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Number - System Part1

The document discusses different number systems including positional and non-positional systems. It describes the decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal number systems. For each system it provides the characteristics such as the base, value of each digit position, and an example of converting a number in that system to decimal. The key details covered are the bases (10, 2, 8, 16) and how the position of each digit determines its value based on the base in positional number systems.

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72 views20 pages

Number - System Part1

The document discusses different number systems including positional and non-positional systems. It describes the decimal, binary, octal, and hexadecimal number systems. For each system it provides the characteristics such as the base, value of each digit position, and an example of converting a number in that system to decimal. The key details covered are the bases (10, 2, 8, 16) and how the position of each digit determines its value based on the base in positional number systems.

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corona gate out
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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com/

Programming In c
Introduction to number System
Part 1
Number System Intro
 Non-positional number system
 Positional number system

 Decimal number system

 Binary number system

 Octal number system

 Hexadecimal number system

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Two types of number systems are:

   Non-positional number systems

 Positional number systems

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Non-positional Number Systems
 Characteristics
◦ Use symbols such as I for 1, II for 2, III for 3, IIII for 4,
IIIII for 5, etc
◦ Each symbol represents the same value regardless of
its position in the number
◦ The symbols are simply added to find out the value of
a particular number
 Difficulty
◦ It is difficult to perform arithmetic with such a number
system
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Positional Number Systems
 Characteristics

◦ Use only a few symbols called digits


 
◦ These symbols represent different values depending
on the position they occupy in the number
Positional Number Systems
 The value of each digit is determined by:
 The digit itself
 The position of the digit in the number
 The base of the number system
 
(base = total number of digits in the number
system)
 The maximum value of a single digit is always equal to
one less than the value of the base
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Decimal number system
 Characteristics
 A positional number system
 Has 10 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8,9).
Hence, its base = 10
 The maximum value of a single digit is 9 (one less
than the value of the base)
 Each position of a digit represents a specific
power of the base (10)
 We use this number system in our day-to-day
life
Decimal number system
258610 =
(2 x 103) + (5 x 102) + (8 x 101) + (6 x
100)
= 2000 + 500 + 80 + 6
Binary number system
 Characteristics
 A positional number system
 Has only 2 symbols or digits (0 and 1). Hence its base = 2
 The maximum value of a single digit is 1 (one less than the value of the
base)
 Each position of a digit represents a specific power of the base (2)
 This number system is used in computers
 
Binary number system
Example
101012 = (1 x 24) + (0 x 23) + (1 x 22) + (0 x
21) x (1 x 20)
= 16 + 0 + 4 + 0 + 1
= 2110
 
Representing Numbers in Different Number
Systems
In order to be specific about which number

system we are referring to, it is a common

practice to indicate the base as a subscript.

Thus, we write:

101012 = 2110
Bit
 Bit stands for binary digit

 A bit in computer terminology means either a 0 or


a1
 
 A binary number consisting of n bits is called an n-
bit number
Octal Number System
 Characteristics
 A positional number system
 Has total 8 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7). Hence, its
base = 8
 The maximum value of a single digit is 7 (one less than the
value of the base
 Each position of a digit represents a specific power of the
base (8)
Octal Number System
Since there are only 8 digits, 3 bits (23= 8) are
sufficient to represent any octal number in binary

Example
 
(2057)8 = (2 x 83) + (0 x 82) + (5 x 81) + (7 x 80)
= 1024 + 0 + 40 + 7
= (1071)10
Hexadecimal Number System
Characteristics
 A positional number system
 Has total 16 symbols or digits (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, A, B, C,
D, E, F). Hence its base = 16
 The symbols A, B, C, D, E and F represent the decimal values
10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15 respectively
 The maximum value of a single digit is 15 (one less than the
value of the base)
Hexadecimal Number System
 Each position of a digit represents a specific power

of the base (16)

 Since there are only 16 digits, 4 bits (24 = 16) are

sufficient to represent any hexadecimal number in

binary
Hexadecimal Number System
Example
 

1AF 16

=(1 x 162) + (A x 161) + (F x 160)


 
=1 x 256 + 10 x 16 + 15 x 1
 
=256 + 160 + 15
 
=(431) 10
Converting a Number of Another Base
to a Decimal Number
Method
Step 1: Determine the column (positional)
value of each digit
Step 2: Multiply the obtained column
values by the digits in the corresponding columns
Step 3: Calculate the sum of these
products
Converting a Number of Another Base
to a Decimal Number
 Example

(4706)8 = (?)10
(4706)8

= 4 x 83 + 7 x 82 + 0 x 81 + 6 x 80

= 4 x 512 + 7 x 64 + 0 + 6 x 1

= 2048 + 448 + 0 + 6

= (2502)10
 By By…

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