SAFETY AND MARINE POLLUTION AWARENESS AMONG FISHERFOLKS IN BORACAY DE

CAVITE MARINE BASE, TERNATE CAVITE: BASIS FOR SAFETY AND MARINE
POLLUTION AWARENESS PROGRAM

A Thesis
Present to
The Faculty of Languages Department
Philippine Merchant Marine School, Las Piñas City

In Partial Fulfillment
Of the Requirements in Research (Report Writing)
For the First Semester, School Year 2021-2022

By:

H-S4C1

CALMITA RALPH ANGELICA DONINA JAN

DENDER DERQUITO LUIS DE VERA JR.
KAYLA MARIEL EVANGELISTA MANIEROSE GOMEZ
LEA HALLARE MARIAN SANPEDRO
FE AIRA MAY SUMOD-ONG ERIKA YECYEC
FRANCIS RATERTA MANALO JHONA MAY
ALDWIN ASTORGA

December 2022

i
 APPROVAL SHEET
This research in English 4 (Report Writing) entitled:

SAFETY AND MARINE POLLUTION AWARENESS AMONG FISHERFOLKS IN BORACAY DE

CAVITE MARINE BASE, TERNATE CAVITE: BASIS FOR SAFETY AND MARINE
POLLUTION AWARENESS PROGRAM

Prepared and Submitted by: H-S4C1

ALDWIN ASTORGA
CALMITA RALPH DONNA ANGELICA DONINA
JAN DENDER DERQUITO LUIS DE VERA JR.
KAYLA MARIEL EVANGELISTA MANIEROSE GOMEZ
LEA HALLARE MARIAN SANPEDRO
FRANCIS RATERTA ERIKA YECYEC
FE AIRA MAY SUMOD-ONG MANALO JHONA MAY

Has been examined and is recommended for acceptance and approval for ORAL
EXAMINATION.

BILLY L. HORTILANO, Ed.D

Instructor/Adviser

Approved by the committee on Oral Examination with a Grade of %

VICTORIA M. RAMIREZ ENGR. REYNOLD P. LIGOS

Member Member

Accepted as partial fulfillment of the course requirements in Research (Report Writing)

for First Semester, SY 2022-2023

Date:

TEODORO T. TIU, MAEd MAGDALENA T. CORRE, Ed.D

Head, Languages & Humanities Department AVPAA - PMMS Las Piñas City

ii
 DEDICATION

It is with genuine gratitude and warm regard

that we dedicate this work

To our

LORD JESUS CHRIST

who guides us along the process

and gives us the strength

to keep moving forward.

To our beloved Parents and Guardians who gave their

nonstop love and support

To our Academic Professor who guided us in this process and kept us on track.

And

To ourselves who never give up and continue to fight.

iii
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The researchers gave their utmost gratitude to several people who in one way or

another contributed and extended their valuable assistance in the preparation and

completion of this study, for without them, this thesis would not have been made

possible.

First to Almighty God, who has been the source of strength, wisdom, and

guidance in finishing this paper;

To Dr. Magdalena T. Corre, Vice President for Academic Affairs, for giving her

approval to the researchers to conduct survey outside PMMS premises;

To Dr. Billy Hortilano, thesis instructor and adviser, for giving necessary

suggestions to make this better and to his genuine apprehension, encouragement,

patience and guidance and whose expertise and knowledge were generously shared;

To their beloved parents and guardians for the continuous love and

financial support in order to finish this study; and

Lastly to the respondents for all their full cooperation and for sharing their

knowledge and ideas that made them a big part of this study.

iv
 ABSTRACT

This research is entitled “SAFETY AND MARINE POLLUTION AWARENESS

AMONG FISHERFOLKS IN BORACAY DE CAVITE MARINE BASE, TERNATE CAVITE: BASIS

FOR

SAFETY AND MARINEPOLLUTION AWARENESS PROGRAM” The purpose of this study is

to determine the factors that may influence the awareness on marine pollution and

awareness of the residents of Boracay de Cavite Marine Base in Ternate Cavite. It is also

aimed to find out if the residents related factors significantly influence their awareness

on marine pollution.

The researchers made use of descriptive method and correlation methods, there

were 45 respondents selected through purposive sampling technique. Percentage,

Mean, Standard Deviation, Likert scale, rank, Pearson R, as Statistical tools in analyzing

and interpreting the data.

Since findings reveal that in general, respondents perceived homogeneously that

they are very much aware on safety at sea. However, the values of standard deviations

are already near the boundary of being a heterogeneous. This indicates that there are

some fisher folks who are moderately aware about safety at sea. Thus, the researchers

recommended that BFAR will require all fisherfolks of Boracay de Cavite Marine Base

Ternate Cavite to undergo training and seminar regularly regarding safety at Sea.

v
 TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE PAGE

Title Page i

Approval Sheet ii

Dedication iii

Acknowledgement iv

Abstract v

Table of Contents vi

List Tables ix

List of Figure ix

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction 1

Background of the Study 3

Statement of the Problem 5

Research Framework 6

Hypothesis 7

Scope and Limitations of the Study 8

Significance of the Study 8

vi
Definition of Terms 9

Related Literature 12

Related Studies 17

Research Design 21

Respondents of the Study 22

Sampling Technique 22

Research Instrument 22

Data Gathering Procedure 23

Statistical Treatment of Data 23

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Results and Discussion 25

SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

Summary 39

Conclusion 44

Recommendations 44

Bibliography 45

Appendices

vii
Appendix A Letter of Request to Conduct Study 46

Appendix B Letter of Permission to the Barangay 47

Appendix C Research Instrument

Curriculum Vitae 53

viii
 LIST OF TABLES

TABLE TITLE PAGE

4.1 Respondents’ Distribution in Terms of Age 25

4.2 Respondents’ Distribution in Terms of Gender 25

4.3 Respondents’ Distribution in Terms of Educational Attainment 26

4.4 Respondents' Distribution in Terms of Seminar/Workshop 26

4.5 Respondents’ Awareness of Safety at Sea 27

4.6 Respondents’ Awareness of Marine Pollution 32

4.7 Respondents’ Awareness of Safety at Sea 34

According to their Demographic Profile

4.8 Respondents’ Awareness of Marine Pollution 36

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE TITLE PAGE

1 Paradigm of the Study 7

ix
 CHAPTER 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

This descriptive study aimed at ascertaining the fisherfolks’ safety awareness

in the Province of Ternate Cavite as basis for safety awareness program. Utilized for data

gathering was researcher-constructed questionnaire on safety awareness. The

computer- processed statistics were means, frequency, and rank for descriptive analysis

and the t- test for Independent Samples, One-way ANOVA and Stepwise Multiple

Regression Analysis for inferential analysis. Marine pollution is a growing problem in

today’s world. Our ocean is being flooded with two main types of pollution: chemicals

and trash. Chemical contamination, or nutrient pollution, is concerning for health,

environmental, and economic reasons. This type of pollution occurs when human

activities, notably the use of fertilizer on farms, lead to the runoff of chemicals into

waterways that ultimately flow into the ocean. The increased concentration of

chemicals, such as nitrogen and phosphorus, in the coastal ocean promotes the growth

of algal blooms, which can be toxic to wildlife and harmful to humans. The negative

effects on health and the environment caused by algal blooms hurt local fishing and

tourism industries. Marine trash encompasses all manufactured products—most of them

plastic—that end up in the ocean. Littering, storm winds, and poor waste management

all contribute to the accumulation of this debris, 80 percent of which comes from sources

on land. Common types of marine debris include various plastic items like shopping

bags and bevera

1
ge bottles, along with cigarette butts, bottle caps, food wrappers, and fishing

gear. Plastic waste is particularly problematic as a pollutant because it is so long- lasting.

Plastic items can take hundreds of years to decompose. This trash poses dangers to both

humans and animals. Fish become tangled and injured in the debris, and some animals

mistake items like plastic bags for food and eat them. Small organisms feed on tiny bits

of broken-down plastic, called microplastic, and absorb the chemicals from the plastic

into their tissues. Microplastics are less than five millimeters (0.2 inches) in diameter and

have been detected in a range of marine species, including plankton and whales. When

small organisms that consume microplastics are eaten by larger animals, the toxic

chemicals then become part of their tissues. In this way, the microplastic pollution

migrates up the food chain, eventually becoming part of the food that humans eat.

Solutions for marine pollution include prevention and cleanup. Disposable and single-use

plastic is abundantly used in today’s society, from shopping bags to shipping

packaging to plastic bottles. Changing society’s approach to plastic use will be a long

and economically challenging process.

2
Background of the Study

Marine pollution is a growing problem in today’s world. Our ocean is being

flooded with two main types of pollution: chemicals and trash. Chemical

contamination, or nutrient pollution, is concerning for health, environmental, and

economic reasons. This type of pollution occurs when human activities, notably the use

of fertilizer on farms, lead to the runoff of chemicals into waterways that ultimately flow

into the ocean. The increased concentration of chemicals, such as nitrogen and

phosphorus, in the coastal ocean promotes the growth of algal blooms, which can be

toxic to wildlife and harmful to humans. The negative effects on health and the

environment caused by algal blooms hurt local fishing and tourism industries. Marine

trash encompasses all manufactured products—most of them plastic—that end up in

the ocean. Littering, storm winds, and poor waste management all contribute to the

accumulation of this debris, 80 percent of which comes from sources on land.

Common types of marine debris include various plastic items like shopping bags and

beverage bottles, along with cigarette butts, bottle caps, food wrappers, and fishing gear.

Plastic waste is particularly problematic as a pollutant because it is so long-lasting.

Plastic items can take hundreds of years to decompose. This trash poses dangers to both

humans and animals. Fish become tangled and injured in the debris, and some animals

mistake items like plastic bags for food and

eat them. Small organisms feed on tiny bits of broken-down plastic, called microplastic,

and absorb the chemicals from the plastic into their tissues. Microplastics are less than

five millimeters (0.2 inches) in diameter and have been detected in a range of marine

3
species, including plankton and whales. When small organisms that consume

4
microplastics are eaten by larger animals, the toxic chemicals then become part of their

tissues. In this way, the microplastic pollution migrates up the food chain, eventually

becoming part of the food that humans eat. Solutions for marine pollution include

prevention and cleanup. Disposable and single-use plastic is abundantly used in

today’s society, from shopping bags to shipping packaging to plastic bottles. Changing

society’s approach to plastic use will be a long and economically challenging process.

Cleanup, in contrast, may be impossible for some items. Many types of debris

(including some plastics) do not float, so they are lost deep in the ocean. Plastics that do

float tend to collect in large “patches” in ocean gyres. The Pacific Garbage Patch is

one example of such a collection, with plastics and microplastics floating on and below

the surface of swirling ocean currents between California and Hawaii in an area of about

1.6 million square kilometers (617,763 square miles), although its size is not fixed. These

patches are less like islands of trash and, as the National Oceanic and Atmospheric

Administration says, more like flecks of microplastic pepper swirling around an ocean

soup. Even some promising solutions are inadequate for combating marine pollution.

The aim of the researchers in this study is to determine the safety and marine

pollution awareness among fisherfolks in Boracay de Cavite, Ternate Cavite, year 2022-

5
Statement of the problem

This study aims to investigate the safety and marine pollution awareness among

fisherfolks of Boracay De Cavite, Ternate Cavite.

