Engineering Mathematics II

Workbook
Nuur Maisya Mazni

Publisher
Politeknik Kuching Sarawak
KM 22 Jalan Matang
93050 Kuching
Sarawak

All rights reserved

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in
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prior permission in writing at the above address.

Published 2019

Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data

Nuur Maisya Mazni
Engineering MATHEMATICS. II : WORKBOOK / NUUR MAISYA MAZNI.
Mode of access: Internet
eISBN 978-967-0797-78-6
1. Engineering mathematics--Problems, exercises, etc.
2. Government publications--Malaysia.
3. Electronic books.
I. Title.
510.2462
Engineering Mathematics II EXPONENTS AND LOGARITHMS

Workbook Define Exponent 2

Laws of Exponent 8
Simplify Exponent expressions 10
Define Logarithms 14

Laws of Logarithms 17

CONTENTS
Simplify Logarithm expressions 24

Solve equations involving Exponent and Logarithm 25

DIFFERENTIATION INTEGRATION
Rules of Differentiation 32 Rules of Integration 106
Techniques of Differentiation 37 Indefinite Integrals 110
Derivatives of Exponential Function 45 Definite Integrals 117
Derivatives of Logarithmic Function 48 Integration of Exponential Function 119

Derivatives of Trigonometric Function 53 Integration of Reciprocal Function 121

Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Function 58 Integration of Trigonometric Function 123

Second Order Differentiation 66 Integration by Substitution Method 125

Application of Differentiation Integration of Inverse Trigonometric Function 132

Maximum and Minimum Value 69
Parametric Equation 76 Integration by Parts 135
Rate of Change 81
Integration by Partial Fraction 141
Implicit Differentiation 88
Applications of Integration
Partial Differentiation 94 Area 148
Volume 157
Total Differentiation 102
Exponents
# Define exponent.
# Laws of exponents.
# Simplify exponent expressions.
The exponent of a number tells how many times the base number is being
multiplied.

𝑛𝑛
𝑎𝑎 Exponent
Or Index
Or Power
Base
Example Base Exponent In words
𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕 𝟐𝟐 Seven to the second power.
Seven to the power two.
Seven squared.
𝟕𝟕𝟑𝟑 𝟕𝟕 𝟑𝟑 Seven to the third power.
Seven to the power three.
Seven cubed
𝟕𝟕𝟒𝟒 𝟕𝟕 𝟒𝟒 Seven to the fourth power.
Seven to the power four.

2
 𝟐𝟐
𝟕𝟕 Seven to the second power means that 7 is being multiplied by itself two times.

𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕 x 𝟕𝟕 49
𝟕𝟕𝟑𝟑 𝟕𝟕 x 𝟕𝟕 x 𝟕𝟕 343
𝟕𝟕𝟒𝟒 𝟕𝟕 x 𝟕𝟕 x 𝟕𝟕 x 𝟕𝟕 2401

Let’s do it!

𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟑
𝟗𝟗𝟒𝟒
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟓𝟓
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟔𝟔
3
 −𝟐𝟐
𝟕𝟕 Negative exponents?
A negative exponent means the reciprocal of the positive exponent.

−𝟐𝟐
1
𝟕𝟕 = 𝟐𝟐
𝟕𝟕 #Reciprocal: What to multiply a value by to get 1.

The base 7 does not change. The negative exponent becomes positive in
the denominator. The result is always a fraction.

Example Base Exponent

𝟕𝟕−𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕 −𝟐𝟐
𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗−𝟑𝟑 𝒙𝒙 −𝟑𝟑
(𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)−𝟒𝟒 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 −𝟒𝟒

4
 Reciprocal of
Negative
Positive Answers
Exponent
Exponent
𝟕𝟕−𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
@ 0.0204
𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕 × 𝟕𝟕 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒
𝟕𝟕−𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
@ 0.0029
𝟕𝟕𝟑𝟑 𝟕𝟕 × 𝟕𝟕 × 𝟕𝟕 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
𝟕𝟕−𝟒𝟒 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
@ 0.0004
𝟕𝟕𝟒𝟒 𝟕𝟕 × 𝟕𝟕 × 𝟕𝟕 × 𝟕𝟕 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

Let’s do it!

Reciprocal of
Negative
Positive Answers
Exponent
Exponent
𝟓𝟓−𝟐𝟐

𝟑𝟑−𝟓𝟓

5
Identify bases and exponents.

Example Base Exponent

𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 𝟐𝟐
𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟑𝟑 𝒙𝒙 𝟑𝟑
(𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔)𝟒𝟒 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝟒𝟒

Let’s do it!

Questions Base Exponent

𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐
𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟑𝟑
(𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖)𝟒𝟒
−𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑
−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑
(−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)𝟑𝟑
6
#exercise_1 No. Questions Answers
Let’s do it! 𝟏𝟏
11.
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
No. Questions Answers 12. 𝟏𝟏
𝟒𝟒𝟐𝟐
1. 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟓 𝟏𝟏
13. 𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
𝟒𝟒 𝒙𝒙
2. 𝟐𝟐−𝟔𝟔
14. 𝟏𝟏
(𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓)𝟐𝟐
3. (𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑)𝟒𝟒
15. 𝟑𝟑
4. −𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟑𝟑 (𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓)𝟒𝟒

−𝟐𝟐
16. (−𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓)𝟒𝟒
5. (𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)
17. 𝟓𝟓
6. (−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏)𝟑𝟑
𝟑𝟑
18. 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓
7. 𝟐𝟐
𝟒𝟒
𝟗𝟗 19. 𝟖𝟖
−𝟐𝟐 20. 𝟒𝟒
8. 𝟑𝟑 𝟖𝟖𝟗𝟗
𝟒𝟒 21. 𝟑𝟑
𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕
9. 𝟓𝟓
−𝟑𝟑 22. 𝟑𝟑 𝟒𝟒
𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
𝟒𝟒
𝟔𝟔
𝟔𝟔 23. 𝟑𝟑𝟓𝟓
10. 𝟑𝟑
𝒙𝒙 24. 𝟑𝟑
−𝟒𝟒 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟐𝟐
7
Laws of Exponents.

No. The Exponent Law Example The Simplified Value

1 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 × 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚+𝑛𝑛 23 × 22 = 25 32
2 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 23 2
𝑛𝑛
= 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚−𝑛𝑛 = 21
𝑎𝑎 2 2

3 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚×𝑛𝑛 23 2 = 26 64
4 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑚𝑚 = 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 𝑏𝑏𝑚𝑚 2𝑥𝑥 2
= 22 𝑥𝑥 2 4𝑥𝑥 2
5 𝑎𝑎 𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 2
2
22 4
= 𝑚𝑚 = 2
𝑏𝑏 𝑏𝑏 3 3 9

6 1 1 1
𝑎𝑎−𝑚𝑚 = 2−3 =
𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 23 8
1 1
7 3
𝑎𝑎 = 𝑎𝑎2 9= 92
𝑚𝑚 2
8 𝑛𝑛
𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 = 𝑎𝑎 𝑛𝑛
3 2
22 = 23
9 𝑎𝑎0 = 1 20 1

8
#exercise_2 No. Questions Answers
Let’s do it!
11. 𝟑𝟑
𝟕𝟕𝟐𝟐 𝟕𝟕𝟑𝟑
No. Questions Answers 𝟕𝟕𝟒𝟒
𝟒𝟒
1. (𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟐 )𝟒𝟒 12. 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟓 𝟐𝟐𝟔𝟔
2. (𝟑𝟑−𝟐𝟐 )𝟒𝟒 𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟑 𝟓𝟓
13. 𝟒𝟒
𝟒𝟒 𝟐𝟐𝟓𝟓 𝟐𝟐𝟔𝟔
3. 𝟐𝟐
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟑 𝟓𝟓 × 𝟐𝟐𝟗𝟗
𝟑𝟑
4. 𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟐 × 𝟑𝟑𝟓𝟓 14. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝒄𝒄𝟐𝟐
5. 𝟓𝟓𝟐𝟐 × 𝟓𝟓−𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐 𝒃𝒃𝟓𝟓 𝟐𝟐

15. 𝟑𝟑
6. 𝟐𝟐 𝟒𝟒 𝟓𝟓𝟐𝟐 × 𝟓𝟓𝟎𝟎
𝟓𝟓𝟑𝟑 × 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 𝟑𝟑
16. 𝟐𝟐 𝟒𝟒
7. 𝟒𝟒𝟐𝟐 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓
𝟒𝟒𝟓𝟓 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝒒𝒒𝟑𝟑
8. 𝟓𝟓 𝟑𝟑
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 17. 𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 𝟒𝟒
𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 × 𝟑𝟑𝒒𝒒
𝟓𝟓
9. 𝟓𝟓
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝒒𝒒𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
𝟐𝟐
18. 𝟐𝟐𝒏𝒏+𝟒𝟒 × 𝟐𝟐𝒏𝒏−𝟏𝟏
10. 𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑
𝟕𝟕 𝟕𝟕𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐𝒏𝒏

9
 # Simplify the following equations. (Changing to the smallest base)
#exercise_3 Let’s do it!
No. Questions Answers
1. 𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟐 × 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟐 × 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 = 𝟑𝟑𝟓𝟓

2. 𝟓𝟓𝟒𝟒 × 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟑𝟑 × 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔

3. 𝟒𝟒𝟓𝟓
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑
4. 𝟔𝟔𝟐𝟐 ÷ 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

5. 𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟐 × 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

6. 𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟐 × 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

𝟒𝟒𝟑𝟑
7. 𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟐 × 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
8. 𝟖𝟖𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 × 𝟒𝟒𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 ÷ 𝟒𝟒

9. −𝟒𝟒
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑

10. 𝟗𝟗𝒚𝒚 × 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑

𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
11. 𝟑𝟑𝒏𝒏
𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖𝒏𝒏+𝟏𝟏 × 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
12. 𝟓𝟓𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐+𝟏𝟏 × 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝒏𝒏−𝟏𝟏 × 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝒏𝒏+𝟏𝟏
10
# Find the value of x.
#exercise_4 Let’s do it!
No. Questions Solutions Value of
x
1 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟐𝟐𝟔𝟔 𝟑𝟑
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 = 𝟔𝟔
𝟔𝟔
𝒙𝒙 = = 𝟑𝟑
𝟐𝟐
2 𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙+𝟑𝟑 = 𝟒𝟒𝒙𝒙−𝟐𝟐

3 𝟏𝟏
𝟓𝟓𝒙𝒙 =
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

4 𝟒𝟒𝒙𝒙 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑

5 𝟑𝟑𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙−𝟑𝟑

6 𝟖𝟖𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒+𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

11
# Find the value of x.
#exercise_4 Let’s do it!
No. Questions Solutions Value of x
7 𝟑𝟑𝟒𝟒−𝒙𝒙 = 𝟗𝟗

8 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙+𝟏𝟏 = 𝟖𝟖

9 𝟑𝟑𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 . 𝟗𝟗 𝒙𝒙−𝟏𝟏 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

10 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙 𝒙𝒙
= 𝟑𝟑𝒙𝒙+𝟐𝟐 . 𝟗𝟗𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

𝟐𝟐
11 𝟓𝟓𝒙𝒙 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟔𝟔−𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

12 𝟗𝟗𝒙𝒙 𝒙𝒙
= 𝟗𝟗
𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐

12
Logarithms
# Define logarithms.
# Laws of logarithms.
# Simplify logarithm expressions.
# Solve equations involving exponent and logarithm.
The logarithmic functions are the inverses of exponential functions.

𝑛𝑛
𝑎𝑎 = 𝑦𝑦
log 𝑎𝑎 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑛𝑛 Exponent

Base
Example Base Exponent In words
𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝟐𝟐 𝟖𝟖 = 𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐 𝟑𝟑 Log base two of eight is three.

𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝟓𝟓 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 = 𝟒𝟒 𝟓𝟓 𝟒𝟒 Log base five of six hundred twenty five

is four.

𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝟑𝟑 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟑𝟑 Log base ten of one thousand is three.

