Research Kent
Research Kent
THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Iloilo, Philippines
MODULES
A Research Proposal
In partial fulfilment
HAUTEA, CHEISTEAR C.
MANIMBAYAN, KENT S.
FEBRUARY 2021
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Iloilo, Philippines
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
educational systems worldwide made adjustments to help mitigate the adverse impact of the
pandemic. It revised the curriculum, provided technological resources and infrastructure, shifts
the academic calendar, and policies on instructional delivery and assessment. With the serious
threat of the COVID - 19, the educational system switched to modular learning.
Modular instruction which was first introduced by American educators, was described by
John L. Hughes (2000) as an individualized instruction that provides basis for close interaction
between the learners and the subject matter. With the modules, the learners are expected to
respond frequently in the interaction with an instructional program at their learning rate.
Modular instructions catered to the individual learning differences so that learners are prompted
to actively participate in determining what they need to learn. The amount and the pace of their
learning must match with their ability, motivation, and interest, not in comparison with other
In the Philippines, like in other countries, distance learning was resorted to through
online instruction in urban areas where there is connectivity and modular learning in areas
where there is no internet signal. Schools made modules which were self-contained, self-pacing,
short and well-defined, adequately motivating, properly sequenced, providing opportunities for
interaction with learners, clearly written with correct language, accurate, not in conflict with
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Iloilo, Philippines
other subject matter and values, and utilizing every opportunity to achieve learning outcomes
(Torralba, 2020).
Schools catering to basic education up to the tertiary level used modules to implement
the curriculum in the absence of face to face encounter with learners. Whether used as a major
concepts and skills, or as remedial instruction is necessary for slow learners and as advance
instruction for the fast and highly motivated ones, schools used modules to make sure there is
St. Therese-MTC Colleges implemented the flexibility learning modality through print and
electronic modules (e-modules) last academic year 2020-2021 as the main material for
providing instruction to students. Because of the absence of face to face instruction, there were
claims that modular learning is a failure because students were not able to acquire the needed
skills and competencies. Among Marine Engineering students were major subjects needed face
In the light of the situation of Marine Engineering students, this research shall be
conducted to find out how Marine Engineering students perceived effectiveness of learning
perceived how effective modular learning learning in terms of its objectives, content, learning
Theoretical Framework
environmental factors (Chunk, 2012). They also contend that learning involves the formation of
observable phenomena, and reinforcing consequences make the response more likely to occur
whereas punishing consequences make it less likely. The role of environment specifically how
stimuli are arranged and presented and how responses are reinforced are of most important.
Motivation is the process whereby goal-directed activities are instigated and sustained.
As environment properly arranged help learning to occur, teachers should prepare the
environment that will help learners to learn such as arranging activities that suit environment.
Teachers also need to help learners make practice of what they have learned. This is important
as learning is subject to the rate of occurrence of behavior. The practicing is important for
information and knowledge. The schema s are then reorganized to accommodate the new
information and thought patterns are altered. Sensory input is stored for several seconds, and
the information disappears unless it is deemed important. If deemed important, the information
Behaviorist purport that learners should be active in that they should respond to
stimulus in order for learning to occur. In the e-learning or mobile environment, instructors may
require students to require students to answer questions in a discussion forum or via text
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Iloilo, Philippines
workspace such as a wiki or other collaborative workspace. The purpose of this is so that
instructors may observe students understanding of the material; thus, making this different
are to reward any desired behavior in learning. However, to weaken the undesired behavior
learned, teachers should apply punishment. In developing the profession of teaching, teachers
must note that developing professionally has some benefits such as being able to help learners
learn. Increasing the knowledge base, being rewarded economically, and developing/improving
their personal lives. This is to say teachers plan to develop professionally due to these
Research Paradigm
Figure 1 shows the relationship of the independent variable area of location and year level to
Generally, this study will seek to determine the perception of Marine Engineering
entire group?
Null Hypothesis
Definition of terms
In this study it shows how module assess the learning capacity of students in the new
1996).
In this study, modules are the learning materials used to assess students learning which
contains the different parts namely: learning objective, discussion, activities, and assessment. It
Maritime Student. Students are who the one who studies, a scholar at a higher
school, and devoted to study of any subjects, and devoted to books (Cambers 20th century
Dictionary, 2020).
