HOA Reviewer: Renaissance Architecture

Renaissance Architecture
 Classical art and literature but no religious thinking
 humanist
 Use of classical orders (for décor only)
 Domes from byzantine
 Rusticated masonry with arched openings
 Semicircular vaulting
 Cornices to separates floors in façade
 Opaque décor like frescoes
 Piazza are main structures
Period in Italy:
 Early Renaissance
o Also called “Quattrocento”
 High Renaissance
o “Harmony and Balance in all arts”
o Centralized plans
 Late Renaissance
o “Mannerism”
o Assymetrical and unnatural
Period in France:
 Early Renaissance
 Mannerism
Period in Spain:
 Early Renaissance
o Also called “Plastersque”
o Influenced by Moorish Architecture
 Classical Renaissance
 Herreran
o Juan De Herrera
Period in Portugal:
 Manueline style
o Plastersque with Gothic and Classical elements
Period in Germany:
 Germany Renaissance
o Fugger Chapel – first renaissance structure in Germany
ITALIAN RENAISSANCE

FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI
> DISCOVERED LINEAR PERSPECTIVE
> KEY FIGURE WHO INFLUENCED THE START OF RENAISSANCE

MAIN STRUCTURES UNDER FILIPPO BRUNELLESCHI:

 FLORENCE CATHREDRAL
o ALSO CALLED: STA MARIA DEL FIORE
o ORIGINAL ARCHITECT: ARNOLFO DI CAMBIO
o STARTED AS A GOTHIC CHURCH WITHOUT A DOME IN CROSSING
o DOME STARTED BY BRUNELLESCHI – CONSTRUCTION FOR 16 YRS
o OCTAGONAL DRUM
o LARGEST BRICK DOME IN THE WORLD – HERRINGBONE PATTERN
o IT WAS THE FIRST 'OCTAGONAL' DOME IN HISTORY TO BE BUILT WITHOUT A TEMPORARY
WOODEN SUPPORTING FRAME.
o RIB VAULTING (8 RIBS, 16 INTERMEDIATE RIBS)
o GIOTTO IS THE ARCHITECT OF BELL TOWER

 BASILICA OF SAN LAZARO

o FLAY WOODEN CEILING
o EARLIEST INSTANCE WHERE ISOLATED FRAGMENTS OF ENTABLATURE ARE PLACED ON EACH
COLUMN WITH ARCHES SPRINGING FROM THESE.
o INTERIOR DECORATION BY DONATELLO (BRONZE PULPITS)
o OLD SACRISTY BY BRUNELLESCHI
o NEW SACRISTY BY MICHAELANGELO
o MEDICI CHAPELS BY MATEO NIGETTI
o LAURENTIAN LIBRARY BY MICHAELANGELO
o FRESCOES BY BRONZINO
o MICHELANGELO WAS COMMISSIONED BY THE MEDICI POPE LEO X TO DESIGN
THE FACADE IN WHITE CARRARA MARBLE IN 1518.
 OSPEDALE DEGLI INNOCENTI
o HOSPITAL OF THE INNOCENTS - ORPHANAGE
o THE HOSPITAL, WHICH FEATURES A NINE BAY LOGGIA FACING THE PIAZZA SS. ANNUNZIATA,
WAS BUILT AND MANAGED BY THE "ARTE DELLA SETA" OR SILK GUILD OF FLORENCE.
o THE LOGGIA WAS A WELL KNOWN BUILDING TYPE, SUCH AS THE LOGGIA DEI LANZI.

 PAZZI CHAPEL
o ONE OF THE EXAMPLE OF BRUNELLESCHI SMALL WORKS
o THE WHITE INTONACO (PLASTER) OF THE WALLS IS IN THE COOL CONTRAST TO THE
PILASTERS IN GREY "SERENE" STONE
o GLAZED TERRACOTTA WHICH ADORN THE INTERIOR ARE BY LUCA DELLA ROBBIA

 RICARDI PALACE
o DESIGNED – MICHAELOZZO (STUDENT OF BRUNELLESCHI)
o INSPIRED BY BRUNELLESCHI
o HOME OF MEDICI FAMILY
o FRESCOES – BENOZZO GOZZOLLI
o MASSIVE RUSTICATED BUILDING
o CORNICES THAT SEPARATES THE FLOOR LINE IN FAÇADE
  PALAZZO PITTI
o 2ND LARGEST PALACE IN ITALY

OTHERS:

 PALAZZO FARNESE
o DESIGNED BY SANGALLO
o STOREY ADDED BY MICHAELANGELO
DONATO BRAMANTE

 STA. MARIA DELLA GRAZIE

o “HOLY MARY OF GRACE”
o BEGAN CONSTRUCTING THE BUILDING, UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF GUINIFORTE SOLARI
o LENOARDO DA VINCI’S LAST SUPPER PAINTED IN HALL
o DONATO MONTORFANO’S CRUCIFIXION PAINTED IN HALL