14
#1 Rewrite each equation in exponential form.
#exercise_5
Let’s do it!
No. Questions Answers
1 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝟔𝟔 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 = 𝟐𝟐 𝟔𝟔𝟐𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑

2 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝟑𝟑 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 = 𝟒𝟒

3 𝟏𝟏
𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = −𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

4 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝒖𝒖 = 𝒗𝒗
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

5 𝟏𝟏
𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 =
𝟐𝟐

6 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝟕𝟕 𝒙𝒙 = 𝒚𝒚
𝟒𝟒

15
#2 Rewrite each equation in logarithmic form.
#exercise_6
Let’s do it!
No. Questions Answers
1 𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
𝟔𝟔𝟒𝟒𝟐𝟐 = 𝟖𝟖 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟔 𝟖𝟖 =
𝟐𝟐

2 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟐𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

3 𝟏𝟏
𝟗𝟗−𝟐𝟐 =
𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖
4 𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏
=
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏

5 𝒂𝒂−𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 = 𝐛𝐛

𝒙𝒙
6 𝟏𝟏
= 𝒚𝒚
𝟓𝟓

16
Laws of Logarithm.

No. The Logarithm Law Example

1 log 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎 = 1 log 2 2 = 1

2 log 𝑎𝑎 1 = 0 log 2 1 = 0

3 log 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏 log10 5
log 𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 = log 2 5 =
log 𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎 log10 2
4 log 𝑎𝑎 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = log 𝑎𝑎 𝑀𝑀 + log 𝑎𝑎 𝑁𝑁 log 2 3𝑥𝑥 = log 2 3 + log 2 𝑥𝑥

5 𝑀𝑀 3
log 𝑎𝑎 = log 𝑎𝑎 𝑀𝑀 − log 𝑎𝑎 𝑁𝑁 log 2 = log 2 3 − log 2 𝑥𝑥
𝑁𝑁 𝑥𝑥
6 1 1
log 𝑎𝑎 = log 𝑎𝑎 𝑥𝑥 −1 log 2 = log 2 3−1
𝑥𝑥 3
7 log 𝑎𝑎 𝑁𝑁 𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃 log 𝑎𝑎 𝑁𝑁 log 2 103 = 3 log 2 10

17
#3 Write the following expressions in terms of logs x, y and z.
#exercise_7
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 log 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 = log 𝑥𝑥 2 + log 𝑦𝑦
= 2log 𝑥𝑥 + log 𝑦𝑦

2 𝑥𝑥 3 𝑦𝑦 2
log
𝑧𝑧
1
3
log 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 3
3
4 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 2
log
𝑧𝑧 4

5 4 𝑥𝑥 3 𝑦𝑦 2
log
𝑧𝑧 4
6
𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 2
log
𝑧𝑧 8

18
#4 Evaluate each expression.
#exercise_8
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 log 4 64 log 4 43 = 3 1 = 3

2 log 6 216

3 1
log 3
243

4 log 343 7

5 log 64 4

6 1
log 6
216

19
#5 Express the following expression in terms of x, y and z.
Given log 2 = 𝑥𝑥, log 3 = 𝑦𝑦 and log 7 = 𝑧𝑧.
#exercise_9
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 log 12 log 2 × 2 × 3 = 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 22 × 3
= 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙22 + log 3
= 2𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 + log 3
= 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦
2 14
log
3

3 log 21

4 log 20

20
#6 Change the base of logarithm equations. #exercise_10
𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝒄𝒄 𝒃𝒃 Let’s do it!
𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝒂𝒂 𝒃𝒃 =
𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂
No. Questions Answers
1 Given log 3 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑝𝑝. Solve log 𝑥𝑥 81 in terms log 3 81 𝟒𝟒
log 𝑥𝑥 81 = =
of 𝑝𝑝. log 3 𝑥𝑥 𝒑𝒑
2 Given log 2 3 = 𝑝𝑝, log 2 5 = 𝑞𝑞.
Solve for the following in terms of 𝑝𝑝 and 𝑞𝑞.
i. log 2 10
ii. log15 45

3 Given log 2 3 = 1.59, log 2 5 = 2.32.

Solve the following logarithm expressions.
i. log 4 15
ii. log 8 15
iii. log 5 0.6

21
#7 Evaluate the following logarithms. #exercise_11
Given log 2 3 = 1.585, and log 2 5 = 2.322. Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 log 2 15 log 2 3 × 5 = log 2 3 + log 2 5
= 1.585 + 2.322
= 3.907
2 log 2 60

3 log15 45

4 log 9 20

22
#8 Evaluate the following logarithms. #exercise_12
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
1 Given log 6 4 = 0.7737 and log 6 8 = 1.1606,
determine the value of log 6 32 + log 6 63 without using the calculator.

2 Given log 5 3 = 0.6826 and log 5 7 = 1.2091,

calculate the value of log 3 7 + log 5 7 − log 5 9 without using the calculator.

23
#9 Simplify each of the following expressions. #exercise_13
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 2log 2 3 + log 2 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 3 log 2 𝑦𝑦 32 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 𝟗𝟗𝟗𝟗
log 2 = 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝟐𝟐
𝑦𝑦 3 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐
2 log 4 16 + log 4 8 − log 4 2

3 1
2 + 4 log 8 𝑝𝑝 − log 8 𝑞𝑞
3

4 1
2 + 4 log 3 𝑥𝑥 − log 3 𝑦𝑦
2

5 5 log 𝑚𝑚 − log 3 𝑚𝑚 + log 2𝑚𝑚

6 log 𝑎𝑎
4 log 𝑎𝑎 + − 2 log 𝑎𝑎
2

24
#10 Solve the following exponential equations. #exercise_14
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 = 4 log 𝑒𝑒 4 = 𝑥𝑥
ln 4 = 𝑥𝑥
𝒙𝒙 = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
2 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥−4 = 4

3 2𝑥𝑥 = 3

4 3𝑥𝑥+2 = 7

5 5𝑥𝑥+3 = 100

6 2𝑥𝑥 . 3𝑥𝑥 = 5𝑥𝑥+1

25
#11 Solve the following logarithmic equations. #exercise_15
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 ln 𝑥𝑥 = 2 log 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 = 2
𝑒𝑒 2 = 𝑥𝑥
𝒙𝒙 = 𝟕𝟕. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑
2 ln 𝑥𝑥 = −3

3 log 3𝑥𝑥 − 2 = 2

4 8 + log 5 𝑥𝑥 + 4 = 9

26
#11 Solve the following logarithmic equations. #exercise_15
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

5 2 log 𝑥𝑥 = log 2 + log 3𝑥𝑥 − 4

6 log 9 𝑥𝑥 − 5 + log 9 𝑥𝑥 + 3 = 1

27
#11 Solve the following logarithmic equations. #exercise_15
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

7 log 2 𝑥𝑥 + log 4 𝑥𝑥 + log16 𝑥𝑥 = 7

8 log 4 𝑥𝑥 − 3 = −2 log 𝑥𝑥 4

28
#11 Solve the following logarithmic equations. #exercise_15
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

9 log 3 3𝑥𝑥 + 1 − log 3 𝑥𝑥 − 7 = 4

10 log 4 𝑥𝑥 − 2 + 3 log 2 8 = 10

29
Differentiation
(Part 1)
# Rules of differentiation.
# Techniques of Differentiation.
# Derivatives of Exponential Function.
# Derivatives of Logarithmic Function.
# Derivatives of Trigonometric Function.
# Derivatives of Inverse Trigonometric Function.
Definition: A function which gives the slope (rate of change) of a curve.

At point A,
The slope is zero.

At point B,
The slope is negative.

At point C,
The slope is positive.

Symbol Symbol Name

𝑦𝑦𝑦 Derivative – Lagrange’s notation (French Mathematician)

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Derivative – Leibniz’s notation (German Mathematician)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

31
Derivative Rules
No. Derivative Rules Function Derivative
𝑦𝑦 or 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
or 𝑓𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

1 Constant Rule 𝑐𝑐 0
2 Power Rule 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛𝑛𝑛 𝑛𝑛−1
3 Constant Multiple Rule 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑛𝑛 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑛𝑛−1
4 Sum Rule 𝑢𝑢 + 𝑣𝑣 𝑢𝑢𝑢 + 𝑣𝑣𝑣
5 Product Rule 𝑢𝑢. 𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑢𝑢 + 𝑣𝑣
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
6 Quotient Rule 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑣𝑣 − 𝑢𝑢
𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑣𝑣 2
7 Chain Rule 𝑢𝑢𝑛𝑛 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

32
#1 Constant Rule.
#exercise_1
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 4 = 𝟎𝟎
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 45 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = −25 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
4 20 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = =
37 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
5 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 4 =
3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
6 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑚𝑚 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

33
 move
#2 Power Rule. 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛−1
#exercise_2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Let’s do it! Decrease by 1
No. Questions Answers
1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 = 2𝑥𝑥 2−1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
5 =
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 −10 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

4 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 −5 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=

5 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

6 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 5 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

7 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥
34
 move
#3 Constant Multiple Rule. 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛−1
#exercise_3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Let’s do it! Decrease by 1
No. Questions Answers
1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 4𝑥𝑥 2 = 4 2 𝑥𝑥 2−1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=
2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 5 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=

3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑥 −10 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=

4 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
−5 =
𝑦𝑦 = −32𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

5 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 4 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

6 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 10 𝑥𝑥 5 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

7 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
4𝑥𝑥
35
 #exercise_4
#4 Sum Rule. Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 4 2 𝑥𝑥 2−1 + 3 1 𝑥𝑥 1−1 − 0
𝑦𝑦 = 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 − 6 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 8𝑥𝑥 1 + 3𝑥𝑥 0
= 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 + 𝟑𝟑
2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
4 3 2 =
𝑦𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 50𝑥𝑥 10
+ 2𝑥𝑥 −3
− 4𝑥𝑥 −2 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

4 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3 =
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 4 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

5 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
−5
𝑥𝑥 2𝑥𝑥 2
4𝑥𝑥 1 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = + + +
6 3 7 3
36
#5 Product Rule. 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑢𝑢. 𝑣𝑣
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑢𝑢 + 𝑣𝑣
#exercise_5 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝑣𝑣 = 𝑥𝑥 + 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=1 =1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝑥𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑥𝑥 + 1 1 + 𝑥𝑥 + 2 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑥𝑥 + 1 + 𝑥𝑥 + 2
= 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑
2

𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 3

37
#5 Product Rule. 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑢𝑢. 𝑣𝑣
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑢𝑢 + 𝑣𝑣
#exercise_5 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

3

𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 + 5 𝑥𝑥 3 + 9

𝑦𝑦 = 10𝑥𝑥 2 3𝑥𝑥 3 + 8𝑥𝑥

38
 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑣𝑣
𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑣𝑣 − 𝑢𝑢
#6 Quotient Rule. 𝑦𝑦 = = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑣𝑣 2
#exercise_6
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 𝑢𝑢 = 7 𝑣𝑣 = 3𝑥𝑥 + 4
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=0 =3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

7
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3𝑥𝑥 + 4 0 − 7 3
3𝑥𝑥 + 4 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 3𝑥𝑥 + 4 2
−𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐
=
𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑+𝟒𝟒 𝟐𝟐
2

3𝑥𝑥 2 + 3
𝑦𝑦 =
𝑥𝑥 + 2

39
 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑣𝑣
𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑣𝑣 − 𝑢𝑢
#6 Quotient Rule. 𝑦𝑦 = = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑣𝑣 2
#exercise_6
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

3

2𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 =
3𝑥𝑥 5 − 1

4𝑥𝑥 5 + 5𝑥𝑥 2
𝑦𝑦 =
3𝑥𝑥 4 + 10

40
#7 Chain Rule. (Differentiate a function of another function)
Questions Method Example
Let 𝑢𝑢 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 3 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑢𝑢3
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒚𝒚
= 𝟐𝟐 = 𝟑𝟑𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐
# U-Substitution 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒖𝒖

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅

𝑦𝑦 = 𝒖𝒖 𝑛𝑛 = ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝟐𝟐 × 𝟑𝟑𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐
= × = 6𝑢𝑢2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝟐𝟐
= 𝟔𝟔 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑

𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 3 3 inner
𝑑𝑑 𝟑𝟑
𝑓𝑓 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑓𝑓𝑓 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 𝑔𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
outer
The derivative of the composite
derivative of
function is the inner function 𝒈𝒈 outside function
within the derivative of the outer 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝟑𝟑−𝟏𝟏
= 𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐
function 𝒇𝒇𝒇 , multiplied by the 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
inside function
derivative of the inner function 𝒈𝒈𝒈 . left alone
derivative of
inside function
www.khanacademy.org
http://tutorial.math.lamar.edu/
= 𝟔𝟔 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐

41
#7 Chain Rule. #exercise_7
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑
= 3 2𝑥𝑥 + 3 3−1 2𝑥𝑥 + 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 3 2𝑥𝑥 + 3 2 2
3 = 𝟔𝟔 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑 𝟐𝟐
𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 3

7
𝑦𝑦 = 10𝑥𝑥 + 9

𝑦𝑦 = 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 3 6

42
#7 Chain Rule. #exercise_7
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

4

𝑦𝑦 = 2 𝑥𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑥 −3

3
𝑦𝑦 = 6 𝑥𝑥 − 2

𝑦𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑥 2 + 8 3
6𝑥𝑥 − 1

43
#7 Chain Rule. #exercise_7
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

7

5
𝑦𝑦 = 4𝑥𝑥 − 7 𝑥𝑥 2 + 5 6

3
𝑥𝑥 + 9
𝑦𝑦 = 2
𝑥𝑥 − 2

44
#8 Differentiation of Exponential Function

Function Derivative

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 𝒖𝒖 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
= 𝑒𝑒 𝒖𝒖 ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
#u-substitution

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂+𝒃𝒃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑒𝑒 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂+𝒃𝒃
×
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃

45
 #exercise_8
#8 Exponential Function Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 #u-substitution
𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑢𝑢
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=1
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑒𝑒 𝑢𝑢 × 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑒𝑒 𝑢𝑢
= 𝒆𝒆𝒙𝒙

2
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥

3
1
𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥
𝑒𝑒

𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥+5

46
#8 Exponential Function #exercise_8
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

5
3 +7𝑥𝑥 3
𝑦𝑦 = 5𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥 −
4𝑒𝑒 3−8𝑥𝑥

6
𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥 + 𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑒𝑒 4
𝑦𝑦 =
𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥

7
2
𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥 (𝑒𝑒 4𝑥𝑥 )
𝑦𝑦 = 9
𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥

8
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 4𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 −6𝑥𝑥 + 8

47
#9 Differentiation of Logarithmic Function

Function Derivative

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
𝑦𝑦 = ln 𝑥𝑥 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥

𝑦𝑦 = ln 𝒖𝒖 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
= ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒖𝒖 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
#u-substitution

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 𝒅𝒅
𝑦𝑦 = ln 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 = ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃

48
 #exercise_9
#9 Logarithmic Function Let’s do it!

No. Answers
1 #u-substitution
𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 = ln 𝑢𝑢
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = ln 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1
= ×1
𝑥𝑥
𝟏𝟏
=
𝒙𝒙

2 𝑦𝑦 = ln 3𝑥𝑥

3 𝑦𝑦 = 5 ln 3𝑥𝑥

49
 #exercise_9
#9 Logarithmic Function Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

4

𝑦𝑦 = ln 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑥

𝑦𝑦 = ln 7𝑥𝑥 − 5 2

50
 #exercise_9
#9 Logarithmic Function Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

6

2
𝑦𝑦 = ln 5𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 − 1
7

𝑦𝑦 = ln 𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝑥𝑥 − 2

51
 #exercise_9
#9 Logarithmic Function Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

8

𝑥𝑥 − 1
𝑦𝑦 = ln
𝑥𝑥 + 1

52
#10 Differentiation of Trigonometric Function
Function Derivative
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = sin 𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = cos 𝑥𝑥 = −sin 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = tan 𝑥𝑥 = sec 2 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝑦𝑦 = sin 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 = cos 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 × 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 𝑦𝑦 = sin 𝒖𝒖 = cos 𝒖𝒖 ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝑦𝑦 = cos 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 = −sin 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 × 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 𝑦𝑦 = cos 𝑢𝑢 = −sin 𝒖𝒖 ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝑦𝑦 = tan 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 = sec 2 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 × 𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂 + 𝒃𝒃 𝑦𝑦 = tan 𝒖𝒖 = sec 2 𝒖𝒖 ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝑦𝑦 = sin𝑛𝑛 𝒖𝒖 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
= 𝒏𝒏 sin𝒏𝒏−1 𝒖𝒖 × cos 𝒖𝒖 ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝑦𝑦 = cos𝒏𝒏 𝒖𝒖 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
= 𝒏𝒏 cos𝒏𝒏−1 𝒖𝒖 × − sin 𝒖𝒖 ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝑦𝑦 = tan𝒏𝒏 𝒖𝒖 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
= 𝒏𝒏 tan𝒏𝒏−1 𝒖𝒖 × sec 2 𝒖𝒖 ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅

53
#10 Trigonometric Function #exercise_10
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 = cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 = − sin 𝑥𝑥 1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= − 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝒙𝒙
2
𝑦𝑦 = cos 5𝑥𝑥

3
𝑦𝑦 = 10 cos 5𝑥𝑥

4
𝑦𝑦 = sin 𝜋𝜋

5.
𝑦𝑦 = sin 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋

54
#10 Trigonometric Function #exercise_10
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

6
𝑦𝑦 = 3 cos 5𝑥𝑥 2

𝑦𝑦 = 3 cos 5𝑥𝑥 2 − 1

8
4
𝑦𝑦 = tan 3
𝑥𝑥

𝑦𝑦 = tan −2𝑥𝑥 5 + 7

55
 #exercise_10
#10 Trigonometric Function Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

10
𝑦𝑦 = sin 4𝑥𝑥 3 + 5𝑥𝑥 − 2

11

𝑦𝑦 = 5cos 6𝑥𝑥 + 1 + sin 3𝑥𝑥

12

𝑦𝑦 = tan 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥 + 4𝑥𝑥 5

13

𝑦𝑦 = sin 𝑥𝑥 3 − 4 2

56
 #exercise_10
#10 Trigonometric Function Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

14
𝑦𝑦 = sin3 5𝑥𝑥

15
𝑦𝑦 = 10 sin4 3𝑥𝑥 + 1

16
𝑦𝑦 = cos2 −5𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥

17
𝑦𝑦 = 2tan6 𝑥𝑥 4 + 2𝑥𝑥 5

57
#12 Product Rule and Quotient Rule involving Algebraic Function,
Exponential Function, Logarithmic Function and Trigonometric Function.
#exercise_12 Let’s do it!
No. Questions
2 +4
1 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥

2 10𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 = 3
5𝑥𝑥 − 6

62
#exercise_12
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
3 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 3 ln 5𝑥𝑥 + 8

4 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥

63
#exercise_12
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
5 𝑦𝑦 = 4𝑥𝑥 2 sin−1 2𝑥𝑥 3

6 sin 3𝑥𝑥
𝑦𝑦 =
tan 3𝑥𝑥

64
Differentiation
(Part 2)
# Second Order Differentiation.
# Application of Differentiation.
# Maximum and Minimum Value.
# Parametric Equation.
# Rate of Change.
#13 Second Order Differentiation
Definition: The second derivative is the derivative of the derivative of
a function. It can be used to determine the nature of stationary points,
whether they are maximum points, minimum points or inflection points.

Symbol
𝒇𝒇′′ 𝒙𝒙
𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 𝒚𝒚
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐

No. Questions First Derivative Second Derivative

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 𝑦𝑦
or 𝑓𝑓′(𝑥𝑥) or 𝑓𝑓′′(𝑥𝑥)
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐

1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 2 𝑦𝑦
= 12𝑥𝑥 3 + 5 = 36𝑥𝑥 2
𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 4 + 5𝑥𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2

2 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥+5 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑 2 𝑦𝑦
= 𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥+5 3 = 3𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥+5
3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2
= 3𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥+5 = 9𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥+5
66
#13 Second Order Differentiation #exercise_13
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
1 𝑦𝑦 = 10𝑥𝑥 5 + 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 6
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝒅𝒅𝟐𝟐 𝒚𝒚
=
𝒅𝒅𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐

4
2 𝑦𝑦 = 5𝑥𝑥 − 2

3 𝑦𝑦 = 2 sin 3𝑥𝑥 + 4

67
#13 Second Order Differentiation #exercise_13
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
4 𝑦𝑦 = cos2 6𝑥𝑥

5 𝑦𝑦 = 8 ln 3𝑥𝑥 − 4

68
#14 Application of Differentiation
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
# Stationary Point, =0 # Minimum and Maximum Point
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

No. Terms Nature

1 Stationary Point 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

=0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Zero

2 Minimum Point 𝑑𝑑 2 𝑦𝑦
>0
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2
Positive

3 Maximum Point 𝑑𝑑 2 𝑦𝑦
2
<0
𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥
Negative

69
#14 Application of Differentiation
# Stationary Point, # Minimum and Maximum Point
No. Questions
1 Find the coordinate of the stationary point of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 12𝑥𝑥 − 2
and determine whether it is maximum or minimum point.
Solution
𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 12𝑥𝑥 − 2 Thus, stationary point at −𝟐𝟐, −𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 6𝑥𝑥 + 12
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 Use the second derivative to determine
the nature of the stationary point.
6𝑥𝑥 + 12 = 0
6𝑥𝑥 = −12 𝑑𝑑 2 𝑦𝑦
−12 =6>0
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑑𝑑𝑥𝑥 2
6
= −𝟐𝟐 Therefore, the stationary point at
Substitute 𝑥𝑥-value to find 𝑦𝑦-value −𝟐𝟐, −𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏 is a minimum point.
𝑦𝑦 = 3 −2 2 + 12 −2 − 2
= −𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
70
 #14 Application of Differentiation #exercise_14
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
2
Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 15 − 2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 2 .
Determine their nature and sketch the graph of the curve.

71
 #14 Application of Differentiation #exercise_14
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
3
Find the coordinate of the stationary points of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 6𝑥𝑥 2 + 9𝑥𝑥 + 2
and determine their nature.

72
 #14 Application of Differentiation #exercise_14
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
4
Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 − 6 2 and
determine their nature.

73
 #14 Application of Differentiation #exercise_14
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
5 𝑥𝑥 3 2𝑥𝑥 2
Find the coordinates of the stationary points of the curve 𝑦𝑦 = − + 1.
3 3
Determine their nature and sketch the graph of the curve.

74
 #14 Application of Differentiation #exercise_14
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
6
A curve has the equation 𝑦𝑦 = −2𝑥𝑥 3 − 6𝑥𝑥 2 + 4. Solve the given equation to find
the turning points and their natures.

75
#15 Parametric Equation
Definition: Parametrics involve the use of a third variable, 𝒕𝒕, to rewrite a
single function, 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 , into two separate equations in terms of 𝒕𝒕 ,
𝒙𝒙 𝒕𝒕 and 𝒚𝒚 𝒕𝒕 . ( 𝒕𝒕 – parameter , 𝒙𝒙 𝒕𝒕 and 𝒚𝒚 𝒕𝒕 - parametric equations)
No. Questions
1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Find the for parametric equation below in term of 𝑡𝑡.
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑡𝑡 + 3 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑡𝑡 − 1
Solution:
Differentiate parametric equations using the chain rule.
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
= ×
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
=2+0 =1−0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
=2 =1
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 1
=
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 2
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 1
=1×
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 2
𝟏𝟏
=
𝟐𝟐
76
#15 Parametric Equation #exercise_15
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
Find
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1 𝑥𝑥 = 5𝑡𝑡 2 + 4 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑡𝑡 − 10

2 𝑥𝑥 = 3𝑡𝑡 + 6 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑡𝑡 3 − 3𝑡𝑡 + 1

77
#15 Parametric Equation #exercise_15
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
3 𝑥𝑥 = 3 cos 𝑡𝑡 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑡𝑡 3 − 2𝑡𝑡

4 2
2
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑡𝑡 + 2 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑡𝑡 +
𝑡𝑡

78
#15 Parametric Equation #exercise_15
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
5 𝑦𝑦 = 6 ln 4𝑡𝑡 − 3 𝑥𝑥 = 3𝑡𝑡 2 + 8𝑡𝑡

6
𝑦𝑦 = 2 sin 3𝑡𝑡 𝑥𝑥 = 4 cos 2𝑡𝑡

79
#15 Parametric Equation #exercise_15
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
7 𝑦𝑦 = 6 ln 4𝑡𝑡 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡+1 + 5

8 𝑡𝑡 2 + 3
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑡𝑡 𝑡𝑡 2 + 2𝑡𝑡
4𝑡𝑡 + 1

80
#16 Rate of Change
Definition: The rate of change of a quantity refers to how that quantity
changes over time. Typically, the rate of change is given as a derivative with
respect to time and is equal to the slope of a function at a given point.
𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒚𝒚
𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓𝒓 𝒐𝒐𝒐𝒐 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 =
𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 𝒊𝒊𝒊𝒊 𝒙𝒙
Area
How fast is something changing? Volume Radius
Determine what is changing with respect to? length
No. Questions
1. Each side of a square is increasing at a rate of 2𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄/𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔. At what rate is
the area of the square increasing when the side of the square is 6𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄?
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
= ×
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝐴𝐴 = 𝑙𝑙 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 2𝑙𝑙 = 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠 −1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 2𝑙𝑙 × 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠 −1
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 2 6𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 × 2𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠 −1 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝟐𝟐 𝒔𝒔−𝟏𝟏
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
81
#16 Rate of Change #exercise_16
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
2. The edges of a cube are expanding at a rate of 5𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄/𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎. How fast is the
volume changing when the edges are 3𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄?

