path and name of the log unification scheme file.
<Unification The default log unification scheme file is:
Scheme File> $FWDIR/conf/log_unification_scheme.C

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 fwm logexport

Parameter Description

-m {initial | Specifies the log unification mode:

semi | raw}
n initial - Complete unification of log entries. The command exports one
unified log entry for each ID. This is the default.
If you also specify the "-f" parameter, then the output does not export any
updates, but exports only entries that relate to the start of new connections.
To export updates as well, use the "semi" parameter.
n semi - Step-by-step unification of log entries. For each log entry, exports
entry that unifies this entry with all previously encountered entries with the
same ID.
n raw - No log unification. Exports all log entries.

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 fwm logexport

The output of the fwm logexport command appears in tabular format.

The first row lists the names of all log fields included in the log entries.
Each of the next rows consists of a single log entry, whose fields are sorted in the same order as the first
row.
If a log entry has no information in a specific field, this field remains empty (as indicated by two successive
semi-colons ";;").
You can control which log fields appear in the output of the command output:

Step Instructions

1 Create the $FWDIR/conf/logexport.ini file:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# touch $FWDIR/conf/logexport.ini

2 Edit the $FWDIR/conf/logexport.ini file:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# vi $FWDIR/conf/logexport.ini

3 To include or exclude the log fields from the output, add these lines in the configuration file:
[Fields_Info]
included_fields = field1,field2,field3,<REST_OF_FIELDS>,field100
excluded_fields = field10,field11
Where:
n You can specify only the included_fields parameter, only the excluded_fields
parameter, or both.
n The num field must always appear first. You cannot manipulate this field.
n The <REST_OF_FIELDS> is an optional reserved token that refers to a list of fields.
l If you specify the "-f" parameter, then the <REST_OF_FIELDS> is based on a

list of fields from the $FWDIR/conf/logexport_default.C file.

l If you do not specify the "-f" parameter, then the <REST_OF_FIELDS> is based

on the input log file.

4 Save the changes in the file and exit the Vi editor.

5 Export the logs:

fwm logexport <options>

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 fwm logexport

Example 1 - Exporting all log entries

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fwm logexport -i MySwitchedLog.log

Starting... There are 113 log records in the file
num;date;time;orig;type;action;alert;i/f_name;i/f_dir;product;LogId;ContextNum;origin_
id;ContentVersion;HighLevelLogKey;SequenceNum;log_sys_message;ProductFamily;fg-1_client_in_rule_name;fg-1_
client_out_rule_name;fg-1_server_in_rule_name;fg-1_server_out_rule_
name;description;status;version;comment;update_service;reason;Severity;failure_impact
0;13Jun2018;19:47:54;CXL1_192.168.3.52;control; ;;daemon;inbound;VPN-1 & FireWall-1;-1;-1;CN=CXL1_
192.168.3.52,O=MyDomain_Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x;5;18446744073709551615;2;Log file has been switched to:
MyLog.log;Network;;;;;;;;;;;;
1;13Jun2018;19:47:54;CXL1_192.168.3.52;account;accept;;;inbound;FG;-1;-1;CN=CXL1_192.168.3.52,O=MyDomain_
Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x;5;18446744073709551615;1;;Network;Default;Default;;;;;;;;;;
... ...
35;13Jun2018;19:55:59;CXL1_192.168.3.52;account;accept;;;inbound;FG;-1;-1;CN=CXL1_192.168.3.52,O=MyDomain_
Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x;5;18446744073709551615;1;;Network;Default;Default;Host Redirect;;;;;;;;;
36;13Jun2018;19:56:06;CXL1_192.168.3.52;control; ;;;inbound;Security Gateway/Management;-1;-1;CN=CXL1_
192.168.3.52,O=MyDomain_
Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x;5;18446744073709551615;1;;Network;;;;;Contracts;Started;1.0;<null>;1;;;
... ...
47;13Jun2018;19:57:02;CXL1_192.168.3.52;control; ;;;inbound;Security Gateway/Management;-1;-1;CN=CXL1_
192.168.3.52,O=MyDomain_
Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x;5;18446744073709551615;1;;Network;;;;;Contracts;Failed;1.0;;1;Could not reach
"https://productcoverage.checkpoint.com/ProductCoverageService". Check DNS and Proxy configuration on the
gateway.;2;Contracts may be out-of-date
... ...
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example 2 - Exporting only log entries with specified numbers

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fwm logexport -i MySwitchedLog.log -x 36 -y 47

Starting... There are 113 log records in the file
num;date;time;orig;type;action;alert;i/f_name;i/f_dir;product;LogId;ContextNum;origin_
id;ContentVersion;HighLevelLogKey;SequenceNum;log_sys_message;ProductFamily;fg-1_client_in_rule_name;fg-1_
client_out_rule_name;fg-1_server_in_rule_name;fg-1_server_out_rule_
name;description;status;version;comment;update_service;reason;Severity;failure_impact
36;13Jun2018;19:56:06;CXL1_192.168.3.52;control; ;;;inbound;Security Gateway/Management;-1;-1;CN=CXL1_
192.168.3.52,O=MyDomain_
Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x;5;18446744073709551615;1;;Network;;;;;Contracts;Started;1.0;<null>;1;;;
37;13Jun2018;19:56:06;CXL1_192.168.3.52;account;accept;;;inbound;FG;-1;-1;CN=CXL1_192.168.3.52,O=MyDomain_
Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x;5;18446744073709551615;2;;Network;Default;Default;Host Redirect;;;;;;;;;
... ...
46;13Jun2018;19:56:59;CXL1_192.168.3.52;account;accept;;;inbound;FG;-1;-1;CN=CXL1_192.168.3.52,O=MyDomain_
Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x;5;18446744073709551615;1;;Network;Default;Default;Host Redirect;;;;;;;;;
47;13Jun2018;19:57:02;CXL1_192.168.3.52;control; ;;;inbound;Security Gateway/Management;-1;-1;CN=CXL1_
192.168.3.52,O=MyDomain_
Server.checkpoint.com.s6t98x;5;18446744073709551615;1;;Network;;;;;Contracts;Failed;1.0;;1;Could not reach
"https://productcoverage.checkpoint.com/ProductCoverageService". Check DNS and Proxy configuration on the
gateway.;2;Contracts may be out-of-date
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      662

 fwm mds

fwm mds
Description
n Shows the Check Point version of the Multi-Domain Server.
n Rebuilds status tree for Global VPN Communities.
Note - On a Multi-Domain Server, you can run this command:
n In the context of the MDS:
mdsenv
n In the context of a Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain
Management Server>

Syntax

fwm [-d] mds

      ver
      rebuild_global_communities_status {all | missing}

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the
output to a file, or use the script command to save the
entire CLI session.
For complete debug instructions, see the description of the fwm
process in sk97638.

ver Shows the Check Point version of the Multi-Domain Server.

rebuild_global_ Rebuilds status tree for Global VPN Communities:

communities_status
n all - Rebuilds status tree for all Global VPN Communities.
n missing - Rebuild status tree only for Global VPN
Communities that do not have status trees.

Example

[Expert@MDS:0]# fwm mds ver

This is Check Point Multi-Domain Security Management R81.20 - Build 11
[Expert@MDS:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      663

 fwm printcert

fwm printcert
Description
Shows a SIC certificate's details.
Note:
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

fwm [-d] printcert

      -obj <Name of Object> [-cert <Certificate Nick Name>] [-verbose]
      -ca <CA Name> [-x509 <Name of File> [-p]] [-verbose]
      -f <Name of Binary Certificate File> [-verbose]

Parameters

Item Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect
the output to a file, or use the script command to save
the entire CLI session.
For complete debug instructions, see the description of the fwm
process in sk97638.

-obj <Name of Object> Specifies the name of the managed object, for which to show the
SIC certificate information.

-cert <Certificate Nick Specifies the certificate nick name.

Name>

-ca <CA Name> Specifies the name of the Certificate Authority.

Note - Check Point CA Name is internal_ca.

-x509 <Name of File> Specifies the name of the X.509 file.

-p Specifies to show the SIC certificate as a text file.

-f <Name of Binary Specifies the binary SIC certificate file to show.

Certificate File>

-verbose Shows the information in verbose mode.

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 fwm printcert

Examples
Example 1 - Showing the SIC certificate of a Management Server
[Expert@MGMT:0]# fwm printcert -ca internal_ca
Subject: O=MGMT.checkpoint.com.s6t98x
Issuer: O=MGMT.checkpoint.com.s6t98x
Not Valid Before: Sun Apr 8 13:41:00 2018 Local Time
Not Valid After: Fri Jan 1 05:14:07 2038 Local Time
Serial No.: 1
Public Key: RSA (2048 bits)
Signature: RSA with SHA256
Key Usage:
digitalSignature
keyCertSign
cRLSign
Basic Constraint:
is CA
MD5 Fingerprint:
7B:F9:7B:4C:BD:40:B9:1C:AB:2C:AE:CF:66:2E:E7:06
SHA-1 Fingerprints:
1. A6:43:3A:2B:1A:04:7F:A6:36:A6:2C:78:BF:22:D9:BC:F7:7E:4D:73
2. KEYS HEM GERM PIT ABUT ROVE RAW PA IQ FAWN NUT SLAM
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example 2 - Showing the SIC certificate of a Management Server in verbose mode

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fwm printcert -ca internal_ca -verbose
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] fwa_db_init: called
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] fwa_db_init: closing existing database
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] do_links_getver: strncmp failed. Returning -2
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] db_fetchkey: entering
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] PubKey:
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] Modulus:
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] ae b3 75 36 64 e4 1a 40 fe c2 ad 2f 9b 83 0b 45 f1 00 04 bc
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] 3f 77 77 76 d1 de 8a cf 9f 32 78 8b d4 b1 b4 be db 75 cc c8
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] c2 6d ff 3e aa fe f1 2b c3 0a b0 a2 a5 e0 a8 ab 45 cd 87 32
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] ac c6 9f a4 a9 ba 30 79 08 fa 59 4c d2 dc 3d 36 ca 17 d7 c1
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] b2 a2 41 f5 89 0f 00 d4 2d f2 55 d2 30 a5 32 c7 46 7a 6b 32
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] 29 0f 53 9f 35 42 91 e5 7d f7 30 6d bc b3 f2 ae f3 f0 ed 88
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] c4 d7 7d 0c 2d f6 5f c8 ed 9f 9a 57 54 79 d0 0f 0b 2f 9c 0d
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] 94 2e f0 f4 66 62 f7 ae 2e f8 8e 90 08 ba 63 85 b6 46 2f b7
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] a7 01 29 9a 14 58 a8 ef eb 07 17 4e 95 8b 2f 48 5f d3 18 10
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] 3f 00 d5 03 d7 fd 45 45 ca 67 5b 34 be b8 00 ae ea 9a cd 50
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] d6 e7 a2 81 86 78 11 d7 bf 04 9f 8b 43 3f f7 36 5f ed 31 a8
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] a3 9d 8b 0a de 05 fb 5c 44 2e 29 e3 3e f4 dd 50 01 0f 86 9d
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] 55 16 a3 4d f8 90 2d 13 c6 c1 28 57 f8 3e 7c 59
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52]
X509 Certificate Version 3
refCount: 1
Serial Number: 1
Issuer: O=MGMT.checkpoint.com.s6t98x
Subject: O=MGMT.checkpoint.com.s6t98x
Not valid before: Sun Apr 8 13:41:00 2018 Local Time
Not valid after: Fri Jan 1 05:14:07 2038 Local Time
Signature Algorithm: RSA with SHA-256 Public key: RSA (2048 bits)
Extensions:
Key Usage:
digitalSignature
keyCertSign
cRLSign
Basic Constraint (Critical):
is CA