 TEMPIETTO AT SAN PIETRO

o “LITTLE TEMPLE”
o INTERNAL DIAMETER OF ONLY 15 FEET
o TO MARK THE SPOT WHERE CHRIST'S DISCIPLE PETER WAS BELIEVED TO HAVE BEEN
CRUCIFIED

 PALAZZO DE CANCELLARIA
o THE CANCELLERIA WAS THE FIRST RENAISSANCE PALACE TO REVIVE THIS ANCIENT
ROMAN TRADITION.
o THE 44 GRANITE COLUMNS WERE TAKEN FROM THE THEATRE OF POMPEY AND THAT
STONES FROM THE COLOSSEUM WERE USED FOR GENERAL BUILDING PURPOSES
o TRAVERTINE EXTERIOR
 GIRAUD PALACE
o PALAZZO TORLANIA
o BUILT FOR CARDINAL ADRIANO CESTELLESI
o THE STYLE OF ARCHITECTURE WAS INFLUENCED BY THAT OF THE PAPAL CHANCERY,
THE PALAZZO DELLA CANCELLERIA

 CORTILE DI SAN DAMASO

 STA MARIA DELLA PACE

o A MAIN FEATURE OF THE CHURCH AND MONASTERY COMPLEX IS THE BRAMANTE CLOISTER
o FLAT PILASTERS
o CIRCULAR HEADED OPENING FRAMED BY SQUARE LINES

 BELVEDERE COURT
o SCULPTURE OF TWO CONCENTRIC SPHERES BY ARNALDO POMODORO WAS PLACED IN THE
MIDDLE OF THE UPPER COURTYARD
o THE COURT WAS INCOMPLETE WHEN BRAMANTE DIED IN 1514. IT WAS FINISHED BY PIRRO
LIGORIO FOR PIUS IV IN 1562–65
o PIGNA (PINECONE) – IN FRONT OF EXEDRAE IS AN ANCIENT ROMAN FOUNTAIN
 ST. PETER’S BASILICA
o REBUILT IN INFLUENCED BY POPE JULIUS II
o 150 YEARS CONSTRUCTION
o STYLE: HIGH RENAISSANCE TO BAROQUE
o BIGGEST AND LARGEST CHURCH IN THE WORLD
o ARCHITECTS:
 DONATO BRAMANTE – DESIGNED THE ORIGINAL PLAN (GREEK CROSS)
- FIRST ROMAN RENAISSANCE ARCHITECT
 RAPHAEL (RAFAELLO SANZIO) – PROPOSED LATIN CROSS PLAN
 MICHAELANGELOBUONARROTTI – PRESENTED THE GREEK CROSS PLAN AND
STRENGTHEN THE PIERS OF THE DOME, REDESIGNED THE SURROUNDINGS,
COMMENCED THE CONSTRUCTION OF GREEK DOME
 GIOVANNI LORENZO BERNINI – DESIGNED THE ENTRANCE PIAZZA WITH 284 IONIC
COLUMNS AND BALDACHINO UNDER DOME
 GIACOMO BARROZI DA VIGNOLA – ADDED ONLY SIDE DOMES/CUPOLAS
 ANTONIO SANGALLO – EXTENDED THE VESTIBULE OF THE WEST FAÇADE
- YOUNGER BROTHER OF GUILIANO, ALTERED THE PLAN OF
PERUZZI
 GUILIANO DA SANGALLO
 BALDASSARE PERUZZI
 FRA GIOCONDO
 GIACOMO DELLA PORTA
 DOMENICO FONTANA
o 6 BELLS – CAMPANONE, CAMPANONCINO, CAMPANA DELLA ROTA, CAMPANA DELLA
PREDICA, CAMPANA DE AVE MARIA

 .VATICAN PALACE – LARGEST PALACE IN ITALY

LEON BATTISTA ALBERTI

 RUCELLAI PALACE
o FIRST RENAISSANCE BUILDING WITH SUPERIMPOSED PILASTERS

 STA MARIA NOVELLA

o CONSOLES WERE PLACED IN THE FAÇADE OVER THE SIDE AISLES TO CONNECT THEM WITH
THE NAVE.

