TLE 8 (Front Services) Week 3

Maintaining Tools, Equipment and Paraphernalia

At the end of the lesson you are expected to perform after-care activities for tools, equipment,
and paraphernalia and conduct self-evaluation on the required performance

How to Clean a PC?

Regular cleaning can significantly increase the lifespan of your computer, and if you stay on top of
it, cleaning will only take a few minutes each time. See Step 1 below to get started.
A. Cleaning the Case
1. Setup an area where you can blow dust. You will be using compressed air and a vacuum to
remove the majority of the dust from the inside of your computer, so set up an area that you can
blow dust out without worrying about getting other things dirty. A garage or workbench is a good
choice, or you can go outside if it's a dry day. Try to set up a table so that you can easily access the
computer without having to bend over or set it on the ground.

2. Gather your supplies. You will need a Phillips screwdriver, compressed air (either in a can or via
a compressor), a small vacuum that can fit in narrow crevices, a toothbrush, and 99% isopropyl
alcohol. Do not use an old vacuum with a metal tip, as these are usually poorly grounded and can
damage your components. The best option is a newer handheld vacuum with an extendable plastic
hose. The toothbrush should have soft bristles and should be new.

3. Power down the computer and unplug all of the peripherals. Shut down your computer and
disconnect all of the cables on the back. Make sure that the monitor is unplugged, and that any
USB cables, Ethernet cables, speaker cables, or anything else is unplugged as well. Flip the switch
on the power supply and then remove the power cable.

4. Set the computer on its side. Place the computer on its side on your table or workbench. Make
sure that the connectors on the back are laying closest to the surface. These connectors are
attached to the motherboard and can help you ensure that you remove the correct side panel.

5. Remove the side panel. Remove the screws that hold the side panel in place. These screws can be
found along the back of the computer. Most modern cases have thumbscrews that you can remove
without tools, though you may need to use the screwdriver for older cases or thumbscrews that are
too tight. Set the screws aside so that you don't lose them.

6. Do an initial vacuum. Depending on how long it's been and your environment, you could be
greeted by a pretty gruesome sight. Dust has a tendency to collect and cake on your components,
and the entire inside may be covered in a fine layer of gray. Use your vacuum cleaner to do a pass
over the interior, sucking up the large bits of dust from the components and crevices. Be careful not
to strike any of the components with the vacuum tip as you move it across the interior. Many
components inside are very fragile, and bent pins and connectors can render your hardware
useless.

7. Use the compressed air to blow dust out of crevices. Take your can of compressed air or air
compressor and blow out the hard to reach crevices. Use the vacuum to help reduce the amount of
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dust that scatters in puffs. Avoid long, sustained blasts, as this will make your can of compressed
air too cold to hold. Don't blow compressed air on your fans. Blowing on the fans can make them
spin faster than they are designed to, potentially damaging them.

8. Clean the fans with the vacuum and alcohol. Use the vacuum to remove the large amounts of
dust on the fan blades. Dip your toothbrush into the alcohol, and gently scrub the dust that
remains off of the blades. You may be able to access the fans easier if you remove them fist. You will
need to remove the screws that secure the fan to the chassis, and then disconnect the cable that
connects the fan to the motherboard. Make sure that you note where the fan was plugged in so that
you can easily reconnect it when you're finished cleaning. Make sure to reattach the fan in the same
direction that it was originally installed. Fans blow in one direction, and reversing the direction of
air flow can significantly impact the cooling of your machine. Most fans have an arrow printed on
the top of the housing that indicates which way it blows.

9. Remove components for deep cleaning. While a general vacuum and dusting is usually sufficient
for basic cleaning, you'll want to remove individual components to really get them sparkling again.
Make sure that you are properly grounded before touching any of the internal components. When
you remove the components, set them on an antistatic surface, such as wood or rubber. You can
remove the graphics card by removing the screws that secure it to the case, releasing the tab
underneath, and then gently pulling it straight out. You may have to disconnect power cables in
order to fully remove it. Set the graphics card on your cleaning surface and use the brush and
alcohol to remove stubborn dust. Removing the hard drive and any optical drives can
make it easier to clean them, since they are often tucked away in hard-toreach bays. Removing
these drives typically involves opening both sides of the case so that you can reach the screws
securing each side of the drive. Most optical drives are pulled out of the front of the case after the
screws have been removed. Removing the CPU cooler will allow you to clean out the cracks in
the heat sink, as well as brush the dust out of the fans. Heat sinks attach in a variety of different
ways, so make sure to consult your documentation before trying to remove it. Some require you to
remove a bracket from the backside of the motherboard. If you remove the CPU cooler, you will need
to apply a new layer of thermal paste to the CPU before reattaching it.