[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] destroy_rand_mutex: destroy

[FWM 24304 4024166304]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:21:52] cpKeyTaskManager::~cpKeyTaskManager: called.
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      665

 fwm printcert

Example 3 - Showing the SIC certificate of a managed Cluster object

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fwm printcert -obj CXL_192.168.3.244

printing all certificates of CXL_192.168.3.244

defaultCert:
Host Certificate (level 0):
Subject: CN=CXL_192.168.3.244 VPN Certificate,O=MGMT.checkpoint.com.s6t98x
Issuer: O=MGMT.checkpoint.com.s6t98x
Not Valid Before: Sun Jun 3 19:58:19 2018 Local Time
Not Valid After: Sat Jun 3 19:58:19 2023 Local Time
Serial No.: 85021
Public Key: RSA (2048 bits)
Signature: RSA with SHA256
Subject Alternate Names:
IP Address: 192.168.3.244
CRL distribution points:
http://192.168.3.240:18264/ICA_CRL2.crl
CN=ICA_CRL2,O=MGMT.checkpoint.com.s6t98x
Key Usage:
digitalSignature
keyEncipherment
Basic Constraint:
not CA
MD5 Fingerprint:
B1:15:C7:A8:2A:EE:D1:75:92:9F:C7:B4:B9:BE:42:1B
SHA-1 Fingerprints:
1. BC:7A:D9:E2:CD:29:D1:9E:F0:39:5A:CD:7E:A9:0B:F9:6A:A7:2B:85
2. MIRE SANK DUSK HOOD HURD RIDE TROY QUAD LOVE WOOD GRIT WITH

*****
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 fwm printcert

Example 4 - Showing the SIC certificate of a managed Cluster object in verbose mode
[Expert@MGMT:0]# fwm printcert -obj CXL_192.168.3.244 -verbose
[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45] fwa_db_init: called
[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45] fwa_db_init: closing existing database
[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45] do_links_getver: strncmp failed. Returning -2

printing all certificates of CXL_192.168.3.244

[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45] db_fetchkey: entering

[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45] 1 certificates
[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45] PubKey:
[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45] Modulus:
[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45] df 35 c3 45 ca 42 16 6e 21 9e 31 af c1 fd 20 0a 3d 5b 6f 5d
[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45] e0 a2 0c 0e fa fa 5e e5 91 9d 4e 73 77 fa db 86 0b 5e 5d 0c
[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45] ce af 4a a4 7b 30 ed b0 43 7d d8 93 c5 4b 01 f4 3d b5 d8 f4
... ... ...
[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45] 34 b1 db ac 18 4f 11 bd d2 fb 26 7d 23 74 5c d9 00 a1 58 1e
[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45] 60 7c 83 44 fa 1e 1e 86 fa ad 98 f7 df 24 4a 21
[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45] Exponent: 65537 (0x10001)
[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45]
X509 Certificate Version 3
refCount: 1
Serial Number: 85021
Issuer: O=MGMT.checkpoint.com.s6t98x
Subject: CN=CXL_192.168.3.244 VPN Certificate,O=MGMT.checkpoint.com.s6t98x
Not valid before: Sun Jun 3 19:58:19 2018 Local Time
Not valid after: Sat Jun 3 19:58:19 2023 Local Time
Signature Algorithm: RSA with SHA-256 Public key: RSA (2048 bits)
Extensions:
Key Usage:
digitalSignature
keyEncipherment
Subject Alternate names:
IP: 192.168.3.244
Basic Constraint:
not CA
CRL distribution Points:
URI: http://192.168.3.240:18264/ICA_CRL2.crl
DN: CN=ICA_CRL2,O=MGMT.checkpoint.com.s6t98x

defaultCert:

[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45] destroy_rand_mutex: destroy

[FWM 24665 4023814048]@MGMT[12 Jun 20:26:45] cpKeyTaskManager::~cpKeyTaskManager: called.
*****
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      667

 fwm sic_reset

fwm sic_reset
Description
Resets SIC on the Management Server.
For detailed procedure, see sk65764: How to reset SIC.

Warning:
n Before you run this command, take a Gaia Snapshot and a full backup of the
Management Server.
This command resets SIC between the Management Server and all its
managed objects.
n This operation breaks trust in all Internal CA certificates and SIC trust across
the managed environment.
Therefore, we do not recommend it at all, except for real disaster recovery.

Note
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

fwm [-d] sic_reset

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a file,
or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

For complete debug instructions, see the description of the fwm process in sk97638.

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      668

 fwm snmp_trap

fwm snmp_trap
Description
Sends an SNMPv1 Trap to the specified host.
Notes:
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n On a Multi-Domain Server, the SNMP Trap packet is sent from the IP address of
the Leading Interface.

Syntax

fwm [-d] snmp_trap [-v <SNMP OID>] [-g <Generic Trap Number>] [-s <Specific
Trap Number>] [-p <Source Port>] [-c <SNMP Community>] <Target>
["<Message>"]

Quantum Security Management R81.20 Administration Guide      |      669

 fwm snmp_trap

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the
output to a file, or use the script command to save the entire
CLI session.
For complete debug instructions, see the description of the fwm process
in sk97638.

-v <SNMP OID> Specifies an optional SNMP OID to bind with the message.

-g <Generic Trap Specifies the generic trap number.

Number> One of these values:
n 0 - For coldStart trap
n 1 - For warmStart trap
n 2 - For linkDown trap
n 3 - For linkUp trap
n 4 - For authenticationFailure trap
n 5 - For egpNeighborLoss trap
n 6 - For enterpriseSpecific trap (this is the default value)

-s <Specific Trap Specifies the unique trap type.

Number> Valid only of generic trap value is 6 (for enterpriseSpecific).
Default value is 0.

-p <Source Port> Specifies the source port, from which to send the SNMP Trap packets.

-c <SNMP Community> Specifies the SNMP community.

<Target> Specifies the managed target host, to which to send the SNMP Trap
packets.
Enter an IP address of a resolvable hostname.

"<Message>" Specifies the SNMP Trap text message.

Example - Sending an SNMP Trap from a Management Server and capturing the traffic on the Security
Gateway

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fwm snmp_trap -g 2 -c public 192.168.3.52 "My Trap Message"

[Expert@MGMT:0]#

[Expert@MyGW_192.168.3.52:0]# tcpdump -s 1500 -vvvv -i eth0 udp and host 192.168.3.51

tcpdump: listening on eth0, link-type EN10MB (Ethernet), capture size 1500 bytes
22:49:43.891287 IP (tos 0x0, ttl 64, id 0, offset 0, flags [DF], proto: UDP (17), length: 103)
192.168.3.51.53450 > MyGW_192.168.3.52.snmptrap: [udp sum ok] { SNMPv1 { Trap(58) E:2620.1.1 192.168.3.240
linkDown 1486440 E:2620.1.1.11.0="My Trap Message" } }
Pressed CTRL+C
[Expert@MyGW_192.168.3.52:0]#

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 fwm unload

fwm unload
Description
Unloads the policy from the specified managed Security Gateways or Cluster Members.
Warning:
1. The fwm unload command prevents all traffic from passing through the Security
Gateway (Cluster Member), because it disables the IP Forwarding in the Linux
kernel on the specified Security Gateway (Cluster Member).
2. The fwm unload command removes all policies from the specified Security
Gateway (Cluster Member).
This means that the Security Gateway (Cluster Member) accepts all incoming
connections destined to all active interfaces without any filtering or protection
enabled.

Notes:
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>
n If it is necessary to remove the current policy, but keep the Security Gateway
(Cluster Member) protected, then run the "comp_init_policy" command on
the Security Gateway (Cluster Member).
n To load the policies on the Security Gateway (Cluster Member), run one of these
commands on the Security Gateway (Cluster Member), or reboot:
l "fw fetch"

l "cpstart"

Syntax

fwm [-d] unload <GW1> <GW2> ... <GWN>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

For complete debug instructions, see the description of the fwm process in
sk97638.

<GW1> <GW2> Specifies the managed Security Gateways by their main IP address or Object
... <GWN> Name as configured in SmartConsole.

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 fwm unload

Example

[Expert@MyGW:0]# cpstat -f policy fw

Product name: Firewall

Policy name: CXL_Policy
Policy install time: Wed Oct 23 18:23:14 2019
... ... ...
[Expert@MyGW:0]#

[Expert@MyGW:0]# sysctl -a | grep forwarding | grep -v bridge

net.ipv6.conf.bond0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.eth1.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.eth3.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.eth2.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.eth4.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.eth5.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.eth0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.eth6.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 1
net.ipv6.conf.lo.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.bond0.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.bond0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.eth1.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth1.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.eth2.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth2.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.lo.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.default.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding = 1
net.ipv4.conf.all.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding = 1
[Expert@MyGW:0]#

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fwm unload MyGW

Uninstalling Policy From: MyGW

Security Policy successfully uninstalled from MyGW...

Security Policy uninstall complete.

