SAND FILTER MACHINE

MUHAMMAD NAZRUL NAIM BIN MOHD FAUZI 08DPB17F1166

MUHAMMAD RIDWAN BIN MOHAMAD JOHARI 08DPB17F1242

MOHAMAD HAZIQ FIKRY BIN HAZLAN 08DPB17F1221

MUHAMMAD ALIF HAIKAL BIN SAHARIN 08DPB17F1124

CIVIL ENGINEERING DEPARTMENT

POLITEKNIK SULTAN SALAHUDDIN ABDUL AZIZ SHAH

JUNE 2019
 SAND FILTER MACHINE

MUHAMMAD NAZRUL NAIM BIN MOHD FAUZI 08DPB17F1166

MUHAMMAD RIDWAN BIN MOHAMAD JOHARI 08DPB17F1242

MOHAMAD HAZIQ FIKRY BIN HAZLAN 08DPB17F1221

MUHAMMAD ALIF HAIKAL BIN SAHARIN 08DPB17F1124

This Report Submitted in Partial Full of Requirement for

The Diploma of Building Services in the Department of Civil Engineering

Polytechnic Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah

i
 RELATIONSHIP AND RIGHTS RESERVED

TITLE : SAND FILTER MACHINE

SESSION : JUNE 2019
1. We, 1. MUHAMMAD NAZRUL NAIM BIN MOHD FAUZI
2. MUHAMMAD RIDWAN BIN MOHAMAD JOHARI
3. MOHAMAD HAZIQ FIKRY BIN HAZLAN
4. MUHAMMAD ALIF HAIKAL BIN SAHARIN

is a final year student of Diploma in Building Services Engineering,

Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Persiaran
Usahawan U1, 40150 Shah Alam, Selangor.
2. We acknowledge that PERFECTIVE ANGLE PAINT and its intellectual property are the
originals of our original works of art without taking or imitating any intellectual
property from others.
3. We agree to transfer the PERFECTIVE ANGLE PAINT intellectual property to
Polytechnic Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah to fulfill the requirement for us to be
awarded a Diploma in Building Services Engineering.

Made and truly recognized

By that:
a) MUHAMMAD NAZRUL
NAIM BIN MOHD FAUZI …………………………
(Ic no: 991023-11-5637) (MUHAMMAD NAZRUL NAIM BIN MOHD FAUZI)
b) MUHAMMAD RIDWAN
BIN MOHAMAD JOHARI …………………………
(No ic: 990922-14-6379) (MUHAMMAD RIDWAN BIN MOHAMAD JOHARI)
c) MOHAMAD HAZIQ
FIKRY BIN HAZLAN …………………………
(No ic: 990423-06-5267) (MOHAMAD HAZIQ FIKRY BIN HAZLAN)
d) MUHAMMAD ALIF HAIKAL
BIN SAHARIN …………………………
(No ic: 990812-06-6175) (MUHAMMAD ALIF HAIKAL BIN SAHARIN)

In front of me NORMALINI BINTI MANSOR ………………………

( ) (NORMALINI BINTI MANSOR)
as a project supervisor on a date
 APPRECIATION

Praise to the Almighty because of Him pleasures we able to complete enough this
project of Sand Filter Machine of final year project for building services and success of this
report.

In this opportunity, we are highly indebted to our supervisor, Madam Normalini

Binti Mansor for her guidance and supervision on us as well as for providing necessary
information regarding the project and give encouragement also support us in completing
this project.

We would like to express the appreciation for our group member that are always
being support each other and give the cooperation for completing this project. Also, to all
juries that have made valuable comment suggestions for this proposal which gave us an
inspiration to improve our assignment. We thank all the people for their help directly and
indirectly to complete our assignment.

iii
 SAND FILTER MACHINE

Muhammad Nazrul Naim Bin Mohd Fauzi, Muhammad Ridwan Bin Mohamad Johari,
Mohamad Haziq Fikry Bin Hazlan, Muhammad Alif Haikal Bin Saharin

Civil Engineering Department, Polytechnic Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Selangor,
Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected]

Supervisor: Puan Normalini Binti Mansor

Abstract

In recent years, the use of sand filter machine has gradually increased. But, most of them
are quite large and difficult to be move. Besides that, the price to own it is quite expensive.
With that, there are a large number of construction workers who have to exert their energy
to making sand filters by themselves in the traditional way. However, there are some
problems that come with using the traditional sand filter. Among these are, the construction
workers have to exert their energy to build the sand filter. In addition, refined sand will mix
with foreign matter when refined sand falls to the ground. Therefore, we have created a
product that can facilitate the construction work of the construction site. Our main goal of
creating sand filter machines is to reduce the workload of construction workers when they
want to filter or use sand filters. It runs using an electric motor that will shake the filter. We
just need to put the sand on the filter and the sand will be filtered with the shake that is
produced. The sand filter machine is equipped with a funnel as a way for fine sand to fall. All
we have to do is put the wheelbarrow next to the sand filter and the sand will drop into the
wheelbarrow. It is different with the traditional sand filter where the refined sand falls, we
have to put it in the wheelbarrow. It will use more of construction workers energy. Most
important is that the filter machine is easy to move around in construction as it is equipped
with two suitable wheels. It will make it easier for construction workers to filter sand in one
place or another place.