3. An ice cube is melting so that the rate of decrease of the sides of the
cube is 4𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎/𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎. Find the rate of decrease of the surface area of the ice
cube when the side is 10𝒎𝒎𝒎𝒎?

82
 #16 Rate of Change #exercise_16
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
4. The radius of a ball is increasing at a rate of 2.5𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄/𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔. How fast is the
𝟒𝟒
volume changing when the radius are 4𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄? 𝑽𝑽 = 𝟑𝟑 𝝅𝝅𝒓𝒓𝟑𝟑

5. Air is being pumped into a spherical balloon so that its volume is increasing by
4𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝟑𝟑 /𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔. How fast is the radius increasing when the radius is 10𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎?
𝟒𝟒
𝑽𝑽 = 𝝅𝝅𝒓𝒓𝟑𝟑
𝟑𝟑

83
 #16 Rate of Change #exercise_16
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
6. The radius of a circle is increasing at a rate of 𝟕𝟕𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄/𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔𝒔. Find the rate of
change of the area for circle at the instant when radius is 4𝒎𝒎?

7. A metal cube is expanding so that its sides change at the rate of 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝒔𝒔−𝟏𝟏 .
Find the rate of change of its surface area when its volume is 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝟑𝟑 ?

84
 #16 Rate of Change #exercise_16
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
8. Sand is poured onto a horizontal floor at a rate of 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝝅𝝅𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝟑𝟑 𝒔𝒔−𝟏𝟏 and forms a pile
𝟏𝟏
in the shape of a right circular cone, the height is 𝟐𝟐radius. Calculate the rate of
𝟏𝟏
change of the radius when the radius is 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒𝒎𝒎? 𝑽𝑽 = 𝟑𝟑 𝝅𝝅𝒓𝒓𝟐𝟐 𝒉𝒉

85
 #16 Rate of Change #exercise_16
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
9. The surface of sphere is increasing at a constant rate of 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏𝝅𝝅𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄𝟐𝟐 𝒔𝒔−𝟏𝟏 . Find the
rate of change of the volume when the radius is 1𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒎𝒎?
𝟒𝟒
𝑨𝑨 = 𝟒𝟒𝝅𝝅𝒓𝒓𝟐𝟐 and 𝑽𝑽 = 𝝅𝝅𝒓𝒓𝟑𝟑
𝟑𝟑

86
Differentiation
(Part 3)
# Implicit Differentiation.
# Partial Differentiation.
# Total Differentiation.
#17 Implicit Differentiation

Explicit Implicit
Explicit equation has 𝒚𝒚 as Implicit equation has 𝒙𝒙’s and
the subject and just 𝑥𝑥 ’s on 𝒚𝒚’s mixed throughout the
the other side. equation.

𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 + 8 𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑥 3 − 𝑦𝑦 = 4

𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 3 − 𝑥𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑥 + 4 𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 = 3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑦𝑦

88
#17 Implicit Differentiation #exercise_17
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 4𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 0 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
4+ 1 =0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= −𝟒𝟒
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 𝑦𝑦 2 + 4𝑥𝑥 = 0

3 𝑦𝑦 2 − 𝑥𝑥 2 = 5𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 + 2

89
#17 Implicit Differentiation #exercise_17
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

4 𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 5 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥 1 +3 1 + 1 =0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑦𝑦 + 𝑥𝑥 +3+ =0
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥 + 1 = −𝑦𝑦 − 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 −𝒚𝒚 − 𝟑𝟑
=
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒙𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏

5 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 𝑥𝑥 − 10

90
#17 Implicit Differentiation #exercise_17
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

6 𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑦𝑦 2 + 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 = 1

7 𝑥𝑥 3 − 5𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 + 𝑦𝑦 2 = 40

91
 #17 Implicit Differentiation #exercise_17
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

8 2𝑥𝑥 3 + 3𝑦𝑦 2 − 4𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 3 = 6

9 𝑦𝑦 3 − 8𝑥𝑥 = sin 3𝑦𝑦 + cos 2𝑥𝑥

92
 #17 Implicit Differentiation #exercise_17
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

10 sin 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝜋𝜋

11 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 3 = 𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑒𝑒 4 + ln 𝑥𝑥

93
#18 Partial Differentiation
Definition: Differentiate with respect to one variable while keeping other
variables constants.

Multivariable

Partial
𝝏𝝏𝒛𝒛 Function
(Output)
derivative
𝝏𝝏𝒙𝒙 Variable
𝝏𝝏 is called “del” (Input) https://i.imgur.com/dTTKA1f.png

First Order Second Order

Partial Differentiation Partial Differentiation
𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝟐𝟐 𝒛𝒛 𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝟐𝟐 𝒛𝒛
= 𝟐𝟐 =
𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝒙𝒙 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏

𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝟐𝟐 𝒛𝒛 𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝟐𝟐 𝒛𝒛

𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 = 𝟐𝟐 =
𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝒚𝒚 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏
𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏

94
#18 Partial Differentiation #exercise_18
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
1. 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏
Given 𝒛𝒛 = 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 + 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟓𝟓. Find and .
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕
= 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 5 = 3𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 + 5
𝜕𝜕𝑥𝑥 𝜕𝜕𝑥𝑥 𝜕𝜕𝑥𝑥 𝜕𝜕𝑥𝑥 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
=3+0+0 = 0 + 2+0
= 𝟑𝟑 = 𝟐𝟐
2. 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏
Given 𝒛𝒛 = 𝟑𝟑𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒙𝒙𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐𝒚𝒚𝟑𝟑 . Find and .
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅

3. 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏
Given 𝒛𝒛 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 + 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝒚𝒚 − 𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 + 𝟑𝟑. Find and .
𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅

95
#18 Partial Differentiation #exercise_18
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
4. Given 𝒛𝒛 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 + 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 + 𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏. Find the second order partial derivatives of 𝒛𝒛.

5. Given 𝒛𝒛 = 𝟐𝟐𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑 + 𝒙𝒙𝒙𝒙 + 𝟒𝟒𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 . Find the second order partial derivatives of 𝒛𝒛.

96
#18 Partial Differentiation #exercise_18
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
6. Given 𝒛𝒛 = 𝟒𝟒𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑 + 𝟑𝟑𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝒚𝒚𝟒𝟒 − 𝟔𝟔𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 . Find the second order partial derivatives of 𝒛𝒛.

97
#18 Partial Differentiation #exercise_18
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
7. Given 𝒛𝒛 = 𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓 + 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 𝟖𝟖𝟖𝟖 − 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 . Find the second order partial derivatives of 𝒛𝒛.

98
#18 Partial Differentiation #exercise_18
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
8. Given 𝒛𝒛 = 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐. Find the second order partial derivatives of 𝒛𝒛.

99
#18 Partial Differentiation #exercise_18
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
9. Given 𝒛𝒛 = 𝟒𝟒𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝒚𝒚𝟑𝟑 + 𝒆𝒆𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐+𝟏𝟏 − 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. Find the second order partial derivatives of 𝒛𝒛.

100
#18 Partial Differentiation #exercise_18
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
10. Given 𝒛𝒛 = 𝟗𝟗𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑 𝒚𝒚𝟐𝟐 + 𝒙𝒙 𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬𝐬 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 + 𝛑𝛑. Find the second order partial derivatives of 𝒛𝒛.

101
#19 Total Differentiation
Definition: The total differential of the function is the sum over all of the
independent variables of the partial derivative of the function with respect to
a variable times the total differential of that variable.

𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏
#exercise_19 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 + 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
Let’s do it! 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏 𝝏𝝏𝝏𝝏
No. Questions
1. Find the total differential of 𝒛𝒛 = 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝒚𝒚 + 𝒆𝒆𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑 .

2. Find the total differential of 𝒛𝒛 = 𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒚𝒚 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒚𝒚 .

102
#19 Total Differentiation #exercise_19
Let’s do it!

No. Questions
3. Given 𝒛𝒛 = 𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐 + 𝟔𝟔𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 𝒚𝒚𝟑𝟑 − 𝟑𝟑𝒙𝒙𝟒𝟒 .Find the total differential of 𝒛𝒛 if 𝒙𝒙, 𝒚𝒚
change from 𝟎𝟎. 𝟑𝟑, 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕 to 𝟎𝟎. 𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑, 𝟎𝟎. 𝟕𝟕𝟕𝟕 .

103
Integration
(Part 1)
# Rules of Integration.
# Indefinite Integrals.
# Definite Integrals.
# Integration of Exponential Function.
# Integration of Reciprocal Function.
# Integration of Trigonometric Function.
# Integration by Substitution Method.
Definition: A function which gives the area under the curve, Integration is the
reverse process of differentiation. (antiderivatives)

� 𝒇𝒇 𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
Differential
Integrand (indicates that
the variable of
www.mathisfun.com Integral integration is 𝒙𝒙)
symbol https://en.wikipedia.org

Indefinite Integral � 𝒇𝒇 𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝑭𝑭 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄

𝒃𝒃
Definite Integral � 𝒇𝒇 𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝑭𝑭 𝒃𝒃 − 𝑭𝑭 𝒂𝒂
𝒂𝒂

105
Indefinite Integral Rules
No. Indefinite Integral Rules Function Integral
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) � 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

1 Zero Rule � 0 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑐𝑐

2 Constant Rule � 𝑘𝑘 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑘𝑘𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐

3 Power Rule � 𝑥𝑥 𝒏𝒏 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥 𝒏𝒏+1

+ 𝑐𝑐
𝒏𝒏 + 1

4 Constant Multiple Rule � 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 𝒏𝒏 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 𝒏𝒏+1

+ 𝑐𝑐
𝒏𝒏 + 1

5 Extended Power Rule � 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 𝒏𝒏

𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 𝒏𝒏+1
+ 𝑐𝑐
𝒂𝒂 𝒏𝒏 + 1

106
Indefinite Integral Rules
No. Indefinite Integral Rules Function Integral
𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) � 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

6 Reciprocal Function 1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 ln 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥

7 1 1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 × ln 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 + 𝑐𝑐
𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 𝒂𝒂

8 Exponential Function � 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐

9 � 𝑒𝑒 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥+𝒃𝒃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1
× 𝑒𝑒 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥+𝒃𝒃 + 𝑐𝑐
𝒂𝒂

107
Indefinite Integral Rules
No. Indefinite Function Integral
Integral Rules 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) � 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

10 Trigonometric � sin 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − cos 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐

Functions
11 � cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 sin 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐

12 � sec 2 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 tan 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐

13 1
� sin 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 − × cos 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑
𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
14 1
� cos 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 × sin 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑
𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
15 1
� sec 2 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 × tan 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑
𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
108
Indefinite Integral Rules
No. Indefinite Function Integral
Integral Rules 𝑦𝑦 or 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) � 𝑓𝑓(𝑥𝑥) 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

10 Inverse 1 𝑢𝑢
� 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢 sin−1 + 𝑐𝑐
Trigonometric 𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑢𝑢2 𝑎𝑎

11 Functions −1 𝑢𝑢
� 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢 cos−1 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑢𝑢2 𝑎𝑎

12 1 1 𝑢𝑢
� 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢 tan−1 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑢𝑢2 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎

13 −1 1 𝑢𝑢
� 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢 cot −1 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑢𝑢2 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎

14 1 1 𝑢𝑢
� 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢 sec −1 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑢𝑢 𝑢𝑢2 − 𝑎𝑎2 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎

15 −1 1 𝑢𝑢
� 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢 cosec −1 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑢𝑢 𝑢𝑢2 − 𝑎𝑎2 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎
109
 Keep the constant.
#1 Constant Rule. � 𝑘𝑘 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑐𝑐
#exercise_1
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 = 𝟒𝟒𝟒𝟒 + 𝒄𝒄
� 4 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

2 3 =
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
4
3 =
� 𝜋𝜋 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

4 =
� 10𝜋𝜋 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

5 =
� −5 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

6 =
� 6.01𝑎𝑎 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

110
#2 Power Rule. 𝑥𝑥 𝒏𝒏+1 Increase by 1.
� 𝑥𝑥 𝒏𝒏 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝑐𝑐
#exercise_2 𝒏𝒏 + 1
Let’s do it! Divide by the new power.