[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 fwm unload

[Expert@MyGW:0]# cpstat -f policy fw

Product name: Firewall

Policy name:
Policy install time:
... ... ...
[Expert@MyGW:0]#

[Expert@MyGW:0]# sysctl -a | grep forwarding | grep -v bridge

net.ipv6.conf.bond0.forwarding = 0
net.ipv6.conf.eth1.forwarding = 0
net.ipv6.conf.eth3.forwarding = 0
net.ipv6.conf.eth2.forwarding = 0
net.ipv6.conf.eth4.forwarding = 0
net.ipv6.conf.eth5.forwarding = 0
net.ipv6.conf.eth0.forwarding = 0
net.ipv6.conf.eth6.forwarding = 0
net.ipv6.conf.default.forwarding = 0
net.ipv6.conf.all.forwarding = 0
net.ipv6.conf.lo.forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.bond0.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.bond0.forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth1.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth1.forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth2.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth2.forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.eth0.forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.lo.forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.mc_forwarding = 0
net.ipv4.conf.all.forwarding = 0
[Expert@MyGW:0]#

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 fwm ver

fwm ver
Description
Shows the Check Point version of the Security Management Server.
Note - On a Multi-Domain Server, you can run this command:
n In the context of the MDS:
mdsenv
n In the context of a Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain
Management Server>

Syntax

fwm [-d] ver [-f <Output File>]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a
file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

For complete debug instructions, see the description of the fwm process in
sk97638.

-f <Output Specifies the name of the output file, in which to save this information.
File>

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fwm ver

This is Check Point Security Management Server R81.20 - Build 11
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 fwm verify

fwm verify

Important - This command is obsolete for R80 and higher. Use the "mgmt_cli" on
page 694 command to verify a policy on a managed Security Gateway.

Description
Verifies the specified policy package without installing it.
Note
On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the applicable
Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

fwm [-d] verify <Policy Name>

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.

Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output to a file,
or use the script command to save the entire CLI session.

For complete debug instructions, see the description of the fwm process in sk97638.

<Policy Name> Specifies the name of the policy package as configured in SmartConsole.

Example

[Expert@MGMT:0]# fwm verify Standard

Verifier messages:
Error: Rule 1 Hides rule 2 for Services & Applications: any .
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 inet_alert

inet_alert
Description
Notifies an Internet Service Provider (ISP) when a company's corporate network is under attack. This
command forwards log messages generated by the alert daemon on your Check Point Security Gateway to
an external Management Station. This external Management Station is usually located at the ISP site. The
ISP can then analyze the alert and react accordingly.
This command uses the Event Logging API (ELA) protocol to send the alerts. The Management Station
receiving the alert must be running the ELA Proxy.
If communication with the ELA Proxy is to be authenticated or encrypted, a key exchange must be
performed between the external Management Station running the ELA Proxy at the ISP site and the Check
Point Security Gateway generating the alert.

Procedure

Step Instructions

1 Connect with SmartConsole to the applicable Security Management Server or Domain

Management Server, which manages the applicable Security Gateway that should forward log
messages to an external Management Station.

2 From the top left Menu, click Global properties.

3 Click on the [+] near the Log and Alert and click Alerts.

4 Clear the Send user defined alert no. 1 to SmartView Monitor.

5 Select the next option Run UserDefined script under the above.

6 Enter the applicable inet_alert syntax (see the Syntax section below).

7 Click OK.

8 Install the Access Control Policy on the applicable Security Gateway.

Syntax

inet_alert -s <IP Address> [-o] [-a <Auth Type>] [-p <Port>] [-f <Token>
<Value>] [-m <Alert Type>]
Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

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 inet_alert

Parameters

Parameter Description

-s <IP The IPv4 address of the ELA Proxy (usually located at the ISP site).
Address>

-o Prints the alert log received to stdout.

Use this option when inet_alert is part of a pipe syntax (<some command> |
inet_alert ...).

-a <Auth Specifies the type of connection to the ELA Proxy.

Type> One of these values:
n ssl_opsec - The connection is authenticated and encrypted (this is the
default).
n auth_opsec - The connection is authenticated.
n clear - The connection is neither authenticated, nor encrypted.

-p <Port> Specifies the port number on the ELA proxy. Default port is 18187.

-f <Token> A field to be added to the log, represented by a <Token> <Value> pair as follows:
<Value>
n <Token> - The name of the field to be added to the log. Cannot contain
spaces.
n <Value> - The field's value. Cannot contain spaces.
This option can be used multiple times to add multiple <Token> <Value> pairs to
the log.

-m <Alert The alert to be triggered at the ISP site.

Type> This alert overrides the alert specified in the log message generated by the alert
daemon.
The response to the alert is handled according to the actions specified in the ISP
Security Policy:
These alerts execute the OS commands:
n alert - Popup alert command
n mail - Mail alert command
n snmptrap - SNMP trap alert command
n spoofalert - Anti-Spoof alert command
These NetQuota and ServerQuota alerts execute the OS commands specified in the
$FWDIR/conf/objects.C: file:
value=clientquotaalert. Parameter=clientquotaalertcmd

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 inet_alert

Exist Status

Exit Status Description

0 Execution was successful.

102 Undetermined error.

103 Unable to allocate memory.

104 Unable to obtain log information from stdin

106 Invalid command line arguments.

107 Failed to invoke the OPSEC API.

Example
inet_alert -s 10.0.2.4 -a clear -f product cads -m alert

This command specifies to perform these actions in the event of an attack:

n Establish a clear connection with the ELA Proxy located at IP address 10.0.2.4
n Send a log message to the specified ELA Proxy. Set the product field of this log message to cads
n Trigger the OS command specified in the SmartConsole > Menu > Global properties > Log and
Alert > Popup Alert Command field.

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 ldapcmd

ldapcmd
Description
This is an LDAP utility that controls these features:

Feature Description

Cache LDAP cache operations, such as emptying the cache, as well as providing debug
information.

Statistics LDAP search statistics, such as:

n All user searches
n Pending lookups (when two or more lookups are identical)
n Total lookup time (the total search time for a specific lookup)
n Cache statistics such as hits and misses
These statistics are saved in the $FWDIR/log/ldap_pid_<Process PID>.stats
file.

Logging View the alert and warning logs.

Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

ldapcmd [-d <Debug Level>] -p {<Process Name> | all} <Command>

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 ldapcmd

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d <Debug Level> Runs the command in debug mode with the specified TDERROR debug level.
Valid values are from 0 (disabled) to 5 (maximal level, recommended).

-p {<Process Runs on a specified Check Point process, or all supported Check Point
Name> | all} processes.

<Command> One of these commands:

n cacheclear {all | UserCacheObject |
TemplateCacheObject | TemplateExtGrpCacheObject}
l all - Clears cache for all objects

l UserCacheObject - Clears cache for user objects

l TemplateCacheObject - Clears cache for template objects

l TemplateExtGrpCacheObject - Clears cache for external

template group objects

n cachetrace {all | UserCacheObject |
TemplateCacheObject | TemplateExtGrpCacheObject}
l all - Traces cache for all objects

l UserCacheObject - Traces cache for user objects

l TemplateCacheObject - Traces cache for template objects

l TemplateExtGrpCacheObject - Traces cache for external

template group objects

n log {on | off}
l on - Creates LDAP logs

l off - Does not create LDAP logs

n stat {<Print Interval in Sec> | 0}

l <Print Interval in Sec> - How frequently to collect the

statistics
l 0 - Stops collecting the statistics

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 ldapcompare

ldapcompare
Description
This is an LDAP utility that performs compare queries and prints a message whether the result returned a
match or not.
This utility opens a connection to an LDAP directory server, binds, and performs the comparison specified
on the command line or from a specified file.
Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

ldapcompare [-d <Debug Level>] [<Options>] <DN> {<Attribute> <Value> |

<Attribute> <Base64 Value>}

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d <Debug Level> Runs the command in debug mode with the specified TDERROR debug level.
Valid values are from 0 (disabled) to 5 (maximal level, recommended).

<Options> See the tables below:

n Compare options
n Common options

<DN> Specifies the Distinguished Name.

<Attribute> Specifies the assertion attribute.

<Value> Specifies the assertion value.

<Base64 Value> Specifies the Base64 encoding of the assertion value.

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 ldapcompare

Compare options

Option Description

-E [!]<Extension>[=<Extension Specifies the compare extensions.

Parameter>] Note - The exclamation sign "!" indicates criticality.
For example: !dontUseCopy = Do not use Copy

-M Enables the Manage DSA IT control.

Use the "-MM" option to make it critical.

-P <LDAP Protocol Version> Specifies the LDAP protocol version. Default version is 3.

-z Enables the quiet mode.

The command does not print anything. You can use the
command return values.

Common options

Option Description

-D <Bind DN> Specifies the LDAP Server administrator Distinguished Name.

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 ldapcompare

Option Description

-e [!]<Extension> Specifies the general extensions:

[=<Extension Parameter>] Note - The exclamation sign "!" indicates criticality.
n [!]assert=<Filter>
RFC 4528; an RFC 4515 filter string
n [!]authzid=<Authorization ID>
RFC 4370; either "dn:<DN>", or "u:<Username>"
n [!]chaining[=<Resolve Behavior>
[/<Continuation Behavior>]]
One of these:
l "chainingPreferred"

l "chainingRequired"

l "referralsPreferred"

l "referralsRequired"

n [!]manageDSAit
RFC 3296
n [!]noop
n ppolicy
n [!]postread[=<Attributes>]
RFC 4527; a comma-separated list of attributes
n [!]preread[=<Attributes>]
RFC 4527; a comma-separated list of attributes
n [!]relax
n abandon
SIGINT sends the abandon signal; if critical, does not
wait for SIGINT. Not really controls.
n cancel
SIGINT sends the cancel signal; if critical, does not wait
for SIGINT. Not really controls.
n ignore
SIGINT ignores the response; if critical, does not wait for
SIGINT. Not really controls.

-h <LDAP Server> Specifies the LDAP Server computer by its IP address or

resolvable hostname.

-H <LDAP URI> Specifies the LDAP Server Uniform Resource Identifier(s).

-I Specifies to use the SASL Interactive mode.

-n Dry run - shows what would be done, but does not actually do
it.

-N Specifies not to use the reverse DNS to canonicalize SASL

host name.

-o <Option>[=<Option Specifies the general options:

Parameter>] nettimeout={<Timeout in Sec> | none | max}

-O <Properties> Specifies the SASL security properties.

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 ldapcompare

Option Description

-p <LDAP Server Port> Specifies the LDAP Server port. Default is 389.

-Q Specifies to use the SASL Quiet mode.

-R <Realm> Specifies the SASL realm.

-U <Authentication Identity> Specifies the SASL authentication identity.

-v Runs in verbose mode (prints the diagnostics to stdout).

-V Prints version information (use the "-VV" option only).

-w <LDAP Admin Password> Specifies the LDAP Server administrator password (for simple
authentication).

-W Specifies to prompt the user for the LDAP Server administrator

password.

-x Specifies to use simple authentication.

-X <Authorization Identity> Specifies the SASL authorization identity (either "dn:<DN>", or

"u:<Username>" option).