iv
 MESIN PENAPIS PASIR

Muhammad Nazrul Naim Bin Mohd Fauzi, Muhammad Ridwan Bin Mohamad Johari,
Mohamad Haziq Fikry Bin Hazlan, Muhammad Alif Haikal Bin Saharin

Jabatan Kejuruteraan Awam, Politeknik Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Shah, Selangor,
Malaysia

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected],

[email protected]

Penyelia: Puan Normalini Binti Mansor

Abstrak

Dalam beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, penggunaan mesin penapis pasir telah
meningkat secara beransur-ansur. Tetapi, kebanyakan mesin penapis pasir tersebut
agak besar dan sukar bergerak. Selain itu, harga untuk memilikinya agak mahal.
Dengan itu, terdapat sejumlah besar pekerja binaan yang perlu mengerahkan tenaga
mereka untuk membuat penapis pasir sendiri dengan cara tradisional. Walau
bagaimanapun, terdapat beberapa masalah yang timbul dengan menggunakan
penapis pasir tradisional. Antaranya adalah, para pekerja perlu mengerahkan tenaga
mereka untuk membina penapis pasir. Di samping itu, pasir halus akan bercampur
dengan benda asing apabila pasir halus jatuh ke tanah. Oleh itu, kami telah mencipta
produk yang dapat memudahkan kerja buruh binaan di tapak pembinaan. Matlamat
utama kami untuk mencipta mesin penapis pasir adalah untuk mengurangkan beban
kerja pekerja pembinaan apabila mereka mahu menapis atau menggunakan penapis
pasir. Ia berjalan menggunakan motor elektrik yang akan mengoncangkan penapis.
Kita hanya perlu meletakkan pasir di atas penapis dan pasir akan ditapis dengan
goncangan yang dihasilkan. Mesin penapis pasir dilengkapi dengan corong sebagai
laluan untuk pasir halus jatuh. Apa yang perlu kita lakukan ialah letak kereta sorong di
sebelah penapis pasir dan pasir akan terus masuk ke dalam kereta sorong. Ia berbeza
dengan penapis pasir tradisional di mana pasir halus jatuh ke tanah dan kita perlu
memasukkannya ke dalam kereta sorong. Ia akan menggunakan lebih banyak tenaga
pekerja binaan. Yang paling penting ialah mesin penapis ini mudah untuk bergerak
dalam kawasan pembinaan kerana ia dilengkapi dengan dua roda yang sesuai. Ia akan
memudahkan pekerja binaan untuk menapis pasir di satu tempat ke tempat yang lain.

v
 TABLE OF CONTENT

ITEM PAGE
PROJECT TITLE i

RELATIONSHIP AND RIGHTS RESERVED ii

APRECIATION iii

ABSTRACT iv-v

TABLE OF CONTENT vi-ix

LIST OF TABLE x

LIST OF FIGURE xi-xii

CHAPTER 1 : INTRODUCTION

1.1 INTRODUCTION 1

1.2 BACKGROUND OF STUDY 2

1.3 PROBLEM STATEMENT 2

1.4 OBJECTIVE 3

1.5 SCOPE 4

CHAPTER 2 : LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 INTRODUCTION 5

vi
 2.2 HISTORY OF SAND FILTER MACHINE 6-7

2.3 SAND 8

2.4 COMPARISON OF PLATES 9-11

2.5 COMPARISON OF WHEEL 12-13

2.6 WHEELBARROW FRAME 14

2.7 ELECTRIC MOTOR 14

2.8 SAND FILTER NET 15

2.9 SUMMARY 15

CHAPTER 3 : METHODOLOGY

3.1 INTRODUCTION 16

3.2 FLOW CHART 16

3.3 DESIGN PROCESS 18-19

3.4 RESEARCH DESIGN

3.4.1 FIRST DESIGN 19

3.4.2 SECOND DESIGN 20

3.4.3 THIRD DESIGN 21

3.5 DATA COLLECTION METHOD 22

3.6 RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

vii
 3.6.1 SURVEY 23

3.6.2 OBSERVATION 24

3.6.3 INTERVIEW 24

3.7 DATA ANALYSIS 25

3.8 PROGRESSION WORK

3.8.1 DESIGN PROCESS 26

3.8.2 BUYING WHEELBARROW 26

3.8.3 CUTTING PROCESS BASED ON MEASUREMENT 27

3.8.4 WELDING PROCESS 28

3.8.5 PUTTING MOTOR SYSTEM 29

3.8.6 FINISHING

3.8.6.1 REMOVE RUST 30

3.8.6.2 COLOURING 31

3.8.6.3 INSTALL THE PART BACK 32

3.9 SUMMARY 32

CHAPTER 4 : RESULT

4.1 INTRODUCTION 33

4.2 RATE OF RESPONSE 33

4.3 DEMOGRAPHIC PROFILE OF RESPONDENTS 34-35

4.4 RESEARCH RESULT 36-39

viii
 4.5 SUMMARY 40

CHAPTER 5 : DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION

5.1 INTRODUCTION 41

5.2 DISCUSSION 42

5.3 SUGGESTION 43

5.4 CONCLUSION 44

APPENDIX 45
APPENDIX A COSTING MATERIAL 46-47
APPENDIX B PERMISSION LETTER 48
APPENDIX C DRAWING AND DESIGN 49
APPENDIX D GANTT CHART 50