No. Questions Answers

1 𝑥𝑥1+1
= + 𝑐𝑐
� 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1+1
𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐
= + 𝒄𝒄
𝟐𝟐
2
� 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

3 1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥 3

111
#2 Power Rule. 𝑥𝑥 𝒏𝒏+1 Increase by 1.
� 𝑥𝑥 𝒏𝒏 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝑐𝑐
#exercise_2 𝒏𝒏 + 1
Let’s do it! Divide by the new power.

No. Questions Answers

4
� 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

5 4
� 𝑥𝑥 6 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

6 1
� 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥

112
 Keep the constant.
𝒏𝒏+1
#3 Constant Multiple Rule. 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥
� 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 𝒏𝒏 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝑐𝑐
#exercise_3 𝒏𝒏 + 1
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 5𝑥𝑥 1+1
= + 𝑐𝑐
� 5𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1+1
𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟓𝟐𝟐
= + 𝒄𝒄
𝟐𝟐
2

� 7𝑥𝑥 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

4
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3𝑥𝑥 2

113
 Keep the constant.
𝒏𝒏+1
#3 Constant Multiple Rule. 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥
� 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 𝒏𝒏 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝑐𝑐
#exercise_3 𝒏𝒏 + 1
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

4
2
�− 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
10 𝑥𝑥

5
3
� 𝜋𝜋 𝑥𝑥 4 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
16𝑥𝑥

114
 Rewrite the equation.
#4 Extended Power Rule. 𝒏𝒏 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 𝒏𝒏+1
� 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝑐𝑐
𝒂𝒂 𝒏𝒏 + 1
#exercise_4
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 𝑥𝑥 + 2 3+1
= + 𝑐𝑐
1 3+1
3 𝑥𝑥 + 2 4
� 𝑥𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝑐𝑐
1 4
𝒙𝒙 + 𝟐𝟐 𝟒𝟒
= + 𝒄𝒄
𝟒𝟒
2

4
� 3𝑥𝑥 + 5 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

5
� 6𝑥𝑥 − 8 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

115
 Rewrite the equation.
#4 Extended Power Rule. 𝒏𝒏 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 𝒏𝒏+1
� 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝑐𝑐
𝒂𝒂 𝒏𝒏 + 1
#exercise_4
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

4

2
� 10 3 − 2𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

5
5
� 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
4 + 7𝑥𝑥

1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
12𝑥𝑥 + 3

116
 Upper limit.
𝒃𝒃
#5 Definite Integral. � 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝒂𝒂
#exercise_5 Lower limit.
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 x3 5x 2 2
= + −x
3 2 0

 (2 )3 5(2 )2   (0 )3 5(0 )2 
2 =  + − 2  −  + − 0 
� 𝑥𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑥 − 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑  3 2   3 2 
0 8 
=  + 10 − 2  − 0
3 
32
=
3

3
� 4𝑥𝑥 3 − 𝑥𝑥 + 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1

117
 Upper limit.
𝒃𝒃
#5 Definite Integral. � 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝒂𝒂
#exercise_5 Lower limit.
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

3

2
2
� 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
−1 3𝑥𝑥 + 5

5
4
� 10𝑥𝑥 − 1 + 2𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0

118
 Rewrite the equation.
#6 Exponential Function. 1
� 𝑒𝑒 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥+𝒃𝒃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = × 𝑒𝑒 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥+𝒃𝒃 + 𝑐𝑐
𝒂𝒂
#exercise_6
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 1
𝑥𝑥
� 𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = × 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
1
= 𝒆𝒆𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄
2

� 𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

� 𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥+3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

119
 Rewrite the equation.
#6 Exponential Function. 1
� 𝑒𝑒 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥+𝒃𝒃 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = × 𝑒𝑒 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥+𝒃𝒃 + 𝑐𝑐
𝒂𝒂
#exercise_6
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

4
� 8𝑒𝑒 −3+4𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

5
1 7
� + 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥+2

𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥 + 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑒𝑒 2
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑒𝑒 2

120
 Rewrite the equation.
#7 Reciprocal Function. 1 1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = × ln 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 + 𝑐𝑐
𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 𝒂𝒂
#exercise_7
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 1 1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = × ln 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
1
𝑥𝑥 = 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄
2

1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥 + 3

5
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
5𝑥𝑥 − 6

121
 Rewrite the equation.
#7 Reciprocal Function. 1 1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = × ln 𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 + 𝑐𝑐
𝒂𝒂𝑥𝑥 + 𝒃𝒃 𝒂𝒂
#exercise_7
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

4
3𝑥𝑥
�− 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
8𝑥𝑥 2

5
𝑥𝑥
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥

𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 − 2
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥

122
#8 Trigonometric Function. #exercise_8
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

1 1
=− × cos 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥
� sin 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
1
= − × cos 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
1
= − 𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜𝐜 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄
2

� sin 3𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

� 10𝜋𝜋 cos 5𝑥𝑥 − 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

123
 #8 Trigonometric Function. #exercise_8
Let’s do it!

No. Questions Answers

4

3𝑥𝑥
� sec 2 4 − 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2

� 6sec 2 2𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

� 6 sin 4𝑥𝑥 + 9 + 10 cos 3 − 5𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

124
#9 Substitution Method.
The technique of substitution or change of variables is based on
the chain rule for derivatives. It gives a simpler integral involving
the variable 𝑢𝑢.

Here’s are some examples for choosing 𝒖𝒖 expression.

𝒖𝒖 𝑛𝑛
𝒖𝒖
𝒖𝒖 𝑙𝑙𝑙𝑙 𝒖𝒖
𝑒𝑒
1 1
𝒖𝒖 𝒖𝒖 2
1 sin 𝒖𝒖
𝒖𝒖

125
#9 Substitution Method. #exercise_9
Let’s do it!

Questions
1 2
2
� 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 + 43 5
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � 16𝑥𝑥 3 𝑥𝑥 4 + 6 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 3 + 4
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 3𝑥𝑥 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3𝑥𝑥 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
� 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑢𝑢 5
3𝑥𝑥 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= � 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑢𝑢 5
3𝑥𝑥 2
1 5
=� 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3
1 𝑢𝑢6
= + 𝑐𝑐
3 6
𝑢𝑢6
= + 𝑐𝑐
18
𝟔𝟔
𝒙𝒙𝟑𝟑 + 𝟒𝟒
= + 𝒄𝒄
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
126
#9 Substitution Method. #exercise_9
Let’s do it!

Questions

3 4
2 3 5
� 𝑥𝑥 1 + 4𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 2 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

127
#9 Substitution Method. #exercise_9
Let’s do it!

Questions

5 6 2
3
� cos 2𝑥𝑥 sin 2𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � 4𝑦𝑦 2 𝑦𝑦 3 + 4 3
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0

128
#9 Substitution Method. #exercise_9
Let’s do it!

Questions

7 2𝑒𝑒 4𝑥𝑥 8 1
� 4𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � 16𝑥𝑥 3 sec 2 𝑥𝑥 4 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑒𝑒 − 10
0

129
#9 Substitution Method. #exercise_9
Let’s do it!

Questions

1
9
� 𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
10 𝑥𝑥 3
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0 𝑥𝑥 4 + 12

130
Integration
(Part 2)
# Integration of Inverse Trigonometric Function.
# Integration by Parts.
# Integration by Partial Fraction.
#11 Integration by Parts.
The Integration by Parts is available for integrating products of
two functions.

The Integration by Parts formula is a “product rule” for

integration.

� 𝒖𝒖 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 = 𝒖𝒖𝒗𝒗 − � 𝒗𝒗 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

Choose 𝒖𝒖 in this order : L I A T E Logs

Inverse Trig
Algebraic
Trigonometric
Exponential

135
#11 Integration by Parts #exercise_11
Let’s do it!

Questions
1 2
𝑥𝑥
� 𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � 𝑥𝑥 ln 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑢𝑢 = 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
=1 𝑣𝑣 = � 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥
1

� 𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 − � 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

𝑥𝑥
𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥
= 𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 − + 𝑐𝑐
1
= 𝒙𝒙𝒆𝒆𝒙𝒙 − 𝒆𝒆𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄

136
#11 Integration by Parts #exercise_11
Let’s do it!

Questions
3 4
� 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � 𝑥𝑥 sin 3𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

137
#11 Integration by Parts #exercise_11
Let’s do it!

Questions
5
� 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑒𝑒 4𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

138
#11 Integration by Parts #exercise_11
Let’s do it!

Questions
𝜋𝜋
6 3 4𝑥𝑥
� 𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0 2

139
#11 Integration by Parts #exercise_11
Let’s do it!

Questions
𝜋𝜋
7 2
� 𝑥𝑥 2 sin 4𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0

140
#12 Integration by Partial Fraction.

Form of Denominator Rational Function Partial Fraction Form

Linear Factors 𝑁𝑁 𝑥𝑥 𝑨𝑨 𝑩𝑩
+
𝒙𝒙 + 𝒂𝒂 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒃𝒃 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒂𝒂 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒃𝒃
𝑁𝑁 𝑥𝑥 𝑨𝑨 𝑩𝑩 𝑪𝑪
+ +
𝒙𝒙 + 𝒂𝒂 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒃𝒃 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒂𝒂 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒃𝒃 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄

Repeated Linear 𝑁𝑁 𝑥𝑥 𝑨𝑨 𝑩𝑩
+ 𝟐𝟐
Factors 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒂𝒂 𝟐𝟐 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒂𝒂 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒂𝒂
� 𝒖𝒖 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 =𝑁𝑁𝒖𝒖𝒗𝒗
𝑥𝑥
− � 𝒗𝒗 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑨𝑨 𝑩𝑩 𝑪𝑪
+ 𝟐𝟐 +
Choose 𝒖𝒖 in this order𝒙𝒙 +
𝟐𝟐
: L𝒂𝒂 I A𝒙𝒙 +
T E𝒃𝒃 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒂𝒂 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒂𝒂 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒃𝒃

Quadratic Factors 𝑁𝑁 𝑥𝑥 𝑨𝑨𝑨𝑨 + 𝑩𝑩

𝒂𝒂𝒂𝒂𝟐𝟐 + 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 + 𝒄𝒄 𝒂𝒂𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒃𝒃𝒃𝒃 + 𝒄𝒄
𝑁𝑁 𝑥𝑥 𝑨𝑨 𝑩𝑩𝑩𝑩 + 𝑪𝑪
+ 𝟐𝟐
𝒙𝒙 + 𝒂𝒂 𝒃𝒃𝒙𝒙𝟐𝟐 + 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 + 𝒅𝒅 𝒙𝒙 + 𝒂𝒂 𝒃𝒃𝒙𝒙 + 𝒄𝒄𝒄𝒄 + 𝒅𝒅

141
#12 Integration by Partial Fraction. #exercise_12
Let’s do it!