11. Dust all of the grates. Depending on your case, you may have some grates for fans and airflow.
Use your compressed air to blow out from the inside of the case, and then run a feather duster over
the grate from the outside.

B. Cleaning the Keyboard

1. Unplug the keyboard. Even if you're just planning on running a vacuum over the keyboard,
unplugging your keyboard first is probably a good idea. This will help reduce the chance of
electrostatic discharge damage.

2. Use the vacuum. You can perform a quick clean of your keyboard by running the tip of the
vacuum over they keys. Press the keys in so that you can reach all of the crevices.

3. Shake the keyboard upside down. Hold your keyboard upside down over a surface that's easy to
clean or that you don't care about (such as outside). Run your hand over the keys while holding the

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keyboard upside down and shake it while you do so. You should see lots of debris shaking out.

4. Remove the keys. If you want to do a deep clean on your keyboard, you'll need to remove each of
the keys so that they can be cleaned and you can access the innards of the keyboard. Removing
keys is a little tedious, but can save you from needing to replace your keyboard when it gets bad.
To remove a key, press the key in front of it down. Insert a flat object such as a car key or flathead
screwdriver under they key you want to remove. Gently pry the key up until it pops off. Repeat this
process until all of the keys have been removed. Space bars can be tricky, so you might want to
leave the space bar attached. Take a photo of your keyboard before removing the keys so that
you have an easy reference for where they're supposed to go back to.

5. Disassemble to keyboard. Once you've taken all of the keys off, you can take the keyboard
housing apart. Flip the keyboard over and unscrew all of the screws holding it together. Separate
the various parts, making sure that you note where everything was connected. Different keyboards
come apart in different ways, and some keyboards may not be able to be disassembled.

6. Wash the components. Once the keyboard has been disassembled, you can start washing most of
the components. Anything that is just plastic can go through the dishwasher or be hand-washed.
The keys can be washed individually by hand, or you can put them in an enclosed dishwasher
basket. Most keyboards will have a rubber contact mat that gives the keys their spring. This is
completely non-electronic and can be run through dishwasher or cleaned with hot water and soap.
Don't wash anything that has a logic board or circuitry, and don't wash any cables. You can hand
clean around these things using rubbing alcohol and a brush.

7. Reassemble the keyboard. Once everything has been washed and been given plenty of time to
dry, you can put everything back together. Rebuild your keyboard, ensuring that all of the
components go back together the same way the came apart. Refer to the picture of your keyboard
when reattaching the keys. You can reattach the keys by simply pressing them directly into their
spot on the keyboard. Make sure that everything is completely dry and cool before putting
everything back together. Any moisture can ruin the keyboard when it is plugged back in.

C. Cleaning the Mouse

1. Unplug the mouse. Before you begin cleaning the mouse, make sure that it has been unplugged
from the computer. This will help prevent any damage to the mouse during the cleaning process.

2. Clean the buttons. Use a cloth or brush dipped in rubbing alcohol and gently scrub the buttons.
Use a toothpick to run through the crevices between buttons and lift out the debris inside. Wipe
down all the surfaces that get touched or rubbed during use.

3. Clean the lens. Turn the mouse over and look at the lens underneath. Blow any excess debris off
with compressed air, and then run a cotton swab dipped in rubbing alcohol around the lens once to
remove stuck dust.

4. Clean the pads. Most mice have small rubber pads along the bottom. These help the mouse glide
over the mousepad. Use a cloth dipped in rubbing alcohol to clean all of the dust and debris that

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has attached to the rubber pads. Give the entire bottom a wipe-down as well.

5. Clean your mousepad. Depending on your pad, you may have accumulated a fine layer of dust
and debris on the surface of the mousepad itself. Most mouse pads are safe to run through the
dishwasher, though your can hand wash them as well.

D. Cleaning the Monitor

1. Power down the monitor. Make sure that the monitor is unplugged disconnected from the
computer. This will help prevent any static buildup.

2. Dust with a dry cloth. Use a microfiber or other soft cloth to very gently dust the screen. Do not
pick at anything or try to scrub away debris. Simply run the cloth back and forth across the screen
to pick up the dust. Don't use paper towels, toilet paper, or facial tissue as these are usually rough
and could damage the screen.

3. Make a cleaning solution. You can purchase specialized cleaning solutions, but you can quickly
and cheaply make one at home by mixing distilled water and white vinegar in a 50/50 solution. Dab
or spray this onto your cloth, and then gently run the cloth across the screen. Never spray cleaning
solution directly onto the screen, as this could seep inside and damage the components. Avoid
cleaning solutions with ammonia, like Windex, or ethyl alcohol.

