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Chapter 5.0 - Data Processing

The document discusses processing and analyzing data collected in research. [1] It defines data processing as activities like editing, coding, classification, and tabulation of raw data collected. [2] Data analysis is described as both qualitative, involving coding and narratives, and quantitative, using statistical techniques. [3] Quantitative analysis can be descriptive, summarizing data, or inferential, using the data to draw conclusions.

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54 views

Chapter 5.0 - Data Processing

The document discusses processing and analyzing data collected in research. [1] It defines data processing as activities like editing, coding, classification, and tabulation of raw data collected. [2] Data analysis is described as both qualitative, involving coding and narratives, and quantitative, using statistical techniques. [3] Quantitative analysis can be descriptive, summarizing data, or inferential, using the data to draw conclusions.

Uploaded by

Stivanos Habtamu
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Department of Architect

Environmental Architecture MSc. Regular


Program

Research Methodology

Lecture Note 05 (ARCH-7105)


CHAPTER 5

5. Processing and Analysis


of Data
Outline
5.0. Data processing (Editing,
Coding, Classification, Tabulation)
5.1. Data Analysis
5.0. Data processing

Difference between Data and Information


 Any raw facts or figures is known as data.
 When the data is processed by doing statistical analysis
and some conclusion can be drawn from it, it is known as
information.
 Processing and analysing data:- at this stage of the
research the collected data are summarized to answer the
research questions (objectives).
Processing of Data

 Technically speaking,
processing implies :
 Questionnaire
checking
 Editing,
 Coding
 Classification
 Tabulation of
collected data from
the field
Processing (Cont’d)

Questionnaire checking-involves a check of all


questionnaires for completeness and interviewing
quality.
Editing- the process of examining, checking &
correcting the collected raw data to detect errors and
omissions.
Processing (Cont’d)

 Coding:- involves assigning numbers or other symbols to answers so


that the responses can be grouped into limited number of classes or
categories.
 The code includes an indication of the column and data record it will
occupy.
 Eg. Sex of respondents may be coded as 1 for males and 2 for
females.
Processing (Cont’d)

Classification:- a process of arranging data in groups or classes on


the basis of common characteristics & nature of phenomenon.
This include:
a) Classification according to attributes: here data is
analyzed on the basis of common characteristics which
can either be: descriptive such as literacy, sex, religion
etc. or: numerical such as weight, height, income etc.
b) Classification according to class/intervals:- is done
with data relating to income, age, weight, tariff,
production, occupancy etc.

E.g. Income Range Frequency %


Eth. Birr1001-2000 10 50
Eth. Birr 2001-3000 8 40
Processing (Cont’d)

Tabulation
 It is the process of summarizing raw data and displaying
the same in compact form for further analysis in the form of
columns and rows.
 Tabulation may also be classified as simple and complex
tabulation.
 Simple tabulation generally results in one-way tables
which supply answers to questions about one characteristic
of data only.
 Complex tabulation usually results on two-way tables
(which give information about two inter-related
characteristics of data), three –way tables or still higher
order tables, also known as manifold tables.
Processing (Cont’d)

Sorting and counting


Processing (Cont’d)

Simple or one-way tabulation

Example Table 1: Study of number of children in a family


Processing (Cont’d)

Cross Tabulation:

Table 2: Use of Health Drink


5.1. Data Analysis

What is Data analysis?

The way information and results are interpreted and


assessed.
The process of assigning meaning to figures, stories,
observations, etc that have been gathered and
recorded.
 Data analysis technique include
 Qualitative or
 Quantitative data analysis.
5.1.1 Qualitative Data Analysis

It involves extensive narrative data in order to gain


insights into phenomena.
Describes information that is typically non-numerical.
Qualitative research do not produce discrete
numerical data.
Data analysis includes the coding of the data and
production of verbal synthesis (inductive process).
5.1.2. Quantitative Data Analysis

 It involves working with numerical variables — including


statistics, percentages, calculations, measurements, and
other data — as the nature of quantitative data is numerical.
 Data analysis is mainly statistical (deductive process).
 Data can be analyzed either manually or with the help of a
computer.
 Manual Data Analysis: Used for simple calculation.
calculating frequencies and for simple cross tabulations.
 Data Analysis Using a Computer: The most common
software are SPSS and other so many softer wares used for
analyzing and generating data.
Types of quantitative data analysais technique

 Quantitative data analysis may, therefore, be


categorized as
i. Descriptive analysis and
ii. Inferential analysis
Thank you!!!

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