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Java Method References
Java provides a new feature called method
reference in Java 8. Method reference is
used to refer method of functional
interface. It is compact and easy form of
lambda expression. Each time when you
are using lambda expression to just
referring a method, you can replace your
lambda expression with method reference.
In this tutorial, we are explaining method
reference concept in detail.
Types of Method References
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There are following types of method
references in java:
1. Reference to a static method.
2. Reference to an instance method.
3. Reference to a constructor.
1) Reference to a Static
Method
You can refer to static method defined in
the class. Following is the syntax and
example which describe the process of
referring static method in Java.
Syntax
1. ContainingClass::staticMethodName
Example 1
In the following example, we have defined
a functional interface and referring a static
method to it's functional method say().
interface Sayable{
void say();
public class MethodReference {
public static void saySomething(){
System.out.println("Hello, this is static meth
public static void main(String[] args) {
// Referring static method
Sayable sayable = MethodReference::saySo
// Calling interface method
sayable.say();
Test it Now
Output:
Hello, this is static method.
Example 2
In the following example, we are using
predefined functional interface Runnable to
refer static method.
public class MethodReference2 {
public static void ThreadStatus(){
System.out.println("Thread is running...");
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t2=new Thread(MethodReference2:
t2.start();
Test it Now
Output:
Thread is running...
Example 3
You can also use predefined functional
interface to refer methods. In the following
example, we are using BiFunction interface
and using it's apply() method.
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
class Arithmetic{
public static int add(int a, int b){
return a+b;
public class MethodReference3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BiFunction<Integer, Integer, Integer>adder = Arit
int result = adder.apply(10, 20);
System.out.println(result);
Test it Now
Output:
30
Example 4
You can also override static methods by
referring methods. In the following
example, we have defined and overloaded
three add methods.
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
class Arithmetic{
public static int add(int a, int b){
return a+b;
public static float add(int a, float b){
return a+b;
public static float add(float a, float b){
return a+b;
public class MethodReference4 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BiFunction<Integer, Integer, Integer>adder1 = Ar
BiFunction<Integer, Float, Float>adder2 = Arithm
BiFunction<Float, Float, Float>adder3 = Arithmet
int result1 = adder1.apply(10, 20);
float result2 = adder2.apply(10, 20.0f);
float result3 = adder3.apply(10.0f, 20.0f);
System.out.println(result1);
System.out.println(result2);
System.out.println(result3);
Test it Now
Output:
30
30.0
30.0
2) Reference to an Instance
Method
like static methods, you can refer instance
methods also. In the following example,
we are describing the process of referring
the instance method.
Syntax
1. containingObject::instanceMethodName
Example 1
In the following example, we are referring
non-static methods. You can refer methods
by class object and anonymous object.
interface Sayable{
void say();
public class InstanceMethodReference {
public void saySomething(){
System.out.println("Hello, this is non-
static method.");
public static void main(String[] args) {
InstanceMethodReference methodReference
// Referring non-
static method using reference
Sayable sayable = methodReference::say
// Calling interface method
sayable.say();
// Referring non-
static method using anonymous object
Sayable sayable2 = new InstanceMethod
// Calling interface method
sayable2.say();
Test it Now
Output:
Hello, this is non-static method.
Hello, this is non-static method.
Example 2
In the following example, we are referring
instance (non-static) method. Runnable
interface contains only one abstract
method. So, we can use it as functional
interface.
public class InstanceMethodReference2 {
public void printnMsg(){
System.out.println("Hello, this is instance m
public static void main(String[] args) {
Thread t2=new Thread(new InstanceMethodR
t2.start();
Test it Now
Output:
Hello, this is instance method
Example 3
In the following example, we are using
BiFunction interface. It is a predefined
interface and contains a functional method
apply(). Here, we are referring add method
to apply method.
import java.util.function.BiFunction;
class Arithmetic{
public int add(int a, int b){
return a+b;
public class InstanceMethodReference3 {
public static void main(String[] args) {
BiFunction<Integer, Integer, Integer>adder = new
int result = adder.apply(10, 20);
System.out.println(result);
Test it Now
Output:
30
3) Reference to a Constructor
You can refer a constructor by using the
new keyword. Here, we are referring
constructor with the help of functional
interface.
Syntax
1. ClassName::new
Example
1. interface Messageable{
2. Message getMessage(String msg);
3. }
4. class Message{
5. Message(String msg){
6. System.out.print(msg);
7. }
8. }
9. public class ConstructorReference {
0. public static void main(String[] args) {
1. Messageable hello = Message::new;
2. hello.getMessage("Hello");
3. }
4. }
Test it Now
Output:
Hello
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