Step 1: 

Open installation media in new window and right click on setup file to run it
“As Administrator”.

Step 2: Installation Center

After running the setup file, you’ll be redirected to Installation Media Center where
you find various options. As we’re working on the installation, we won’t dig other
parts. Click on Installation section and you’ll find something like the following
window.
From here, you can perform stand-alone installation of SQL Server or you can add
any additional features to installed instances of SQL Server. Also if you want to
upgrade you version of SQL Server, there’s an option for that as well.

As we want to perform stand-alone installation, we’ll go with option 1. Click on the

first link and the installation process begin.

Step 3: Setup Support Rules

Before proceeding with the installation steps, SQL Server setup runs a setup to
check all the things required for installation. This check is nothing but a kind of
verification to ensure you can proceed further or not.
If any of the check fails, you’ll get a failed notification in status column and you
won’t be able to proceed further with the installation. If all requirements fulfill,
you’ll get passed in Status column. Click OK.

Step 4: Product Key

Select edition of SQL Server you want to install on your machine with your product
key and click Next.
Step 5: License Term

Accept the license by clicking on “I accept license terms.” Click Next.

Step 6: Product Updates

Here, setup will look for latest product updates to enhance SQL Server performance
as my setup found one update of 22 MB for enhancement as shown below.
Step 7: Install Setup Files

At this window, you’ll get Install button to install the updates.

Step 8: Setup Support Rules

After successful completion of previous step, setup will again run a check to ensure
everything looks good for the installation.
Step 9: Setup Role

At this step, you’ll find options like install SQL Server instance or install instance of
Analysis Service with SharePoint integration. By default it’ll select ‘SQL Server
Feature Installation’.
If you select “All Features with Default”, the following things will be set by default:

 On the Feature Selection page, all features will be selected by default.

 On Server Configuration page, default accounts will be set.
 On Database Engine Configuration page, your current logon account will
be added as a Server Administrator.

Step 10: Components or Features to Install

Select the components you want to install on your machine. The following is the
description for above listed components.

 Database Engine Services: Allow you to install SQL Server instance.

 Analysis Services: Allow you to install an Analysis Services instance on
standalone or on cluster node.
 Reporting Services: Allow you to install the server as report server.
 SQL Server Data Tool: Allow you to install SQL Server Developer tool to work
with integration packages. In SQL Server 2008 installation you’ll find this
service named as ‘Business Intelligence Development Studio’.
 Integration Services: Allow you to install Integration Services.
 Management Tool: Allow you to install SQL Server management
configuration tool including command line and power shell tool.

If you selected “All Features with Default” in previous step, all these components
will be checked automatically.
Step 11: Installation Rules

After selecting the features to install, setup again runs a check to ensure whether
your machine’s configuration is compatible or not to proceed further.

If all looks good, click Next.

Step 12: Instance Configuration

This step will ask, what type of instance you want to configure, as we all know,
either we can install Default or Named instance. If default instance is already
installed, you’ll have to have proceeded with named instance.
Select type of instance you want to install. If you want to change the root directory
of your instance, you can change it from ‘Instance root directory’ option. It’ll also
show you the instance already installed on your machine. As shown in above
screenshot, I already installed 2 instances on my machine.

After doing instance configuration, click Next.

Step 13: Disk Space requirement summary

At this step, you’ll get disk space summary which will show how much disk space
your instance will take on the machine.
Step 14: Server Configuration

On this step you’ll find options to specify Service Accounts and Collation
Configuration.
Under Service Account tab, you’ll find option to set account name and password
for any of the services; also you can choose start-up type of those services. You can
set startup type as Manual or Automatic. It’s recommended to set Start-up type of
SQL Services to Automatic.

Next, you’ll find Collation tab where you can set collation level for SQL Server and
Analysis Services. The collation type you select here will be set as default collation
for your instance.
After performing above steps, click Next.

Step 15: Database Engine Configuration

This is the most important step because over here you’ll configure your servers
configuration, data directories and file stream options.

At Server Configuration tab, you’ll find authentication mode and SQL Server

System Administrator [SA] account configuration.
If you see Data Directories tab, you’ll find your root directory, and location of below:

 Data root directory.

 User database directory,
 System database directory,
 User database log directory,
 Temp data and log directories, and
 Backup location

You can change these locations of your own choice.

On FileStream tab, you’ll find option to enable FileStream feature.
After completing the steps, click Next.

Step 16: Analysis Services Configuration

If you had chosen Analysis Services to be installed on your machine, you’ll find this
option during installation process.

Complete this step by choosing server mode and adding Analysis Services

Administrator.
Specify your Analysis Services data directories as shown below.
Click Next,

Step 17: Distributed Replay Controller

If you had selected all shared features to install, you’ll get this and next step to
complete.
At this step, you’ll find Distributed Replay Controller. This feature helps you assess
the impact of future SQL Server upgrades.

This is similar to SQL Server Profile, Distributed Replay Controller replay a captured
trace against an upgraded test environment. This feature can use multiple
computers to replay trace data and simulate a mission-critical workload.

Add users to have unlimited access to the Distributed Replay client service and click
next.

Step 18: Distributed Replay Client

This is one of the component of Distributed Replay Controller under which one or
more computers (physical or virtual) running the Windows service named SQL
Server Distributed Replay client. The Distributed Replay client works together to
simulate workloads against an instance of SQL Server.
Enter Controller Name so that the client computer will communicate with for the
Distributed Replay Client Service. This is the optional parameter and the default
value is ‘BLANK’.

Specify the working directory for the Distributed Replay client service.

Specify the result directory for the Distributed Replay client service.

Click Next.

Step 19: Error Reporting to Microsoft.

Click Next.

Step 20: Installation Configuration Rule

At this step, setup will perform a final check to ensure everything looks good for
installation operation.
If all rule passes, click Next.

Step 21: Installation Summary

Here you’ll get summary of your installation as shown below.

If you’re satisfied with everything, click on Install button and you’re set to go.

Step 22: Ready Steady Go!

Installation process will start and you’ll see the progress as in the following,
This will take some time, relax and just watch the progress.

Step 23: Installation completed

After successful installation you’ll get the following window. This will show you the
components installed on your machine with ‘Succeeded’ message in Status column.
Also you’ll get location of the log file of the complete installation.

Step 24: Verification

Open SSMS and connect your instance and you’re ready to explore.