Specifically, it aims to investigate the following:

1. What is the demographic profile of fisherfolks in terms of the following:

1.1 Age;

1.2 Gender;

1.3 Educational attainment;

1.4 Training and seminar

2. What is the extent of respondent’s awareness on safety at sea?

3. What is the extent of respondent’s awareness on marine pollution?

4. Is there a significant difference on the respondent’s regarding to the awareness on

safety at sea in Boracay De Cavite, Ternate Cavite when grouped according to their

demographic profile?

5. Is there a significant difference on the respondent’s awareness on marine pollution

according to categories?

6
Research Framework

In every activity, people accept a level of individual evaluation of risk in terms of

their overall safety to enable them to avoid accidents that usually occurs at sea due to

lack of safety awareness. People ignore risk when the level of risk is below the

acceptable limit and increase their exposure to risk. However, when people observe a

higher risk, they become aware of precautionary measures to avoid exposure on risk

(Wilde, 2017). Thus, there should be a full implementation of safety awareness in fishing

industry so that fisherfolks will become fully aware of the danger brought about by

negligence and ignorance while working in accident-prone environment.

Figure 1 illustrates in graphic form the paradigm of the study. The Input, Process

and Output Model (IPO) mentally outlines concepts of the researchers. The block

diagram shows high level flow of different elements and aims to arrive at the main

objective.

7
 INPUT OUTPUT
PROCESS

1. Type the numerical 1. T-test Result for in fishermen’ awarene

Demographic Profile of fishermen as to:
data in the variable view
and encode all the data in a
Age
the data matrix on the
Gender
Education SPSS software.
Training/Seminar
2. Analyze the data by
Safety Awareness of using descriptive statistics
Fishermen to determine the
measur of central
Marine Pollution Awareness of Fishermen tendencies variations of
resp
and significan
on safety
accor
ed

Figure 1: Paradigm of the Study

In the paradigm of the study, it shows that the researchers process from the

Input of the study which are the demographic profiles, safety awareness and marine

pollution awareness of the respondents. The researcher’s process consists of the

encoded numerical data gathered and encoded into the SPSS software. Data are

analyzed, presented, and interpreted by the researchers. The output of the process shall

be the basis for seminar workshop about safety awareness and marine pollution

awareness.

HYPHOTHESES
HO: There’s no significant difference on the respondent’s awareness on safety at sea

according to their demographic profile.

8
HO: There’s no significant difference on the respondent’s awareness on marine pollution

according to their demographic profile.

Scope and Limitations of the Study

The scope of the study covers the 45 fishermen of Boracay de Cavite, Ternate

Cavite for the year 2022-2023.

This study limits to the demographic profile of fisherfolks in terms of age,

gender, educational attainment, training and seminar. The extent of respondents

awareness on safety at sea and the extent of respondent’s awareness on marine

pollution. Significance of the Study

This results obtain from the research may be beneficial to the following

Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR). The result of this study will strongly

motivate and challenge the said sector in order to strictly implement sanctions for those who are

destroying our marine environment.

Local Government Unit (LGU). The findings of the study will help local officials in

promulgating regulation that will ensure the safety and pollution awareness among the

fisherfolks.

Department of Environment and Natural Resources(DENR). The output of this study will

be the basis of making plans in relation to the protection of the marine environment.

Fisherfolks. The result of this paper will officially educate fishermen of the said Barangay

in order to be aware of the effects of marine pollution.

Students. The result will provide the students with some knowledge on safety and marine

pollution awareness among fisherfolks. It will give the students information about the

9
 certain topic. It gives also the students full guidelines on safety awareness in terms of the

safety of marine pollution awareness among fisherfolks.

Residents. The given data would guide the resident to have a deeper understanding of

this study and to have an idea on this particular topic with the accordance on safety and

marine pollution awareness among fisherfolks.

Future Researchers. The concept offered it can be used as a reference information in

engaging in a new study or trying out the validity of the alternative associated findings.

At the end of result will offer new learnings, extra information and assist to enhance the

study of the researchers.

Definition of Terms

For better understanding of the study, the following terms are hereby defined

conceptually and operationally.

Age To measure by calculating the time elapsed usually in complete years between

date of birth and a specific point in time. In this study, it refers to the era of the

respondents to the period of time known for particular events or developments.

Awareness The condition of being aware of something. It is the capacity to personally know

and sense, feel, or be aware of events, to put it more precisely. In this study, this

refers to the recognition of thefisher folks regarding the effects of marine

pollution.

Barangay The smallest political unit in the country serves as the primary planning and

implementing unit of government programs, basic services, projects and activities

and as a forum in which the collective views of the people in the community may

1
 be crystallized and considered . In this study, it refers to historically referred to as

barrio where researchers conducted survey to the respondents.

Education The action or process of educating or of being educated. knowledge, skill, and

development gained from study or practice. the field of study that deals mainly

with methods and problems of teaching. In this study, it refers to the intended or

serving to educate or enlighten the respondents.

Fisherfolk A person or individuals who make their life through fishing. The ability to obtain

essentials to meet fundamental demands for daily needs is a component of the

livelihood set of activities. . In this study, it refers to the fisherman, who catching

fish in the ocean of the said barangay.

Gender Refers to the characteristics of women, men, girls and boys that are socially

constructed. This includes norms, behaviours and roles associated with being a

woman, man, girl or boy, as well as relationships with each other. In this study, it

refers to the sex category of the fisherfolks of the said barangay.

Marine Most frequently associated with seas and oceans. It may thus reflect water that

contains high salt concentration like as in seas and oceans. In this study, it refers

to the Coastal is used to refer to things that are in the sea or on the land near a

coast.

Pollution The release of toxins into the environment that have a negative impact. Pollution

can be any kind of material or energy. The elements of pollution are pollutants.

In this study, it refers to the contamination of the sea that fisherfolks are

currently

facing.
Safety A condition in which risks and circumstances that can cause physical,

psychological, or material harm are managed to protect public health and well-

1
 being. In this study, it refers to the well-being of the fisherfolks in regards to the

dangers that they face at sea.

Sea Defined as a portion of the ocean that is partly surrounded by land. But that

number includes water bodies not always thought of as seas, In this study, it refers

to any of the large bodies of water where fisherfolks catch fishes for their living.

Seminar A form of academic instruction, either at an academic institution or offered by a

commercial or professional organization. It has the function of bringing together

small groups for recurring meetings, focusing each time on some particular

subject, in which everyone present is requested to participate. In this study, it

refers to the meeting an assembly of fisherfolks on how to take care the sea as

their source of living.

Training The teaching, or developing in oneself or others, any skills and knowledge or

fitness that relate to specific useful competencies. . In this study, it refers to the

coaching a method of training, counselling or instructing residents and

fisherfolks

of the said barangay.

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 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the review of related literature and studies that would

support the present study.

Related Literature

Philippine Standard Time (2022), stated that fisherfolk in Cavite City will undergo

a series of training sessions to promote awareness on marine pollution protection

awareness among the fisheries sector. The training will highlight conversation and

fishfolk laws sector protect the sources of their livelihood and their income. It will be

conduct in the observance of the 35rd fisherfolks conversation week from November 16

to November

20. Maria Santos, head of the Cavite City Agriculture Office’s Fishery Resources

Management Services Division, said the training will benefit 35.000 members of the

federation of fisherfolks Association in Cavite City who are spread across 25 South Lake

Villages. The session are ultimately aimed at cultivating a ‘sense of all volunteerism

among fisherfolks and develop them as a partner in the implementation of South Lake

environmental conversation program ‘ Alexander Dela Cruz, chair of the healing sea

and

fisherfolks association, said being organized has made easier for fisherfolks to make a

living, improve and gain more knowledge on fishing techniques, gain support from

concern agencies most importantly security in the South Lake communities with the

discontinuation of dynamite fishing. ‘Fish yields in the past has started to decline
1
with

1
dynamite fishing and stopping many people from continuously doing so has placed our

security and that of our families in danger because of threats’, said 60 years old Dela

Cruz.

Costa Rica (2017), stressed that On World Oceans Day, Costa Rica announces a

new marine protected area on the country’s Pacific coast, contributing to the global

goal of protecting at least 10 per cent of marine zones before the year 2020. The new

protected marine area at Cabo Blanco, with an extension of more than 800 square

kilometers in the Nicoya Gulf, expands from 12.7 per cent to 15.7 per cent the

share of the country’s seas

under conservation. The marine area is home to 37 high-value marine species, three

turtle-hatching sites, and three areas of importance for dolphins, whales and other

aquatic mammals. “As a nation between two shores, the Caribbean and the Pacific,

Costa Rica is conscious of the immeasurable benefits that these bring to life on Earth.

With this in mind, we are striving to become a plastic-free zone and to expand marine

protected areas, along with models of local governance to manage fisheries and tourism

in a sustainable manner,” said Luis Guillermo Solís, President of Costa Rica. Costa

Rica is striving to fight plastic marine debris after joining the global UN Clean Seas

campaign earlier this year. Around 20 per cent of the four tonnes of waste that the

country produces daily ends up in rivers and coastal zones. The Clean Seas campaign is

seeking to eliminate major sources of marine litter: microplastics in cosmetics, and the

excessive, wasteful use of single-use plastic, by the year 2022. Twenty governments have

so far joined campaign announcing ambitious plans to reduce marine litter. Brazil joined

1
on 7 June, while several Latin American countries, such as Panama and the Dominican

Republic, as well as the Mexican

1
city of Tijuana, have committed to enhance efforts to combat ocean pollution. Costa Rica

is working to replace single-use plastics – which can take hundreds of years to degrade –

with renewable materials that can decompose in the ocean in no more than six months.

The country also launched a National Wetlands Policy (2017-2030) and recently outlined

a long-term National Sanitation Policy to prevent further water pollution. Alongside UN

Environment, Costa Rica is hosting the Global Dialogue on Oceans (8-9 June), in

Puntarenas on the country’s Pacific coast. High-level decision makers and

stakeholders from around the globe will use the meeting to plan definitive actions aimed

at improving the health of the oceans. The Global Dialogue will also provide input to the

third session of the United Nations Environment Assembly, which will take place in

Nairobi, Kenya, in December 2017. The UN’s highest-level decision-making body on

the environment will gather under the theme “towards a pollution-free planet”. The

Minister of Environment and Energy of Costa Rica, Dr. Edgar Gutiérrez, is the President

of the Assembly. Healthy oceans - which roughly 25 per cent of human-generated carbon

dioxide emissions – are critical to fighting climate change and are essential for life and

livelihoods at many levels. They provide wide-ranging social and economic benefits, and

are crucial in reducing absorb poverty for millions of people.Thriving oceans can ensure

food and energy security, and are closely interlinked with peace and prosperity. Oceans

face unprecedented challenges due to increasing human activities and impacts. Every

year, more than 8 million tons of plastic end up in seas and rivers, causing 8 billion

dollars in damages. At this pace, by 2050, oceans will have more plastics than fish and

approximately 99 per cent of marine birds will swallow plastic.

1
 HANOI (2022), stated that fishermen of the central coastal province of Quang

Binh take along rubbish bags during their long sea trips to bring garbage to land intead of

discharging it to the ocean. The new habit shows determination to protect the marine

environment and hope for bumper catch during fishing trips. On the days fishermen in

Canh Duong commune, Quang Trach district are preparingfor their long trips,with more

than 300 fishing vessels docking at Roon river. Ship owners place cargo nets or baskets

onboard to collect garbage discharged in daily activities during trips. Le Ngoc Tinh, 54

owner of vessel QB 93561TS, said that fishermen have been aware of the significance of

sea and aquatic resources protection. They pick up the Marine litter for proper disposal

while fishing. The Quang Binh fisheries office build a model calling on fishermen to

collect garbage during offshore trips in August 2020, and chose Canh Duong commune to

pilot model. Fishermen were provided with guidance to make rubbish bags from

damaged fishing nets. Local authorities assigned personel and devices to collect waste

upon the ships return. After two years, more than 500 ships in the commune

participated in the campaign. One vessels is estimated to collect an average of about 100

kg waste a year, head of the office Le Ngoc Linh said. There are over 1,500 offshore

fishing vessels in Quang Binh.

Galicia, Peter Ralph Balena (2020), aimed at ascertaining the fisherfolks safety

awareness in the Province of Antique as basis for safety awareness program. Utilized for

data gathering was researcher constructed questionnaire on safety awareness. The

computer processed statistics were means, frequency, and rank for descriptive analysis

and the t-test for independent samples. The study found found out that generally,

1
fisherfolks were aware of safety. They had shared five highest safety awareness: they are

aware that no disposal of any kind of plastics at sea, they are aware that drowning can

threaten life of fishermen, they are aware that rescue team must carry a first aid kit at all

time and they aware that oil spill can cause pollution kill marine life. On the other hand,

they also shared five least safety awareness. They are aware in identifying lifebouys and

lighthouse, they are aware in conducting safety orientation and they aware in wearing

life jacket with one minute. Significanct differences existed in the fisherfolk’s safety

awareness when classified according to years in schools, years of work experience, and

training attend. No significant difference existed in the fisherfolk’s safety awareness

when classified according to agae, years in school, years of work experience and training

attended were significant predictors of the fisherfolk’s safety awareness.

Ocean Pollution a Threat to Human Health (2021), claimed that ocean pollution

poses a clear and present danger to human health and well being, according to a new

study from an international group of researchers. The study sounds the alarm that the

growing global problem, which scientist are only beginning to understand, requires

urgent and immediate action. It is call to mobilize, say the authors who offer a path

forward via pollution prevention and research recommendation. Ocean pollution is a

widespread worsening and poorly controlled problem that is directly affecting human

and ecosystem health. It is a complex mix of toxins that, until now, has not received the

systematic attention it deserves. More than 80% of ocean pollution comes from land

based sources, making its way to seas through runoff, rivers, athmospheric deposition,

and direct discharges. It s most highliy concentrated along the coast of low and

1
middle income

2
countries. Ocean pollution is deeply unjust. Its impacts fall most heavily on low income

countries, coastal fishing communities people on small island nation, indigenous

populations, and people in the high artic groups that for the most part produces very

little pollution themselves. These populations rely on the ocean for food. Their survival

depends on the health of the seas.

Related Studies

Pant, Hemlata (2020), mentioned that marine pollution occurs when harmful

effects result from the entry into the ocean of chemicals, particles, agricultural and

residential waste, noise, or the spread of invasive organisms. Eighty percent of marine

pollution comes from land. Air pollution is also a contributing factor by carrying off

pesticides or dirt into the ocean. Land and air pollution have proven to be harmful to

marine life and its habitats. The pollution often comes from nonpoint sources such as

agricultural runoff, wind-blown debris, and dust. Pollution in large bodies of water can be

aggravated by physical phenomena like the biological effects of Langmuir circulation.

Nutrient pollution, a form of water pollution, refers to contamination by excessive inputs

of nutrients. It is a primary cause of eutrophication of surface waters, in which excess

nutrients, usually nitrates or phosphates, stimulate algae growth. Many potentially toxic

chemicals adhere to tiny particles that are then taken up by plankton and benthic

animals, most of which are either deposit feeders or filter feeders. In this way, the toxins

are concentrated upward within ocean food chains. Many particles combine chemically

in a manner highly depletive of oxygen, causing estuaries to become anoxic. When

pesticides are incorporated into the marine ecosystem, they quickly become absorbed

2
into marine

2
food webs. Once in the food webs, these pesticides can cause mutations, as well as

diseases, which can be harmful to humans as well as the entire food web. Toxic metals

can also be introduced into marine food webs. These can cause a change to tissue

matter, biochemistry, behavior, reproduction, and suppress growth in marine life. Also,

many animal feeds have a high fishmeal or fish hydrolysate content. In this way, marine

toxins can be transferred to land animals, and appear later in meat and dairy products. In

order to protect the ocean from marine pollution, policies have been developed

internationally. There are different ways for the ocean to get polluted, therefore there

have been multiple laws, policies, and treaties put into place throughout history.

Noriega, Richa (2021), stressed that the Philippine Coast Guard (PCG) conducted

a water quality analysis in Manila Bay and several provincial ports in the country to

address the marine pollution. In a statement, the PCG said it collected marine samples

on February 4 and 5 with the help of its academic institution to determine the Physico-

chemical parameters and inspected damages or progress on collected marine organisms

in Manila Bay. The Coast Guard said it also performed marine water analysis in the

ports of Bicol,

Cebu, and Davao. “This is part of the effort to sustain the marine environmental

protection that greatly affects the local fishing and tourism industries,” the PCG said in

a statement, adding that it will coordinate with the concerned units for the release of

results. Last week, the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) said it

will perform a series of inspections to identify and stop polluters in the coastal and

marine ecosystem of the Manila Bay.

2
 Briley, John (2020), said that for more than a decade, scientists have warned that

humankind is leaving so much plastic in the natural environment that future

archaeologists will be able to mark this era by the synthetic waste that was left behind—in

short, the Plastic Age. This is especially true in the ocean, where about 11 million metric

tons of plastic are dumped each year—an amount that is projected to nearly triple by 2040

without urgent, large-scale action, according to research by The Pew Charitable Trusts

and SYSTEMIQ, a London-based sustainability consultancy. The two organizations

detailed their findings in a 152-page report, released in July and titled “Breaking the

plastic waves” and a “peer reviewed study” in the journal Science that was published

online July 23 and in print Sept. 18 (and that also included data on plastic pollution on

land). Plastic in the ocean comes in myriad familiar forms, from shopping bags and takeout

food containers to water bottles, toothbrushes, toys, bubble wrap, household appliances,

and much more, the report noted. Plastic has been found along virtually every coastline

on the planet and throughout the seas, including its deepest and most remote regions.

According to the report, if current production, distribution, consumption, and disposal

continue at their current pace, 29 million metric tons of plastic would enter the ocean

annually by 2040, the equivalent of dumping 110 pounds (50 kilograms) of plastic on

every meter of coastline around the world.

Barique, Mantuto (2022), noted that each project site has different targets,

lautem will focus on income diversification within the area of Nino Konis Santana Marine

Protected Areas. Viqueque will focus on developing an Ecosystem Approach for fisheries

Management (EAFM) plan for Red Snapper Targeted fisheries. Barique will apply

Integrated Coastal Management (ICM) intiatives. Manufahi will concentrate on new

Marine Protected Areas (MPA) established. Covalima will focus on management actions

2
to prevent potential oil spills and minimize damage if one occurs. The marine Pollution

Survey will continue until April 2021. Increased awareness of the threat of marine

pollution and action to remove debris from the beaches in the south coast mark the first

time such events have become nationwide.

Calvelo, Janssen (2022), stated that fisherfolks, one of the most marginalized

groups in the Philippines, face a myriad of challenges including decreasing fish yield,

competition from commercial fishing and extreme weather event. Barili, Cebu is one of

the municipalities surrounding Tanon Strait, the country’s largest marine protected

area. “I have been fishing for 10 years with my father and brothers. I have 10

brothers, and most of us were able to pay for school because of fishing. Some of

my brothers didn’t finish school because there were not enough fish a few years ago

2
 CHAPTER 3
METHODS AND PROCEDURE
This chapter presents the research design, respondents of the study, sampling

technique, research instrument, data gathering procedures and statistical treatment of

data.

Research Design

In this study, the researchers made use of the descriptive methods. Descriptive is

a design that focuses at the present condition in which the purpose is to find new truth.

In this study, descriptive method is used to describe the respondent’s profile such as

age, gender, educational attainment, training and seminar, the extent of

respondent’s awareness on safety at sea and the extent of respondent’s awareness

on marine pollution.

In this study, correlation is used in order to determine the significant relationship

between the independent and dependent variables. Correlation is used in order to

determine if there is a significant difference on the respondent’s regarding to the

awareness on safety at sea and significant difference on the respondent’s awareness

on marine pollution

2
Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are 45 fishermen of Boracay de Cavite, Ternate

Cavite for the year 2022-2023.

Sampling Technique

The researchers made use of purposive sampling technique under the non-

probability sampling technique where this design is based on selecting individuals as

samples according to the purpose of the researchers as their control, an individual is

selected as part of the sample due to good evidence that he/she is representative of the

entire population.

Research Instrument

In this research, a survey questionnaire was the primary research instrument

used. The said questionnaire was prepared and developed by the Research Department

and was checked and validated by the faculty members who were teaching research

courses in the Philippine Merchant Marine School – Las Pinas City during the first

semester school year 2022-2023. The said survey questionnaire was divided into three

parts. First, the demographic profile of fisherfolks in terms of age, gender, educational

attainment, raining

and seminar. Second, the extent of respondent’s awareness on safety at sea. Third,

the extent of respondent’s awareness on marine pollution.

2
Data Gathering Procedures

First, the researchers presented a letter of request to conduct survey addressed

to the AVPAA, upon approval, the researchers reproduced a copy of survey

questionnaire, after which, the researchers prepared a letter of permission addressed to

the barangay chairman of Boracay de Cavite Marine Base, Ternate Cavite, upon arrival

thereat and approval of the letter, the researchers distributed the survey questionnaires

to the fisherfolks of Barangay Sitio Calumpang Sapang 1, Ternate Cavite and gave them

sufficient time to answer. Afterwards, the researchers retrieved the gathered data for

the tabulation and interpretation and analysis of data.

Statistical Treatment of Data

Data collected by the questionnaire were coded by researchers. The data were

recorded first in an MS Excel program and later transferred to Statistical Package for the

Social Science (SPSS) by the school statisticians assigned by our professor. Descriptive

statistical analyses such as percent frequency distribution, statistical mean, standard

deviation, and t-test for independent sample was used using the SPSS.

1. Percentage Frequency Distribution. It is a display of data that specifies the

percentage of observations that exist for each data point or grouping of data points. It is

a particularly useful method of expressing the relative frequency of survey responses and

other data.

2
2. Statistical Mean. Refers to the mean or average that is used to derive the central

tendency of the data. It is determined by adding all the data points in a population and

then dividing the total by the number of points.

3. Standard Deviation is a statistic that measures the dispersion of a dataset

relative to its mean and is calculated as the square root of the variance. If the data

points are

further from the mean, there is a higher deviation within the data set; thus, the more

spread out the data, the higher the standard deviation; thus

a. If s < 1, the responses are homogenous and clustered around the mean;

b. If s > 1, the responses are heterogeneous and scattered around the mean.

4. t-Test for Independent Sample is a parametric test that compares the means of

two independent groups in order to determine whether there is statistical evidence that

the associated population means are significantly different. The statistical significance

must be present in order to establish a probability of the results without error. To

determine if the mean difference is statistically significant or not, the following was used:

 If the Sig (2-Tailed) value or p>0.05, there is no statistically significant difference

between the two independent groups.

 If the Sig (2-Tailed) value or p≤0.05, there is a statistically significant difference

between the two independent groups.

2
 Chapter 4

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

This chapter deals with the discussion of the results of the study. It includes the

presentation, analysis, and interpretation of the data gathered. Several tables were used

to present the data, imply and support or contradict the findings.

I. Profile of the Respondents

1. Age of Respondents
Table 4.1
Respondents’ Distribution in Terms of Age
Age Frequency Percentage

20-45 23 50
46-70 23 50
TOTAL 46 100

In Table 4.1, the profile of the respondents in terms of age is presented by two age

groups. The frequency of the first group, ages 20-45, is 23 (or 50%), and the frequency of

the second group, ages 46-70, is 23 (or 50%).

2. Gender of Respondents

Table 4.2
Respondents’ Distribution in Terms of Gender
Gender Frequency Percentage

Male
45
97.8
Female
1
2.2
TOTAL
46 100

The respondents’ distribution in terms of gender is presented in Table 4.2. It appears

that 45, or 97.8%, are male, while 1, or 2.2%, is a female.

3
3. Educational Attainment of Respondents

Table 4.3
Respondents’ Distribution in Terms of Educational Attainment
Educational Attainment Frequency Percentage

Elementary
17
37.0
High School
29
63.0
TOTAL
46 100

Table 4.3 provides the profile of the respondents' educational backgrounds.

According to the data, 17 or 37.0% are in elementary, while 29 or 63.0% are in high

school.

4. Seminar/Workshop in Safety/Marine Pollution Attended by the Respondents

Table 4.4
Respondents' Distribution in Terms of Seminar/Workshop
TRAINING Frequency Percentage

With Seminar/Workshop
11
23.9
Without Seminar/Workshop
35
76.1
TOTAL 46 100

In Table 4.4, the profile of the respondents is shown in relation to the safety or

marine pollution seminars or workshops they had attended. It demonstrates that 11

respondents, or 23.9% of the total population, have attended a safety or marine

pollution seminar or workshop, while 35 respondents, or 76.1% of the total population

have not.

3
II. Respondents’ Awareness of Safety at Sea

Table 4.5
Respondents’ Awareness of Safety at Sea
Indicators on Safety at Sea Mean S.D. Interpretation
1. Storms can cause serious harm to, or even completely sink
a marine vessels
Maaaring magdulot ng malubhang pinsala ang bagyo, at 3.27 0.688 Very Much Aware
maging dahilan sa paglubog ng mgasasakyan-pandagat

2. Typhoons, and tropical cyclones feature violent wind,

torrential rain and surging waves.
Nagtatangi ng maalakas na hangin,ulan at mga alon ang 3.20 0.726 Aware
isang bagyo o tropical nabagyo

3. Typhoon winds can be so powerful that they reach 160

miles per hour.
Maaaring umabot sa lakasna160 milya bawat oras ang 3.24 0.794 Aware
bugso ng hanginnadulot ng bagyo

4. Coral reefs, sandbars are geographic hazards on the

seascape that can harm vessels, and are risky to navigate.
Ang mgacoral reef, sandbar ay mga heograpikong
3.11 0.775 Aware
panganib sa dagat na maaaring makapinsala sa
mgasasakyang pandagat sa kanilang paglalayag.

5. Modern navigational technology such as GPS can also be

used to steer ships clear of known sandbars and coral
reefs. Ang makabagong teknolohiya sa paglalayag tulad
3.17 0.769 Aware
ng GPS,na isang gabay sa paglalayag na maaaring
gamitnin upang maka-I was sa mga sandbar at coral reef.

6. Structural problems, engine issues, navigational and

equipment failures, are all technological hazards.
Suliranin sa istruktura, ang pagkasirang mga makina,
3.13 0.778 Aware
paglalayag at maging sa kagamitan na dulot ng
pangkalahatang teknolohikal na panganib

7. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation or CPR can restore the

patient’s heart pulse.
Maaaring magbalik ng pulso sa puso ng pasyente ang 3.11 0.859 Aware
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation o CPR

8. In case of internal/external bleeding or shock, fishermen

apply appropriate basic measures to limit bleeding.
Ang+pangyayari sa panloob/panlabas o pagkabigla na
2.91 0.793 Aware
pagdurugo, naglalapatang mangingisda ng naaangkop na
mga pangunahing hakbang upang malimitahan ito

3
9. Fishermen recognize the signs of shock through color of
face or rate and character of pulse.
Natutukoy ng mgamangingisda ang palatandaan ng
3.14 0.852 Aware
pagkabigla, sapamamagitan ng kulay ng mukha o
katangian ng pulsonito.

10. Fishermen cool the area as quickly as possible for burns and
scalds.
Agarang pinalalamig ng mgamangingisda ang lugar upang 3.07 0.837 Aware
maibsan ang mga paso at lapnos sakatawan

11. Fishermen recognize the hazards of transporting a patient

with injury of pelvis and/or spine and demonstrates the
correct procedures for the transport of such casualties.
Natutukoy ng mgamangingisda ang mg amaaaring maging
3.11 0.682 Aware
panganib sa pagdadala ng pasyente na may bali sa
balakang at/o sa buto maging sa pagpapakita ng tamang
pamamaraan para sa pagdadala sa mga ito.

12. Fishermen improvise bandaging by available means.

Naka-iimbento ng mga paraan sa pagbibenda ang
3.32 0.800 Very Much Aware
mgamangingisda

13. Skills for wearing a lifejacket is a must for all fishermen.

Kinakailanganna may kaalaman sa pagsuot ng lifejacket
3.16 0.776 Aware
ang lahat ng mangingisda.

14. Fishermen must know how to keep afloat without a

lifejacket.
Kinakailangang marunong ang mga mangingisda kung
3.25 0.892 Aware
paano mapananatiling nakalutang sa dagat kahit wala
itong lifejacket.

15. Fishermen must know how to operate location devices,

including radio equipment.
Nararapat na may sapat na kaalaman ang mga
mangingisda kung paano patakbuhin/gamitin ang mga 2.98 0.762 Aware
aparato sa panlokasyon, kabilang ang mga kagamitang
panradyo.

16. Fishermen are familiar to survival craft and appliances (e.g.

rescue boat, float-free launching, immersion suit, inflatable
appliance, thermal protective aid or anti-exposure suits or
launching appliance).
Pamilyar para sa mga mangingisda ang kaligtasang
ginagawa sa bapor maging sa mga kasangkapan nito (hal. 3.25 0.751 Aware
rescue boat, float-free launching, immersion suit, inflatable
appliance, thermal protective aid o anti-exposure suit o
launching appliance)

3
17. Fishermen must know all types of emergencies leading to
fires or foundering of ships (e.g. Collision, stranding,
adverse reaction of dangerous goods or hazardous bulk
materials, shifting of cargo, engine-room explosion or fire
or hull failure).
Kinakailangang malaman ng mgamangingisda ang lahat
ng uri ng aksidentena‘di inaasahan at humahantong sa 3.14 0.734 Aware
pagkasunog o pagkalubog ngbarko (hal. pagbangga,
pagkasadsad, mgahindiinaasahangpanganibsakalakal o
mabibigat na materyales, paglilipat ng kargamento,
pagsabog sa silid ng makina o pagkasunog ng bahagi ng
barko)

18. Heat stroke, exposure to cold and hypothermia are

considered dangers to floating survivors.
Tinuturing na mapanganib sa mga floating survivors ang 3.32 0.800 Very Much Aware
heat stroke, pagkakalantad sa lamig at hypothermia.

19. Fire can be extinguished by removing one of the elements

such as heat, oxygen and fuel.
Maaaringmapatay ang apoy sa pamamagitan ng pag-
3.39 0.881 Very Much Aware
alis/pagtanggal ng oxygen at gasolina, maging ang init na
nagmumula rito.

20. Water hydrants can be used to extinguish solid fire. (e.g.

paper, wood, coal, cardboard, and other solid fuel fires).
Maaaring gamitin ang mga water hydrant upang mapatay
ang matitinding pag-apoy. (hal. papel, kahoy, karbon, 3.15 0.816 Aware
karton, at iba pang solid fuel na maaaring pagmulan din
nito)

21. Foam extinguisher can be used to extinguish liquid fire.

(e.g. petrol, oil and paint).
Maaaring gamitin ang foam extinguisher upangpatayin
2.93 0.854 Aware
ang mga uri ng liquid fire o mga likidong pag-apoy (hal.
petrolyo, langis at pintura).

22. Wet blanket is appropriate for extinguishing oil fire. (e.g.

cooking oils and fats).
Ang nararapat gamitin ay basang kumot upang mapatay
3.13 0.726 Aware
ang apoy na dulot ng langis. (hal. Mga mantika sa
pagluluto)

23. Fishermen must comply with emergency procedures in

taking action on discovering potential emergency,
including fire, collision, foundering and ingress of water
into the boat. Nararapat na ang mgamaninigisda’y 3.09 0.890 Aware
sumunod sa mga
pamamaraang pang-emerhensiya o emergency sa
paggawa ng aksyon atpagtuklas ng mga maaring maging

3
 sanhi ng mga ito, tulad ng sunog, banggaan, paglubog at
pagpasok ng tubig sa bangka.

24. Fishermen must know how to communicate clearly and

effectively with boat mates and those in government
authority.
Nararapat na may sapat na kaalaman ang mga
3.02 0.830 Aware
mangingisda kung paano makipag-usap nang
tama/malinaw at epektibo sa mga kasamahan nito sa
bangka at maging sa mga nasa awtoridad ng gobyerno.

25. Fishermen recognize the effects of drug and alcohol abuse

while working.
Natutukoy ng mga mangingisda ang maaaring maging
3.35 0.737 Very Much Aware
epekto ng paggamit ng droga at alak habang
nagtatrabaho.

OVERALL 3.16 0.282 Aware

Legend:

1.00 – 1.75 Unaware 2.51 – 3.25 Aware

1.76 – 2.50 Moderately Aware 3.26 – 4.00 Very Much Aware

The respondents’ awareness in safety at sea is presented in Table 4.5.

Results indicate that the respondent’s awareness score, which ranges from 2.51 to

3.25, indicates that they are aware of the following: typhoons, and tropical cyclones

feature violent wind, torrential rain and surging waves; typhoon winds can be so

powerful that they reach 160 miles per hour; coral reefs, sandbars are geographic

hazards on the seascape that can harm vessels, and are risky to navigate; modern

navigational technology such as GPS can also be used to steer ships clear of known

sandbars and coral reefs; structural problems, engine issues, navigational and equipment

failures, are all technological hazards; Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation or CPR can

restore the patient’s heart pulse; in case of internal/external bleeding or shock,

fishermen apply appropriate basic measures to limit

3
3
bleeding; fishermen recognize the signs of shock through color of face or rate and

character of pulse; fishermen cool the area as quickly as possible for burns and scalds;

fishermen recognize the hazards of transporting a patient with injury of pelvis and/or

spine and demonstrates the correct procedures for the transport of such casualties; skills

for wearing a lifejacket is a must for all fishermen; fishermen must know how to keep

afloat without a lifejacket; fishermen must know how to operate location devices,

including radio equipment; fishermen are familiar to survival craft and appliances (e.g.

rescue boat, float-free launching, immersion suit, inflatable appliance, thermal protective

aid or anti-exposure suits or launching appliance); fishermen must know all types of

emergencies leading to fires or foundering of ships (e.g. Collision, stranding, adverse

reaction of dangerous goods or hazardous bulk materials, shifting of cargo, engine-room

explosion or fire or hull failure); water hydrants can be used to extinguish solid fire. (e.g.

paper, wood, coal, cardboard, and other solid fuel fires); foam extinguisher can be used

to extinguish liquid fire. (e.g. petrol, oil and paint); wet blanket is appropriate for

extinguishing oil fire. (e.g. cooking oils and fats); fishermen must comply with emergency

procedures in taking action on discovering potential emergency, including fire, collision,

foundering and ingress of water into the boat; and fishermen must know how to

communicate clearly and effectively with boat mates and those in government authority.

Findings demonstrate that the respondents are homogenously very much aware

in the following indicators of safety at sea, with mean awareness range of 3.26 to 4.00

and standard devotion of <1, that: storms can cause serious harm to, or even completely

sink a marine vessels; fishermen improvise bandaging by available means; heat stroke,

3
exposure to cold and hypothermia are considered dangers to floating survivors; fire can

be extinguished by removing one of the elements such as heat, oxygen and fuel; and

fishermen recognize the effects of drug and alcohol abuse while working.

The overall indications of respondents' awareness of safety at sea have a mean of

3.16 homogenously aware and standard deviation of 0.282.

III. Respondents’ Awareness of Marine Pollution

Table 4.6
Respondents’ Awareness of Marine Pollution
Indicators on Marine Pollution Mean S.D. Interpretation
1. There are legal requirements and procedures to protect the
marine environment from pollution by boats.
May mga legal na pamamaraan at kagamitan upang
3.47 0.694 Very Much Aware
maprotektahan ang yamang tubig mula sa polusyon na
dulot ng mga bangka.

2. Plastic is one of the major sources of marine pollution.

Pinagmumulan ng polusyon sa dagat ang plastik 3.34 0.680 Very Much Aware

3. Sewage enters into the ocean water through rivers and

pollutes the marine life.
Dumadaloy ang dumi sa alkantarilya sa tubig ng karagatan sa 3.10 0.726 Aware
pamamagitan ng mga ilog at nagpaparumi sa dagat

4. Oil spills lead to the death of thousands of innocent marine

animals due to suffocation and toxic effects of it.
Nag dudulot ng pagkamatay ng libu-libong mga inosenteng
hayop sa karagatan ang pagtagas ng langis galing sa barko 3.00 0.747 Aware
dahilan sa epekto nito na pagkasakal at pagkalason sa mga
ito

5. Ocean pollution is also caused by to the toxins and chemicals

which enter into seawater through industrial & agricultural
wastes.
Sanhi polusyon sa karagatan ang mga lason at kemikal na 3.07 0.809 Aware
pumapasok sa tubig-dagat dahil sa basurang/duming
nagmumula sa mga industriya at pang-agrikultura.

6. Greenhouse gases emitted from fossil fuel are responsible

3.25 0.866 Aware
for marine pollution, causing acidification of water.

3
 Nagiging sanhi ng pag-asidipikasyon ng tubig/acidification of
water ang greenhouse gases na ibinubuga mula sa fossil fuel
na may pananagutan sa polusyon sa dagat

7. Operational recklessness offshore has an effect on marine

pollution.
Ang kawalang-ingat sa pagpapatakbo ng mga operasyon sa 3.66 0.617 Very Much Aware
malapit sa baybayin ay may dulot na polusyon sa dagat.

OVERALL 3.26 0.376 Very Much Aware

Legend:

1.00 – 1.75 Unaware 2.51 – 3.25 Aware

1.76 – 2.50 Moderately Aware 3.26 – 4.00 Very Much Aware

Table 4.6 shows the respondents' awareness about marine pollution. Findings

demonstrate that respondents are homogenously aware, with a mean between 2.51 and

3.25 and a standard deviation of less than 1 that: sewage enters into the ocean water

through rivers and pollutes the marine life; oil spills lead to the death of thousands of

innocent marine animals due to suffocation and toxic effects of it; ocean pollution is also

caused by to the toxins and chemicals which enter into seawater through industrial &

agricultural wastes; and greenhouse gases emitted from fossil fuel are responsible for

marine pollution, causing acidification of water.

Findings demonstrate that respondents are homogenously very much aware,

with a mean between 3.26 and 4.00 and a standard deviation of less than 1 that there

are legal requirements and procedures to protect the marine environment from

pollution by boats; plastic is one of the major sources of marine pollution; operational

recklessness offshore has an effect on marine pollution.

3
 With a mean of 3.26 and a standard deviation of 0.376, respondents are

homogenously very much aware of marine pollution.

IV. Comparative Analysis

1. Respondents’ Awareness of Safety at Sea According to their Demographic

Profile.

Table 4.7
Respondents’ Awareness of Safety at Sea

t- p- Interpretation
Variables Paired Variables n Mean df
Value value
3.17
20-45 23 Not Significant
Age 0.331 44 0.742
46-70 23 3.14
Male 45 3.16 Not Significant
Gender 0.161 44 0.873
Female 1 3.11
Educational Elem Level 17 3.08 Not Significant
-1.38 44 0.176
Attainment High School 29 3.20
Seminar/ With 11 3.20 Not Significant
0.515 44 0.609
Workshop Without 35 3.14

According to their Demographic Profile

Table 4.7 presents a comparison of the respondents' awareness of maritime

safety at sea based on their demographic profile. The mean age of younger respondents,

those between the ages of 20 to 45, is higher (x = 3.17) than that of older respondents,

those between the ages of 46 and 70 (x = 3.14). However, because the calculated value

of t= 0.331, df=44, p = 0.742 is higher than the level of significance of 0.05, the difference

is assumed to be statistically not significant.

In terms of gender, male respondents shows a higher mean (x =3.16) than the

female respondent (x =3.11). But the computed value of t=0.161, df = 44, and p=0.873 is

higher than the level of significance α = 0.05, implies that the difference is

statistically not significant.

4
 Elementary-level respondents have a lower mean (x=3.08) than high-school

respondents (x=3.20) in terms of educational attainment. The difference is statistically

not significant, although the computed value of t= -1.38, df=44, and p=0.176 is higher

than the level of significance of =0.05.

Respondents who attended seminars or workshops had a higher mean (x = 3.20)

than those who did not (x = 3.14) in terms of their attendance at such events. The

difference is statistically not significant, although the computed value of t=-0.515, df=44,

and p=0.609 is higher than the level of significance of =0.05.

The aforementioned findings showed that the respondents' levels of awareness of

maritime safety at sea were differing, with younger respondents (between the ages of 20

and 45), males, highs school level, and respondents who have attended seminars or

workshops showing a higher level of awareness than older respondents, female,

elementary level and who have not attended seminars or workshops. As a result, the

researchers have accepted the premise that the respondent's awareness of maritime

safety at sea is unaffected by their demographic profile.

2. Respondents’ Awareness of Marine Pollution According to their Demographic

Profile.

4
 Table 4.8
Respondents’ Awareness of Marine Pollution
Paired t-Value p-
Variables n Mean df Interpretation
Variables value
20-45 22 3.26
Age -0.038 43 0.970 Not Significant
46-70 23 3.13
Male 44 3.27
Gender 0.697 43 0.490 Not Significant
Female 1 3.00
Educational Elem Level 16 3.26
0.0139 43 0.989 Not Significant
Attainment High School 29 3.26
Seminar/ With 11 3.10
-1.62 43 0.112 Not Significant
Workshop Without 34 3.31

Table 4.8 compares the respondents' levels of awareness on marine pollution

based on their demographic backgrounds. The mean age of younger respondents, those

between the ages of 20 to 45, is higher (x = 3.26) than that of older respondents, those

between the ages of 46 and 70 (x = 3.13). However, because the calculated value of t = -

0.038, df=43, p = 0.970 is higher than the level of significance of 0.05, the difference is

assumed to be statistically not significant.

Male respondents have a higher mean (x=3.27) than female respondents

(x=3.00), according to gender. The difference is, nonetheless, statistically not significant

because the computed value of t=0.697, df = 43, and p=0.490 is higher than the level of

significance

= 0.05.

The mean degree of education of respondents in elementary school is equal

(x=3.26) with that of respondents in high school (x=3.26). The difference is statistically

not significant, however the computed value of t=0.0139, df=43, and p=0.989 is higher

than the level of significance of =0.05.

4
 Respondents who attended seminars or workshops have a lower mean (x=3.10)

than respondents without attended seminars or workshops (x=3.31) in terms of their

attendance at such events. The difference is statistically not significant, however the

computed value of t= -1.62, df=43, and p=0.112 is higher than the level of significance of

=0.05.

The aforementioned findings showed that there are disparities in the

respondents' levels of awareness of marine pollution. Younger respondents (20–45

years old), male with both elementary and high school education attainment, and no

seminars or workshops tend to be more aware of marine pollution than older

respondents (female and without seminars or workshops on maritime pollution). As a

result, the researchers have accepted the hypothesis that the respondent's awareness

of maritime pollution is unaffected by their demographic profile.

4
 CHAPTER 5
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This Chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions drawn, and

recommendation made as posted in Chapter 1.

Summary of Findings

I. Profile of Respondents

1. Age of Respondents

The respondents in this study are group in two where the first group were from 20 –

45 years old with a frequency of 23 or 50% while the second group were from 46 – 70

years old with a frequency of 23 or 50%.

2. Gender of Respondents.

In terms of gender, there were 45 or 97.8% male and 1 or 2.2% female.

3. Educational Attainment of Respondents.

The educational attainment of the respondents shows that 17 or 37% are elementary

level and 29 or 63% are high school level.

4. Seminar/Workshop in Safety/Marine Pollution Attended by the Respondents

In terms of the seminars/workshops in safety/marine pollution attended by the

respondents, it shows that 11 or 23.9% with a seminar/workshop while 35 or 76.1% were

without seminar/workshop.

4
II. Respondents’ Awareness of Safety at Sea.

While, the respondents’ awareness in safety at sea presented that they are

generally aware in the following indicators of safety at sea: typhoons, and tropical

cyclones feature violent wind, torrential rain and surging waves; typhoon winds can be

so powerful that they reach 160 miles per hour; coral reefs, sandbars are geographic

hazards on the seascape that can harm vessels, and are risky to navigate; modern

navigational technology such as GPS can also be used to steer ships clear of known

sandbars and coral reefs; structural problems, engine issues, navigational and equipment

failures, are all technological hazards; Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation or CPR can

restore the patient’s heart pulse; in case of internal/external bleeding or shock,

fishermen apply appropriate basic measures to limit bleeding; fishermen recognize the

signs of shock through color of face or rate and character of pulse; fishermen cool the

area as quickly as possible for burns and scalds; fishermen recognize the hazards of

transporting a patient with injury of pelvis and/or spine and demonstrates the correct

procedures for the transport of such casualties; skills for wearing a lifejacket is a must for

all fishermen; fishermen must know how to keep afloat without a lifejacket; fishermen

must know how to operate location devices, including radio equipment; fishermen are

familiar to survival craft and appliances (e.g. rescue boat, float-free launching, immersion

suit, inflatable appliance, thermal protective aid or anti-exposure suits or launching

appliance); fishermen must know all types of emergencies leading to fires or foundering

of ships (e.g. Collision, stranding, adverse reaction of dangerous goods or hazardous

bulk materials, shifting of cargo,

engine-room explosion or fire or hull failure); water hydrants can be used to extinguish
4
solid fire. (e.g. paper, wood, coal, cardboard, and other solid fuel fires); foam

extinguisher can be used to extinguish liquid fire. (e.g. petrol, oil and paint); wet blanket

is appropriate for extinguishing oil fire. (e.g. cooking oils and fats); fishermen must

comply with emergency procedures in taking action on discovering potential emergency,

including fire, collision, foundering and ingress of water into the boat; and fishermen

must know how to communicate clearly and effectively with boat mates and those in

government authority.

Respondents are presented homogenously very much aware in the following:

storms can cause serious harm to, or even completely sink a marine vessels; fishermen

improvise bandaging by available means; heat stroke, exposure to cold and hypothermia

are considered dangers to floating survivors; fire can be extinguished by removing one of

the elements such as heat, oxygen and fuel; and fishermen recognize the effects of drug

and alcohol abuse while working.

In overall, the respondents are generally aware of safety at sea.

III. Respondents’ Awareness of Marine Pollution.

The respondents’ awareness of marine pollutions reveals that the respondents

perceived the following indicators as homogenously aware that: sewage enters into the

ocean water through rivers and pollutes the marine life; oil spills lead to the death of

thousands of innocent marine animals due to suffocation and toxic effects of it; ocean

pollution is also caused by to the toxins and chemicals which enter into seawater

through industrial & agricultural wastes; and greenhouse gases emitted from fossil fuel

are responsible for marine pollution, causing acidification of water.

4
 While respondents are homogenously very much aware that there are legal

requirements and procedures to protect the marine environment from pollution by

boats; plastic is one of the major sources of marine pollution; operational recklessness

offshore has an effect on marine pollution.

Responders are homogenously very much aware of marine pollution in general.

IV. Comparative Analysis

1. Respondents’ Awareness of Safety at Sea According to their Demographic

Profile.

The comparative analysis of respondents’ awareness of safety at sea according to

their demographic profiles revealed that the computed value t=0.331 & p=0.742 for age;

t=0.161 & p=0.873 for gender; t=-1.38 & p=0.176 for educational attainment and t=-

0.515 & p=0.609 for seminars/workshops attended are very much higher than the level

of significance α=0.05. This implies that the respondents have equal level of

awareness in safety at sea.

The above findings revealed that the respondents are homogenously aware of safety

at sea in terms of their demographic profile. However, respondents who are younger (17

– 27 years old), male, high school level and have not attended seminars/workshop in

safety sea tends to have a higher level of awareness. Therefore, the research hypothesis

that there’s no significant difference on the respondent’s awareness on safety at

sea according to their demographic profile is accepted.

2. Respondents’ Awareness of Marine Pollution According to their Demographic

Profile.

4
 The comparative analysis of respondents’ awareness of marine pollution

according to their demographic profiles revealed that the computed value t=-0.038 &

p=0.970 for age; t=-0.697 & p=0.490 for gender; t=-0.0139 & p=0.898 for educational

attainment and t=-1.62. & p=0.112 for seminars/workshops attended are very much

lower than the level of significance α=0.05. This implies that the respondents have

equal level of awareness in marine pollution.

The above findings revealed that the respondents are homogenously aware of

marine pollution in terms of their demographic profile. However, respondents who are

younger (20 – 46 years old), male, both elementary and high school level, and have no

attended seminars/workshop in marine pollution tends to have a higher level of

awareness. Therefore, the research hypothesis that there’s no significant difference

on the respondent’s awareness in marine pollution according to their demographic

profile is accepted.

Conclusion

The researchers draw the conclusion that the residents of Boracay de Cavite Marine

Base, Ternate Cavite who are fisherfolk are aware of maritime safety and marine

pollution based on the summary of findings. However, respondents who are under 45

years old, male, either elementary or high school level, and have not attended any

seminars or workshops likely to have a greater degree of awareness in terms of maritime

safety and marine pollution than respondents who are above 46 years old, female, and

with seminar or workshop.

4
 As a result, both of the research hypotheses—that there is no significant

difference in respondents' awareness of marine pollution according to their demographic

profile and that there is no significant difference in respondents' awareness of safety at

sea—are accepted.

Recommendation

Based on the foregoing findings and conclusions evolved from this study, the

researchers recommend the following:

1. The next researcher that will conduct the same study may include male fisherfolks as

respondents for better comparative analysis between male and female regarding to the

safety at sea and marine pollution awareness among fisherfolks.

2. The next researcher that will conduct the same study may add college level in

educational attainment in part of demographic profile of fisherfolks in this study to know

more about the attainment of fisherfolks regarding to the safety and marine pollution

awareness among fisherfolks.

3. For Respondents’ Awareness on Safety at Sea. Since findings reveal that in

general, respondents perceived homogeneously that they are very much aware on

safety at sea. However, the values of standard deviations are already near the boundary

of being a heterogeneous. This indicates that there are some fisher folks who are

moderately aware about safety at sea. Thus, the researchers recommended that BFAR

will comply all fisherfolks of Boracay de Cavite Marine Base, Ternate Cavite to undergo

training and seminar regularly regarding safety at Sea

4
Bibliography

Costa Rica (2017) Costa Rica expands protected seas and fosters efforts to fight
marine pollution on World Oceans Day
https://www.unep.org/news-and-stories/press-release/costa-rica-
expands- protected-seas-and-fosters-efforts-fight-marine

Janssen Calvelo (2022) In tanon Strait, fisherfolk are taking up the fight
against plastic pollution
https://www.rappler.com/environment/tanaon-strait-fisherfolk-taking-up-
fight- against-plastic-pollution/

John, Briley (2020) Confronting Ocean Plastic Pollution

https://www.pewtrusts.org/en/trust/archive/fall-2020/confronting-
ocean-plastic-pollution

Kihila, Jacob M. (2017) Fire disaster preparedness and situational analysis in higher
learning institutions of Tanzania
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6014058/

Megan, Avakian (2021) Ocean Pollution a Threat to Human Health

https://www.niehs.nih.gov/research/programs/geh/geh_newsletter/2021/2/
articles/new_study_finds_ocean_pollution_a_threat_to_human_health.cfm

Pepito, Charles R. (2018) Cebu PB calls for fire-safety audits of high-rise buildings
https://businessmirror.com.ph/2018/01/16/cebu-pb-calls-for-fire-safety-
audits- of-high-rise-buildings/

Peter Ralph Galicia (2020) Safety awareness in the Province of Antique as basis
for safety awareness program.
https://www.researchegate.net/profile/Pter-Ralph-Galicia

Timor, Leste (2020) Beach cleanup: Surveying marine pollution on Timor Leste’s
south coast/ United nations development program
https://www.undp.org/timor-leste/news/beach-cleanup-surveying-
marine-pollution-timor-lestes-south-coast

5
 Appendix A
PHILIPPINE MERCHANT MARINE SCHOOL
San Antonio Valley Road, Las Piñas

LETTER OF REQUEST TO CONDUCT THE STUDY

October 03, 2022

DR. MAGDALENA T. CORRE

Vice President for Academic Affairs
PMMS Las Piñas City
Greetings!

We, the researchers of BSHM S4C1 are in the process of writing a thesis entitled :SAFETY
AND MARINE POLLUTION AWARENESS AMONG FISHERFOLKS IN BORACAY DE CAVITE
MARINE BASE, TERNATE CAVITE: BASIS FOR SAFETY AND MARINE POLLUTION
AWARENESS PROGRAM
in partial fulfillment of the course requirement in our Research (Report Writing) this first
semester of S.Y.2021-2022.
In this connection, may we request permission from your good office to allow us to
conduct the study using the survey questionnaire developed and prepared by the
Research Department and validated by the faculty members handling Research courses
for the current school year.

Your utmost approval will be highly appreciated.

Respectfully yours,

MS. Kayla Mariel O. Evangelista

Group Representative

Noted by:

DR. BILLY L. HORTILANO

Instructor/Adviser

Approved by:

DR. MAGDALENA T. CORRE

AVPAA, PMMS Las Piñas

5
 Appendix B

PHILIPPINE MERCHANT MARINE SCHOOL

San Antonio Valley Road, Las Piñas

LETTER TO THE BARANGAY CHAIRMAN

October 03, 2022

Greetings!

We, the researchers of BSHM S4C1 are in the process of writing a thesis entitled
“SAFETY AND MARINE POLLUTION AWARENESS AMONG FISHERFOLKS IN BORACAY DE
CAVITE MARINE BASE, TERNATE CAVITE: BASIS FOR SAFETY AND MARINE
POLLUTION
AWARENESS PROGRAM ” in partial fulfillment of the course requirement in our Research
(Report Writing) this 1st semester of S.Y. 2022-2023.

In this connection, may we request you to please allow us to gather data from your
residence. Attached herewith is the copy of survey questionnaire for your reference.

Your utmost approval will be highly appreciated.

Respectfully yours,

MS. KAYLA MARIEL O. EVANGELISTA

Group Representative

Noted by:

DR. BILLY L. HORTILANO

Instructor/Adviser

5
 APPENDIX C
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

SECTION I: RESPONDENT’S PROFILE

Direction: Please fill in the information requested for by writing your
responses on the blanks provided for each item or encircling the
number that describes your personal profile.
A. Age:
B. Gender
1. Male
2. Female
C. Educational Attainment
1. Elementary
2. High School
D. Do you have safety/marine pollution seminar/workshop?
1. Yes
If YES, please specify:
2. No

SECTION II: RESPONDENTS’ AWARENESS ON SAFETY AT SEA

KAMALAYAN NG MGA RESPONDANTE SA KALIGTASAN SA DAGAT
DIRECTION: Encircle the number that indicates your level of
awareness on safety at sea according to the
following rating scale:

4 - Very much aware (VMA)

3 - Aware (A)
2 - Moderately Aware (MA)
1 - Unaware (U)

Indicators on Safety at Sea (Mga paalala sa pag-iingat sadagat) VA A NA U

1. Storms can cause serious harm to, or even completely sink a 4 3 2 1
marine vessels
Maaaring magdulot ng malubhang pinsala ang bagyo, at
maging dahilan sa paglubog ng mgasasakyan-pandagat
2. Typhoons, and tropical cyclones feature violent wind, 4 3 2 1
torrential rain and surging waves.

5
 Nagtatangi ng maalakas na hangin,ulan at mga alon ang
isang bagyo o tropical nabagyo
3. Typhoon winds can be so powerful that they reach 160 miles 4 3 2 1
per hour.
Maaaring umabot sa lakasna160 milya bawat oras ang
bugso ng hanginnadulot ng bagyo
4. Coral reefs, sandbars are geographic hazards on the seascape 4 3 2 1
that can harm vessels, and are risky to navigate.
Ang mgacoral reef, sandbar ay mga heograpikong panganib
sa dagat na maaaring makapinsala sa mgasasakyang
pandagat sa kanilang paglalayag.
5. Modern navigational technology such as GPS can also be 4 3 2 1
used to steer ships clear of known sandbars and coral reefs.
Ang makabagong teknolohiya sa paglalayag tulad ng
GPS,na isang gabay sa paglalayag na maaaring gamitnin
upang
maka-I was sa mga sandbar at coral reef.
6. Structural problems, engine issues, navigational and 4 3 2 1
equipment failures, are all technological hazards.
Suliranin sa istruktura, ang pagkasirang mga makina,
paglalayag at maging sa kagamitan na dulot ng
pangkalahatang teknolohikal na panganib
7. Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation or CPR can restore the 4 3 2 1
patient’s heart pulse.
Maaaring magbalik ng pulso sa puso ng pasyente ang
Cardio Pulmonary Resuscitation o CPR
8. In case of internal/external bleeding or shock, fishermen 4 3 2 1
apply appropriate basic measures to limit bleeding.
Ang+pangyayari sa panloob/panlabas o pagkabigla na
pagdurugo, naglalapatang mangingisda ng naaangkop na
mga pangunahing hakbang upang malimitahan ito
9. Fishermen recognize the signs of shock through color of face 4 3 2 1
or rate and character of pulse
Natutukoy ng mgamangingisda ang palatandaan ng
pagkabigla, sapamamagitan ng kulay ng mukha o
katangian ng pulsonito.
10. Fishermen cool the area as quickly as possible for burns and 4 3 2 1
scalds.
Agarang pinalalamig ng mgamangingisda ang lugar upang
maibsan ang mga paso at lapnos sakatawan
11. Fishermen recognize the hazards of transporting a patient 4 3 2 1
with injury of pelvis and/or spine and demonstrates the
correct procedures for the transport of such casualties.

5
 Natutukoy ng mgamangingisda ang mg amaaaring maging
panganib sa pagdadala ng pasyente na may bali sa
balakang at/o sa buto maging sa pagpapakita ng tamang
pamamaraan para sa pagdadala sa mga ito.
12. Fishermen improvise bandaging by available means. 4 3 2 1
Naka-iimbento ng mga paraan sa pagbibenda ang
mgamangingisda
13. Skills for wearing a lifejacket is a must for all fishermen. 4 3 2 1
Kinakailanganna may kaalaman sa pagsuot ng lifejacket ang
lahat ng mangingisda.
14. Fishermen must know how to keep afloat without a 4 3 2 1
lifejacket Kinakailangang marunong ang mga mangingisda
kung paano mapananatiling nakalutang sa dagat kahit wala
itong lifejacket.
15. Fishermen must know how to operate location devices, 4 3 2 1
including radio equipment
Nararapat na may sapat na kaalaman ang mga
mangingisda kung paano patakbuhin/gamitin ang mga
aparato sa panlokasyon, kabilang ang mga kagamitang
panradyo.
16. Fishermen are familiar to survival craft and appliances (e.g. 4 3 2 1
rescue boat, float-free launching, immersion suit, inflatable
appliance, thermal protective aid or anti-exposure suits or
launching appliance)
Pamilyar para sa mga mangingisda ang kaligtasang
ginagawa sa bapor maging sa mga kasangkapan nito (hal.
rescue boat, float-free launching, immersion suit, inflatable
appliance, thermal protective aid o anti-exposure suit o
launching appliance)
17. Fishermen must know all types of emergencies leading to 4 3 2 1
fires or foundering of ships (e.g. Collision, stranding, adverse
reaction of dangerous goods or hazardous bulk materials,
shifting of cargo, engine-room explosion or fire or hull
failure)
Kinakailangang malaman ng mgamangingisda ang lahat ng
uri ng aksidentena‘di inaasahan at humahantong sa
pagkasunog o pagkalubog ngbarko (hal. pagbangga,
pagkasadsad, mgahindiinaasahangpanganibsakalakal o
mabibigat na materyales, paglilipat ng kargamento,
pagsabog sa silid ng makina o pagkasunog ng bahagi ng
barko)
18. Heat stroke, exposure to cold and hypothermia are 4 3 2 1
considered dangers to floating survivors.

5
 Tinuturing na mapanganib sa mga floating survivors ang
heat stroke, pagkakalantad sa lamig at hypothermia.
19. Fire can be extinguished by removing one of the elements 4 3 2 1
such as heat, oxygen and fuel.
Maaaringmapatay ang apoy sa pamamagitan ng pag-
alis/pagtanggal ng oxygen at gasolina, maging ang init na
nagmumula rito.
20. Water hydrants can be used to extinguish solid fire. (e.g. 4 3 2 1
paper, wood, coal, cardboard, and other solid fuel fires)
Maaaring gamitin ang mga water hydrant upang mapatay
ang matitinding pag-apoy. (hal. papel, kahoy, karbon,
karton, at iba pang solid fuel na maaaring pagmulan din
nito)
21. Foam extinguisher can be used to extinguish liquid fire. (e.g. 4 3 2 1
petrol, oil and paint)
Maaaring gamitin ang foam extinguisher upangpatayin ang
mga uri ng liquid fire o mga likidong pag-apoy (hal. petrolyo,
langis at pintura)
22. Wet blanket is appropriate for extinguishing oil fire. (e.g. 4 3 2 1
cooking oils and fats)
Ang nararapat gamitin ay basang kumot upang mapatay ang
apoy na dulot ng langis. (hal. Mga mantika sa pagluluto)
23. Fishermen must comply with emergency procedures in 4 3 2 1
taking action on discovering potential emergency, including
fire, collision, foundering and ingress of water into the boat.
Nararapat na ang mgamaninigisda’y sumunod sa mga
pamamaraang pang-emerhensiya o emergency sa paggawa
ng aksyon atpagtuklas ng mga maaring maging sanhi ng
mga ito, tulad ng sunog, banggaan, paglubog at pagpasok
ng tubig sa bangka.
24. Fishermen must know how to communicate clearly and 4 3 2 1
effectively with boat mates and those in government
authority.
Nararapat na may sapat na kaalaman ang mga
mangingisda kung paano makipag-usap nang
tama/malinaw at epektibo sa mga kasamahan nito sa
bangka at maging sa mga nasa awtoridad ng gobyerno.
25. Fishermen recognize the effects of drug and alcohol abuse 4 3 2 1
while working.
Natutukoy ng mga mangingisda ang maaaring maging
epekto ng paggamit ng droga at alak habang
nagtatrabaho.

5
SECTION III: RESPONDENTS’ AWARENESS ON MARINE POLLUTION
KAMALAYAN NG MGA RESPONDENTE SA MGA POLUSYON SA DAGAT
DIRECTION: Encircle the number that indicates your level of
awareness on marine pollutant according to the
following rating scale:

4 - Very much aware (VMA)

3 - Aware (A)
2 - Moderately Aware (MA)
1 - Unaware (U)

Indicators of Marine Pollution (Mga paalala sa polusyon sa dagat) VA A NA U

1. There are legal requirements and procedures to protect the 4 3 2 1
marine environment from pollution by boats.
May mga legal na pamamaraan at kagamitan upang
maprotektahan ang yamang tubig mula sa polusyon na
dulot ng mga bangka.
2. Plastic is one of the major sources of marine pollution. 4 3 2 1
Pinagmumulan ng polusyon sa dagat ang plastik
3. Sewage enters into the ocean water through rivers and 4 3 2 1
pollutes the marine life.
Dumadaloy ang dumi sa alkantarilya sa tubig ng
karagatan sa pamamagitan ng mga ilog at nagpaparumi
sa dagat
4. Oil spills lead to the death of thousands of innocent marine 4 3 2 1
animals due to suffocation and toxic effects of it.
Nag dudulot ng pagkamatay ng libu-libong mga
inosenteng hayop sa karagatan ang pagtagas ng langis
galing sa barko dahilan sa epekto nito na pagkasakal at
pagkalason sa mga
ito
5. Ocean pollution is also caused by to the toxins and 4 3 2 1
chemicals which enter into seawater through industrial &
agricultural wastes.
Sanhi polusyon sa karagatan ang mga lason at kemikal na
pumapasok sa tubig-dagat dahil sa basurang/duming
nagmumula sa mga industriya at pang-agrikultura.
6. Greenhouse gases emitted from fossil fuel are responsible 4 3 2 1
for marine pollution, causing acidification of water.
Nagiging sanhi ng pag-asidipikasyon ng tubig/acidification
of water ang greenhouse gases na ibinubuga mula sa
fossil fuel na may pananagutan sa polusyon sa dagat
5
7. Operational recklessness offshore has an effect on marine 4 3 2 1
pollution.
Ang kawalang-ingat sa pagpapatakbo ng mga operasyon
sa malapit sa baybayin ay may dulot na polusyon sa
dagat.

SALAMAT PO!
SA INYONG PAKIKIBAHAGI SA AMING PANANALIKSIK

Prepared by
ENGR. JOICE ANNE S. NICART
Head – RCES

Isinalin sa wikang Filipino

Bb. Lina C. Vedaragoza
Guro - SHS

5
CURRICULUM VITAE

5
KAYLA MARIEL O. EVANGELISTA

Bldg 16 Rm 104 Filinvest Socialized Housing Alabang Muntinlupa

City
[email protected]
09291217649

PERSONAL INFORMATION

DATE OF BIRTH : July 16, 1999

PLACE OF BIRTH : Malolos City Bulacan
AGE : 23 years old
GENDER : Female
CIVIL STATUS : Single
CITIZENSHIP : Filipino
RELIGION : Christian
HEIGHT : 5’0
WEIGHT : 67klg
MOTHER’S NAME : Violeta O. Evangelista
OCCUPATION : OFW
FATHER’S NAME : Mario D. Evangelista
OCCUPATION : Driver

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY Philippine Merchant Marine School

2022-PRESENT San Antonio Valley Road, Talon 1, Las Piñas City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STI College Alabang

2016-2018 RZB Bldg. Interior Montillano St. Alabang
Muntinlupa City

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL San Roque Catholic School

2012-2016 Mendiola Street, Alabang Muntinlupa City

ELEMENTARY San Pablo Elementary School

2005-2012 San Pablo Hagonoy Bulacan

6
JAN DENDER VON S. DEREQUITO

L3A-5 Easterview Park Subd. GB 1 San Mateo Rizal

[email protected]
09465860915

PERSONAL INFORMATION

DATE OF BIRTH : January 27, 2001

PLACE OF BIRTH : Marikina City
AGE : 21
GENDER : Male
CIVIL STATUS : Single
CITIZENSHIP : Filipino
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
HEIGHT : 5’10
WEIGHT : none
MOTHER’S NAME : Onalyn S. Derequito
OCCUPATION : Teacher
FATHER’S NAME : N/A
OCCUPATION : N/A

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY Philippine Merchant Marine School

2022-PRESENT San Antonio Valley Road, Talon 1, Las Piñas City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Eatern Star Academy

2018-2020 San Mateo Rizal

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Christian Care Academy

2014-2018 San Mateo Rizal

ELEMENTARY Christian Care Academy

2007-2014 San Mateo Rizal

6
MANIE ROSE S. GOMEZ

Talon 3, Las Pinas City

[email protected]
094855990892

PERSONAL INFORMATION

DATE OF BIRTH : June 13, 2000

PLACE OF BIRTH : Tiaong del rosario
AGE : 22
GENDER : Female
CIVIL STATUS : Single
CITIZENSHIP : Filipino
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
HEIGHT : 4’11
WEIGHT : 39 klg
MOTHER’S NAME : Milagros Gomez
OCCUPATION : None
FATHER’S NAME : Rodolfo Gomez
OCCUPATION : None

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY Philippine Merchant Marine School

2022-PRESENT San Antonio Valley Road, Talon 1, Las Piñas City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Philippine Merchant Marine School

2017-2019 San Antonio Valley Road, Talon 1, Las Piñas City

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Payapa National Highschool

2012-2017 Lemery Batangas

ELEMENTARY Talon 3 Elementary School

2007-2012 Las pinas City

6
ERIKA C. YECYEC

Macopa St. Golden Acres Talon 5 Las pinas City

[email protected]
09456737618

PERSONAL INFORMATION

DATE OF BIRTH : September 4, 2000

PLACE OF BIRTH : Bacoor Cavitee
AGE : 22
GENDER : Female
CIVIL STATUS : Single
CITIZENSHIP : Filipino
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
HEIGHT : 5’3
WEIGHT : 40 klg
MOTHER’S NAME : Rosalie Yecyec
OCCUPATION : None
FATHER’S NAME : Eletacie Yecyec
OCCUPATION : Driver

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY Philippine Merchant Marine School

2022-PRESENT San Antonio Valley Road, Talon 1, Las Piñas City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Mary Immaculate Parish Special School

2017-2019 Las Piñas City

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Golden Acres National High School

2012-2017 Las pinas City

ELEMENTARY Talon 3 Elementary School

2007-2012 Las pinas City

6
MARIAN L. SAN PEDRO

Brgy. Old Bulihan Silang,Cavite

[email protected]
09664587179

PERSONAL INFORMATION

DATE OF BIRTH : October 3, 2000

PLACE OF BIRTH : Magsaysay Occ. Mindoro
AGE : 22
GENDER : Female
CIVIL STATUS : Single
CITIZENSHIP : Filipino
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
HEIGHT : 5’2
WEIGHT : 37 klg
MOTHER’S NAME : Gina San pedro
OCCUPATION : Vendor
FATHER’S NAME : Mario San pedro
OCCUPATION : Vendor

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY Philippine Merchant Marine School

2022-PRESENT San Antonio Valley Road, Talon 1, Las Piñas City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL University of Perpetual Help System GMA Campus

2018-2020 San Gabriel GMA Cavite

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Bulihan Integrated National HighSchool

2012-2017 Bulihan, Silang Cavite

ELEMENTARY Bulihan Sites and Services Project

Elementary School
2007-2014 Bulihan, Silang Cavite

6
JHONA MHAY MANALO

17 Sunflower St. Talon 4 Talon Village Las pinas City

[email protected]
09120792036

PERSONAL INFORMATION

DATE OF BIRTH : May 01, 2001

PLACE OF BIRTH : PGH Manila
AGE : 21
GENDER : Female
CIVIL STATUS : Single
CITIZENSHIP : Filipino
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
HEIGHT : 5’2
WEIGHT : 47 klg
MOTHER’S NAME : Juliet Manalo
OCCUPATION : OFW
FATHER’S NAME : Jeonald Manalo
OCCUPATION : None

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY Philippine Merchant Marine School

2022-PRESENT San Antonio Valley Road, Talon 1, Las Piñas City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Arandia College

2018-2020 Airport Village, Paranaque City

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL San Agustin National Highschool

2014-2014 San Agustin 2 Naujan Oriental Mindoro

ELEMENTARY Santiago Garong Memorial Elementary School

2007-2014 San Agustin 2 Naujan Oriental Mindoro

6
DONNA ANGELICA J. DONINA

Blk 24 Lot 41 Greenvalley San Nicolas 3 Bacoor Cavite

[email protected]
09568832170

PERSONAL INFORMATION

DATE OF BIRTH : November 23, 2000

PLACE OF BIRTH : Pasay City
AGE : 21
GENDER : Female
CIVIL STATUS : Single
CITIZENSHIP : Filipino
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
HEIGHT : 5’3
WEIGHT : none
MOTHER’S NAME : Rudora Donina
OCCUPATION : None
FATHER’S NAME : Antonio Donina
OCCUPATION : Seaman

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY Philippine Merchant Marine School

2022-PRESENT San Antonio Valley Road, Talon 1, Las Piñas City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Academy for Christian Education

2018-2019 Airport Village, Paranaque City

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Academy for Christian Education

2016-2017 Bacoor Cavite

ELEMENTARY Academy for Christian Education

2012-2013 Bacoor Cavite

6
LUIS V. DE VERA JR

Flushing Meadows Sports Complex Buenos Aires St. Bf Int’l

Las pinas City
[email protected]
09157879429

PERSONAL INFORMATION

DATE OF BIRTH : October 14, 1999

PLACE OF BIRTH : Pangasinan
AGE : 23
GENDER : Male
CIVIL STATUS : Single
CITIZENSHIP : Filipino
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
HEIGHT : 5’7
WEIGHT : 96kg
MOTHER’S NAME : Ermelinda De Vera
OCCUPATION : None
FATHER’S NAME : Luis De Vera
OCCUPATION : Manager & Tennis Coach

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY Philippine Merchant Marine School

2022-PRESENT San Antonio Valley Road, Talon 1, Las Piñas City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Olivarez College

2018-2019 Paranaque City

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL CAA National Highschool Main

2016-2017 Las pinas City

ELEMENTARY Talon 3 Elementary School

2012-2013 Las pinas City

6
RALPH ARISH S. CALMITA

166 Chua Compound Las Pinas City.

[email protected]
09564003672

PERSONAL INFORMATION

DATE OF BIRTH : August 14, 2000

PLACE OF BIRTH : Las Pinas City
AGE : 22
GENDER : Male
CIVIL STATUS : Single
CITIZENSHIP : Filipino
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
HEIGHT : 5’8
WEIGHT : 80kg
MOTHER’S NAME : Madelyn Calmita
OCCUPATION : Area Manager
FATHER’S NAME : Joey Calmita
OCCUPATION : Security Guard

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY Philippine Merchant Marine School

2022-PRESENT San Antonio Valley Road, Talon 1, Las Piñas City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Holy Rosary Academy

2018-2019 Las pinas City

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Las pinas National High School Main

2016-2017 Las pinas City

ELEMENTARY Pulang Lupa Elementary School

2012-2013 Las pinas City

6
LEA MAE S. HALLARE

Greengate Homes Phase 1 Blk 4 Malagasang 2-A Imus Cavite

[email protected]
09707315693

PERSONAL INFORMATION

DATE OF BIRTH : October 9, 1999

PLACE OF BIRTH : Imus Cavite
AGE : 23
GENDER : Female
CIVIL STATUS : Single
CITIZENSHIP : Filipino
RELIGION : Born Again Christian
HEIGHT : 5’7
WEIGHT : None
MOTHER’S NAME : Editha Hallare
OCCUPATION : None
FATHER’S NAME : Jerry Hallare
OCCUPATION : Tricycle Driver

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY Philippine Merchant Marine School

2022-PRESENT San Antonio Valley Road, Talon 1, Las Piñas City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Unida Christian Colleges

2018-2020 Imus Cavite

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Imus National Highschool

2014- 2018 Imus Cavite

ELEMENTARY Malagasang 2-A Elementary School

2007-2014 Imus Cavite

6
ALDWIN M. ASTORGA

Blk 6 lot 1 Greentown Village 1 Mambog 2, Bacoor Cavite

[email protected]
09157879429

PERSONAL INFORMATION

DATE OF BIRTH : October 14, 1999

PLACE OF BIRTH : Pangasinan
AGE : 23
GENDER : Male
CIVIL STATUS : Single
CITIZENSHIP : Filipino
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
HEIGHT : 5’7
WEIGHT : 96kg
MOTHER’S NAME : Rubilita M. Astorga
OCCUPATION : None
FATHER’S NAME : Arturo C. Astorga
OCCUPATION : Grab Driver

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY Philippine Merchant Marine School

2022-PRESENT San Antonio Valley Road, Talon 1, Las Piñas City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Olivarez College

2018-2019 Paranaque City

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL CAA National Highschool Main

2016-2017 Las pinas City

ELEMENTARY Talon 3 Elementary School

2012-2013 Las pinas City

7
FE AIRA MAY SUMOD-ONG

Villa Celina Pulang lupa dos Las Pinas City

[email protected]
09498285922

PERSONAL INFORMATION

DATE OF BIRTH : August 14, 1999

PLACE OF BIRTH : PGH Manila
AGE : 23
GENDER : Female
CIVIL STATUS : Single
CITIZENSHIP : Filipino
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
HEIGHT : 5’2
WEIGHT : 70 klg
MOTHER’S NAME : Mafe S. Callenero
OCCUPATION : Collector
FATHER’S NAME : Efren S. Callenero
OCCUPATION : OFW

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY Philippine Merchant Marine School

2022-PRESENT San Antonio Valley Road, Talon 1, Las Piñas City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Saint Mark Institute

2017-2018 Casimiro Las Pinas City

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL CAA National Highschool Main

2014-2016 Las pinas City

ELEMENTARY Legarda Elementary School

2007-2014 Sampaloc Manila

7
FRANCIS C. RATERTA

Blk 1 Lot 3 Garnet St. Manuela Homes Talon Singko Las pinas City
[email protected]
09396338313

PERSONAL INFORMATION

DATE OF BIRTH : July 20, 1999

PLACE OF BIRTH : Basco Batanes
AGE : 23
GENDER : Male
CIVIL STATUS : Single
CITIZENSHIP : Filipino
RELIGION : Roman Catholic
HEIGHT : 5’7
WEIGHT : None
MOTHER’S NAME : Emma C. Raterta
OCCUPATION : None
FATHER’S NAME : Genaro C. Raterta
OCCUPATION : Farmer/Fisherman

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

TERTIARY Philippine Merchant Marine School

2022-PRESENT San Antonio Valley Road, Talon 1, Las Piñas City

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL Mahatao National High School

2018-2020 Mahatao Batanes

JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL Mahatao National Highschool

2014-2018 Mahatao Batanes

ELEMENTARY Mahatao Elementary School

2007-2014 Mahatao Batanes

7
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