In this study, students refer to someone who is enrolled in St. Therese-MTC Colleges
Engineering.
In this study perceived how effective modular learning learning in terms of its
objectives, content, learning activities, format, organization and presentation and assessment.
STUDENTS. This study will provide information about the perception of Marine
Engineering students on the effectiveness of modules as learning materials for distance learning
which they can use as guide in future utilization of the modules in learning.
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Iloilo, Philippines
PARENTS. This study will provide background to the parents regarding how their
children look at the effectiveness of modules as learning materials thus serve as basis for
schools.
SCHOOL. The result of this study will keep the schools informed about how the
students view the effectiveness of modules as a distance learning tool thus giving the school
administration basis for adjustments in enhancing the modules to make learning more effective.
This study will use the descriptive study method of research design to determine the
The respondents of the study will be the ____ officially enrolled students of St. Therese
MTC Colleges – Magdalo Site during the second semester, A.Y. 2020-2021. The respondents will
be categorized according to their degree program, location of residence and type of modules.
The conduct of the study will start from the month of October and will end in the month of
The research instrument will be administered by sending a link of the Google form in the
Bulletin Group Chat of the instructors of St. Therese MTC Colleges – Magdalo Site. The data will
be tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted using the statistical tools for the descriptive data
analysis are frequency count and percentage, mean, and for the inferential analysis are the T-
CHAPTER II
COVID-19 pandemic is changing the lifestyle of people around the globe. Due to this
In schools, modules were used when distance learning became the mode of learning
because learners cannot go to school anymore. For learners with internet connectivity, online
classes were held. But since majority of learners have no internet connectivity, modular
and Technologies have become increasingly popular in secondary and higher education over the
most recent two decades. In the past few years, South Africa and other nations have
increasingly considered the implications of digital disruption and the 4th Industrial Revolution,
which the maritime education and training sectors are not exempt from. This move towards
Internet based learning has significant potential risks and opportunities for the future of work
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Iloilo, Philippines
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Management Systems (LMSs) such as Blackboard and Moodle May help to facilitate the
Along this line, distance learning, blended learning, online learning, and the effective use
and increased awareness of technologies were among options in the innovative ways of
delivering education as a result of the pandemic (Goh & Sandars, 2020; Iwai, 2020; Jhaveri,
Distance Learning
which the guide and the student are separated geographically. There is no interaction between
students.
education, has now existed for ages. It involves acquiring information from methods other then
the traditional way of gaining knowledge – attending institutions. Some recent definitions have
technology. The technology has now made it possible for the guide and student to connect
almost immediately. Study resources can be delivered instantly through computers, satellites,
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(SLMs) in print or digital format/electronic copy, whichever is applicable in the context of the
learner, and other learning resources like Learner’s Materials, textbooks, activity sheets, study
guides, and other study materials. Learners access electronic copies of learning materials on a
computer, tablet PC, or smart phone. CD, DVD s, USB storage, and computer-based
applications can all be used to deliver e-learning materials, including offline E-books. The
teacher takes the responsibility of monitoring the progress of the learners. The learners may
ask assistance from the teacher via e-mail, telephone, text message/instant messaging, etc.
Where possible, the teacher shall do home visits to learners needing remediation or assistance.
Any member of the family or other stakeholder in the community needs to serve as a para-
Learning is in the form of individualized instruction that allows learners to use self-
learning modules (SLMs) in print or digital format/electronic copy, whichever is applicable in the
context of the learner and other learning resources like Learner’s Materials, textbooks, activity
sheets, study guides, and other study materials. Learners access electronic copies of learning
materials on a computer, tablet PC, or smartphone. CDs, DVDs, USB storage, and computer-
based applications can all be used to deliver e-learning materials, including offline e-books.
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For a module to be effective, it must contain required parts that will help the learners to
gain knowledge from it. To Burge (2000) for a module to be effective, it must have a clear
purpose, must be constructively aligned and must consider the course in context.
An effective module must have clear learning goals or learning outcomes. This refers to
what learners should know, understand and demonstrate after completing the learning tasks.