-y <File> Specifies to read the LDAP Server administrator password

from the <File>.

-Y <SASL Mechanism> Specifies the SASL mechanism.

-Z Specifies to start the TLS request.

Use the "-ZZ" option to require successful response.

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 ldapmemberconvert

ldapmemberconvert
Description
This is an LDAP utility that ports from the "Member" attribute values in LDAP group entries to the
"MemberOf" attribute values in LDAP member (User or Template) entries.
This utility converts the LDAP server data to work in either the "MemberOf" mode, or "Both" mode. The
utility searches through all specified group or template entries that hold one or more "Member" attribute
values and modifies each value. The utility searches through all specified group/template entries and
fetches their "Member" attribute values.
Each value is the DN of a member entry. The entry identified by this DN is added to the "MemberOf"
attribute value of the group/template DN at hand. In addition, the utility delete those "Member" attribute
values from the group/template, unless you run the command in the "Both" mode.
When your run the command, it creates a log file ldapmemberconvert.log in the current working
directory. The command logs all modifications done and errors encountered in that log file.

Important - Back up the LDAP server database before you run this conversion utility.

Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

ldapmemberconvert [-d <Debug Level>] -h <LDAP Server> -p <LDAP Server Port>

-D <LDAP Admin DN> -w <LDAP Admin Password> -m <Member Attribute Name> -o
<MemberOf Attribute Name> -c <Member ObjectClass Value> [-B] [-f <File> | -
g <Group DN>] [-L <LDAP Server Timeout>] [-M <Number of Updates>] [-S
<Size>] [-T <LDAP Client Timeout>] [-Z]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d <Debug Level> Runs the command in debug mode with the specified TDERROR debug
level.
Valid values are from 0 (disabled) to 5 (maximal level, recommended).

-h <LDAP Server> Specifies the LDAP Server computer by its IP address or resolvable
hostname.
If you do not specify the LDAP Server explicitly, the command connects to
localhost.

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 ldapmemberconvert

Parameter Description

-p <LDAP Server Specifies the LDAP Server port. Default is 389.

Port>

-D <LDAP Admin DN> Specifies the LDAP Server administrator Distinguished Name.

-w <LDAP Admin Specifies the LDAP Server administrator password.

Password>

-m <Member Attribute Specifies the LDAP attribute name when fetching and (possibly) deleting a
Name> group Member attribute value.

-o <MemberOf Specifies the LDAP attribute name for adding an LDAP "MemberOf"
Attribute Name> attribute value.

-c <Member Specifies the LDAP "ObjectClass" attribute value that defines, which
ObjectClass Value> type of member to modify.
You can specify multiple attribute values with this syntax:
-c <Member Object Class 1> -c <Member Object Class
2> ... -c <Member Object Class N>

-B Specifies to run in "Both" mode.

-f <File> Specifies the file that contains a list of Group DNs separated by a new line:
<Group DN 1>
<Group DN 2>
...
<Group DN N>
Length of each line is limited to 256 characters.

-g <Group DN> Specifies the Group or Template Distinguished Name, on which to

perform the conversion.
You can specify multiple Group DNs with this syntax:
-g <Group DN 1> -g <Group DN 2> ... -g <Group DN N>

-L <LDAP Server Specifies the Server side time limit for LDAP operations, in seconds.
Timeout> Default is "never".

-M <Number of Specifies the maximal number of simultaneous member LDAP updates.

Updates> Default is 20.

-S <Size> Specifies the Server side size limit for LDAP operations, in number of
entries.
Default is "none".

-T <LDAP Client Specifies the Client side timeout for LDAP operations, in milliseconds.
Timeout> Default is "never".

-Z Specifies to use SSL connection.

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 ldapmemberconvert

Notes
There are two "GroupMembership" modes. You must keep these modes consistent:
n template-to-groups
n user-to-groups

For example, if you apply conversion on LDAP users to include the "MemberOf" attributes for their groups,
then this conversion has to be applied on LDAP defined templates for their groups.

Troubleshooting
Symptom:
A command fails with an error message stating the connection stopped unexpectedly when you run it with
the parameter -M <Number of Updates>.
Root Cause:
The LDAP server could not handle that many LDAP requests simultaneously and closed the connection.
Solution:
Run the command again with a lower value for the "-M" parameter. The default value should be adequate,
but can also cause a connection failure in extreme situations. Continue to reduce the value until the
command runs normally. Each time you run the command with the same set of groups, the command
continues from where it left off.

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 ldapmemberconvert

Examples
Example 1

A group is defined with the DN "cn=cpGroup,ou=groups,ou=cp,c=us" and these attributes:

...
cn=cpGroup
uniquemember="cn=member1,ou=people,ou=cp,c=us"
uniquemember="cn=member2,ou=people,ou=cp,c=us"
...

For the two member entries:

...
cn=member1
objectclass=fw1Person
...

and:

...
cn=member2
objectclass=fw1Person
...

Run:
[Expert@MGMT:0]# ldapconvert -g cn=cpGroup,ou=groups,ou=cp,c=us -h MyLdapServer -d cn=admin -w secret -m uniquemember -o memberof -c fw1Person

The result for the group DN is:

...
cn=cpGroup
...

The result for the two member entries is:

...
cn=member1
objectclass=fw1Person
memberof="cn=cpGroup,ou=groups,ou=cp,c=us"
...

and:

...
cn=member2
objectclass=fw1Person
memberof="cn=cpGroup,ou=groups,ou=cp,c=us"
...

If you run the same command with the "-B" parameter, it produces the same result, but the group entry is
not modified.

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 ldapmemberconvert

Example 2

If there is another member attribute value for the same group entry:
uniquemember="cn=template1,ou=people, ou=cp,c=us"

and the template is:

cn=member1
objectclass=fw1Template

Then after running the same command, the template entry stays intact, because of the parameter "-c
fw1Person", but the object class of "template1" is "fw1Template".

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 ldapmodify

ldapmodify
Description
This is an LDAP utility that imports users to an LDAP server. The input file must be in the LDIF format.
Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

ldapmodify [-d <Debug Level>] [-h <LDAP Server>] [-p <LDAP Server Port>] [-
D <LDAP Admin DN>] [-w <LDAP Admin Password>] [-a] [-b] [-c] [-F] [-k] [-n]
[-r] [-v] [-T <LDAP Client Timeout>] [-Z] [ -f <Input File> .ldif | <
<Entry>]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d <Debug Level> Runs the command in debug mode with the specified TDERROR debug
level.
Valid values are from 0 (disabled) to 5 (maximal level, recommended).

-h <LDAP Server> Specifies the LDAP Server computer by its IP address or resolvable
hostname.
If you do not specify the LDAP Server explicitly, the command connects to
localhost.

-p <LDAP Server Specifies the LDAP Server port. Default is 389.

Port>

-D <LDAP Admin DN> Specifies the LDAP Server administrator Distinguished Name.

-w <LDAP Admin Specifies the LDAP Server administrator password.

Password>

-a Specifies that this is the LDAP "add" operation.

-b Specifies to read values from files (for binary attributes).

-c Specifies to ignore errors during continuous operation.

-F Specifies to force changes on all records.

-k Specifies the Kerberos bind.

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 ldapmodify

Parameter Description

-K Specifies the Kerberos bind, part 1 only.

-n Specifies to print the LDAP "add" operations, but do not actually perform
them.

-r Specifies to replace values, instead of adding values.

-v Specifies to run in verbose mode.

-T <LDAP Client Specifies the Client side timeout for LDAP operations, in milliseconds.
Timeout> Default is "never".

-Z Specifies to use SSL connection.

-f <Input Specifies to read from the <Input File>.ldif file.

File>.ldif The input file must be in the LDIF format.

< <Entry> Specifies to read the entry from the stdin.

The "<" character is mandatory part of the syntax.
It specifies the input comes from the standard input (from the data you
enter on the screen).

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 ldapsearch

ldapsearch
Description
This is an LDAP utility that queries an LDAP directory and returns the results.
Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax

ldapsearch [-d <Debug Level>] [-h <LDAP Server>] [-p <LDAP Port>] [-D <LDAP
Admin DN>] [-w <LDAP Admin Password>] [-A] [-B] [-b <Base DN>] [-F
<Separator>] [-l <LDAP Server Timeout>] [-s <Scope>] [-S <Sort Attribute>]
[-t] [-T <LDAP Client Timeout>] [-u] [-z <Number of Search Entries>] [-Z]
<Filter> [<Attributes>]

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d <Debug Level> Runs the command in debug mode with the specified TDERROR debug
level.
Valid values are from 0 (disabled) to 5 (maximal level, recommended).

-h <LDAP Server> Specifies the LDAP Server computer by its IP address or resolvable
hostname.
If you do not specify the LDAP Server explicitly, the command connects to
localhost.

-p <LDAP Port> Specifies the LDAP Server port. Default is 389.

-D <LDAP Admin DN> Specifies the LDAP Server administrator Distinguished Name.

-w <LDAP Admin Specifies the LDAP Server administrator password.

Password>

-A Specifies to retrieve attribute names only, without values.

-B Specifies not to suppress the printing of non-ASCII values.

-b <Base DN> Specifies the Base Distinguished Name (DN) for search.

-F <Separator> Specifies the print separator character between attribute names and their
values.
The default separator is the equal sign (=).

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 ldapsearch

Parameter Description

-l <LDAP Server Specifies the Server side time limit for LDAP operations, in seconds.
Timeout> Default is "never".

-s <Scope> Specifies the search scope. One of these:

n base
n one
n sub

-S <Sort Attribute> Specifies to sort the results by the values of this attribute.

-t Specifies to write values to files in the /tmp/ directory.

Writes each <attribute>-<value> pair to a separate file named:
/tmp/ldapsearch-<Attribute>-<Value>
For example, for the fw1color attribute with the value a00188, the
command writes to the file named:
/tmp/ldapsearch-fw1color-a00188

-T <LDAP Client Specifies the Client side timeout for LDAP operations, in milliseconds.
Timeout> Default is never.

-u Specifies to show user-friendly entry names in the output.

For example:
shows cn=Babs Jensen, users, omi
instead of cn=Babs Jensen, cn=users,cn=omi

-z <Number of Search Specifies the maximal number of entries to search on the LDAP Server.
Entries>

-Z Specifies to use SSL connection.

<Filter> LDAP search filter compliant with RFC-1558.

For example:
objectclass=fw1host

<Attributes> Specifies the list of attributes to retrieve.

If you do not specify attributes explicitly, then the command retrieves all
attributes.