REFERENCES 51

Ix
 LIST OF TABLE

TABLE PAGE

1. MATERIAL’S COST 46

2. GANTT CHART 50

X
 LIST OF FIGURE

FIGURE PAGE

1. TRADITIONAL SAND FILTER 7

2. SAND 8

3. STEEL PLATE 9

4. ALUMINIUM PLATE 10

5. STAINLESS STEEL PLATE 11

6. WHEELBARROW WHEEL 12

7. TROLLEY WHEEL 13

8. BICYCLE TYRE 13

9. WHEELBARROW FRAME 14

10. ELECTRIC MOTOR 14

11. SAND FILTER NET 15

12. FIRST DESIGN 19

13. SECOND DESIGN 20

14. THIRD DESIGN 21

15. RESEARCH AREA/ CONSTRUCTION SITE 24

16. LECTURE GIVE CRITICISM AND SUGGESTION 25

17. WHEELBARROW 26

18. CUTTING THE STEEL 27

19. WELDING PROCESS 28

xi
20. PUTTING MOTOR SYSTEM 29

21. REMOVE RUST 30

22. SPRAY/ COLOURING THE PRODUCT 31

23. INSTALLING THE PART BACK 32

24. GENDER OF RESPONDENTS 34

25. AGE OF RESPONDENTS 35

26. QUESTION 1 36

27. QUESTION 2 37

28. QUESTION 3 38

29. QUESTION 4 39

30. PERMISSION LETTER 48

31. DRAWING AND DESIGN 49

Xii
 CHAPTER 1

Introduction

1.1 Introduction

The project that we intend to implement for the final year project is a sand filter
machine. This idea came about when we saw the difficulties of contract workers who
needed to build sand filters on their own using the wood. It has wasted energy
consumption as well as time as it is necessary to build the filter before it can be used.
Additionally, the sand filters use a lot of energy as users need to take the sand and dump
the sand on the filter nets. After that, the filtered sand would have to be taken again
using a sand shovel to be placed in a stroller and taken to a site that needs to use the
fine sand. With that we think of an innovation to reduce the energy and time of
contractor workers by creating a sand filter machine that uses engine power to get the
good qualities of sand. By using an existing sand filter, contractor workers do not get the
good qualities of sand because the filter has only one layer of filter net. Furthermore,
filtered sand with existing sand filters will mix with foreign objects because the sand falls
on the ground there is nothing to lining the sand. With the machine we wanted to create
this, filtered sand could be inserted into the wheelbarrow. With that, sand will not mix
with foreign objects and it can also save energy.

The sand filters we want to create will help contractor worker to facilitate their work.
Manpower can be reduced when using this sand filter machine. We put two wheels on
this machine so that the machine is easy to move on the construction site. This filter
machine we put three different types of filter coating so that it can get good qualities of
sands. We use the vibrator engine to vibrate the filter part so that the sand can descend
quickly.

1
1.2 Background of Study

This study is deal with the generating a new idea to produce a sand filter machine with
new design. Producing sand filter machine for small building’s construction and
household because of some problem that occur. Plus to realize our goal in technological
advances based on modern principles. Explosive ideas based on statement of problems
that have been recorded from studies on quality of fine sand and workload used. Many
things and research support us to create this product as our main project. We create and
upgrade a product that can filter the quality sand without mixing it with foreign matter
and reducing the workload of filtering sand. It would be present 2 functions in 1 concept
as well.

1.3 Problem Statement

The reason for the idea of building this sand filter is that we have seen contractor
workers use their energies in abundance just to get fine sand. They need to build sand
filters that need to be made using the used wood to filter the sand. From there, they
waste their energy as well as their own time. Additionally, we realize that filtered sand
using the existing sand filter will mix with foreign matter because the filtered sand falls
directly onto the ground without any reason. We do not know that there are many
foreign objects in construction sites such as nails, iron, stone and so on. The existing
sand filters cannot be brought anywhere because there is no wheel. It makes it difficult
for workers to bring fine sand to areas requiring fine sand. This is because they need to
put the sand in the cart beforehand and then bring the sand to where it should be.

2
1.4 Objectives

• Get the good quality of sands

Our goal to build the sand filter machine is to get the good quality of sands. This sand
filter machine equipped by a funnel that where the fine sand will dropped into the
funnel. After that, the fine machine will dropped into the wheelbarrow that has placed
besides the sand filter machine. Contrasts with the traditional sand filter where the sand
will drop on the ground. So, the sand will mixed with the foreign things. But, using this
sand filter machine will avoid the fine sand from be mixed with foreign thing because
the fine sand will drop into the wheelbarrow.

 Reduce workload

Using the traditional way, the constructions workers need to build the sand filter first
before them able to use that to filter the sand. That will use lot of workload just to build
it. So we build this sand filter machine to reduce the constructions worker workload.
Besides, this sand filter machine uses the electric motor that will shake the net. Users
just need to put the sand on the net of sand filter machine.