An effective module should also have learning activities and assessments that are aligned with
the learning outcomes or learning objectives. This means that the learning activities should lead
to the realization of the learning objectives. This refers to the content that should be used and
the support the learners need to achieve learning outcomes and the best way to evaluate what
has been achieved by the learners. Finally, a good module should be designed in a way that will
fit the type of the course, resources available, disciplinary context and national and legal
requirements. Type of the course refers to the length of the course, and level and type of
learners. Resources include people involved, roles they have and support needed. Disciplinary
context involves the manner of teaching the subject and the professional bodies existing that
would accredit the course. While national and legal requirements refer to equality and diversity
legislation, academic infrastructures and internal arrangements which need to be complied with
Related Studies
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Iloilo, Philippines
13
Modular learning in the Philippines is not new. There were already studies conducted
looking into modular learning as a mode of delivery. In fact, the use of module has been in use
already even before the COVID - 19 pandemic came, either as a supplemental learning strategy
Secondary Schools, Dangle, et al (2020), looked into the challenges, opinions and
Their study found out that among the leading challenges encountered can be
categorized into resources, preparedness and communication. Lack of resources affected the
implementation of distance modular learning. Then, teachers, parents and students at certain
levels are ill-prepared to switch to this mode of learning. And keeping in touch with the
learners, their parents and vice versa especially in far flung areas is really difficult.
In their study of Students’ Perception about Modular Teaching and Various Instructional
Strategies, Fatima, et al (2019), tried to determine the perception of students about modular
learning when it comes to certain subjects in the undergraduate level. They found our that 93%
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CHAPTER III
METHODOLOGY
maritime students. In order to test the relative effectiveness of independent variable, i.e., an
instructional paradigm (Modular teaching), the selection of most suitable design for this
experiment was the main step. Campbell and Stanley (1963) postulate a number of factors,
Research Design
maritime students , Therefore, Descriptive research design is used. Descriptive research design
phenomenon, situation, or population (Amaguin, 2008). More specifically, it helps answer the
what, when, where, and how questions regarding the research problem, rather than the why.
The researchers applied the convenience sampling technique,a non probability sampling
technique where subjects are selected because of their convenient accessibility and proximity to
the researchers. The target respondents are (70) seventy College of Marine Transportation
Students and (50) fifty College of Marine Engineering Students studying at St. Therese MTC
Colleges-Magdalo Site who are also officially enrolled during the school year 2021 - 2022.
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Iloilo, Philippines
15
Instrumentation
The research-made instrument was used in gathering data needed for the
study.
The questionnaire was composed of two parts: (1) Personal Information of the
Distance Learning.
Part I, Personal Information, asks about the personal data of the respondents such as
Part II, Questionnaire Proper Maritime Students Perspective Towards Distance Learning,
was composed of 18 items based on the student’s Preference (3) objectives of module, (3)
Content of module, (3) Learning Activities of module, (3) Format of Module, (3) Organization
The respondents checked their chosen answers using the five-point Like-rt scale based
5 Strongly agree
4 Agree
3 Undecided
2 Disagree
1 Strongly disagree
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Iloilo, Philippines
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Validity
The researcher-made questionnaire will be subjected to content validity by the panel
validators. they will be composed of three (3) validators where one is a panel member, second
is an English instructor for the construction and grammar of the items and third will be the
expert in the field and it will be sent by a validation letter that will be signed after validation,
the suggestion of the validate will be used to revise and improve the instrument and be subject
to pilot testing.
Reliability
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Iloilo, Philippines
17
The questionnaire will be pilot tested to other instructor and students who not included
in the real conduct of the study. The Alpha Cronbach Test will be used to determine whether
Permission to conduct the study will be secured from the administrator of St. Therese
MTC Colleges - Magdalo Site, La Paz, Iloilo City. Given the limited face-to-face and strict health
protocol, the validated questionnaire will then be converted to Google forms. The researchers
will distribute the questionnaire with a brief instruction on the manner of answering the items
through online platforms like the Messenger, Google meet or Microsoft Teams.
The research instrument will be administered by sending a link of the Google/MS Forms
analyzed using appropriate statistical tools to answer the statement of the problem. The
confidentiality of all the data gathered will be kept confidentially as per instruction.