Example
[Expert@MGMT:0]# ldapsearch -p 18185 -b cn=omi objectclass=fw1host objectclass

With this syntax, the command:

1. Connects to the LDAP Server to port 18185.
2. Connects to the LDAP Server with Base DN "cn=omi".
3. Queries the LDAP directory for "fw1host" objects.
4. For each object found, prints the value of its "objectclass" attribute.

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 mgmt_cli

mgmt_cli
Description
The mgmt_cli tool works directly with the management database on your Management Server.

Syntax on Management Server or Security Gateway running on Gaia OS

mgmt_cli <Command Name> <Command Parameters> <Optional Switches>

Syntax on SmartConsole computer running on Windows OS 32-bit

Open Windows Command Prompt and run these commands:

cd /d "%ProgramFiles%\CheckPoint\SmartConsole\<VERSION>\PROGRAM\"
mgmt_cli.exe <Command Name> <Command Parameters> <Optional Switches>

Syntax on SmartConsole computer running on Windows OS 64-bit

Open Windows Command Prompt and run these commands:

cd /d "%ProgramFiles(x86)%\CheckPoint\SmartConsole\<VERSION>\PROGRAM\"
mgmt_cli.exe <Command Name> <Command Parameters> <Optional Switches>

Notes
n For a complete list of the mgmt_cli options, enter the mgmt_cli (mgmt_cli.exe) command and
press Enter.
n For more information, see the Check Point Management API Reference.

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 migrate

migrate
Important - This command is used to migrate the management database from R80.10
and lower versions.
For more information, see the R81.20 Installation and Upgrade Guide.

Description
Exports the management database and applicable Check Point configuration.
Imports the exported management database and applicable Check Point configuration.
Backing up and restoring in Management High Availability environment:
n To back up and restore a consistent environment, make sure to collect and
restore the backups and snapshots from all servers in the High Availability
environment at the same time.
n Make sure other administrators do not make changes in SmartConsole until the
backup operation is completed.
For more information:
n About Gaia Backup and Gaia Snapshot, see the R81.20 Gaia Administration
Guide.
n About Virtual Machine Snapshots, see the vendor documentation.

Notes:
n You must run this command from the Expert mode.
n If it is necessary to back up the current management database, and you do not
plan to import it on a Management Server that runs a higher software version,
then you can use the built-in command in the $FWDIR/bin/upgrade_tools/
directory.
n If you plan to import the management database on a Management Server that
runs a higher software version, then you must use the migrate utility from the
migration tools package created specifically for that higher software version. See
the Installation and Upgrade Guide for that higher software version.
n If this command completes successfully, it creates this log file:
/var/log/opt/CPshrd-R81.20/migrate-<YYYY.MM.DD_
HH.MM.SS>.log
For example: /var/log/opt/CPshrd-R81.20/migrate-2019.06.14_11.03.46.log
n If this command fails, it creates this log file:
$CPDIR/log/migrate-<YYYY.MM.DD_HH.MM.SS>.log
For example: /opt/CPshrd-R81.20/log/migrate-2019.06.14_11.21.39.log

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 migrate

Syntax
n To see the built-in help:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# ./migrate -h

n To export the management database and configuration:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cd $FWDIR/bin/upgrade_tools/
[Expert@MGMT:0]# yes | nohup ./migrate export [-l | -x] [-n] [--
exclude-uepm-postgres-db] [--include-uepm-msi-files] /<Full Path>/<Name
of Exported File> &

n To import the management database and configuration:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cd $FWDIR/bin/upgrade_tools/
[Expert@MGMT:0]# yes | nohup ./migrate import [-l | -x] [-n] [--
exclude-uepm-postgres-db] [--include-uepm-msi-files] /<Full Path>/<Name
of Exported File>.tgz &

Parameters

Parameter Description

-h Shows the built-in help.

yes | nohup This syntax:

./migrate ... &
1. Sends the "yes" input to the interactive "migrate" command through the
pipeline.
2. The "nohup" forces the "migrate" command to ignore the hangup
signals from the shell.
3. The "&" forces the command to run in the background.
As a result, when the CLI session closes, the command continues to run in the
background.
See:
n sk133312
n https://linux.die.net/man/1/bash
n https://linux.die.net/man/1/nohup

export Exports the management database and applicable Check Point configuration.

import Imports the management database and applicable Check Point configuration
that were exported from another Management Server.

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 migrate

Parameter Description

-l Exports and imports the Check Point logs without log indexes in the
$FWDIR/log/ directory.
Important:
n The command can export only closed logs (to which the
information is not currently written).
n If you use this parameter, it can take the command a long time
to complete (depends on the number of logs).

-x Exports and imports the Check Point logs with their log indexes in the
$FWDIR/log/ directory.
Important:
n This parameter only supports Management Servers and Log
Servers R80.10 and higher.
n The command can export only closed logs (to which the
information is not currently written).
n If you use this parameter, it can take the command a long time
to complete (depends on the number of logs and indexes).

-n Runs silently (non-interactive mode) and uses the default options for each
setting.
Important:
n If you export a management database in this mode and the
specified name of the exported file matches the name of an
existing file, the command overwrites the existing file without
prompting.
n If you import a management database in this mode, the
"migrate import" command runs the "cpstop" command
automatically.

--exclude-uepm- n During the export operation, does not back up the PostgreSQL database
postgres-db from the Endpoint Security Management Server.
n During the import operation, does not restore the PostgreSQL database
on the Endpoint Security Management Server.

--include-uepm- n During the export operation, backs up the MSI files from the Endpoint
msi-files Security Management Server.
n During the import operation, restores the MSI files on the Endpoint
Security Management Server.

/<Full Path>/ Absolute path to the exported database file.

This path must exist.

<Name of n During the export operation, specifies the name of the output file.
Exported File> The command automatically adds the *.tgz extension.
n During the import operation, specifies the name of the exported file.
You must manually enter the *.tgz extension in the end.

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 migrate

Example 1 - Export operation succeeded

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cd $FWDIR/bin/upgrade_tools/
[Expert@MGMT:0]# ./migrate export /var/log/Migrate_Export

You are required to close all clients to Security Management Server

or execute 'cpstop' before the Export operation begins.

Do you want to continue? (y/n) [n]? y

Copying required files...

Compressing files...

The operation completed successfully.

Location of archive with exported database: /var/log/Migrate_Export.tgz

[Expert@MGMT:0]#
[Expert@MGMT:0]# find / -name migrate-\* -type f
/var/log/opt/CPshrd-R81.20/migrate-2019.06.14_11.03.46.log
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

Example 2 - Export operation failed

[Expert@MGMT:0]# ./migrate export /var/log/My_Migrate_Export

Execution finished with errors. See log file '/opt/CPshrd-R81.20/log/migrate-2019.06.14_11.21.39.log' for
further details
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 migrate_server

migrate_server
Important - This command is used to migrate the management database from
R80.20.M1, R80.20, R80.20.M2, R80.30, and higher versions.
For more information, see:
n sk135172 - Upgrade Tools
n The R81.20 Installation and Upgrade Guide

Description
Exports the management database and applicable Check Point configuration.
Imports the exported management database and applicable Check Point configuration.
Backing up and restoring in Management High Availability environment:
n To back up and restore a consistent environment, make sure to collect and
restore the backups and snapshots from all servers in the High Availability
environment at the same time.
n Make sure other administrators do not make changes in SmartConsole until the
backup operation is completed.
For more information:
n About Gaia Backup and Gaia Snapshot, see the R81.20 Gaia Administration
Guide.
n About Virtual Machine Snapshots, see the vendor documentation.

Notes:
n You must run this command from the Expert mode.
n If it is necessary to back up the current management database, and you do not
plan to import it on a Management Server that runs a higher software version,
then you can use the built-in command in the $FWDIR/scripts/ directory.
n If you plan to import the management database on a Management Server that
runs a higher software version, then you must use the migrate_server utility
from the migration tools package created specifically for that higher software
version. See the Installation and Upgrade Guide for that higher software
version.
n If this command completes successfully, it creates this log file:
/var/log/opt/CPshrd-R81.20/migrate-<YYYY.MM.DD_
HH.MM.SS>.log
For example: /var/log/opt/CPshrd-R81.20/migrate-2022.06.14_11.03.46.log
n If this command fails, it creates this log file:
$CPDIR/log/migrate-<YYYY.MM.DD_HH.MM.SS>.log
For example: /opt/CPshrd-R81.20/log/migrate-2022 - 2023.06.14_11.21.39.log

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 migrate_server

Syntax
n To see the built-in help:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cd $FWDIR/scripts/
[Expert@MGMT:0]# ./migrate_server -h

n To run the Pre-Upgrade Verifier:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cd $FWDIR/scripts/
[Expert@MGMT:0]# ./migrate_server verify -v R81.20 [-skip_upgrade_
tools_check]

n To export the management database and configuration:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cd $FWDIR/scripts/
[Expert@MGMT:0]# ./migrate_server export -v R81.20 [-skip_upgrade_
tools_check] [-l | -x] [--include-uepm-msi-files] [--exclude-uepm-
postgres-db] [--ignore_warnings] /<Full Path>/<Name of Exported File>

n To import the management database and configuration:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cd $FWDIR/scripts/
[Expert@MGMT:0]# ./migrate_server import -v R81.20 [-skip_upgrade_
tools_check] [-l | -x] [/var/log/mdss.json] [--include-uepm-msi-files]
[--exclude-uepm-postgres-db] /<Full Path>/<Name of Exported File>.tgz

n To import the Domain Management Server database and configuration on a Security Management
Server:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cd $FWDIR/scripts/
[Expert@MGMT:0]# ./migrate_server migrate_import_domain -v R81.20 [-
skip_upgrade_tools_check] [-l | -x] [/var/log/mdss.json] [--include-
uepm-msi-files] [--exclude-uepm-postgres-db] /<Full Path>/<Name of
Exported File>.tgz

Parameters

Parameter Description

-h Shows the built-in help.

export Exports the management database and applicable Check Point configuration.

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 migrate_server

Parameter Description

import Imports the management database and applicable Check Point configuration that
were exported from another Management Server.
Important:
n This command automatically restarts Check Point services (runs the
"cpstop" and "cpstart" commands).
n This note applies to a Multi-Domain Security Management environment, if at
least one of the servers changes its IPv4 address comparing to the source
server, from which you exported its database.
You must do these steps before you start the upgrade and import:
1. You must create a special JSON configuration file with the new IPv4
address(es).
Syntax:
[{"name":"<Name of Server 1 Object in
SmartConsole>","newIpAddress4":"<New IPv4
Address of Server 1>"},
{"name":"<Name of Server 2 Object in
SmartConsole>","newIpAddress4":"<New IPv4
Address of Server 2>"}]
Example:
[{"name":"MyPrimaryMultiDomainServer","newIpAddr
ess4":"172.30.40.51"},
{"name":"MySecondaryMultiDomainServer","newIpAdd
ress4":"172.30.40.52"}]
2. You must call this file: mdss.json
3. You must put this file on all servers in this directory: /var/log/

migrate_ On a Security Management Server, imports the management database and

import_ applicable Check Point configuration that were exported from a Domain
domain Management Server.