 Easy to moving at construction area

This sand filter machine have equipped by two wheels that can make this sand filter
machine able to move easily at construction area. At construction site, the fine sand
might be required at different area. So the workers just need to bring this sand filter
machine at that place.

3
1.5 Scope

i. Accommodate 20 – 25 kg of sand - Can accommodate sand for 20 to 25 kg at a

time.
ii. Site construction – For purpose of this sand filter machine can be move in
construction site.
iii. Small building – Suitable to use it for small building like house, hut, mosque and
so on.

4
 CHAPTER 2

Literature Review

2.1 INTRODUCTION

Sand substance is one of the most important things in industrial world. Nowadays the
industry need the sand sub stand that are already been process known as sand product.
As we know the sand sub stand are mixtures with variety other component such as dirt
and metal.
Usually, people use their hands to sieve sand and absolutely it will take much time to do
it. But now, we get some ideas to modify this sieve sand machine by using the power of
vibration motor system. With the invention of this sieve sand machine, it can be
overcome and makes the construction contractor's work more convenient. It can also be
used in the manufacturing of mould industries especially for the sand casting process. By
using this sieve sand machine, we can save more time, energy and cost. Indirectly, it will
improve the manufacturing qualities. This machine is fixed with wheels, so it is easy to
move and to keep. Besides, it is easy to use even by the unskilled workers. Furthermore,
it is easy to operate and the spare parts can be obtained easily on the local market
Therefore, this machine is suitable to use in the "Industri Kecil dan Sederhana (IKS)" and
training institutes such as Polytechnic and MARA Training Institutes (IKM) for training
purposes
So to make the process more efficient new technology is needed to help increase the
productivity so the human power can be reduce and also can cut the cost of the process.

5
2.2 History Of Sand Filter Machine

From years sand has been the most important thing in human community. Most
sediment, including sand, are made up of the fragments that result when rock is broken
down by wind and rain (weathering). Generally, they start as larger fragments (gravel),
which are broken down as rivers carry them down stream; the finer the particle, the
further it has travelled. In other words, large bits of gravel are plentiful on the banks
close to the head of a river. As you travel downstream, gravel becomes finer into cobble,
pebble, granule, and eventually turning into sand, and finally flowing into the ocean,
where these sediments deposit. That is why, by carefully analysing the mineral content
and chemical composition of sand on riverbanks, beaches and ocean floors, we are able
to determine which formation, indeed what kind of rock, it originated from. Most
sediment, including sand, is made up of the fragments that result when rock is broken
down by wind and rain (weathering). Generally, they start as larger fragments (gravel),
which are broken down as rivers carry them down stream; the finer the particle, the
further it has travelled. In other words, large bits of gravel are plentiful on the banks
close to the head of a river. As you travel downstream, gravel becomes finer into cobble,
pebble, granule, and eventually turning into sand, and finally flowing into the ocean,
where these sediments deposit. That is why, by carefully analysing the mineral content
and chemical composition of sand on riverbanks, beaches and ocean floors, we are able
to determine which formation, indeed what kind of rock, it originated from. Most
sediments, once formed in the ocean, sub duct to the Earth’s interior (mantle) from
trench with a sub ducting tectonic plate. However, some pieces tear loose from the
whole, and accreted to the hanging wall continental plate, once again becoming part a
continent. Geological structures formed in this way are called accretionary bodies
(prisms). Accretionary bodies are characteristic to the subduction zone like Japan, which
make up a large part of the Japanese islands Formations and rocks form and break
down, form and break down, again and again. During that process minerals also break
down and alter, even transform into other minerals, again and again. However, some
stubborn minerals simply ride these cycles out, refusing mechanical breakdown or
chemical alteration at all. These minerals bear the marks of the processes of geological
6
 history. By carefully analysing them, geologists are able to infer the geological history of
the earth itself. Most sediments, once formed in the ocean, sub duct to the Earth’s
interior (mantle) from trench with a sub ducting tectonic plate. However, some pieces
tear loose from the whole, and accreted to the hanging wall continental plate, once
again becoming part a continent. Geological structures formed in this way are called
accretionary bodies (prisms). Accretionary bodies are characteristic to the subduction
zone like Japan, which make up a large part of the Japanese islands. Formations and
rocks form and break down, form and break down, again and again. During that process
minerals also break down and alter, even transform into other minerals, again and
again. However, some stubborn minerals simply ride these cycles out, refusing
mechanical breakdown or chemical alteration at all. These minerals bear the marks of
the processes of geological history. By carefully analysing them, geologists are able to
infer the geological history of the earth itself.

Figure 2.1 Traditional sand filter

The figure 1.1 above show the process has been use by people before us the ancestor way
to sieve the sand. And collect the sand they wanted. This process sieve the sand into it size
depending on the size of the net been used. This smooth sand or the product usually uses as
main material in construction to build building or house. Smooth sand is required to achieve
better quality product example in making sand casting or making any product based on
sand.