Learning Task 1: Arrange the given procedures below in cleaning the case of a PC. Write the
number before each sentence.
____1. Use the compressed air to blow dust out of crevices.
____2. Gather your supplies.
____3. Set the computer on its side.
____4. Clean the fans with the vacuum and alcohol.
____5. Setup an area where you can blow dust.
____6. Remove the side panel.
____7. Remove components for deep cleaning.
____8. Dust all of the grates.
____9. Power down the computer and unplug all of the peripherals.
____10. Do an initial vacuum.

Learning Task 2: Arrange the given procedures in cleaning the keyboard. Write the number before
each sentence.
____1. Disassemble to keyboard.
____2. Remove the keys
____3. Reassemble the keyboard.
____4. Wash the components.
____5. Disassemble to keyboard.
____6. Wash the components.
____7. Unplug the keyboard.
____8. Shake the keyboard upside down.
____9. Use the vacuum.

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Learning Task 3: Complete the flow chart about cleaning and storing tools,
equipment and materials in FOS.

Perform Mensuration and Calculations Week 4

At the end of the lesson you are to perform simple calculations and conduct self-evaluation on
required performance.
Units of Time Conversion Chart
Units of time conversion chart are discussed here in hour, minute, second, day, week, month, and
year.
The standard units of time are
1 hour = 60 minutes
1 minute = 60 seconds
1 hour = 60 minutes = 3600 seconds (60 × 60)
1 day = 24 hours
1 week = 7 days
1 year = 365 days
1 year = 12 months
1year = 52 weeks

These are the units of time conversion table. For example:

1. How many minutes are there in a year?
Solution:
We know,
1 year = 365 days
1 day = 24 hours
1 hour = 60 minutes
So one year = (365 × 24 × 60) minutes
= (8760 × 60) minutes
= 525600 minutes

2. How many hours are there in a year?

Solution:
We know,
1 year = 365 days.
1 day = 24 hours.
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So in one year = (365 × 24)
= 7860 hours.

3. How many minutes in 6 hours?

Solution:
We know,
1 hour = 60 minutes.
So 6 hours = (6 × 60) minutes.
= 360 minutes.

4. Convert 220 minutes to hours and minutes.

Solution:
We know that 60 minutes = 1 hour
220 minutes = (220/60) hours
= 3 hours 40 minutes.

RATIOS AND PROPORTIONS

A ratio is a comparison of two quantities that have the same units. You can express a ratio in any
one of the following ways:
18 18:5 18 to 5
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Example #1: If one store has 360 items and another store has 100 of the
same items, express the ratio of the items.
360 or 360:100 or 360 to 100
100
Ratios are usually written in lowest terms; therefore, the above example would reduce in this way:

360 ÷ 20 (What is the largest number you

100 ÷ 20 can divide both values by?)
18
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Example #2: John earns $350 a week. His take-home pay, however, is $295. What is the ratio of his
gross pay to his take-home pay.
350 = 70
295 59
Rates
A rate is a comparison of two quantities that have different units. Rates are
usually expressed in the fractional form.
Example: Francine paid $16 for her 12-month subscription to Better
Homes and Gardens magazine. Express as a rate.
$16.00 = $4.00
12 magazines 3 magazines

If Francine wants to know how much she pays for each (1) magazine, she can
divide $4 by 3 magazines. This will give her the price per magazine (also called
the unit rate).
$4.00 = $1.33/magazine

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Proportions
A proportion is a statement that two ratios or rates are equal. It can be given as a sentence in
words, but most often a proportion is an algebraic equation. The arithmetic equation 3/5 = 21/35 is
proportion because its cross products are equal.
3 × 35 = 105 and 5 × 21 = 105
Proportions are solved by using this cross-product rule.

Applied Proportion Problems

Many problems can be solved by setting up a direct proportion (an increase in one quantity leads to
a proportional increase in the other quantity) or by setting up equivalent rates.

Example: In one day you earn $75 for 8 hours of work. If you work 37.5 hours
for the week, what will your weekly pay be?

Learning Task 1: Solve each ratio and write your answer in its simplest form.
1. 2 to 4
2. 3 to 12
3. 35:7
4. 15
20
4. 7: 4

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Learning Task 2: Solve each proportion and give the answer in simplest form.

Learning Task 3:

Compute for ratio and proportion through the given problem

below. A reservation agent received a call from a guest that there will be a company outing to be
held in their hotel. The caller told them that there will be 300 guests to arrive on Saturday at 2
o'clock in the afternoon. The reservation agent offered a twin sharing room which can accommodate
10 persons in a room. How many rooms will their guests can occupy?