Solutions of Weekly Test

Date: 30th April 2023 Topic: Differentiation

1. Position of particle is x = 3 m at time t = 5 s and it changes to x = 9 m at time t = 8 s. What is the average rate
of change of position of particle with time?
(A) 6 m/s (B) 4 m/s (C) 2 m/s (D) 1 m/s
Solution:
Δ𝑥 𝑥𝑓 −𝑥𝑖 9𝑚−3𝑚
(𝑅𝑜𝐶)𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = = = 2 𝑚/𝑠
Δ𝑡 𝑡𝑓 −𝑡𝑖 8𝑠−5𝑠

2. The average rate of change of y w.r.t. x is:

(A) Measure of how fast is y changing when we change x
(B) Ratio of change in y to change in x
(C) Slope of secant to graph of y v/s x between two given points
(D) All of the above
Solution:
Theory based.

3. Consider some function which is given by 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + 5. What will be the average rate of change of f(x)
from x = 2 to x = 5?
(A) 7 (B) 3 (C) 8 (D) 2
Solution:
Δf(x) 𝑓(𝑥𝑓 )−𝑓(𝑥𝑖 ) 𝑓(5)−𝑓(2) 30−9
(𝑅𝑜𝐶)𝑎𝑣𝑔 = = = = =7
Δ𝑥 𝑥𝑓 −𝑥𝑖 5−2 3

4. Choose the correct options:

(A) (𝑅𝑜𝐶)𝑎𝑣𝑔 = lim (𝑅𝑜𝐶)𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑡
Δ𝑥→0
(B) Instantaneous rate of change is slope of tangent to the graph of the function.
𝑑𝑦 Δ𝑦
(C) 𝑑𝑥 = lim
Δ𝑦→0 Δ𝑥
(D) All of the above.
Solution:
Theory Based.

𝑑
5. Find the value of 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 5 ).
(A) 5x4 (B) 4x5 (C) 5x (D) None of the above
Solution:
Not required.

6. If 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 𝑥 then find the instantaneous rate of change of f(x) w.r.t. x.
(A) tan x (B) – tan x (C) cos x (D) – cos x
Solution:
Not required.
7. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 then find the slope of tangent to the graph of f(x) v/s x when x = 2.
(A) 2 (B) 6 (C) 4 (D) 12
Solution:
Slope of tangent = f’(2)
f’(x) = 3x2
Hence, f’(2) = 3 (2)2 = 12

1
8. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 3 then what will be the value of f’(x)?
3 3 3 3
(A) − 𝑥 2 (B) 𝑥 2 (C) − 𝑥 4 (D) 𝑥 4
Solution:
𝑑 1 𝑑 3
𝑑𝑥
(𝑥 3 ) = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 −3 ) = −3𝑥 −3−1 = −3𝑥 −4 = − 𝑥 4

9. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 + cos 𝑥, then what will be the derivative of f(x)?

(A) x/2 + sin x (B) 2x + sin x (C) x/2 – cos 2 (D) 2x – sin x
Solution:
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 2 + cos 𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 2 ) + 𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 2𝑥 − sin 𝑥
𝑑𝑥

10. Find derivative of function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin(4𝑥 + 3) w.r.t. x.

(A) 4 cos (4x + 3) (B) – 4 cos (4x + 3) (C) cos (4x + 3) (D) – cos (4x + 3)
Solution:
Use Chain Rule:
𝑑 𝑑
𝑑𝑥
sin(4𝑥 + 3) = cos(4𝑥 + 3) 𝑑𝑥 (4𝑥 + 3) = 4 cos(4𝑥 + 3)

11. What will be the derivative of function 𝑓(𝑥) = sin 2𝜋?

(A) cos 2π (B) 2 cos 2π (C) 2 cos 2π (D) 0
Solution:
Derivative of a constant is zero.

𝑒𝑥 𝑑𝑦
12. If 𝑦 = then what will be ?
𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑒 +𝑒 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 𝑥
(A) 𝑥2
(B) 𝑥 2 (C) ex (D) None of the above
Solution:
Use Quotient Rule:
𝑑 𝑥 𝑑
𝑑 𝑒𝑥 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 −𝑒 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑥
= 𝑥2
= 𝑥2

13. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 ln 𝑥 then what will be the value of y’(e)?