7
2.3 Sand

Sand is a quartz-based material. The sand is practiced sized between 4.75mm and 0.15mm
are common sand used to produce concrete and plaster. According to research, sand are
available from mines or rivers. The sand mining is sand which was excavated from the mine.
This sand is widely used and usually divided into two types, namely fine and rough sand.
Fine sand which contains little soil is usually used for mixing along with fine sand from rivers
and cement. The mix produces a mixture of plastic and easy to attach although its strength
is somewhat less. Coarse sand is suitable for use to combine concrete and make blocks and
cement bricks. According to research, river’s sand its quality is good and does not contain
excessive impurities. Concrete mixing using sand the river is harder to work. Therefore the
additives are named facilitators are sometimes used to improve workability. If the mixer is
not used, the mix need more cement to get that work pleasures same. Sand obtained from
seafront is not suitable for use. The beach sand contains salt that will cause a pelvic event
on the building's surface.

Figure 2.2 Sand

8
2.4 Comparison of Plates

2.4.1 Steel Plate

This steel plate is usually used for the construction of artificial materials because the
steel plate has no strength. Usually this steel plate is used as the connector material of
building structure building. Due to its strong steel properties making this kind of steel
plate hard to shape. And of course the selling price of this steel plate is quite good for
every single piece

Figure 2.3 Steel Plate

9
2.4.2 Aluminium Plate

Aluminium plates are lightweight and strong sheet plates or metal plates. Aluminium
plates have anti-corrosion properties, non-flammable and resistant to any kind of
weather. This type of plate itself is easily formed, so widely used in industry as in
advertising needs. There are two types of aluminium in it, aluminium cast which can
transmit electrical and aluminium forged tensile strength. Aluminium also produces
electric conductors that can deliver electricity well, so usually for aluminium plates that
are used as raw materials in advertising or advertising industries will be carried out
anodizing process is the process of making aluminium does not deliver electricity that is
then heated to resist heat or heat water.

Figure 2.4 Aluminium Plate

10
2.4.3 Stainless Steel Plate

Stainless Steel Plates is a type of plate this one is a stainless steel plate is a plate that is
often used in the automotive industry as a material of vehicle bodybuilders and is also
widely used as a material of household appliances. Many of the advantages of stainless
steel plate are one of them is having a high rust endurance. And many industrial
manufacturers do combinations or finishing increasing or producing better stainless
steel quality. So we will use this stainless steel for our project.

Figure 2.5 Stainless Steel Plate

11
2.5 Comparisons of Wheel

2.5.1 Wheelbarrow wheel

Figure 2.6 Wheelbarrow Wheel

We use wheelbarrow tires as wheels for this sand filter machine moving. We put as
much as two wheelbarrow tires to accommodate the load of the sand filter machine as
well as facilitate the movement of this machine to move even in a muddy area. In the
event of damage to the wheels or the wheel is leaked, it is easy to repair. Additionally,
wheelbarrows are very easy to find at any hardware shop.

12
 2.5.2 Trolley wheel

Figure 2.7 Trolley Wheel

The trolley wheels are too small and cannot afford to bear heavy loads. The wheels are
not able to go through uneven construction areas. The wheels are also durable and
easily to broke.

2.5.3 Bicycle tyre

Figure 2.8 Bicycle Tyre

This tyre is also capable of being used as a wheel on our sand filter machine. But there are
some factors that negate the suitability to apply as a wheel on our machine. Among the
factor is because the sizing of this tyre was too big. Besides that, the width of this tyre is not
suitable to use at construction areas. The rubber of this is very thin and easy to leak when
used at construction site. This is because at the construction site, there are many sharp
objects like nails, stones and so on. The rim also cannot accommodate overloaded loads.

13
2.6 Wheelbarrow frame

Figure 2.9 Wheelbarrow Frame

We use a wheelbarrow frame as the backbone of this sand filter machine. We changed
the wheelbarrow frame that has one wheel to two wheels. The sand filter and vibrator
motor are put on the wheelbarrow frame.

2.7 Electric motor

Figure 2.10 Electric Motor

This electric motor use to shake the filter at this sand filter machine. This motor speed is in
1500 rpm and 4 UF. There was an adjustable to adjust the speed.

14
2.8 Sand filter net

Figure 2.11 Sand Filter Net

This sand filter machine uses the sand filter net with suitable size. The size of the sand filter
net’s particle hole not too big and not too small. So the sand might able to go through over
the net.

2.9 Summary

In this chapter, we talk about the history of sand, sand, and materials we will use to make
our products. A careful study is made to identify the materials used to make our products
appropriate into the costs we estimate. The material that we identify is affordable with the
cost we spend.

15
 CHAPTER 3

Methodology

3.1 Introduction

This chapter will cover the detail explanation of methodology that is being used to
make this project complete and working well. Many finding from this field mainly generated
from research of other to improve this project.

Methodology is the process of preparing a project that you want to create. Design
method or methodology is one of the methods used in developing or designing a project.
The methodology used is to help create a creative and innovative project to achieve
production objectives in the final project. The design of this machine takes into account all
aspects and must also meet the needs of the user to make sand separation in a
construction. The design you have created is not that complicated. In addition, the design of
the "Modern Sand Filter" project tool is also easy to understand because it has its own basic
parts. The size and balance of this project have also been taken into account to facilitate the
learning session.