Questions
1 5𝑥𝑥 + 4 2 2𝑥𝑥 − 1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝑥𝑥 − 1 2𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝑥𝑥 − 3
5𝑥𝑥 + 4 𝐴𝐴 𝐵𝐵
= +
𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝑥𝑥 − 1 𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝑥𝑥 − 1
5𝑥𝑥 + 4 = 𝐴𝐴 𝑥𝑥 − 1 + 𝐵𝐵 𝑥𝑥 + 1
Let 𝑥𝑥 + 1 = 0
𝑥𝑥 = −1
5 −1 + 4 = 𝐴𝐴 −1 − 1 + 𝐵𝐵 −1 + 1
−5 + 4 = 𝐴𝐴 −2 + 𝐵𝐵 0
−1 = −2𝐴𝐴 + 0
−1
= 𝐴𝐴
−2
𝟏𝟏
𝑨𝑨 =
𝟐𝟐
Let 𝑥𝑥 − 1 = 0
𝑥𝑥 = 1
5 1 + 4 = 𝐴𝐴 1 − 1 + 𝐵𝐵 1 + 1
5 + 4 = 𝐴𝐴 0 + 𝐵𝐵 2
9 = 0 + 2𝐵𝐵
𝟗𝟗
𝑩𝑩 =
𝟐𝟐
1 9
� + 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
2 𝑥𝑥 + 1 2 𝑥𝑥 − 1
1 ln 𝑥𝑥 + 1 9 ln 𝑥𝑥 − 1
= + + 𝑐𝑐
2 1 2 1

𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝒙𝒙 + 𝟏𝟏 𝟗𝟗 𝐥𝐥𝐥𝐥 𝒙𝒙 − 𝟏𝟏
= + + 𝒄𝒄
𝟐𝟐 𝟐𝟐
142
#12 Integration by Partial Fraction. #exercise_12
Let’s do it!

Questions
3 8𝑥𝑥 − 14
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥 − 1 𝑥𝑥 + 2 𝑥𝑥 − 3

143
#12 Integration by Partial Fraction. #exercise_12
Let’s do it!

Questions
4 𝑥𝑥
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥 + 8

144
#12 Integration by Partial Fraction. #exercise_12
Let’s do it!

Questions
5 3𝑥𝑥 + 2
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥 2 − 𝑥𝑥 − 2

145
#12 Integration by Partial Fraction. #exercise_12
Let’s do it!

Questions
6 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 + 8
� 3 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥

146
Integration
(Part 3)
# Applications of Integration.
(Area and Volume)
 #13 Apply Techniques of Integration. (Area of a graph)
𝒃𝒃
� 𝒇𝒇 𝒙𝒙 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅 𝒂𝒂 - lower limit
#exercise_13 𝒂𝒂 𝒃𝒃 - upper limit
Let’s do it! 𝒂𝒂 𝒃𝒃
Questions
1 Find the area in the first quadrant bounded by 2 What is the area between the curve y = 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 − 3
𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 2 and the 𝑥𝑥-axis. and the 𝑥𝑥-axis, bounded by 𝑥𝑥 = −2 and 𝑥𝑥 = 3 ?

2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 2 = 0
𝑥𝑥 = 0 ; 𝑥𝑥 = 2

2 2 x 2 x3 2

∫0
2 x − x 2 dx =
2
−
3 0
3 2
x
= x2 −
3 0
 2 23   2 03 
=  2 −  −  0 − 
 3  3
4
= unit 2
3
148
#13 Apply Techniques of Integration. (Area of a graph) #exercise_13
Let’s do it!

Questions
3 Find the area of the region enclosed by the parabola y = 𝑥𝑥 2 and the line 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 2.

149
#13 Apply Techniques of Integration. (Area of a graph) #exercise_13
Let’s do it!

Questions
4 Determine the area of the region bounded by y = 3𝑥𝑥 + 6 and 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 2 + 2.

150
#13 Apply Techniques of Integration. (Area of a graph) #exercise_13
Let’s do it!

Questions
5 Find the area of the region enclosed by the parabola y = 4𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 2 and the line 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 0.

151
#13 Apply Techniques of Integration. (Area of a graph) #exercise_13
Let’s do it!

Questions
1
6 Determine the area of the region enclosed by 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑦𝑦 2 − 2 and 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 − 6.
4

152
#13 Apply Techniques of Integration. (Area of a graph) #exercise_13
Let’s do it!

Questions
𝑦𝑦 2 𝑦𝑦 2
7 Find the area of the region enclosed by 𝑥𝑥 = −2 and 𝑥𝑥 = − + 15.
2 4
𝑦𝑦 2
𝑥𝑥 = −2
2

𝑦𝑦 2
𝑥𝑥 = − + 15
4

153
#13 Apply Techniques of Integration. (Area of a graph) #exercise_13
Let’s do it!

Questions
8 Find the area of the region enclosed by 𝑦𝑦 = 3
𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 2 .
𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 2
3
0.66,0.87 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥

154
#13 Apply Techniques of Integration. (Area of a graph) #exercise_13
Let’s do it!

Questions
9 Determine the area of the region bounded by 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 and 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 − 4 2 .
2
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 − 4
𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2

155
#13 Apply Techniques of Integration. (Area of a graph) #exercise_13
Let’s do it!

Questions
10 What is the area between the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 − 𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 and the 𝑥𝑥-axis, bounded by 𝑥𝑥 = −1 and 𝑥𝑥 = 2?

156
#14 Apply Techniques of Integration. (Volume of a graph)
𝒃𝒃
� 𝝅𝝅 𝒇𝒇 𝒙𝒙 𝟐𝟐 𝒅𝒅𝒅𝒅
𝒂𝒂
𝒂𝒂 𝒃𝒃 𝒂𝒂 - lower limit
#exercise_14 𝒃𝒃 - upper limit
Let’s do it!

Questions
1 Find the volume of the solid of revolution the 2 Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating
2
graph of 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 = 4 − 𝑥𝑥 about the 𝑥𝑥-axis in the the region bounded by 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 3 , 𝑦𝑦 = 4 and 𝑥𝑥 = 0.
first quadrant.
4 − 𝑥𝑥 2 = 0
𝑥𝑥 = −2 ; 𝑥𝑥 = 2
2
� 𝜋𝜋 4 − 𝑥𝑥 2 2
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0
2
= 𝜋𝜋 � 16 − 8𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 4 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
0
 8x3 x5 2 
= π 16 x − + 
 3 5 0 
 8(2 ) (2 )  
3 5
= π  16(2 ) − +  − (0 )

 3 5  

𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝟐𝝅𝝅
= 𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝒖𝟐𝟐
𝟏𝟏𝟏𝟏
157
#14 Apply Techniques of Integration. (Volume of a graph) #exercise_14
Let’s do it!

Questions
3 Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the line 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 + 3 and 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2
the parabola completely about 𝑥𝑥-axis.

158
#14 Apply Techniques of Integration. (Volume of a graph) #exercise_14
Let’s do it!

Questions
4 Determine the volume the solid obtained the region bounded by 𝑦𝑦 2 = 4𝑥𝑥 and 𝑦𝑦 = 2𝑥𝑥 − 4 completely about
the 𝑦𝑦-axis.

159
#14 Apply Techniques of Integration. (Volume of a graph) #exercise_14
Let’s do it!

Questions
5 Calculate the generated volume between the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 6𝑥𝑥 − 𝑥𝑥 2 , 𝑥𝑥 = 2 and 𝑥𝑥 = 6?

160
#14 Apply Techniques of Integration. (Volume of a graph) #exercise_14
Let’s do it!

Questions
6 Figure below shows a region which is enclosed by the graph of 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 4 and 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 − 2 2 . Compute the
volume of solid revolution formed when the shaded region is rotated 360° about 𝑥𝑥-axis?

161
#14 Apply Techniques of Integration. (Volume of a graph) #exercise_14
Let’s do it!

Questions
7 Find the volume of the solid formed when the shaded region is bounded by the curve 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 2 and the line
𝑦𝑦 = −2𝑥𝑥 + 3 is rotated through 360° on the 𝑥𝑥-axis?

162
ANSWER
#exercise_2 #exercise_3
No. Answers No. Answers
1. 38 2. 514

Exponents and Logarithms 2. 3−8 3. 1

22
3. 38 𝑥𝑥 8
4. 1
4. 37
#exercise_1 5. 5 5.
62
218
No. Answers No. Answers
22
6.
515 6. 212
1. 32 11. 2
1 12. 2 7. 4−3 7. 28
2.
9
64 16 𝑥𝑥 8. 8. 216𝑛𝑛−2
13. 1010
3. 81𝑥𝑥 4 1 9. 1
14. 5𝑥𝑥 9.
2− 2 1056
4. −5𝑥𝑥 3 4 4
15. 53 𝑦𝑦 3
1 10. 79 10. 96𝑦𝑦
5.
100𝑦𝑦 2 16. 625𝑥𝑥 4 𝑦𝑦 4 11. 75 11. 1
17. 1 33𝑛𝑛+7
6. −1000 52 12. 211
12. 57𝑛𝑛+2
7. 8 18. 1 1
13. 22
52 𝑥𝑥 2
729
19. 1 14. 3𝑐𝑐 6
8. 16 84
𝑎𝑎𝑏𝑏7
9 9
20.
84 15. 56
9. 243
− 1 1
1024 21.
73 𝑦𝑦 3
16. 0.5946 𝑝𝑝3
10. 729 6 4 4
4
𝑞𝑞9
𝑥𝑥 22.
4096 93 𝑦𝑦 3
5
17. 1.355 𝑝𝑝3
23.
36 𝑞𝑞3𝑥𝑥
1 2
24. 2𝑛𝑛+3
43 𝑥𝑥 3 18.
163
#exercise_4 #exercise_5 #exercise_7
No. Answers No. Answers No. Answers
2. 𝑥𝑥 = 7 2. 34 = 81 2. 3 log 𝑥𝑥 + 2 log 𝑦𝑦 − log 𝑧𝑧
3. 1 1 1
3. 𝑥𝑥 = −3 14−2 = 3.
log 𝑥𝑥 + log 𝑦𝑦
196 3 3
4. 3
4. 5 4. 15 log 𝑥𝑥 + log 𝑦𝑦 − 4 log 𝑧𝑧
𝑥𝑥 = 𝑢𝑢𝑣𝑣 = 2
2 16
5. 3 1
log 𝑥𝑥 + log 𝑦𝑦 − log 𝑧𝑧
4 2
5. 𝑥𝑥 = −9 5. 1
2892 = 17 6. 1
log 𝑥𝑥 + log 𝑦𝑦 − 4 log 𝑧𝑧
2
6. 𝑥𝑥 = 4 𝑦𝑦
6. 7
7. 𝑥𝑥 = 2 4
= 𝑥𝑥 #exercise_8 #exercise_9
No. Answers No. Answers
8. 𝑥𝑥 = 1
#exercise_6 2. 3 2. 𝑧𝑧 + 𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦

9. 5 No. Answers 3. −5 3. 𝑧𝑧 + 𝑦𝑦
𝑥𝑥 =
4 4. 1 4. 𝑥𝑥 + 1
2. log12 144 = 2
3
1 1
10.
𝑥𝑥 = 2, 𝑥𝑥 = −
3
3.
log9
81
= −2 5. 1
3
#exercise_10
No. Answers
6. −3
11. 𝑥𝑥 = 2, 𝑥𝑥 = −6
1 2.i. 1 + 𝑞𝑞
4.
log 1 =2
12 144 ii. 2𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞
12.
5 5 𝑝𝑝 + 𝑞𝑞
𝑥𝑥 = , 𝑥𝑥 = −
2 2
3.i. 1.955
5. log𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 = −14
ii. 1.3033
6. log 1 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥
5 iii. −0.3147

164
#exercise_11 #exercise_14
No. Answers No. Answers
2. 5.907 2. 5.3863

3. 1.4057 3. 1.585

4. 1.3634 4. −0.2288
5. −0.1386

#exercise_12 6. 8.8369

No. Answers
1. 4.9338 #exercise_15
2. 1.0107 No. Answers
2. 𝑥𝑥 = 0.0498

#exercise_13 3. 𝑥𝑥 = 34
4. 𝑥𝑥 = 1
No. Answers
5. 𝑥𝑥 = 2 ; 𝑥𝑥 = 4
2. 3
6. 𝑥𝑥 = 6 ; 𝑥𝑥 = −4
3. 64𝑝𝑝4
log8 7. 𝑥𝑥 = 16
3
𝑞𝑞
9𝑥𝑥 4 8. 𝑥𝑥 = 4 ; 𝑥𝑥 = 16
4.
log3 1
𝑦𝑦 9.
𝑥𝑥 =
17
177144
5.
log 2𝑚𝑚 3 10. 𝑥𝑥 = 6
6. log 𝑎𝑎5