Important - This command automatically restarts Check Point services

(runs the "cpstop" and "cpstart" commands).

verify Verifies the management database and applicable Check Point configuration that
were exported from another Management Server.

-v R81.20 Specifies the version, to which you plan to migrate / upgrade.

-skip_ Does not try to connect to Check Point Cloud to check for a more recent version of
upgrade_ the Upgrade Tools.
tools_check
Best Practice - Use this parameter on the Management Server that is not
connected to the Internet.

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 migrate_server

Parameter Description

-l Exports and imports the Check Point logs without log indexes in the $FWDIR/log/
directory.
Important:
n The command can export only closed logs (to which the information
is not currently written).
n If you use this parameter, it can take the command a long time to
complete (depends on the number of logs).

-x Exports and imports the Check Point logs with their log indexes in the $FWDIR/log/
directory.
Important:
n Before you use this parameter, it is necessary to make sure all log
indexes are closed and saved.
Run this command in the Expert mode and wait for the output to
show "Solr stopped":
$RTDIR/scripts/stopSolr.sh
n This parameter only supports Management Servers and Log
Servers R80.10 and higher.
n The command can export only closed logs (to which the information
is not currently written).
n If you use this parameter, it can take the command a long time to
complete (depends on the number of logs and indexes).

/var/log/mds Specifies the absolute path to the special JSON configuration file with new IPv4
s.json addresses.
The path and filename are mandatory.
This file is mandatory during an upgrade of a Multi-Domain Security Management
environment.
Even if only one of the servers migrates to a new IP address, all the other servers
must get this configuration file for the import process.
Syntax:
[{"name":"<Name of Server 1 Object in
SmartConsole>","newIpAddress4":"<New IPv4 Address of
Server 1>"},
{"name":"<Name of Server 2 Object in
SmartConsole>","newIpAddress4":"<New IPv4 Address of
Server 2>"}]
Example:
[{"name":"MyPrimaryMultiDomainServer","newIpAddress4":"172
.30.40.51"},
{"name":"MySecondaryMultiDomainServer","newIpAddress4":"17
2.30.40.52"}]

--include- n During the export operation, backs up the MSI files from the Endpoint Security
uepm-msi- Management Server.
files n During the import operation, restores the MSI files on the Endpoint Security
Management Server.

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 migrate_server

Parameter Description

--exclude- n During the export operation, does not back up the PostgreSQL database from
uepm- the Endpoint Security Management Server.
postgres-db n During the import operation, does not restore the PostgreSQL database on the
Endpoint Security Management Server.

--ignore_ If during an upgrade procedure, the Pre-Upgrade Verifier shows warnings, you can
warnings use this parameter to ignore warnings and continue the upgrade.
or
-ivw Important - To prevent issues during and after upgrade, we strongly
recommend to resolve all issues and not use this parameter.

--exclude- n During the export operation, does not back up the licenses from the
licenses Management Server.
n During the import operation, does not restore the license on the Management
Server.

--no_ Disables the progress bar in the command line.

progress_bar
or
-npb

-n Disables the interactive mode.

/<Full Specifies the absolute path to the exported database file. This path must exist.
Path>/<Name
of Exported
n During the export operation, specifies the name of the output file.
File> The command automatically adds the *.tgz extension.
n During the import operation, specifies the name of the exported file.
You must manually enter the *.tgz extension in the end.

Example 1 - Export operation succeeded

[Expert@MGMT:0]# cd $FWDIR/scripts/
[Expert@MGMT:0]# ./migrate_server export /var/log/Migrate_Export

You are required to close all clients to Security Management Server

or execute 'cpstop' before the Export operation begins.

Do you want to continue? (y/n) [n]? y

Copying required files...

Compressing files...

The operation completed successfully.

Location of archive with exported database: /var/log/Migrate_Export.tgz

[Expert@MGMT:0]#
[Expert@MGMT:0]# find / -name migrate-\* -type f
/var/log/opt/CPshrd-R81.20/migrate-2022 - 2023.06.14_11.03.46.log
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 migrate_server

Example 2 - Export operation failed

[Expert@MGMT:0]# ./migrate_server export /var/log/My_Migrate_Export

Execution finished with errors. See log file '/opt/CPshrd-R81.20/log/migrate-2022 - 2023.06.14_11.21.39.log'
for further details
[Expert@MGMT:0]#

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 queryDB_util

queryDB_util
Description
Searches in the management database for objects or policy rules.

Important - This command is obsolete for R80 and higher. Use the "mgmt_cli" on
page 694 command to search in the management database for objects or policy rules
according to search parameters.

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 rs_db_tool

rs_db_tool
Description
Manages Dynamically Assigned IP address (DAIP) gateways in a DAIP database.
Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax
n To add an entry to the DAIP database:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# rs_db_tool [-d] -operation add -name <Object Name> -ip

<IPv4 Address> -ip6 <Pv6 Address> -TTL <Time-To-Live>

n To fetch a specific entry from the DAIP database:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# rs_db_tool [-d] -operation fetch -name <Object Name>

n To delete a specific entry from the DAIP database:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# rs_db_tool [-d] -operation delete -name <Object Name>

n To list all entries in the DAIP database:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# rs_db_tool [-d] -operation list

n To synchronize the DAIP database:

[Expert@MGMT:0]# rs_db_tool [-d] -operation sync

Note - You must run this command from the Expert mode.

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 rs_db_tool

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter, then redirect the output
to a file, or use the script command to save the entire CLI
session.

-name <Object Specifies the name of the DAIP object.

Name>

-ip <IPv4 Address> Specifies the IPv4 address of the DAIP object

-ip6 <IPv6 Specifies the IPv6 address of the DAIP object.

Address>

-TTL <Time-To- Specifies the relative time interval (in seconds), during which the entry is
Live> valid.

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 sam_alert

sam_alert
Description
For SAM v1, this utility executes Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) actions according to the information
received from the standard input.
For SAM v2, this utility executes Suspicious Activity Monitoring (SAM) actions with User Defined Alerts
mechanism.
Important:
n You must run this command on the Management Server.
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Notes:
n VSX Gateways and VSX Cluster Members do not support Suspicious Activity
Monitoring (SAM) Rules. See sk79700.
n See the "fw sam" on page 619 and "fw sam_policy" on page 625 commands.

SAM v1 syntax
sam_alert [-v] [-o] [-s <SAM Server>] [-t <Time>] [-f <Security Gateway>]
[-C] {-n|-i|-I} {-src|-dst|-any|-srv}

Parameters for SAM v1

Parameter Description

-v Enables the verbose mode for the "fw sam" command.

-o Specifies to print the input of this tool to the standard output (to use with pipes in a
CLI syntax).

-s <SAM Specifies the SAM Server to be contacted. Default is "localhost".

Server>

-t <Time> Specifies the time (in seconds), during which to enforce the action. The default is
forever.

-f Specifies the Security Gateway / Cluster object, on which to run the operation.
<Security
Gateway> Important - If you do not specify the target Security Gateway / Cluster
object explicitly, this command applies to all managed Security Gateways
and Clusters.

-C Cancels the specified operation.

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 sam_alert

Parameter Description

-n Specifies to notify every time a connection, which matches the specified criteria,
passes through the Security Gateway / ClusterXL / Security Group.

-i Inhibits (drops or rejects) connections that match the specified criteria.

-I Inhibits (drops or rejects) connections that match the specified criteria and closes
all existing connections that match the specified criteria.

-src Matches the source address of connections.

-dst Matches the destination address of connections.

-any Matches either the source or destination address of connections.

-srv Matches specific source, destination, protocol and port.

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 sam_alert

SAM v2 syntax
sam_alert -v2 [-v] [-O] [-S <SAM Server>] [-t <Time>] [-f <Security
Gateway>] [-n <Name>] [-c "<Comment">] [-o <Originator>] [-l {r | a}] -a
{d | r| n | b | q | i} [-C] {-ip |-eth} {-src|-dst|-any|-srv}

Parameters for SAM v2

Parameter Description

-v2 Specifies to use SAM v2.

-v Enables the verbose mode for the "fw sam" command.

-O Specifies to print the input of this tool to the standard output (to use with
pipes in a CLI syntax).

-S <SAM Server> Specifies the SAM server to be contacted. Default is "localhost".

-t <Time> Specifies the time (in seconds), during which to enforce the action. The
default is forever.

-f <Security Specifies the Security Gateway / Cluster object, on which to run the
Gateway> operation.
Important - If you do not specify the target Security Gateway /
Cluster object explicitly, this command applies to all managed
Security Gateways and Clusters.

-n <Name> Specifies the name for the SAM rule.

Default is empty.

-c "<Comment>" Specifies the comment for the SAM rule.

Default is empty.
You must enclose the text in the double quotes or single quotes.

-o <Originator> Specifies the originator for the SAM rule.

Default is "sam_alert".

-l {r | a} Specifies the log type for connections that match the specified criteria:
n r - Regular
n a - Alert
Default is None.

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 sam_alert

Parameter Description

-a {d | r| n | b | Specifies the action to apply on connections that match the specified

q | i} criteria:
n d - Drop
n r - Reject
n n - Notify
n b - Bypass
n q - Quarantine
n i - Inspect

-C Specifies to close all existing connections that match the criteria.

-ip Specifies to use IP addresses as criteria parameters.

-eth Specifies to use MAC addresses as criteria parameters.

-src Matches the source address of connections.

-dst Matches the destination address of connections.

-any Matches either the source or destination address of connections.

-srv Matches specific source, destination, protocol and port.

Example
See sk110873: How to configure Security Gateway to detect and prevent port scan.

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 stattest

stattest
Description
Check Point AMON client to query SNMP OIDs.
You can use this command as an alternative to the standard SNMP commands for debug purposes - to
make sure the applicable SNMP OIDs provide the requested information.
Notes:
n You can run this command only in the Expert mode.
n On a Multi-Domain Server, you must run this command in the context of the
applicable Domain Management Server:
mdsenv <IP Address or Name of Domain Management Server>

Syntax to query a Regular OID

n On a Management Server / Security Gateway / Cluster Member:
stattest get [-d] [-h <Host>] [-p <Port>] [-x <Proxy Server>] [-v <VSID>] [-t <Timeout>] <Regular_OID_1> <Regular_OID_2> ... <Regular_OID_N>

Notes:
n These Regular OIDs are specified in the SNMP MIB files.
n For Check Point MIB files, see sk90470.