3.2 Flow Chart

The diagram shows the flowchart of the process for the success of this project. In addition,
there are also several steps to be taken as well should be followed in implementing this
project. The step is as shown in figure. From the charts of this flow, the activity record for
the success of this project can be done smoothly and consistently.

16
17
3.3 Design Process

The inventive process is part of the work which needs to be done to create a new project or
modifications to a project or better known as process improvements. Some of the necessary
steps done in the inventive process are:

i. Identifying problems.

ii. Creating ideas

iii. Design and selection of projects.

iv. Project planning

3.3.1 Project Selection

In the process of project selection, criteria and certain factors should be emphasized in
terms of selection of materials, costs, and security. The material used must match with the
product generated.

18
3.3.2 Project Planning

The process of forming the appropriate framework and manufacturing techniques as well
need careful planning and planning because of its structural to be made in line with the
product among which review the requirements appropriate equipment and materials,
material selection of the economy, and quality and user-friendly. To plan a project-making
process this requires a neat plan to be able to conform to what is required in addition to
saving costs so there is no available a faulty execution or purchase of excessive equipment
implementation of this project.

3.4 Research Design

3.4.1 First Design

Figure 3.1 First Design

This is the first design of our project. But after having a discussion with our supervisor, this
design is irrelevant to being created because it is difficult to filter for sand.

19
3.4.2 Second Design

Figure 3.2 Second Design

This is the second design for our project. There have been improvements made for this
second design. But once we reviewed it, we looked at it more thoroughly and all the
discussions had been made, we decided to create another design for our project.

20
3.4.3 Third Design

Figure 3.3 Third Design

The third design is our final design that we will choose. Based on our discussion with each
other and our supervisor, we make decision that we will take this design as our last design.

21
3.5 Data Collection Method

Collecting Data and information the level of data collection and information at one stage is
very important in producing a perfect report. The failure to obtain important information
that will further strengthen the desired outcomes will indicate the weakness of the project
being undertaken to obtain unsatisfactory results. Therefore, the process of collecting this
information or important data needs to be done continuously throughout the course of this
study to ensure that the latest information is obtained and re-use this final report.

In the early stages, we made research to choose the appropriate title and place of study to
be conducted. Once the title and place of research have been agreed upon, discussions to
identify the objective objectives and scope of the study are carried out. Additionally, issues
related to the problem of getting fine sand do the construction site.

In the next stage, initially activities were conducted on the search of data and gathering
relevant information in order to further strengthen our stand and identify real problems
that occurred. Collected data can be divided into two types, namely primary data and
secondary data. Primary data is about searching data from observations, interviews of
various parties, visits in construction areas and so on. While secondary data is data search
from reports, internet sources, books on sand filters.

We also have discussions with our supervisors for improvement and discussion on the
information obtained.

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3.6 Research Instrument

This research is based on qualitative and quantitative methods. There are some instruments
or instruments used to get the data are survey, observation and interview no structured.
The selected questionnaire test instrument is to get the data in this research while
interviews and observations are to reinforce the findings of the research.

3.6.1 Survey

We have created a questionnaire survey through the internet. We ask a few questions to
answer as data that we will use for our project. This questionnaire was conducted on the
respondents of the survey to obtain data and information from the public about the existing
sand filters as well as the filter machines we will create. The questionnaire instrument is
considered appropriate in preparing this project to obtain the perfect data. This
questionnaire was created to review the effectiveness of our idea to build a sand filter
equipped with a vibrator machine. Questionnaire also facilitates researchers to record data
and then analyses the data.

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3.6.2 Observation

In addition to the methods described above, we can also to obtain data through the
assessment and observation of the researcher in the research area. Some information on
how far the effectiveness of existing sand filters used by construction workers. Through
observation, we have identified the problems that exist in the process of obtaining fine sand
and feedback provided by the respondents throughout this process.

Figure 3.4 Research Area/ Construction Site

3.6.3 Interview

This research also got information by using interview method. The purpose of the interview
was to measure the reliability of the questionnaire. The items in the questionnaire related
to the construction workers’ perception of the method for obtaining fine sand are the basis
of interview questions. Interview questions are unstructured. An interview sample consists
of several construction workers (respondents). These interviews are aimed at gaining
insights on how to get fine sand from the existing sand filters they currently use. This
friendly interview touches on issues such as the problems that arise and the constraints of
the process of sand filtration. In addition, several proposals have been proposed by us as
well as by the respondents.

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3.7 Data Analysis

After successfully collecting as much data, we analyse the data we have acquired. Our
survey through the website has been done to get the data and views from the public. Some
questions have been answered for respondents. Among the questions we are concerned
about is the use of our sand filters in the future. Most of those who answered our survey
questions seemed to agree when our products were marketed for the future. In this regard,
we should improve the effectiveness of our products so that they can be used in the future.
After analysing the data, there are also some problems identified. Criticism and suggestions
are made and then presented to lecturers. When the presentation is completed, a review of
the data and suggestions and criticisms has been given to improve the weaknesses and
further strengthen our stance on our projects.