165
Differentiation #exercise_5 #exercise_6
No. Answers No. Answers
#exercise_3 2. 20𝑥𝑥 4 + 9𝑥𝑥 2 2. 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 12𝑥𝑥 − 3
#exercise_1 No. Answers 3. 12𝑥𝑥 3 + 15𝑥𝑥 2 + 27
𝑥𝑥 + 2 2
No. Answers 2. 15𝑥𝑥 4 3. −24𝑥𝑥 5 − 2
4. 150𝑥𝑥 4 + 240𝑥𝑥 2
2. 0 50 3𝑥𝑥 5 − 1 2
3.
−
𝑥𝑥 11 4. 12𝑥𝑥 8 − 30𝑥𝑥 5 + 200𝑥𝑥 4 + 100𝑥𝑥
3. 0
4. 160 3𝑥𝑥 4 + 10 2
0
4.
5. 0 5.
𝑥𝑥 6
1
#exercise_7
3
No. Answers
6. 0 2𝑥𝑥 4
2 2. 70 10𝑥𝑥 + 9 6
6.
50𝑥𝑥 3
48𝑥𝑥 4𝑥𝑥 2 + 3 5
#exercise_2 3
1
3.
4. 6 2𝑥𝑥 + 5
7.
No. Answers − 3 −
𝑥𝑥 2 + 5𝑥𝑥 4
4𝑥𝑥 2
2. 5𝑥𝑥 4 5. 2
− 2
3. 10
− 11 #exercise_4 𝑥𝑥 − 2 3

𝑥𝑥 6. 5𝑥𝑥 2 + 8 2
210𝑥𝑥 2 − 30𝑥𝑥 + 48
5 No. Answers
4. 4
− 6 7. 20 4𝑥𝑥 − 7 𝑥𝑥 2 + 5 6
+ 12𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 2 + 5 5
4𝑥𝑥 − 7 5
𝑥𝑥 2. 20𝑥𝑥 3 + 6𝑥𝑥 2 + 8𝑥𝑥
5. 1 6 8 8. 𝑥𝑥 + 9 2 𝑥𝑥 − 24
3.
2 𝑥𝑥 500𝑥𝑥 9 − 4+ 3 𝑥𝑥 − 2 3
𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥
6. 5 2 4. 1 4 3 𝑥𝑥
𝑥𝑥 3 −
3 2 𝑥𝑥 3
7. 1 5 4𝑥𝑥 4
− 3 5.
− 6
+ +
2𝑥𝑥 2 6𝑥𝑥 3 7

166
 #exercise_10
#exercise_8 No. Answers
2. −5 sin 5𝑥𝑥
No. Answers
3. −50 sin 5𝑥𝑥
2. 2𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥
4. 0
3. −2𝑒𝑒 −2𝑥𝑥
5. 𝜋𝜋 cos 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋
4. 3𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥+5
6. −30𝑥𝑥 sin 5𝑥𝑥 2
2 2𝑥𝑥 3 +7𝑥𝑥 −3+8𝑥𝑥
5. 30𝑥𝑥 + 35 𝑒𝑒 − 6𝑒𝑒
7. −30𝑥𝑥 sin 5𝑥𝑥 2 − 1
6. 3𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥 − 2𝑒𝑒 4−2𝑥𝑥
8. 12 4
2 −3𝑥𝑥 9 − sec2 3
7. 5 + 8𝑥𝑥 − 27𝑥𝑥 8 𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥+4𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 4 𝑥𝑥
8. 2 9. −10𝑥𝑥 4 sec 2 −2𝑥𝑥 5 + 7
− + 32𝑒𝑒 4𝑥𝑥
𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥 10. 12𝑥𝑥 2 + 5 cos 4𝑥𝑥 3 + 5𝑥𝑥 − 2
11. −30 sin 6𝑥𝑥 + 1
#exercise_9 12. 6𝑥𝑥 sec 2 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 5𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥 + 20𝑥𝑥 4
No. Answers 13. 6𝑥𝑥 5 − 24𝑥𝑥 2 cos 𝑥𝑥 3 − 4 2

2. 1
𝑥𝑥 #exercise_11
3. 5 No. Answers
𝑥𝑥 2. 20𝑥𝑥 3
4. 6𝑥𝑥 + 4 −
1 − 25𝑥𝑥 8
3𝑥𝑥 2 + 4𝑥𝑥
3. 1
5. 14
𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 2
7𝑥𝑥 − 5
4. 3𝜋𝜋
6. 30𝑥𝑥 2 + 4
1 − 9𝜋𝜋 2 𝑥𝑥 2
35𝑥𝑥 3 14𝑥𝑥 − 7
5. 30𝑥𝑥 2
7. 1 1
+ 1 − 4𝑥𝑥 6
𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝑥𝑥 − 2
1 1 6. 𝜋𝜋 2𝑥𝑥 + 3
8.
− 1 + 𝑥𝑥 2 + 3𝑥𝑥 2
𝑥𝑥 − 1 𝑥𝑥 + 1
167
#exercise_12 #exercise_14
No. Answers No. Answers
2 +4
1. 6𝑥𝑥 2 + 3 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 2. −1,16 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

2. 10𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥 10𝑥𝑥 3 − 15𝑥𝑥 2 − 12 3. 1,6 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ; 3,2 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚

5𝑥𝑥 3 − 6 2 4. 2,32 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ; 6,0 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
3
3. 10𝑥𝑥 5. 4 49
+ 6𝑥𝑥 2 ln 5𝑥𝑥 + 8 0,1 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ; , 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
5𝑥𝑥 + 8 3 81
4. 6𝑥𝑥 2 + 4 𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 + 10𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑥 3 + 2𝑥𝑥 6. 0,4 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚 ; −2, −4 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
5. 24𝑥𝑥 4
+ 8 sin−1 2𝑥𝑥 3
1− 4𝑥𝑥 6
6. 3 tan 3𝑥𝑥 cos 3𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑥𝑥 sin 3𝑥𝑥 sec 2 3𝑥𝑥
#exercise_15 #exercise_16
tan2 3𝑥𝑥 No. Answers No. Answers
2. 1 2. 135𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐3
#exercise_13 10𝑡𝑡
2𝑡𝑡 2 − 1
𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
3. 3. −480𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚2
No. Answers
4. 3𝑡𝑡 2 − 2 𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚𝑚
1. 200𝑥𝑥 3 + 6 −3 sin 𝑡𝑡 4. 160𝜋𝜋𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐3 𝑠𝑠 −1
2. 300 5𝑥𝑥 − 2 2 5. 2𝑡𝑡 + 4 5. 1
1 − 2𝑡𝑡 −2 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠 −1
100𝜋𝜋
3. −18 sin 3𝑥𝑥 + 4
6. 3 cos 3𝑡𝑡 6. 5600𝜋𝜋𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2 𝑠𝑠 −1
4. 72 sin2 6𝑥𝑥 − cos2 6𝑥𝑥 −4 sin 2𝑡𝑡
7. 120𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐2 𝑠𝑠 −1
5. −72 7. 3
3𝑥𝑥 − 4 2 𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑒 2𝑡𝑡+1 8. 1
𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑠𝑠 −1
32
8. 3𝑡𝑡 2 + 4𝑡𝑡 4𝑡𝑡 + 1 2

4𝑡𝑡 2 + 2𝑡𝑡 − 12 9. 50𝜋𝜋𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐3 𝑠𝑠 −1

168
#exercise_17 #exercise_18
No. Answers No. Answers
2. 2 2. 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
− = 6𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 2
𝑦𝑦 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
3. 2𝑥𝑥 + 5
2𝑦𝑦 − 1 3. 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
= 5𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 = 5𝑥𝑥 + 𝑥𝑥 2 − 2𝑥𝑥 3 𝑦𝑦
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
4. −𝑦𝑦 − 3
𝑥𝑥 + 1 4. 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
=5 =3
5. −2𝑥𝑥 − 𝑦𝑦 + 1 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧
=0 =0
6. −𝑥𝑥 𝑦𝑦 2 + 1 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2
𝑦𝑦 𝑥𝑥 2 − 1 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧
= =0
7. −3𝑥𝑥 2 + 10𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
−5𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑦𝑦 5. 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
= 6𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑦𝑦 = 𝑥𝑥 + 8𝑦𝑦
8. 𝑥𝑥 4𝑦𝑦 3 − 3𝑥𝑥 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
3𝑦𝑦 1 − 2𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧
= 12𝑥𝑥 =8
9. −2 sin 2𝑥𝑥 + 8 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2
3 𝑦𝑦 2 − cos 3𝑦𝑦 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧
= =1
10. 2 − cos 𝑥𝑥 cos 𝑦𝑦 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
− sin 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝑦𝑦 6. 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
= 12𝑥𝑥 2 + 6𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 4 = 12𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 3 − 12𝑦𝑦
11. −2𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥 + 1 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
3𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 2 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧
= 24𝑥𝑥 + 6𝑦𝑦 4 = 36𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 − 12
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2
𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧
= = 24𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 3
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕

169
#exercise_18 #exercise_19
No. Answers No. Answers
7. 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 1. 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 3𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= 80𝑥𝑥 − 3𝑦𝑦 = −3𝑥𝑥 − 56𝑦𝑦
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
2. 3𝑥𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 + 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 + 𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑥 + 2𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧
= 80 = −56 3. 0.24𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 3 − 0.24𝑥𝑥 3 + 0.9𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2
𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧
= = −3
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
8. 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
= 2𝑥𝑥 cos 2𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑦 2 cos 2𝑥𝑥 = −2𝑥𝑥 2 sin 2𝑦𝑦 + 2𝑦𝑦 sin 2𝑥𝑥
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧
= 2 cos 2𝑦𝑦 − 4𝑦𝑦 2 sin 2𝑥𝑥 = −4𝑥𝑥 2 cos 2𝑦𝑦 + 2 sin 2𝑥𝑥
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2
𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧
= = −4𝑥𝑥 sin 2𝑦𝑦 + 4𝑦𝑦 cos 2𝑥𝑥
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
9. 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 1
= 8𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 3 + 2𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥+1 = 12𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 −
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝑦𝑦
𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧 1
= 8𝑦𝑦 3 + 4𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥+1 = 24𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 + 2
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2 𝑦𝑦
𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧
= = 24𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 2
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
10. 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
= 27𝑥𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 2 + sin 3𝑦𝑦 = 18𝑥𝑥 3 𝑦𝑦 + 3𝑥𝑥 cos 3𝑦𝑦
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕
𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧
= 54𝑥𝑥𝑦𝑦 2 = 18𝑥𝑥 3 − 9𝑥𝑥 sin 3𝑦𝑦
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 2
𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧 𝜕𝜕 2 𝑧𝑧
= = 54𝑦𝑦𝑥𝑥 2 + 3 cos 3𝑦𝑦
𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕 𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕𝜕

170
Integration #exercise_3 #exercise_5 #exercise_7
No. Answers No. Answers No. Answers

#exercise_1 2. 7𝑥𝑥 4
+ 𝑐𝑐
2. 80 2. ln 𝑥𝑥 + 3 + 𝑐𝑐
4 39 3. ln 5𝑥𝑥 − 6 + 𝑐𝑐
No. Answers 3.
3. 4 484
− + 𝑐𝑐 4. 3
2. 3 3𝑥𝑥 − ln 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥 4. 5649530 8
4 4. 2
− 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐 5. 1
3. 𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 5 ln 3𝑥𝑥 + 1 + 𝑐𝑐
3
4. 10𝜋𝜋𝜋𝜋 5. 3𝜋𝜋 7
𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑐 6. 𝑥𝑥 2
7 + 𝑥𝑥 − 2ln 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
5. −5𝑥𝑥 2
6. 1
6. 6.01𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
2