Syntax to query a Statistical OID

n On a Management Server / Security Gateway / Cluster Member:
stattest get [-d] [-h <Host>] [-p <Port>] [-x <Proxy Server>] -l <Polling Interval> -r <Polling Duration> [-v <VSID>] [-t <Timeout>] <Statistical_
OID_1> <Statistical_OID_2> ... <Statistical_OID_N>

Notes:
n These Statistical OIDs take some time to "initialize".
n For example, to calculate an average, it is necessary to collect enough samples.
n Check Point statistical OIDs are registered in the $CPDIR/conf/statistical_oid.conf file.

Parameters

Parameter Description

-d Runs the command in debug mode.

Use only if you troubleshoot the command itself.
Best Practice - If you use this parameter,
then redirect the output to a file, or use
the script command to save the entire
CLI session.

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 stattest

Parameter Description

-h <Host> Specifies the remote Check Point host to query by

its IP address or resolvable hostname.

-p <Port> Specifies the port number, on which the AMON

server listens. Default port is 18192.

-x <Proxy Server> Specifies the Proxy Server by its IP address or

resolvable hostname.

Note - Use only when you query a remote

host.

-l <Polling Interval> Specifies the time in seconds between queries.

Note - Use only when you query a

Statistical OID.

-r <Polling Duration> Specifies the time in seconds, during which to run

consecutive queries.

Note - Use only when you query a

Statistical OID.

-t <Timeout> Specifies the session timeout in milliseconds.

<Regular_OID_1> <Regular_OID_2> ... Specifies the Regular OIDs to query.

<Regular_OID_N> Notes:
n OID must not start with period.
n Separate the OIDs with spaces.
n You can specify up to 100 OIDs.

<Statistical_OID_1> <Statistical_ Specifies the Statistical OIDs to query.

OID_2> ... <Statistical_OID_N> Notes:
n OID must not start with period.
n Separate the OIDs with spaces.
n You can specify up to 100 OIDs.

Example - Query a Regular OID

Query the CPU Idle utilization at the OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2620.1.6.7.2.3 (procIdleTime).

[Expert@HostName]# stattest get 1.3.6.1.4.1.2620.1.6.7.4.2

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 stattest

Example - Query a Statistical OID

Query the CPU Idle utilization at the OID 1.3.6.1.4.1.2620.1.6.7.2.3 (procIdleTime).
Information is collected with intervals of 5 seconds during 5 seconds

[Expert@HostName]# stattest get -l 5 -r 5 1.3.6.1.4.1.2620.1.6.7.2.3

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 threshold_config

threshold_config
Description
You can configure a variety of different SNMP thresholds that generate SNMP traps, or alerts.
You can use these thresholds to monitor many system components automatically without requesting
information from each object or device.
You configure these SNMP Monitoring Thresholds only on the Security Management Server, Multi-Domain
Server, or Domain Management Server.
During policy installation, the managed a Security Gateway and Clusters receive and apply these thresholds
as part of their policy.
For more information, see sk90860: How to configure SNMP on Gaia OS.

Procedure

Step Instructions

1 Connect to the command line on the Management Server.

2 Log in to the Expert mode.

3 On a Multi-Domain Server, switch to the context of the applicable Domain Management

Server:
[Expert@HostName:0]# mdsenv <Name or IP address of Domain
Management Server>

4 Go to the Threshold Engine Configuration menu:

[Expert@HostName:0]# threshold_config

5 Select the applicable options and configure the applicable settings

(see the Threshold Engine Configuration Options table below).
Threshold Engine Configuration Options:
---------------------------------------

(1) Show policy name

(2) Set policy name
(3) Save policy
(4) Save policy to file
(5) Load policy from file
(6) Configure global alert settings
(7) Configure alert destinations
(8) View thresholds overview
(9) Configure thresholds

(e) Exit (m) Main Menu

Enter your choice (1-9) :

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 threshold_config

Step Instructions

6 Exit from the Threshold Engine Configuration menu.

7 Stop the CPD daemon:

[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin stop -name CPD -path
"$CPDIR/bin/cpd_admin" -command "cpd_admin stop"
See "cpwd_admin stop" on page 581.

8 Start the CPD daemon:

[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin start -name CPD -path
"$CPDIR/bin/cpd" -command "cpd"
See "cpwd_admin start" on page 578.

9 Wait for 10-20 seconds.

10 Verify that CPD daemon started successfully:

[Expert@HostName:0]# cpwd_admin list | egrep "STAT|CPD"
See "cpwd_admin list" on page 575.

11 In SmartConsole, install the Access Control Policy on Security Gateways and Clusters.

Threshold Engine Configuration Options

Menu item Description

(1) Show policy Shows the name of the current configured threshold policy.
name

(2) Set policy Configures the name for the threshold policy.
name If you do not specify it explicitly, then the default name is "Default
Profile".

(3) Save policy Saves the changes in the current threshold policy.

(4) Save policy Exports the configured threshold policy to a file.

to file If you do not specify the path explicitly, the file is saved in the current working
directory.

(5) Load policy Imports a threshold policy from a file.

from file If you do not specify the path explicitly, the file is imported from the current
working directory.

(6) Configure Configures global settings:

global alert
settings
n How frequently alerts are sent (configured delay must be greater than
30 seconds)
n How many alerts are sent

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 threshold_config

Menu item Description

(7) Configure Configures the SNMP Network Management System (NMS), to which the
alert managed Security Gateways and Cluster Members send their SNMP alerts.
destinations
Configure Alert Destinations Options:
-------------------------------------
(1) View alert destinations
(2) Add SNMP NMS
(3) Remove SNMP NMS
(4) Edit SNMP NMS

(8) View Shows a list of all available thresholds and their current settings. These
thresholds include:
overview
n Name
n Category (see the next option "(9)")
n State (disabled or enabled)
n Threshold (threshold point, if applicable)
n Description

(9) Configure Shows the list of threshold categories to configure.

thresholds
Thresholds Categories
----------------------
(1) Hardware
(2) High Availability
(3) Local Logging Mode Status
(4) Log Server Connectivity
(5) Networking
(6) Resources
See the Thresholds Categories table below.

Thresholds Categories

Category Sub-Categories

(1) Hardware Hardware Thresholds:

--------------------
(1) RAID volume state
(2) RAID disk state
(3) RAID disk flags
(4) Temperature sensor reading
(5) Fan speed sensor reading
(6) Voltage sensor reading

(2) High Availability High Availability Thresholds:

-----------------------------
(1) Cluster member state changed
(2) Cluster block state
(3) Cluster state
(4) Cluster problem status
(5) Cluster interface status

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 threshold_config

Category Sub-Categories

(3) Local Logging Mode Status Local Logging Mode Status Thresholds:
-------------------------------------
(1) Local Logging Mode

(4) Log Server Connectivity Log Server Connectivity Thresholds:

-----------------------------------
(1) Connection with log server
(2) Connection with all log servers

(5) Networking Networking Thresholds:

----------------------
(1) Interface Admin Status
(2) Interface removed
(3) Interface Operational Link Status
(4) New connections rate
(5) Concurrent connections rate
(6) Bytes Throughput
(7) Accepted Packet Rate
(8) Drop caused by excessive traffic

(6) Resources Resources Thresholds:

---------------------
(1) Swap Memory Utilization
(2) Real Memory Utilization
(3) Partition free space
(4) Core Utilization
(5) Core interrupts rate

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 threshold_config

Notes:
n If you run the threshold_config command locally on a Security Gateway or
Cluster Members to configure the SNMP Monitoring Thresholds, then each policy
installation erases these local SNMP threshold settings and reverts them to the
global SNMP threshold settings configured on the Management Server that
manages this Security Gateway or Cluster.
n On a Security Gateway and Cluster Members, you can save the local Threshold
Engine Configuration settings to a file and load it locally later.
n The Threshold Engine Configuration is stored in the
$FWDIR/conf/thresholds.conf file.
n In a Multi-Domain Security Management environment:
l You can configure the SNMP thresholds in the context of Multi-Domain

Server (MDS) and in the context of each individual Domain Management

Server.
l Thresholds that you configure in the context of the Multi-Domain Server

are for the Multi-Domain Server only.

l Thresholds that you configure in the context of a Domain Management

Server are for that Domain Management Server and its managed Security
Gateway and Clusters.
l If an SNMP threshold applies both to the Multi-Domain Server and a

Domain Management Server, then configure the SNMP threshold both in

the context of the Multi-Domain Server and in the context of the Domain
Management Server.
However, in this scenario you can only get alerts from the Multi-Domain
Server, if the monitored object exceeds the threshold.
Example:
If you configure the CPU threshold, then when the monitored value
exceeds the configured threshold, it applies to both the Multi-Domain
Server and the Domain Management Server. However, only the Multi-
Domain Server generates SNMP alerts.

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 Glossary

Glossary
A

Active Security Management Server

The Management Server in Management High Availability that is currently configured as
Active.

Anti-Bot
Check Point Software Blade on a Security Gateway that blocks botnet behavior and
communication to Command and Control (C&C) centers. Acronyms: AB, ABOT.

Anti-Spam
Check Point Software Blade on a Security Gateway that provides comprehensive
protection for email inspection. Synonym: Anti-Spam & Email Security. Acronyms: AS,
ASPAM.

Anti-Virus
Check Point Software Blade on a Security Gateway that uses real-time virus signatures
and anomaly-based protections from ThreatCloud to detect and block malware at the
Security Gateway before users are affected. Acronym: AV.

Application Control
Check Point Software Blade on a Security Gateway that allows granular control over
specific web-enabled applications by using deep packet inspection. Acronym: APPI.

Audit Log
Log that contains administrator actions on a Management Server (login and logout,
creation or modification of an object, installation of a policy, and so on).

Bridge Mode
Security Gateway or Virtual System that works as a Layer 2 bridge device for easy
deployment in an existing topology.

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 Glossary

Cluster
Two or more Security Gateways that work together in a redundant configuration - High
Availability, or Load Sharing.

Cluster Member
Security Gateway that is part of a cluster.

Compliance
Check Point Software Blade on a Management Server to view and apply the Security
Best Practices to the managed Security Gateways. This Software Blade includes a
library of Check Point-defined Security Best Practices to use as a baseline for good
Security Gateway and Policy configuration.