Figure 3.5 Lecture Give Criticism and Suggestions

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3.8 Progression Work

3.8.1 Design Process

The design of this product was sketched using Sketch Up the design is being realize. After
getting agreement from all team member and supervisor.

3.8.2 Buying wheelbarrow

Figure 3.6 Wheelbarrow

The first material that we have to find is wheelbarrow. We bought it at hardware shop in
TTDI Jaya. We bought the wheelbarrow because we want to take the wheelbarrow’s frame
and wheel. At the same time, we also bought another one wheelbarrow’s wheel.

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3.8.3 Cutting Process Base On Measurement

Figure 3.7 Cutting The Steel

In cutting process, we do cut the plate and steel according to the size and measurement
that has been determine. We use the disc grinder to cut the plate and steel.

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3.8.4 Welding Process

Figure 3.8 Welding Process

After we cut the steel and plate, we go to welding process to build the sand filter machine.
We combine the part by part according to our design and we welding it.

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3.8.5 Putting Motor System

Figure 3.9 Putting Motor System

We do the wiring work to make sure that the motor can works like what we want. After
that, we put the motor to the sand filter machine. The motor has equipped with a belt and
pulley.

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3.8.6 Finishing

3.8.6.1 Remove Rust

Figure 3.10 Remove Rust

To get the smooth surface of steel, sand paper were used to removing the rust at the steel.
It will make the product looks more beautiful and interested.

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3.8.6.2 Colouring

Figure 3.11 Sprays/ Colouring The Product

After we done of removing the rust, we let the sand filter machine get dry first before we
proceed to spray the sand filter machine. In a few minutes the sand filter machine have dry.
We start our task by colouring the product. We just use two colours in colouring the
product. The colour is red and black. We think that colours are suitable for this product and
look interested.

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3.8.6.3 Install Part Back

Figure 3.12 Installing The Part of Product

After done of colouring, we install the part by part of this sand filter machine back.

3.9 Summary

Overall for this chapter, we have collected data with various methods to complete our
project. The data and information collected must be correct and accurate so that the project
can run perfectly. For this chapter, we get a lot of data and suggestions from various parties.
With that, we can continue our progress for our projects. With the availability of data and
information as well as suggestions from various quarters, it can help our project to be
perfect.

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 CHAPTER 4

Result

4.1 Introduction

The product that has been produced must be able to give the benefits to the
customers or users where the product has its own quality and function. For example,
product design must be in term of design either in shape, colour, and design that can give
the attractive to the consumer or users.

To ensure the product that from sand filter machine as main material is good and
suitable for making a sand filter machine, the questionnaire was create to know the
opinions and views of the consumer of respondents that can give the contribution for
positive impact on the product that was produced.

4.2 Rate of response

We have make questionnaire that have distributed using google form. There were 43 people
that have response to our questionnaire to know the ability and how far our product can
use in construction field. Among our respondents, there were construction workers,
contractor, and household. They come in different gender that man and women.

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4.3 Demographic Profile of Respondents

Figure 4.1 Gender of Respondents

Figure 3.5 shows the numbers of respondents that have given their response to our
research that we do. There were 62.79% of respondents is come from men that is 27, while
37.21% of respondents come from women that is 16. The amount respondents of men are
higher than women. This is because most of construction workers and contractor is men.

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 Figure 4.2 Age of Respondents

Next, Figure 3.6 shows the result from research found that 2 respondents is aged 18 years
old that is as much 4.65%. Meanwhile, 5 respondents is aged 19 years old that is as much
11.63% and respondents that aged is 20 years old as much 29 persons that is 67.44%. And
the rest is aged from 21 years old and above that is 7 respondents from there represent to
16.20%.

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4.4 Research Result

4.4.1 Knowledge About Sand Filter Machine

Figure 4.3 Question 1

Based on the research, 69.77% of respondents answered Yes to the question shows that
they know about the sand filter machine that used for filtering the sand to get the good
quality of sand. Sand filter machine should be washed after using that for filtering the sand.
Most of respondents give the positive response to our question.

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 Figure 4.4 Question 2

Based on research, 41.86% from the respondents agree that sand filter machine can reduce
the construction workers workload. That is because, the sand filter machine will work to
filtered the sand using the shaker system. The electric motor will produce the shaker and
sand will be filtered by its own. Furthermore, the sand filter machines have a funnel as a
way for sand throughout and dropped into the wheelbarrow.

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 Figure 4.5 Question 3

Based on the research, a total of 35 respondents from 43 respondents with 81.40% agree
that using the electric motor as a shaker to the filter will make the sand filter machine to
operate with more efficiently. So we will approve to use the electric motor at our product as
much as it can help the sand filter machine to work with efficiently.

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 Figure 4.6 Question 4

Based on the research, total 26 respondents with 60.47% seems agree with if our sand filter
machine to replace the existing traditional sand filter in the future. Its mean like our product
will acceptable in market. Besides that, looks very agree with our product to be used in
future.

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4.5 Summary

As a overall, our product Sand Filter Machine is very suitable to be use in future as
replacement the manual way or traditional way that always been used until now.

Besides that, this product has achieved the objective that we wanted that is to get the good
quality of sand, reduce workload, and can be move in construction site.