(A) 1 (B) 2 (C) e (D) ln e
Solution:
𝑑 𝑑 𝑑 1
𝑦 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 ln 𝑥) = 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 ln 𝑥 + ln 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥 = 𝑥 . 𝑥 + ln 𝑥 = 1 + ln 𝑥
𝑦 ′ (𝑒) = 1 + ln 𝑒 = 1 + 1 = 2

14. If 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 2𝑥 then what will be the value of f ’’(0)?

(A) 4 (B) 4e (C) 1 (D) e
Solution:
𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 = 𝑒 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥) = 2 𝑒 2𝑥 … (Chain Rule)
𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = 𝑑𝑥
(2 𝑒 2𝑥 ) = 2 𝑑𝑥 𝑒 2𝑥 = 2 (2 𝑒 2𝑥 ) = 4 𝑒 2𝑥
𝑓 ′′ (0) = 4 𝑒 = 40
15. Side of an equilateral triangle is increasing at the rate of 2 cm/s. What will be the rate of change of its
perimeter w.r.t. time?
(A) 3 cm/s (B) 2 cm/s (C) 6 cm/s (D) 8 cm/s
Solution:
Perimeter of equilateral triangle: 𝑝 = 3𝑙
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. time,
𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑙
𝑑𝑡
= 3 𝑑𝑡 = 3(2 𝑐𝑚/𝑠) = 6 𝑐𝑚/𝑠

16. If height of a triangle is increasing at the rate α and if the base is decreasing at the rate β (β > 0) then at what
rate is the area changing when base is b and height is h?
(A) αβ/2 (B) (α + β)/2 (C) (bα + hβ)/2 (D) (bα – hβ)/2
Solution:
1
Area of triangle: 𝐴 = 𝑏ℎ
2
Differentiating both sides w.r.t time,
𝑑𝐴 1 𝑑 1 𝑑ℎ 𝑑𝑏 1 𝑏𝛼−ℎ𝛽
𝑑𝑡
=
2 𝑑𝑡
(𝑏ℎ) =
2
[𝑏 𝑑𝑡 + ℎ 𝑑𝑡 ] = 2 [𝑏𝛼 + ℎ(−𝛽)] = 2

17. Consider function of x as 𝑦 = 2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥. Also, x depends on t and it is increasing at the rate of 0.2 w.r.t. t.
What will be the rate of change of y w.r.t. when x = 2?
(A) 1.2 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 10
Solution:
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑑 𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑡
= 𝑑𝑥 × 𝑑𝑡 = 𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥 2 + 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑡
= (4𝑥 + 2) 𝑑𝑡 = [4(2) + 2](0.2) = 2

18. A lamppost has a light at height 6 m above the ground. A person of height 2 m is moving away from lamppost
with speed of 2 m/s. What will be the rate at which length of his shadow is increasing?
(A) 1 m/s (B) 3 m/s (C) 4 m/s (D) 0.5 m/s
Solution:
ΔAEB and ΔCED are similar and hence we can write:
𝐵𝐸 𝐷𝐸 A
𝐴𝐵
= 𝐶𝐷
𝑥+𝑦 𝑦
=
6 2
6m C
𝑥 = 2𝑦
Hence, 2m Shadow
E
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦
= 2 B
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 x y
𝑑𝑦 1 𝑑𝑥 1 D
= =2 (2 𝑚/𝑠) = 1 𝑚/𝑠
𝑑𝑡 2 𝑑𝑡

19. What will be the minimum value of function 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 − 20𝑥 + 75?
(A) –25 (B) 25 (C) –75 (D) –50
Solution:
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 20
For minima, 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 0
Hence, 2𝑥 − 20 = 0
x = 10
Minimum value: 𝑦𝑚𝑖𝑛 = 𝑓(10) = (10)2 − 20(10) + 75 = −25
20. If 𝑥 2 𝑦 3 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 then what will be the value of dy/dx?
2𝑦 2𝑥 2 2𝑥 2 2𝑥𝑦
(A) − (B) − (C) (D) −
3𝑥 3𝑦 3 3𝑦 3 3
Solution:
Differentiate both the sides w.r.t. x:
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 2 𝑦 3 ) = (𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡) =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑥2 𝑦3 + 𝑦3 𝑥2 = 0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
𝑥 2 (3𝑦 2 𝑑𝑥 ) + 𝑦 3 (2𝑥) = 0
𝑑𝑦
3𝑥 2 𝑦 2 + 2𝑥𝑦 3 = 0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 2𝑥𝑦 3 2𝑦
𝑑𝑥
= − 3𝑥 2 𝑦 2
= − 3𝑥

21. If f(x) = –sin 2x, then find f ’’(π/4).

Answer: 4
Solution:
𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = − 𝑑𝑥 sin 2𝑥 = − cos 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥) = −2 cos 2𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = −2 𝑑𝑥 cos 2𝑥 = −2 (− sin 2𝑥) 𝑑𝑥 (2𝑥) = 4 sin 2𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
𝑓 ′′ ( 4 ) = 4 sin (2 4 ) = 4

