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1.1 Day 15 Slides - Subnetting (Part 3)

The document discusses subnetting and VLSM (Variable-Length Subnet Masks). It provides answers to 5 quiz questions about subnetting a Class A network and identifying subnet details for a given IP address and prefix length. It then explains that VLSM allows for creating subnets of different sizes to more efficiently use network addresses, and outlines the steps to implement VLSM which include assigning the largest subnet first and repeating to assign all subnets.

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227 views61 pages

1.1 Day 15 Slides - Subnetting (Part 3)

The document discusses subnetting and VLSM (Variable-Length Subnet Masks). It provides answers to 5 quiz questions about subnetting a Class A network and identifying subnet details for a given IP address and prefix length. It then explains that VLSM allows for creating subnets of different sizes to more efficiently use network addresses, and outlines the steps to implement VLSM which include assigning the largest subnet first and repeating to assign all subnets.

Uploaded by

King's Films
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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CCNA 200-301 Day 15

Subnetting (Part 3)
Things we’ll cover

●
Answers to Day 14’s quiz questions
●
Subnetting Class A networks
●
VLSM (Variable-Length Subnet Masks)
●
Extra subnetting practice resources
QUIZ QUESTION 1

You have been given the 172.30.0.0/16 network. Your company


requires 100 subnets with at least 500 hosts per subnet. What prefix
length should you use?

Borrowed bits: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Num. of subnets: 2 4 8 16 32 64 128


QUIZ QUESTION 1 /23

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
172 . 30 . 0 . 0

9 host bits = 29- 2 = 510 usable addresses

Subnet mask:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

255 . 255 . 254 . 0


QUIZ QUESTION 2

What subnet does host 172.21.111.201/20 belong to?

Subnet ID: _____________/20

172.21.111.201
QUIZ QUESTION 2 /20

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 . 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 1
172 . 21 . 111 . 201

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 . 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

172 . 21 . 96 . 0
QUIZ QUESTION 2

What subnet does host 172.21.111.201/20 belong to?

Subnet ID: _____________/20


172.21.96.0

172.21.111.201
QUIZ QUESTION 3

What is the broadcast address of the network


192.168.91.78/26 belongs to?

Broadcast address: _______________/26

192.168.91.78
QUIZ QUESTION 3 /26

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 . 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 . 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0
192 . 168 . 91 . 78

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 . 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 . 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

192 . 168 . 91 . 127


QUIZ QUESTION 3

What is the broadcast address of the network


192.168.91.78/26 belongs to?

Broadcast address: _______________/26


192.168.91.127

192.168.91.78
QUIZ QUESTION 4

You divide the 172.16.0.0/16 network into 4 subnets of equal size.


Identify the network and broadcast addresses of the second subnet.

Borrow 2 bits = 22 = 4 subnets


QUIZ QUESTION 4 /18

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
172 . 16 . 0 . 0

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

172 . 16 . 64 . 0
= Network address of the second subnet.
QUIZ QUESTION 4 /18

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
172 . 16 . 64 . 0

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 . 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

172 . 16 . 127 . 255


= Broadcast address of the second subnet.
QUIZ QUESTION 5

You divide the 172.30.0.0/16 network into subnets of 1000 hosts


each. How many subnets are you able to make?

10 host bits = 210- 2 = 1022 hosts


QUIZ QUESTION 5 /22

1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0 . 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
172 . 30 . 0 . 0

6 borrowed bits = 26 = 64 subnets


Subnetting Class A Networks

The process of subnetting Class A, Class B, and Class C networks is


EXACTLY THE SAME!
Subnetting Class A Networks
You have been given the 10.0.0.0/8 network. You must create 2000 subnets which
will be distributed to various enterprises.

What prefix length must you use?

How many host addresses (usable addresses) will be in each subnet?


Subnetting Class B Networks /8

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 . 0 . 0 . 0

Borrowing 0 bits = can’t make any subnets

Subnet mask:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

255 . 0 . 0 . 0
Subnetting Class A Networks

2what? = at least 2000

211 = 2048
Subnetting Class B Networks /19

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 . 0 . 0 . 0

13 host bits = 213- 2 = 8190 hosts per subnet

Subnet mask:
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

255 . 255 . 224 . 0


Subnetting Class A Networks
You have been given the 10.0.0.0/8 network. You must create 2000 subnets which
will be distributed to various enterprises.

What prefix length must you use? /19


How many host addresses (usable addresses) will be in each subnet? 8190
Subnetting Class A Networks

PC1 has an IP address of 10.217.182.223/11.


