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Types of Gear Boxes

The document discusses gear boxes, which are used to transfer energy from the point of generation to where work is done. Gear boxes can increase or decrease speed. Most gear boxes decrease speed, as output shafts require more torque than input shafts. The main types of gear boxes are spur/helical, bevel, worm, and planetary gear boxes. Planetary gear boxes can provide high speed reductions in a compact design, but require more complex manufacturing. Spur/helical gear boxes are commonly used for parallel axis transmission applications like hoists and rolling mills.

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321 views10 pages

Types of Gear Boxes

The document discusses gear boxes, which are used to transfer energy from the point of generation to where work is done. Gear boxes can increase or decrease speed. Most gear boxes decrease speed, as output shafts require more torque than input shafts. The main types of gear boxes are spur/helical, bevel, worm, and planetary gear boxes. Planetary gear boxes can provide high speed reductions in a compact design, but require more complex manufacturing. Spur/helical gear boxes are commonly used for parallel axis transmission applications like hoists and rolling mills.

Uploaded by

Murugesan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Gear box

Basics:
 Gear box is used to transfer the energy from its place of
generation or storage to a location where it does work.
 The gear box can be step up(Increase in speed) or step down
(Reduction in speed) drive.
 Most of the gear boxes(95%) are designed for Reduction in
speed, as at output shaft the torque is more than input shaft.
They are called reduction gear boxes.
 Transmission/velocity ratio: Speed of driving gear/ Speed of
driven gear.
 Overall velocity ratio of gear box: Input speed/out put speed.

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Pro’s and con’s of Gear box

•Advantages: •Dis Advantages:


•High reduction ratio. •Generate More noise and vibration.
•No slip •Need suitable lubricant and proper
•High power transmission efficiency (98 method of application to remove heat
to 99%). generated.
•Constant velocity ratio. • Assembly is complicated.
•Transmit large amount of power (of the •Manufacturing cost is more
order of 50,000 kW).
•Compact and easy to install.
•Highly reliable

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Generally Four types:

1. Spur/Helical gearbox.

2. Bevel gear box.

3. Worm gear box.

4. Planetary gear box

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Helical/Spur Gear box

 Parallel axis Transmission.


 Low to medium reduction.
 High reduction- more stages,
Efficiency reduces. Size
increases.
 Efficiency =98%per stage.
 Efficiency of 3stage
=0.98*0.98*0.98=0.94.
 Application: Hoists, Rolling mills,
Machine tools.
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Bevel Gear box-
 Intersecting axis Transmission.

 Medium reduction (5:1).

 Can’t have Multiple reduction as shaft


orientation changes.

 High reduction- To be combined with


Spur/Helical gears.

 Spiral bevel gear manufacturing is costly.

 Application: Automobile Differential.

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Worm gear box-
 Non Intersecting axis Transmission.
 High reduction.100:1(Single reduction)
 Low noise.
 Can be made Non reversible .
 Low efficiency.
 More heat.
 Good lubrication required.
 Application: Lifts, hoists, rock crushers,
chip conveyors.
 Most used for vertical movement to avoid
reverse drive.
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Resemblance to the solar system.
Components: Sun gear, Ring
gear,Planetary gears and carrier/Arm
Sun gear: Central gear fixed in the
centre.
Ring gear (annulus ring): Outer ring
with Internal teeth
Planetary gears: Rotate around the
sun gears and mesh with both the
sun and ring gear
Carrier: Holds /carries Planetary
gears

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Laws of simple planetary Gear box
Sun gear Carrier Ring speed Torque Direction
Gear
Input Out put Held Max. reduction Increase Same as input
Held Out put Input Min. reduction Increase Same as input
Held
Output Input Max. Increase Reduction Same as input
Out put Reduction
Held Input Min. Increase Same as input
Out put Increase Reverse of
Input Held Reduction input
Input Reduction Reverse of
Output Held Increase input

A. Any two members are tied/rotated together,The speed and direction are
same as input i.e 1:1 drive.

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Advantages:
Parallel and inline Transmission.
High reduction.
Compact, occupies less space and light weight.
Noise and vibration is less.
Efficiency is more.
Torque to size ratio is low.
Disadvantages:
Complex Design
Need precision manufacture.
High bearing loads.
Teeth ratios are specific and assemble is according to them.
Application:
Automotive, Material handling, Conveyor and solar mirror reflectors

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General characteristics of gear Boxes
Categories of Types of Efficien Velocity Velocity
Cost/Complication
Gears gears cy ratio (m/sec)
Simple. Need more
Parallel Axes Spur/Helical 6:1 to
90-95 25 gears for high
Gears Gears 1:2
reduction
Intersecting Axes 6:1 to Simple. Spiral bevel
Bevel Gears 90-95 6-20
Gears 1:1 gears are costly
Nonparallel and Simple. Less efficient.
100:1
Nonintersecting Worm Gear 30-90 20-30 Need Good
to 20:1
Axes gears lubrication
Planetary
Inline Axis gears 70-95 100:1@ 20 Complex and costly

@ can go upto 5000 using differential planetary gears.


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