22. If f(x) = 4x3 + x ln x, then find f’(1).

Answer: 13
Solution:
𝑑 𝑑 1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = 4 (3𝑥 2 ) + [𝑥 . ln 𝑥 + ln 𝑥 𝑥] = 12𝑥 2 + [𝑥 . + ln 𝑥] = 12𝑥 2 + 1 + ln 𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥 𝑥
𝑓 ′ (1) = 12 (1)2 + 1 + ln 1 = 13

23. A function f(x) is defined such that slope of tangent to the graph of the function is always equal to the value of
the function at given point. Then what will be the value of f(0)?
Answer: 1
Solution:
If slope of tangent to the graph of the function is always equal to the value of the function at given point, then
that means derivative of the function is same as the value of the function at given point.
Such function is 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 𝑥
Hence 𝑓(0) = 𝑒 0 = 1

24. If f(x) = –ln cos x, then what will be the value of f’(π/4)?
Answer: 1
Solution:
𝑑 1 𝑑 1
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = − 𝑑𝑥 ln cos 𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 cos 𝑥 = − cos 𝑥 (− sin 𝑥) = tan 𝑥
𝜋 𝜋
𝑓 ′ ( 4 ) = tan 4 = 1

25. f(x) is a constant function. Then what will be its derivative when x = 5?
Answer: 0
Solution:
Derivative of a constant function is always zero.
26. If perimeter of a square is decreasing at the rate of 0.4 cm/s then what will be the rate of change of area of the
square (in cm2/s) when its side is 10 cm?
Answer: –2
Solution:
Perimeter: 𝑝 = 4𝑙
𝑑𝑝 𝑑𝑙
Hence, 𝑑𝑡
= 4 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑙
So we get, −0.4 𝑐𝑚/𝑠 = 4 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑙
Hence, = −0.1 𝑐𝑚/𝑠
𝑑𝑡
Area: 𝐴 = 𝑙2
𝑑𝐴 𝑑 𝑑 2 𝑑𝑙 𝑑𝑙
Hence, = (𝑙 2 ) = (𝑙 ) = 2𝑙 = 2(10 𝑐𝑚)(−0.1 𝑐𝑚/𝑠) = −2 𝑐𝑚2 /𝑠
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑙 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

27. If f(x) = sin2 x then what will be the value of f ’’(π/6)?

Answer: 1
Solution:
𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′ (𝑥) = sin2 𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 sin 𝑥 = 2 sin 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = sin 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑 𝑑
𝑓 ′′ (𝑥) = sin 2𝑥 = cos 2𝑥 (2𝑥) = 2 cos 2𝑥
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
𝑓 ′′ ( 6 ) = 2 cos 2 ( 6 ) = 2 cos 3 = 1

28. A rectangle has perimeter of 24 cm. What can be the maximum area of this rectangle (in cm2)?
Answer: 36
Solution:
Let one side of the rectangle be x and other side be y.
Then we get, 2(𝑥 + 𝑦) = 24
Hence, 𝑥 + 𝑦 = 12
Hence, 𝑦 = 12 − 𝑥
Now, the area of the rectangle will be given by 𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦 = 𝑥(12 − 𝑥) = 12𝑥 − 𝑥 2
𝑑𝐴
For maximum area, 𝑑𝑥
=0
𝑑
Hence we get, (12𝑥 − 𝑥2) = 0
𝑑𝑥
12 − 2𝑥 = 0
Hence, 𝑥 = 6
The other side will be: 𝑦 = 12 − 𝑥 = 6
Hence it becomes a square.
The area will be: 𝐴 = 𝑥𝑦 = 6 × 6 = 36

1
29. If the maximum value of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = is 1/p then what is the value of p?
𝑥 2 +4𝑥+12
Answer: 8
Solution:
In the given function numerator is constant and is 1. Denominator depends on x. When the denominator is
minimum, the value of fraction will be maximum.
So basically, we have to find the minimum value of 𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 12.
𝑑
To find minimum value, (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 12) = 0
𝑑𝑥
Hence, 2𝑥 + 4 = 0
𝑥 = −2
So the minimum value of the expression (𝑥 2 + 4𝑥 + 12) is: (−2)2 + 4(−2) + 12 = 8
1 1
Hence, maximum value of 𝑥 2 +4𝑥+12 is 8.
30. If y = sin t and x = cos t, then find the value of – dy/dx when x = y.
Answer: 1
Solution:
From given values, we can see that: 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = cos 2 𝑡 + sin2 𝑡 = 1
Hence we get, 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 1
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get,
𝑑 𝑑
(𝑥 2 + 𝑦2) = (1) =0
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
Hence, we get, 2𝑥 + 2𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
Hence, 𝑑𝑥
= −𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑥
Hence, − 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦 = 1 when x = y.