BLENDER

With Blender, your imagination is the limit for what you can
create in the 3D world.
BEFORE STARTING
Blender is an open-source 3D software for creating high-quality images and
animations.

One of the most important elements of 3D modeling is

the polygon mesh, which is composed of 3 or 4-sided
polygons joined together to form a 3D object.Polygons
with 4 sides are called quads.
"Polygons with more than 5 sides are called ngons, Qu
ad
and they can present issues in the mesh topology,
which is why it is recommended to avoid using ngons
in polygonal modeling."
Why ngons are not used?
If a graphics card reads an ngon polygon, it may
have trouble rendering it correctly because ngons
lack uniform and regular geometry. This can result in
an irregular and distorted visual appearance of the
3D model on the graphics card. In addition, ngons
cannot be subdivided into triangles or quads
uniformly, which can cause issues in the texturing,
animation, and rendering process. Therefore, it is
recommended to avoid using ngons in the polygon
mesh to achieve the best visual quality and
performance in graphics.
Modeling with Quads

It is also essential to reduce the number of polygons to the minimum required to achieve the
best resolution and visual appearance of the model. A model with too many polygons can
slow down real-time performance and make texturing and animation more difficult. Therefore,
it is important to find a balance between the number of polygons and the necessary
resolution to achieve the best visual quality and performance in 3D modeling.

Low Poly High Poly

3D Printing

The principles of avoiding ngons and optimizing the

polygon count are particularly important in the context
of game engines, where real-time performance is
crucial. In 3D printing, however, the process is
different, as the 3D geometry is converted into a
physical object. In this case, the goal is to achieve the
best possible resolution and visual quality in the
model, which may require an increase in the polygon
count. However, it is important to keep in mind that a
3D model with too many polygons can significantly
increase processing time and printing costs.
Therefore, it is important to find a balance between
the polygon count and the necessary resolution to
achieve the best visual quality and the most efficient
processing time and cost in 3D printing.
We install Blender

https://www.blender.org/download/
Navigation in Blender

Moving the scene view:

Control + Press mouse wheel - Zoom
Shift + Press mouse wheel - Displace
Press mouse wheel - Rotate
The coordinate system of Blender

The coordinate system of Blender is

recognized by the following colors:
Red for the X-axis.
Green for the Y-axis.
Blue for the Z-axis.
selection tool
Blender tools
cursor tool

move tool - G

Rotate tool - R

Scale tool - S

transform tool

Annotate tool

Measure tool

Create Shape
 Create shape

To create an object, I select

the tool, click on the scene
and drag.

To center the view on an

object in Blender, you can
select the object and press
"Shift + C" to center the
scene view on the object's
point of origin.
scene objects

It shows the objects that I

have in the scene, to delete
an object I select it and
press the X key
Exercise
Create geometric
shapes and with the
move, shift and rotate
tool, form the robot of
the image
Units of measurement and Object dimensions
To change the units of measurement in Blender,
To assign dimensions to an object in Blender
Open the "Scene Properties" panel by clicking on the
Press the N key and go to the "Item" section. Here, you
"Properties" button on the right side of the 3D viewport.
can set the dimensions of the object along the X, Y,
and Z axes."
Join and Separate
To join objects in Blender, select the objects you want to join and press Ctrl+J. This will
combine the selected objects into a single object.
By holding down the Shift key, you can select multiple objects at once in Blender.

To separate the joined objects in Blender, select the union and press Tab key,
followed by the P key. From there, select the "By Loose Part" option to separate
the unconnected parts into individual objects. Then, press Tab again to exit the
edit mode.
Modifier Properties
Los modificadores en Blender are tools that allow you to alter the
geometry of an object without modifying the underlying mesh. Some
of the most common modifiers in Blender include:

Mirror: This modifier creates a specular copy of the object along the
axis you select, which is useful for modeling symmetrical objects.

Array: This modifier creates multiple copies of an object in a defined

pattern, which is useful for creating repetitions in objects such as
stairs or bricks.

Boolean: This modifier allows you to combine objects using boolean

operations, such as union, intersection, and difference.
Mirror Modifier
The Mirror modifier in Blender allows you to create a symmetry of the object along the x, y, or z axis. To create
symmetry, you first need to assign the symmetry axis. You can create the symmetry axis by adding an Empty
object and setting it to Plain Axis (menu bar - Add -> Empty -> Plain Axis). The plane axis should be located at
0,0,0 to ensure proper symmetry.

Plain Axis
Mirror Modifier
Once you have created the Plain Axis, select the object and add the Mirror modifier. In the modifier, under "Mirror
Object", select the Plain Axis you created. Then, select the axis along which you want to create the symmetry.
Mirror Modifier
When you want to create symmetry for multiple objects in Blender, it is
recommended to first join them all together and apply a Mirror modifier to the
union.
Array Modifier
Creates multiple copies of an object in a defined pattern, which is useful for
creating repetitions in objects such as stairs or bricks.

DISTANCE
Array Modifier
In Blender, you can add as many modifiers as you want to an object, with the changes being
saved from each previous modifier. For example, you can add an Array modifier to repeat an
object three times in the X direction, then add another Array modifier to repeat the three
objects three times in the Y direction. Finally, you can add another modifier to repeat the
nine objects in the Z direction.
To create the drawing in the image
Radial Array Modifier
To create a radial symmetry in Blender, follow these steps:
1. Place the 3D cursor at the center of the scene by selecting
the "Cursor" tool, pressing Shift+S and choosing "Cursor
to World Origin".
2. Create the object you want to duplicate radially and move
it away from the center.
3. Align the object's pivot point with the 3D cursor by
selecting "Object" -> "Set Origin" -> "Origin to 3D
Cursor".
4. Create an Empty object and set its type to "Plain Axes"
by selecting "Add" -> "Empty" -> "Plain Axes".
5. Select the object you want to duplicate and add an Array
modifier to it. Set the number of repetitions you want and
disable "Relative Offset" and enable "Object Offset".
6. In the "Object Offset" section of the modifier, select the
Empty object you just created.
7. Finally, select the "Rotate" tool and rotate the Empty
object around the Z axis to create the desired radial
duplication.
With these steps, you can create a radial symmetry in Blender.
To create the drawing in the image
Boolean Modifier
This modifier allows you to combine objects using boolean operations, such as union, intersection, and
difference.
Boolean Modifier
To perform a boolean operation in Blender, follow these
steps:

1. Create two overlapping objects in your scene.

2. Select the object you want to subtract from and
add a "Boolean" modifier to it.
3. In the modifier, select "Difference" as the
operation.
4. In the "Object" field, select the object you want to
use for the boolean operation.
5. Disable the "Eye" icon for the object you used to
create the boolean operation. This will hide it
from the scene but keep its effect on the other
object.
6. Adjust the boolean operation as needed by
tweaking the objects' positions and the boolean
modifier settings.
With these steps, you can use the boolean modifier in
Blender to subtract one object from another.
To create the drawing in the image
3D text in Blender
To create 3D text in Blender, follow these steps:

1. Select "Add" > "Text" to create a text object.

2. Press the "Tab" key to enter edit mode, and
type in the text you want to create.
3. Press "Tab" again to exit edit mode.
4. In the "Object Data Properties" panel, set the
resolution to 30 in the "Shape" section.
5. In the "Geometry" section, adjust the
"Extrude" value to give the text thickness.
6. In the "Font" section, choose the font you
want to use.
7. In the "Paragraph" section, adjust the
"Spacing" value to control the distance
between letters (for 3D printing, you may
want to set this to zero).
8. Convert the text object to a mesh object by
selecting "Object" > "Convert" > "Mesh from
Curve/Meta/Surf/Text".
To create the drawing in the image with your name,

USE THE MEASUREMENTS OF THE IMAGE

Modeling
"Modeling" is the editing mode used to modify a 3D mesh by selecting vertices, edges, or faces.

We can do mesh transformations through the selection of vertices, segments or faces

Modeling
The mesh is formed by the wireframe, it shows a network of lines that connect vertices
and edges forming the faces. the more faces we have, the more moldable the mesh
will be
To increase the number of faces, we select the entire object "Select -> All" + right mouse button +
subdivide
modeling tools
The extrusion tool in Blender allows you to extend parts of a 3D object along its normal, thereby creating new geometry. This tool is used
with face selection.

To insert one face into another in Blender. This tool is used with face selection.

To create beveled edges, you can use the "chamfer" technique, which involves rounding a corner.

To insert segments in Blender.

To make cuts on a plane in Blender

To move vertices in Blender

To smooth the mesh in Blender

To move segments in Blender

To move faces, vertices, or edges along their normals

To deform the object in the direction of the view of the scene in Blender

To separate a section by selecting vertices in Blender

Sew vertices
When we have separate vertices, we can merge them with the merge tools.
1. We select the vertices we want to sew.
2. Right-click on the mouse -> Merge vertices -> At center.
connect edges. Bridge
To connect edges, you must first remove the face, select the opposite edges,
right-click and select Bridge Edge Loops
Exercise
look for a 3d low poly spaceship, and model the one you like best