Identify the following for PC1’s subnet:
1) Network address:
2) Broadcast address:
3) First usable address:
4) Last usable address:
5) Number of host (usable) addresses:

10.217.182.223
Subnetting Class A Networks /8

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 . 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 . 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
10 . 217 . 182 . 223
Network Address /11

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 . 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 . 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
10 . 217 . 182 . 223

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 . 192 . 0 . 0
First usable address /11

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 . 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 . 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
10 . 217 . 182 . 223

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
10 . 192 . 0 . 1
Broadcast address /11

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 . 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 . 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
10 . 217 . 182 . 223

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
10 . 223 . 255 . 255
Last usable address /11

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 . 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 0 . 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
10 . 217 . 182 . 223

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 . 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 0
10 . 223 . 255 . 254
Number of host addresses /11

0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 . 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
10 . 192 . 0 . 0

21 host bits = 221- 2 = 2,097,150 hosts per subnet


Subnetting Class A Networks

PC1 has an IP address of 10.217.182.223/11.


Identify the following for PC1’s subnet:
1) Network address: 10.192.0.0/11
2) Broadcast address: 10.223.255.255/11
3) First usable address: 10.192.0.1/11
4) Last usable address: 10.223.255.254/11
5) Number of host (usable) addresses: 2,097,150

10.217.182.223
Variable-Length Subnet Masks
●
Until now, we have practiced subnetting used FLSM (Fixed-Length
Subnet Masks).
●
This means that all of the subnets use the same prefix length (ie.
subnetting a class C network into 4 subnets using /26).
●
VLSM (Variable-Length Subnet Masks) is the process of creating
subnets of different sizes, to make your use of network addresses
more efficient.
●
VLSM is more complicated than FLSM, but it’s easy if you follow the
steps correctly.
VLSM

Tokyo LAN A Toronto LAN A


Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts

Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B


8 hosts 45 hosts

192.168.1.0/24
VLSM - Steps

1) Assign the largest subnet at the start of the address space.


2) Assign the second-largest subnet after it.
3) Repeat the process until all subnets have been assigned.
VLSM

Tokyo LAN A Toronto LAN A


1 3
Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts

Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B


5
8 hosts 45 hosts
4 2

192.168.1.0/24
Tokyo LAN A
Tokyo LAN A 192.168.1.0/24 Toronto LAN A
1 3
Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts

Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B


5
8 hosts 45 hosts
4 2
Network address:

Broadcast address:

First usable address:

Last usable address:

Total number of usable host addresses:


Tokyo LAN A /25

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
192 . 168 . 1 . 0

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
192 . 168 . 1 . 127
Tokyo LAN A
Tokyo LAN A 192.168.1.0/24 Toronto LAN A
1 3
Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts

Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B


5
8 hosts 45 hosts
4 2
Network address: 192.168.1.0/25

Broadcast address: 192.168.1.127/25

First usable address: 192.168.1.1/25

Last usable address: 192.168.1.126/25

Total number of usable host addresses: 126


VLSM

Tokyo LAN A Toronto LAN A


1 3
Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts
192.168.1.0/25

Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B


5
8 hosts 45 hosts
4 2

192.168.1.0/24
192.168.1.127 = broadcast address of Tokyo LAN A What prefix length?
192.168.1.128 = network address of Toronto LAN B
Toronto LAN B
Tokyo LAN A 192.168.1.0/24 Toronto LAN A
1 3
Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts
192.168.1.0/25

Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B


5
8 hosts 45 hosts
4 2
Network address: 192.168.1.128/??

Broadcast address:

First usable address:

Last usable address:

Total number of usable host addresses:


Toronto LAN B /26

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
192 . 168 . 1 . 128

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1
192 . 168 . 1 . 191
Toronto LAN B
Tokyo LAN A 192.168.1.0/24 Toronto LAN A
1 3
Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts
192.168.1.0/25

Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B


5
8 hosts 45 hosts
4 2
Network address: 192.168.1.128/26

Broadcast address: 192.168.1.191/26

First usable address: 192.168.1.129/26

Last usable address: 192.168.1.190/26

Total number of usable host addresses: 62


VLSM

Tokyo LAN A Toronto LAN A


1 3
Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts
192.168.1.0/25

Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B


5
8 hosts 45 hosts
4 2
192.168.1.128/26

192.168.1.0/24
192.168.1.191 = broadcast address of Toronto LAN B What prefix length?
192.168.1.192 = network address of Toronto LAN A
Toronto LAN A
Tokyo LAN A 192.168.1.0/24 Toronto LAN A
1 3
Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts
192.168.1.0/25

Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B


5
8 hosts 45 hosts
4 2
192.168.1.128/26
Network address: 192.168.1.192/??