Content Awareness
Check Point Software Blade on a Security Gateway that provides data visibility and
enforcement. See sk119715. Acronym: CTNT.

CoreXL
Performance-enhancing technology for Security Gateways on multi-core processing
platforms. Multiple Check Point Firewall instances are running in parallel on multiple
CPU cores.

CoreXL Firewall Instance

On a Security Gateway with CoreXL enabled, the Firewall kernel is copied multiple
times. Each replicated copy, or firewall instance, runs on one processing CPU core.
These firewall instances handle traffic at the same time, and each firewall instance is a
complete and independent firewall inspection kernel. Synonym: CoreXL FW Instance.

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 Glossary

CoreXL SND
Secure Network Distributer. Part of CoreXL that is responsible for: Processing incoming
traffic from the network interfaces; Securely accelerating authorized packets (if
SecureXL is enabled); Distributing non-accelerated packets between Firewall kernel
instances (SND maintains global dispatching table, which maps connections that were
assigned to CoreXL Firewall instances). Traffic distribution between CoreXL Firewall
instances is statically based on Source IP addresses, Destination IP addresses, and the
IP 'Protocol' type. The CoreXL SND does not really "touch" packets. The decision to stick
to a particular FWK daemon is done at the first packet of connection on a very high level,
before anything else. Depending on the SecureXL settings, and in most of the cases, the
SecureXL can be offloading decryption calculations. However, in some other cases,
such as with Route-Based VPN, it is done by FWK daemon.

CPUSE
Check Point Upgrade Service Engine for Gaia Operating System. With CPUSE, you can
automatically update Check Point products for the Gaia OS, and the Gaia OS itself. For
details, see sk92449.

DAIP Gateway
Dynamically Assigned IP (DAIP) Security Gateway is a Security Gateway, on which the
IP address of the external interface is assigned dynamically by the ISP.

Data Loss Prevention

Check Point Software Blade on a Security Gateway that detects and prevents the
unauthorized transmission of confidential information outside the organization. Acronym:
DLP.

Data Type
Classification of data in a Check Point Security Policy for the Content Awareness
Software Blade.

Distributed Deployment
Configuration in which the Check Point Security Gateway and the Security Management
Server products are installed on different computers.

Dynamic Object
Special object type, whose IP address is not known in advance. The Security Gateway
resolves the IP address of this object in real time.

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 Glossary

Endpoint Policy Management

Check Point Software Blade on a Management Server to manage an on-premises
Harmony Endpoint Security environment.

Expert Mode
The name of the elevated command line shell that gives full system root permissions in
the Check Point Gaia operating system.

Gaia
Check Point security operating system that combines the strengths of both
SecurePlatform and IPSO operating systems.

Gaia Clish
The name of the default command line shell in Check Point Gaia operating system. This
is a restricted shell (role-based administration controls the number of commands
available in the shell).

Gaia Portal
Web interface for the Check Point Gaia operating system.

Hotfix
Software package installed on top of the current software version to fix a wrong or
undesired behavior, and to add a new behavior.

HTTPS Inspection
Feature on a Security Gateway that inspects traffic encrypted by the Secure Sockets
Layer (SSL) protocol for malware or suspicious patterns. Synonym: SSL Inspection.
Acronyms: HTTPSI, HTTPSi.

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 Glossary

ICA
Internal Certificate Authority. A component on Check Point Management Server that
issues certificates for authentication.

Identity Awareness
Check Point Software Blade on a Security Gateway that enforces network access and
audits data based on network location, the identity of the user, and the identity of the
computer. Acronym: IDA.

Identity Logging
Check Point Software Blade on a Management Server to view Identity Logs from the
managed Security Gateways with enabled Identity Awareness Software Blade.

Inline Layer
Set of rules used in another rule in Security Policy.

Internal Network
Computers and resources protected by the Firewall and accessed by authenticated
users.

IPS
Check Point Software Blade on a Security Gateway that inspects and analyzes packets
and data for numerous types of risks (Intrusion Prevention System).

IPsec VPN
Check Point Software Blade on a Security Gateway that provides a Site to Site VPN and
Remote Access VPN access.

Jumbo Hotfix Accumulator

Collection of hotfixes combined into a single package. Acronyms: JHA, JHF, JHFA.

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 Glossary

Kerberos
An authentication server for Microsoft Windows Active Directory Federation Services
(ADFS).

Log Server
Dedicated Check Point server that runs Check Point software to store and process logs.

Logging & Status

Check Point Software Blade on a Management Server to view Security Logs from the
managed Security Gateways.

Management High Availability

Deployment and configuration mode of two Check Point Management Servers, in which
they automatically synchronize the management databases with each other. In this
mode, one Management Server is Active, and the other is Standby. Acronyms:
Management HA, MGMT HA.

Management Interface
(1) Interface on a Gaia Security Gateway or Cluster member, through which
Management Server connects to the Security Gateway or Cluster member. (2) Interface
on Gaia computer, through which users connect to Gaia Portal or CLI.

Management Server
Check Point Single-Domain Security Management Server or a Multi-Domain Security
Management Server.

Manual NAT Rules

Manual configuration of NAT rules by the administrator of the Check Point Management
Server.

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 Glossary

Mobile Access
Check Point Software Blade on a Security Gateway that provides a Remote Access VPN
access for managed and unmanaged clients. Acronym: MAB.

Multi-Domain Log Server

Dedicated Check Point server that runs Check Point software to store and process logs
in a Multi-Domain Security Management environment. The Multi-Domain Log Server
consists of Domain Log Servers that store and process logs from Security Gateways that
are managed by the corresponding Domain Management Servers. Acronym: MDLS.

Multi-Domain Server
Dedicated Check Point server that runs Check Point software to host virtual Security
Management Servers called Domain Management Servers. Synonym: Multi-Domain
Security Management Server. Acronym: MDS.

Network Object
Logical object that represents different parts of corporate topology - computers, IP
addresses, traffic protocols, and so on. Administrators use these objects in Security
Policies.

Network Policy Management

Check Point Software Blade on a Management Server to manage an on-premises
environment with an Access Control and Threat Prevention policies.

Open Server
Physical computer manufactured and distributed by a company, other than Check Point.

Package Repository
Collection of software packages that were uploaded to the Management Server. You can
easily install these packages in SmartConsole on the managed Security Gateways.

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 Glossary

Permission Profile
Predefined group of SmartConsole access permissions assigned to Domains and
administrators. With this feature you can configure complex permissions for many
administrators with one definition.

Policy Layer
Layer (set of rules) in a Security Policy.

Policy Package
Collection of different types of Security Policies, such as Access Control, Threat
Prevention, QoS, and Desktop Security. After installation, Security Gateways enforce all
Policies in the Policy Package.

Primary Security Management Server

The Security Management Server in Management High Availability that you install as
Primary.

Provisioning
Check Point Software Blade on a Management Server that manages large-scale
deployments of Check Point Security Gateways using configuration profiles. Synonyms:
SmartProvisioning, SmartLSM, Large-Scale Management, LSM.

QoS
Check Point Software Blade on a Security Gateway that provides policy-based traffic
bandwidth management to prioritize business-critical traffic and guarantee bandwidth
and control latency.

Rule
Set of traffic parameters and other conditions in a Rule Base (Security Policy) that cause
specified actions to be taken for a communication session.

Rule Base
All rules configured in a given Security Policy. Synonym: Rulebase.

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 Glossary

Secondary Security Management Server

The Security Management Server in Management High Availability that you install as
Secondary.

SecureXL
Check Point product on a Security Gateway that accelerates IPv4 and IPv6 traffic that
passes through a Security Gateway.

Security Gateway
Dedicated Check Point server that runs Check Point software to inspect traffic and
enforce Security Policies for connected network resources.

Security Management Server

Dedicated Check Point server that runs Check Point software to manage the objects and
policies in a Check Point environment within a single management Domain. Synonym:
Single-Domain Security Management Server.

Security Policy
Collection of rules that control network traffic and enforce organization guidelines for
data protection and access to resources with packet inspection.

SIC
Secure Internal Communication. The Check Point proprietary mechanism with which
Check Point computers that run Check Point software authenticate each other over SSL,
for secure communication. This authentication is based on the certificates issued by the
ICA on a Check Point Management Server.

SmartConsole
Check Point GUI application used to manage a Check Point environment - configure
Security Policies, configure devices, monitor products and events, install updates, and
so on.

SmartDashboard
Legacy Check Point GUI client used to create and manage the security settings in
versions R77.30 and lower. In versions R80.X and higher is still used to configure
specific legacy settings.

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 Glossary

SmartProvisioning
Check Point Software Blade on a Management Server (the actual name is
"Provisioning") that manages large-scale deployments of Check Point Security
Gateways using configuration profiles. Synonyms: Large-Scale Management,
SmartLSM, LSM.

SmartUpdate
Legacy Check Point GUI client used to manage licenses and contracts in a Check Point
environment.

Software Blade
Specific security solution (module): (1) On a Security Gateway, each Software Blade
inspects specific characteristics of the traffic (2) On a Management Server, each
Software Blade enables different management capabilities.

Standalone
Configuration in which the Security Gateway and the Security Management Server
products are installed and configured on the same server.

Standby Security Management Server

The Security Management Server in Management High Availability that is currently
configured as Standby.

Threat Emulation
Check Point Software Blade on a Security Gateway that monitors the behavior of files in
a sandbox to determine whether or not they are malicious. Acronym: TE.

Threat Extraction
Check Point Software Blade on a Security Gateway that removes malicious content from
files. Acronym: TEX.

Updatable Object
Network object that represents an external service, such as Microsoft 365, AWS, Geo
locations, and more.

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 Glossary

URL Filtering
Check Point Software Blade on a Security Gateway that allows granular control over
which web sites can be accessed by a given group of users, computers or networks.
Acronym: URLF.

User Database
Check Point internal database that contains all users defined and managed in
SmartConsole.

User Directory
Check Point Software Blade on a Management Server that integrates LDAP and other
external user management servers with Check Point products and security solutions.

User Group
Named group of users with related responsibilities.

User Template
Property set that defines a type of user on which a security policy will be enforced.

VSX
Virtual System Extension. Check Point virtual networking solution, hosted on a computer
or cluster with virtual abstractions of Check Point Security Gateways and other network
devices. These Virtual Devices provide the same functionality as their physical
counterparts.

VSX Gateway
Physical server that hosts VSX virtual networks, including all Virtual Devices that provide
the functionality of physical network devices. It holds at least one Virtual System, which
is called VS0.

Zero Phishing
Check Point Software Blade on a Security Gateway (R81.20 and higher) that provides
real-time phishing prevention based on URLs. Acronym: ZPH.

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