 STA ANDREA MANTUA

o LARGE ARCH WITH CORINTHIAN PILASTERS
o COFFERED BARREL VAULT
o DOME DESIGNED BY FILIPPO JUVARRA
o INTERIOR DESIGN BY PAOLO POZZO
 STROZZI PALACE
o HAS MULLIONED PAIRED WINDOWS (BIFORE)
o INSPIRED BY THE PALAZZO MEDICI

 TEMPIO MALASTESTIANO
o WIDE MARBLE FAÇADE, DECORATED BY SCULPTURES PROBABLY MADE BY AGOSTINO DI
DUCCIO AND MATTEO DE' PASTI
o A FRESCO BY PIERO DELLA FRANCESCA PORTRAYING MALATESTA KNEELING BEFORE THE
SAINT
ANDREA PALLADIO

 COMBINATION OF CLASSICAL ART AND HUMANIST IDEALS

 PALLADIAN STYLE

 VILLA POJANA
o DESIGN WAS INSPIRED BY ANCIENT ROMAN BATHS

 VILLA CORNARO
o THE INTERIOR HAS 18TH-CENTURY FRESCOS BY MATTIA BORTOLONI
o STUCCOS BY CAMILLO MARIANI.

 VILLA CAPRA (LA ROTONDA)

o THE NAME LA ROTONDA REFERS TO THE CENTRAL CIRCULAR HALL WITH ITS DOME.
o ROTUNDA IS TECHNICALLY INCORRECT, AS THE BUILDING IS NOT CIRCULAR BUT RATHER THE
INTERSECTION OF A SQUARE WITH A CROSS.
o ALL PRINCIPAL ROOMS WERE ON THE SECOND FLOOR OR PIANO NOBILE (NOBLE FLOOR)
o DOMED CEILING SOARS THE FULL HEIGHT OF THE MAIN HOUSE UP TO THE CUPOLA, WITH
WALLS DECORATED IN TROMPE-L'ŒIL.(OPTICAL ILLUSION PAINT)
 SAN GIORGIO MAGGIORE
o FIRST EVER CHURCH DEISGNED BY PALLADIO

 BASILICA PALLADIANA
o CLOCKTOWER (TORRE BISSARA)
o TRIPARTITE WINDOW CALLED SERLIANA – KEY ELEMENT OF PALLADIAN STYLE

 TEATRO OLIMPICO
o THE TROMPE-L'ŒIL ONSTAGE SCENERY, DESIGNED BY VINCENZO SCAMOZZI, TO GIVE THE
APPEARANCE OF LONG STREETS RECEDING TO A DISTANT HORIZON
MICHEALANGELO

 LAURENTIAN LIBRARY
o THE VESTIBULE, ALSO KNOWN AS THE RICETTO
o BECAUSE THE READING ROOM WAS BUILT UPON AN EXISTING STORY, MICHELANGELO HAD
TO REDUCE THE WEIGHT OF THE READING-ROOM WALLS. THE SYSTEM OF FRAMES AND
LAYERS IN THE WALL ARTICULATION REDUCED THE VOLUME AND WEIGHT OF THE BAYS
BETWEEN THE PILASTERS.

FRENCH RENAISSANCE

 CHATEAU DE BLOIS
o BUILT BY KING FRANCIS I

 CHATEAU DE CHAMBORD
o RECTANGULAR COURT WITH WALLS
o ROUND TOWERS
o SYMMETRICAL ORGANIZATION
o DOUBLE SPIRAL STAIRCASE
 CHATEAU DE FONTAINEBLEAU
o FAMOUS MANNERSIM FOR FRENCH RENAISSANCE

 CHATEAU DE ANET
o Architect: Philibert de l'Orme

 CHATEAU DE ECOUEN
o Architect: Jean Bullant

 LOUVRE PALACE HOTEL D’ ASSEZAT

o Architect: NICOLA BACHELIER
SPANISH RENAISSANCE

 PALACE OF EL ESCORIAL
o Architect: JUAN DE HERRERA

 GRANADA CATHEDRAL
o ONE OF THE GRANDEST IN SOUTHERN SPAIN
o ARCHITECT: DIE DE SILI

ENGLISH RENAISSANCE

 ST. PAUL’S CATHEDRAL

o ARCHITECT: SIR CHRISTOPHER WREN
o HIDDEN FLYING BUTTRESSES
 LONGLEAT HOUSE
o ARCHITECT: JOHN THYNNE

 WOLLATON HALL
o ARCHITECT: ROBERT SMYTHSON

 ARCHITECT: INIGO JONES

o ONES WAS THE FIRST PERSON TO INTRODUCE THE CLASSICAL ARCHITECTURE OF ROME AND
THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE TO BRITAIN
RUSSIAN RENAISSANCE – emerged in Moscow in Ivan iii and sent Italian architects to
reconstruct the kremlin

 ST. PETERSBURG, LENINGARD

o ARCHITECT: BARTOLOMEO RASTRELLI

 ST. BASIL CATHEDRAL

o Architects: Postnik Yakovlev, Ivan Barma
o BUILT BY: IVAN THE TERRIBLE