Broadcast address:

First usable address:

Last usable address:

Total number of usable host addresses:


Toronto LAN A /27

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0
192 . 168 . 1 . 192

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1
192 . 168 . 1 . 223
Toronto LAN A
Tokyo LAN A 192.168.1.0/24 Toronto LAN A
1 3
Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts
192.168.1.0/25

Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B


5
8 hosts 45 hosts
4 2
192.168.1.128/26
Network address: 192.168.1.192/27

Broadcast address: 192.168.1.223/27

First usable address: 192.168.1.193/27

Last usable address: 192.168.1.222/27

Total number of usable host addresses: 30


VLSM

Tokyo LAN A Toronto LAN A


1 3
Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts
192.168.1.0/25 192.168.1.192/27
Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B
5
8 hosts 45 hosts
4 2
192.168.1.128/26

192.168.1.0/24
192.168.1.223 = broadcast address of Toronto LAN A What prefix length?
192.168.1.224 = network address of Tokyo LAN B
Tokyo LAN B
Tokyo LAN A 192.168.1.0/24 Toronto LAN A
1 3
Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts
192.168.1.0/25 192.168.1.192/27
Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B
5
8 hosts 45 hosts
4 2
192.168.1.128/26
Network address: 192.168.1.224/??

Broadcast address:

First usable address:

Last usable address:

Total number of usable host addresses:


Tokyo LAN B /28

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0
192 . 168 . 1 . 224

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 1 1 0 1 1 1 1
192 . 168 . 1 . 239
Tokyo LAN B
Tokyo LAN A 192.168.1.0/24 Toronto LAN A
1 3
Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts
192.168.1.0/25 192.168.1.192/27
Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B
5
8 hosts 45 hosts
4 2
192.168.1.128/26
Network address: 192.168.1.224/28

Broadcast address: 192.168.1.239/28

First usable address: 192.168.1.225/28

Last usable address: 192.168.1.238/28

Total number of usable host addresses: 14


VLSM

Tokyo LAN A Toronto LAN A


1 3
Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts
192.168.1.0/25 192.168.1.192/27
Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B
5
8 hosts 45 hosts
4 2
192.168.1.224/28 192.168.1.128/26

192.168.1.0/24
192.168.1.239 = broadcast address of Tokyo LAN B What prefix length?
192.168.1.240 = network address of point-to-point
connection
Point-to-point connection
Tokyo LAN A 192.168.1.0/24 Toronto LAN A
1 3
Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts
192.168.1.0/25 192.168.1.192/27
Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B
5
8 hosts 45 hosts
4 2
192.168.1.224/28 192.168.1.128/26
Network address: 192.168.1.240/??

Broadcast address:

First usable address:

Last usable address:

Total number of usable host addresses:


Point-to-point connection /30

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0
192 . 168 . 1 . 240

1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 . 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 . 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 . 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 1
192 . 168 . 1 . 243
Point-to-point connection
Tokyo LAN A 192.168.1.0/24 Toronto LAN A
1 3
Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts
192.168.1.0/25 192.168.1.192/27
Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B
5
8 hosts 45 hosts
4 2
192.168.1.224/28 192.168.1.128/26
Network address: 192.168.1.240/30

Broadcast address: 192.168.1.243/30

First usable address: 192.168.1.241/30

Last usable address: 192.168.1.242/30

Total number of usable host addresses: 2


VLSM

Tokyo LAN A Toronto LAN A


Point-to-point connection
110 hosts 29 hosts
192.168.1.0/25 192.168.1.192/27
Tokyo LAN B Toronto LAN B
192.168.1.240/30
8 hosts 45 hosts
192.168.1.224/28 192.168.1.128/26

192.168.1.0/24
VLSM - Steps

1) Assign the largest subnet at the start of the address space.


2) Assign the second-largest subnet after it.
3) Repeat the process until all subnets have been assigned.
Additional Practice

●
http://www.subnettingquestions.com/
●
http://subnetting.org/
●
https://subnettingpractice.com/
subnetting.org
subnettingquestions.com
subnettingpractice.com
QUIZ
●
There is NO QUIZ for this video
●
Instead, here is some homework: do at least ONE practice question from
EACH of those practice websites every day for at least one week.
Supplementary Materials

●
Packet Tracer lab
JCNP-Level Channel Members

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