#exercise_2 #exercise_4 #exercise_6 #exercise_8

No. Answers No. Answers No. Answers No. Answers
3
2. 𝑥𝑥 2. 3𝑥𝑥 + 5 5
2. 𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥
2. 1
+ 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑐𝑐 − cos 3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
3 15 2 3
3. 1 3. 6𝑥𝑥 − 8 6
3. 𝑒𝑒 2𝑥𝑥+3 3. 2𝜋𝜋 sin 5𝑥𝑥 + 3 + 𝑐𝑐
− 2 + 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑐𝑐 + 𝑐𝑐
2𝑥𝑥 36 2 4. 2 3𝑥𝑥
4. 2 3 3 −3+4𝑥𝑥 − tan 4 − + 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑐 4. −5 3 − 2𝑥𝑥 4. 2𝑒𝑒 + 𝑐𝑐 3 2
3 + 𝑐𝑐
3 𝑒𝑒 −3𝑥𝑥 7𝑒𝑒 −5𝑥𝑥−2
2 5
5. 5. 3 tan 2𝑥𝑥 + 1 + 𝑐𝑐
5. −5 − − + 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥 2 + 𝑐𝑐 5.
+ 𝑐𝑐 3 5
5 2 6. 3
14 4 + 7𝑥𝑥 − cos 4𝑥𝑥 + 9 − 2 sin 3 − 5𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐
3 2 6. 𝑒𝑒 5𝑥𝑥−2 𝑒𝑒 4𝑥𝑥−2 𝑒𝑒 3𝑥𝑥 2
6. + − + 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥 3 + 𝑐𝑐 6. 12𝑥𝑥 + 3 5 4 3
2 + 𝑐𝑐
6

171
#exercise_9 #exercise_11 #exercise_13
No. Answers No. Answers No. Answers
2. 𝑥𝑥 4 + 6 4
+ 𝑐𝑐 2. 𝑥𝑥 2 ln 𝑥𝑥 𝑥𝑥 2 2. 25
− + 𝑐𝑐 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 2
2 4 6
3. 4𝑥𝑥 3 + 1 6
+ 𝑐𝑐 𝑥𝑥 sin 𝑥𝑥 + cos 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐 3. 9
72 3.
𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 2
2
4. 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 2 4
4. 1 1
+ 𝑐𝑐 − 𝑥𝑥 cos 3𝑥𝑥 + sin 3𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐 4. 10.93 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 2
4 3 9
5. sin4 2𝑥𝑥 5. 1 2 4𝑥𝑥 4 1 4𝑥𝑥 5. 125
+ 𝑐𝑐 𝑥𝑥 𝑒𝑒 − 𝑥𝑥𝑒𝑒 4𝑥𝑥 + 𝑒𝑒 + 𝑐𝑐 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 2
8 4 32 32 6

6. 6826.67 6. 310938.0902 6. 72 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 2

7. ln 𝑒𝑒 4𝑥𝑥 − 10 7. −0.61685 7. 88.38 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 2

+ 𝑐𝑐
2 8. 0.2393 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 2
6.2296
8.
9. −𝑒𝑒 cos 𝑥𝑥
#exercise_12 9. 16
3
𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 2

No. Answers
0.0707
10.
2. 2 5
ln 2𝑥𝑥 + 1 + ln 𝑥𝑥 − 3 + 𝑐𝑐
#exercise_14
7 7
#exercise_10 3. −2 ln 𝑥𝑥 + 2 + ln 𝑥𝑥 − 1 + ln 𝑥𝑥 − 3 + 𝑐𝑐
No. Answers
2. 6.048𝜋𝜋𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 3
No. Answers 4. 2 ln 𝑥𝑥 + 4 − ln 𝑥𝑥 + 2 + 𝑐𝑐
3. 1088
2. −1
𝑥𝑥 5. 1 8 𝜋𝜋𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 3
sin +𝑐𝑐 ln 𝑥𝑥 + 1 − ln 𝑥𝑥 − 2 + 𝑐𝑐 15
9 3 3
4. 144
3. 5 7𝑥𝑥 6. 7 11 𝜋𝜋𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 3
tan−1 +𝑐𝑐 ln 𝑥𝑥 + 2 − 4 ln 𝑥𝑥 + ln 𝑥𝑥 − 1 + 𝑐𝑐 5
28 4 3 3
5. 1024
4. 1 5𝑥𝑥 𝜋𝜋𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 3
cos −1 5
5 24
6. 500
1 7𝑥𝑥 𝜋𝜋𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 3
5. 3
sec−1 +𝑐𝑐
6 6 7. 11
𝜋𝜋𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 3
6. 0.7297 30
172
Formulae

EXPONENTS AND LOGARITHMS

LAW OF EXPONENTS LAW OF LOGARITHMS

1. 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 × 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚+𝑛𝑛 8. log 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎 = 1

2. 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 9. log 𝑎𝑎 1 = 0
= 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚−𝑛𝑛
𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛
3. 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 𝑛𝑛
= 𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚×𝑛𝑛 10. log 𝑐𝑐 𝑏𝑏
log 𝑎𝑎 𝑏𝑏 =
log 𝑐𝑐 𝑎𝑎
4. 𝑎𝑎0 = 1 11. log 𝑎𝑎 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀 = log 𝑎𝑎 𝑀𝑀 + log 𝑎𝑎 𝑁𝑁

5. 1 12. 𝑀𝑀
𝑎𝑎−𝑛𝑛 = , 𝑎𝑎 ≠ 0 log 𝑎𝑎 = log 𝑎𝑎 𝑀𝑀 − log 𝑎𝑎 𝑁𝑁
𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑁𝑁
𝑚𝑚
6. 𝑎𝑎 𝑛𝑛 =
𝑛𝑛
𝑎𝑎𝑚𝑚 13. log 𝑎𝑎 𝑁𝑁 𝑃𝑃 = 𝑃𝑃 log 𝑎𝑎 𝑁𝑁

𝑛𝑛
7. 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 = 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛 𝑏𝑏 𝑛𝑛 14. 𝑁𝑁 = 𝑎𝑎 𝑥𝑥 ↔ log 𝑎𝑎 𝑁𝑁 = 𝑥𝑥

173
 DIFFERENTIATION

1. 𝑑𝑑 2. 𝑑𝑑 𝑛𝑛
𝑘𝑘 = 0, 𝑘𝑘 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑛𝑛𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛−1 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
3. 𝑑𝑑 4. 𝑑𝑑
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 𝑛𝑛 = 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛−1 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 ± 𝑔𝑔 𝑥𝑥 = 𝑓𝑓 ′ 𝑥𝑥 ± 𝑔𝑔′ 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
5. 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 6. 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 = 𝑢𝑢 + 𝑣𝑣 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑑𝑑 𝑢𝑢 𝑣𝑣 + 𝑢𝑢
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄𝑄 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑣𝑣 𝑣𝑣
7. 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 8. 𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥
= × 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 𝑒𝑒 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
9. 𝑑𝑑 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏 𝑑𝑑 10. 𝑑𝑑 1
𝑒𝑒 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏 × 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 ln 𝑥𝑥 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑥𝑥
11. 𝑑𝑑 1 𝑑𝑑 12. 𝑑𝑑
ln 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 = × 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 sin 𝑥𝑥 = cos 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
13. 𝑑𝑑 14. 𝑑𝑑
cos 𝑥𝑥 = − sin 𝑥𝑥 tan 𝑥𝑥 = sec 2 𝑥𝑥
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
15. 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑
sin 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 = cos 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 × 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
16. 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑
cos 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 = −sin 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 × 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
17. 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑
tan 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 = sec 2 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 × 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
18. 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
sin𝑛𝑛 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑛𝑛 sin𝑛𝑛−1 𝑢𝑢 × cos 𝑢𝑢 ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
19. 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
cos 𝑛𝑛 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑛𝑛 cos 𝑛𝑛−1 𝑢𝑢 × − sin 𝑢𝑢 ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
20. 𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
tan𝑛𝑛 𝑢𝑢 = 𝑛𝑛 tan𝑛𝑛−1 𝑢𝑢 × sec 2 𝑢𝑢 ×
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
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 DIFFERENTIATION

21. 𝑑𝑑 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 22. 𝑑𝑑 −1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

sin−1 𝑢𝑢 = cos −1 𝑢𝑢 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 − 𝑢𝑢2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 − 𝑢𝑢2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
23. 𝑑𝑑 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 24. 𝑑𝑑 −1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
tan−1 𝑢𝑢 = cot −1 𝑢𝑢 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 + 𝑢𝑢2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 1 + 𝑢𝑢2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
25. 𝑑𝑑 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 26. 𝑑𝑑 −1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
sec −1 𝑢𝑢 = cosec −1 𝑢𝑢 =
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑢𝑢 𝑢𝑢2 − 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑢𝑢 𝑢𝑢2 − 1 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
27. 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
= × 𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃𝑃 𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸𝐸
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

INTEGRATION

1. 𝑛𝑛
𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 𝑛𝑛+1 2. 𝑛𝑛
𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 𝑛𝑛+1
� 𝑎𝑎𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝑐𝑐 ; 𝑛𝑛 ≠ 1 � 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = + 𝑐𝑐 ; 𝑛𝑛 ≠ 1
𝑛𝑛 + 1 𝑎𝑎 𝑛𝑛 + 1

3. 4. 𝑏𝑏
� 𝑘𝑘 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘 + 𝑐𝑐 , 𝑘𝑘 𝑖𝑖𝑖𝑖 𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐𝑐 � 𝑓𝑓 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝐹𝐹 𝑏𝑏 − 𝐹𝐹 𝑎𝑎
𝑎𝑎

5. 1 6. 1 1
� 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = ln 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐 � 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = × ln 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑥𝑥 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 𝑎𝑎

7. 8. 1
� 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑒𝑒 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐 � 𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = × 𝑒𝑒 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎+𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑎𝑎

9. 10.
� sin 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = − cos 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐 � cos 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = sin 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐

11.
� sec 2 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = tan 𝑥𝑥 + 𝑐𝑐

175
 INTEGRATION

12. 1
� sin 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = − × cos 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
13. 1
� cos 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = × sin 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
14. 1
� sec 2 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = × tan 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑑𝑑 𝑎𝑎𝑎𝑎 + 𝑏𝑏
𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
15. 1 𝑢𝑢
� 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢 = sin−1 + 𝑐𝑐
2
𝑎𝑎 − 𝑢𝑢 2 𝑎𝑎

16. −1 𝑢𝑢
� 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢 = cos −1 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑎𝑎2 − 𝑢𝑢2 𝑎𝑎

17. 1 1 𝑢𝑢
� 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢 = tan−1 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑢𝑢 2 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎

18. −1 1 𝑢𝑢
� 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢 = cot −1 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑎𝑎2 + 𝑢𝑢 2 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎

19. 1 1 𝑢𝑢
� 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢 = sec−1 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑢𝑢 𝑢𝑢2 − 𝑎𝑎2 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎

20. −1 1 𝑢𝑢
� 𝑑𝑑𝑢𝑢 = cosec−1 + 𝑐𝑐
𝑢𝑢 𝑢𝑢2 − 𝑎𝑎2 𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎

176
 IDENTITY TRIGONOMETRY

1. cos2 𝜃𝜃 + sin2 𝜃𝜃 = 1 2. 1 + tan2 𝜃𝜃 = sec 2 𝜃𝜃

3. 1 + cot 2 𝜃𝜃 = cosec 2 𝜃𝜃 4. sin 2𝜃𝜃 = 2 sin 𝜃𝜃 cos 𝜃𝜃

5. cos 2𝜃𝜃 = 2 cos2 𝜃𝜃 − 1 6. 2 tan 𝜃𝜃

tan 2𝜃𝜃 =
= 1 − 2 sin2 𝜃𝜃 1 − tan2 𝜃𝜃
= cos 2 𝜃𝜃 − sin2 𝜃𝜃
7. sin 𝜃𝜃 8. cos 𝜃𝜃 1
tan 𝜃𝜃 = cot 𝜃𝜃 = =
cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃 tan 𝜃𝜃
9. 1 10. 1
sec 𝜃𝜃 = cosec 𝜃𝜃 =
cos 𝜃𝜃 sin 𝜃𝜃

AREA UNDER CURVE

1. 𝑏𝑏 2. 𝑏𝑏
𝐴𝐴𝑥𝑥 = � 𝑦𝑦 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝐴𝐴𝑦𝑦 = � 𝑥𝑥 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎

VOLUME UNDER CURVE

1. 𝑏𝑏 2. 𝑏𝑏
𝑉𝑉𝑥𝑥 = 𝜋𝜋 � 𝑦𝑦 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 𝑉𝑉𝑦𝑦 = 𝜋𝜋 � 𝑥𝑥 2 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑
𝑎𝑎 𝑎𝑎

INTEGRATION BY PARTS

1.
� 𝑢𝑢 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑 = 𝑢𝑢𝑢𝑢 − � 𝑣𝑣 𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑

177