Data-Analysis Procedure
between and among variables of the independent and dependent variables. The data will be
analyzed both using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. The following are the
statistical tools to be used. The data will be tabulated, analyzed, and interpreted using the
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Iloilo, Philippines
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statistical tools for the descriptive data analysis are frequency count and percentage, mean, and
CHAPTER 4
Chapter 4 discussed the results of descriptive and inferential data analyses based on the
following questions:
entire group?
The student’s perception of the effectiveness of the learning modules were analyzed
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effectiveness of learning modules (M= 4.22, SD= .400). The marine student’s perception of
effectiveness of learning modules were clustered around the mean indicating less variation in
effectiveness of learning modules (M= 3.96, SD= .340). The perception of the students are less
Standard
Category Mean Description
Deviation
The results revealed no significant difference in the maritime student’s perception on the
effectiveness of the learning modules between BS Marine Engineering students (M= 4.22,
SD=0.40) and BS Marine Transportation students (M= 3.96, SD=0.34), t(121)=3.89, p=0.00,
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Iloilo, Philippines
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two-tailed. The magnitude of difference (MD = 0.26: 95% CI: from 0.13 to 0.39) was very
small (eta-squared=0.111). This implied that the perception on the effectiveness of the learning
modules of BS Marine Engineering students and BS Marine Transportation students are similar.
95%
eta-
Compared Confidence
M SD MD t df p squared
Groups Interval
Lower Upper
Degree Program
BS Marine 4.22 0.40 0.26 0.13 0.39 3.89 121 0.00 0.11
Engineering
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CHAPTER V
Summary of Findings
2. The academic stressors experienced by the BSME students of St. Therese-MTC Colleges
program, area of residence and type of module. There is a significant difference with the
students of St. Therese-MTC Colleges- Magdalo site. This reveals that students
employed different coping mechanism depending on the level of stress they are
experiencing.
Conclusion
To help reduce the stress that the students are going through, the institution must to
consider about implementing a mental health day. In addition, providing students with the
opportunity to participate in a webinar that discusses healthy coping mechanisms will help them
become more conscious of what to do when they are under the strain of academic stress. It is
also very important to encourage students to maintain a good mental well-being since our
mental health has a direct influence on our capacity to learn new things, comprehend new
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Iloilo, Philippines
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ideas, and develop new abilities. It can be challenging for a student to complete their
schoolwork and keep up with their class schedule while they are experiencing symptoms of
Recommendation
break to alleviate the academic stress of the students. This will reduce the academic stress and
academic stress.
Faculty. The instructors must consider to play an active and constructive part in
mentoring and supporting the students in the selection of appropriate methods to deal with
stress.
Guidance Counsellor. Counselling sessions and other students’ support systems must
organized and promoted to cater to the issues like career guidance, healthy coping behaviours,
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REFERENCES
Toohey, S. (1999). Designing Courses for Higher Education. Buckingham: Society for Research
https://Globalscientificjournal.com
https://bmcmededuc.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12909-020-02312-0
https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/tanauan-institute-inc/introduction-to-research/chapter-
2-review-of-related-literature/17436696
https://cyberleninka.org/article/n/297572
https://www.philippineseducation.info/distance-education
https://www.teacherph.com/deped-learning-delivery-modalities/
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Iloilo, Philippines
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QUESTIONNAIRE
Dear Respondents,
PERCEIVED BY MARITIME STUDENTS”. In line with this, we would like to ask your humble
cooperation to answer the questions below. Just fill out the data needed in the questionnaires.
The information gathered will be treated with utmost confidentially. Your true and
The Researchers
ST. THERESE-MTC COLLEGES
COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION PROGRAMS
Iloilo, Philippines
25
Part A. Personal Information. Rest assured that the data you provided will be
Part B. Instruction: Read each item carefully and check the boxes that corresponds
to your answer.
Agree Disagree
Clear
Achievable
Measurable
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Contains
prerequisite activities that
students must complete
before moving on in the
course
Track student progress
through a sequence of
learning activities
Organize course content
by unit, day, week, topic
or Outcome.
Organization and Presentation of the Module
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Provides evidence to
proceed to the next level.