Lastly, as the result from this research, we found that the percentage of respondent to our
product is very high. This shows that our product is acceptable from society and its
advantage as a product that with high innovation.

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 CHAPTER 5

Discussion and Conclusion

5.1 Introduction

This chapter explain about the project that has successfully completed in about 6
month equivalent to one semester. Besides that, there were some problems that we have
to face along our process to installation and testing for our product. Therefore, there have
some suggestions to improve our project in the future that will give benefits to the users. In
this chapter, the decision has been made based on the overall decision that we got from the
research and discussion in the previous chapter before this. Besides that, in this chapter
also, the related matters that are relate to the objective and also the suggestion from the
research that we have made. With that, the conclusion has been made to our research.

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5.2 Discussion

For our project, Sand Filter Machine, this product was tested by constructions worker.
When our product was tested, our product can produce a good result as well. Our products
are successfully to achieve the objectives that we have been set. Among them is, our
product can get the good quality of sand when we use it to filter the sand. The fine sand
that we got from using the traditional sand filter can mix with the foreign things because the
fine sand the have been filtered will drop on the ground. As we know those maybes there
were many foreign things on the ground like nails, stone, and others. Our sand filter
machine has a funnel that as the way for fine sand to drop into the wheelbarrow. Besides
that, our product also can reduce the workload of constructions worker. This is because, the
constructions worker don’t need to waste their energy just to build a traditional sand filter.
They can just keep their energy for any works that more important. Moreover, using the
traditional sand filter will use more energy or workload. This is because the constructions
worker need take the sand that have drops on the ground and put it into the wheelbarrow.
Next, traditional sand filter cannot or difficult to move. Traditional sand filter no have the
wheel. But, our sand filter machine, we put the wheel, so it can be move easily in
construction site.

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5.3 Suggestion

After us running this project, we found that our project can give benefits to the users
because this product can reduce the workload of constructions workers compared to
traditional sand filter. Besides that, finishing that we do to our product is more neat and
productive compared to traditional sand filter that just use the used wood to build the sand
filter.

To overcome the weaknesses of this project, several suggestions have been made:-

 Use the motor with the rpm in about 1300 rpm.

 Put the funnel to more leaning, so the sand can drop easily to the wheelbarrow.
 Use the filter net with more thickness.
 Use the wheelbarrow’s wheel with the same size that makes the sand filter machine
is more stable.

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5.4 Conclusion

Every project that is done have their own benefits and objectives. Same like our
project ‘Sand Filter Machine’. There were no troubles when we do this project and the
objective for this project finally can we achieve.

This project can filter the sands with the good quality of sand for the result with
using the electric motor helps with 4-5 UF and the speed in about 1300 rpm that is suitable
for this project. This project achieves the objective that is to get the good quality of sand
without mix with foreign things compared with using the traditional sand filter.

Besides that, this project is more attractive and the size is suitable for construction
surrounding. Furthermore, this project can be removing part by part, so it will more ease to
bring it to everywhere. These sand filter machines also easy to handle even the users have
no experience to use it.

Based on the result of research in creating and finishing this project, we found that the
project’s objective for this product have achieved with successfully. Besides that, it can give
benefits to many party especially constructions worker and contractor where it can help to
reduce the workload usage of constructions worker and got accepted from contractor for
this product to be commercialized in industry sector.

Lastly, we hope this project can be fully utilized, accepted and can be applied and
suitable with technological development nowadays. Besides that, we also hope that this
product will give the best result to the users and it can fulfil the requirement of all users.

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 APPENDIX

APPENDIX A COSTING PROJECT

APPENDIX B PERMISSION LETTER TO DO TESTING

APPENDIX C DRAWING AND DESIGN

APPENDIX D GANTT CHART

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APPENDIX A

1. COST PROJECT

No. Materials Quantity Price Per Unit Total (RM)

1. Wheelbarrow 1 RM80.00 RM80.00
2. Wheelbarrow wheel 1 RM28.00 RM28.00
3. Hollow steel 3 x 2m RM65.00 RM195.00
4. Stainless steel plate 1 (1m x 1m) RM70.00 RM70
5. Net 2 feet RM5.00/feet RM10.00
6. Electric motor 1 RM180.00 RM180.00
7. Belt 1 RM10.00 RM10.00
8. Pulley 1 RM28.00 RM28.00

9. Nut/Screw 30 RM0.50 RM15.00

10. Bearing 10 RM5.00 RM50.00
11. Sub 5 RM11.00 RM55.00
12. Spray 3 RM12.30 RM36.90
13. Sandpaper 3 RM1.00 RM3.00

TOTAL RM760.90

Table 1 Material’s Cost

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2. LIST OF COMPONENT

1. Wheelbarrow 6. Electric motor 11. Sub

2. Wheelbarrow wheel 7. Belt 12. Spray

3. Hollow steel 8. Pulley 13. Sandpaper

4. Stainless steel plate 9. Nut/Screw

5. Net 10. Bearing

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APPENDIX B

1. PERMISSION LETTER TO DO TESTING

Figure 6.1 Permission Letter

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APPENDIX C

1. DRAWING AND DESIGN

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APPENDIX D

1. GANTT CHART

Table 2 Gantt Chart

50
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