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    BoyceODEch2s2p27 PDF

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    Helal
    This document provides the solution to a problem involving an initial value differential equation. It determines (a) how the behavior of the solution depends on the initial value y0, and (b) the time T when the solution first reaches 3.98 if y0 = 0.5. For part (a), the solution is derived and it is shown that if y0 > 0, the solution converges to y = 4, and if y0 < 0, the solution diverges to -∞. For part (b), the solution is set equal to 3.98 and solved for t, giving T ≈ 3.30.

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    BoyceODEch2s2p27 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Helal
    63 views3 pages
    This document provides the solution to a problem involving an initial value differential equation. It determines (a) how the behavior of the solution depends on the initial value y0, and (b) the time T when the solution first reaches 3.98 if y0 = 0.5. For part (a), the solution is derived and it is shown that if y0 > 0, the solution converges to y = 4, and if y0 < 0, the solution diverges to -∞. For part (b), the solution is set equal to 3.98 and solved for t, giving T ≈ 3.30.

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    This document provides the solution to a problem involving an initial value differential equation. It determines (a) how the behavior of the solution depends on the initial value y0, and (b) the time T when the solution first reaches 3.98 if y0 = 0.5. For part (a), the solution is derived and it is shown that if y0 > 0, the solution converges to y = 4, and if y0 < 0, the solution diverges to -∞. For part (b), the solution is set equal to 3.98 and solved for t, giving T ≈ 3.30.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    63 views3 pages

    BoyceODEch2s2p27 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Helal
    This document provides the solution to a problem involving an initial value differential equation. It determines (a) how the behavior of the solution depends on the initial value y0, and (b) the time T when the solution first reaches 3.98 if y0 = 0.5. For part (a), the solution is derived and it is shown that if y0 > 0, the solution converges to y = 4, and if y0 < 0, the solution diverges to -∞. For part (b), the solution is set equal to 3.98 and solved for t, giving T ≈ 3.30.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 3

    Boyce & DiPrima ODEs 10e: Section 2.

    2 - Problem 27 Page 1 of 3

    Problem 27
    Consider the initial value problem

    y 0 = ty(4 − y)/3, y(0) = y0 .

    (a) Determine how the behavior of the solution as t increases depends on the initial value y0 .

    (b) Suppose that y0 = 0.5. Find the time T at which the solution first reaches the value 3.98.

    Solution

    Part (a)

    This ODE is separable because it is of the form y 0 = f (t)g(y), so it can be solved by separating
    variables.
    dy ty(4 − y)
    =
    dt 3
    Bring the terms with y to the left and bring the terms with t to the right.
    dy t
    = dt
    y(4 − y) 3

    Integrate both sides. ˆ ˆ


    dy t
    = dt
    y(4 − y) 3
    ˆ 
    t2
    
    1 1 1
    + dy = +C
    4 y 4−y 6
    ˆ 
    t2
    
    1 1 1
    − dy = +C
    4 y y−4 6
    Multiply both sides by 4 and evaluate the integral.
    2
    ln |y| − ln |y − 4| = t2 + 4C
    3

    y 2 2
    ln = t + 4C
    y − 4 3
    Exponentiate both sides.
     2 
    y
    = exp 2t + 4C
    y − 4 3
    2 /3
    = e4C e2t

    Introduce ± on the right side to remove the absolute value sign.


    y 2
    = ±e4C e2t /3
    y−4

    Use a new constant A for ±e4C .


    y 2
    = Ae2t /3
    y−4

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    Boyce & DiPrima ODEs 10e: Section 2.2 - Problem 27 Page 2 of 3

    Apply the initial condition y(0) = y0 now to determine A.


    y0
    =A
    y0 − 4
    As a result,
    y y0 2t2 /3
    = e .
    y−4 y0 − 4
    Multiply both sides by y − 4.
    y0 2t2 /3 y0 2t2 /3
    y=y e −4 e
    y0 − 4 y0 − 4
     
    y0 2t2 /3 y0 2t2 /3
    y 1− e = −4 e
    y0 − 4 y0 − 4
    Therefore, the solution is
    2 /3
    −4 y0y−4
    0
    e2t
    y(t) = y0 2t2 /3
    1− y0 −4 e
    2
    4y0 e2t /3
    =
    4 − y0 + y0 e2t2 /3
    2
    4y0 e2t /3
    = .
    4 + y0 (e2t2 /3 − 1)

    Figure 1: This figure shows the direction field for the ODE. In red are possible solutions to the
    ODE, depending what y0 is. If y0 > 0, then the solution converges to y = 4. Otherwise, the
    solution diverges to −∞.

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    Boyce & DiPrima ODEs 10e: Section 2.2 - Problem 27 Page 3 of 3

    Part (b)

    Set y0 = 0.5 and y = 3.98 and solve the equation for t.


    2
    4(0.5)e2t /3
    3.98 =
    4 + 0.5(e2t2 /3 − 1)
    2
    4e2t /3
    3.98 =
    8 + e2t2 /3 − 1
    2 /3
    Multiply both sides by 8 + e2t − 1.
    2 /3 2 /3
    31.84 + 3.98e2t − 3.98 = 4e2t
    2 /3
    27.86 = 0.02e2t
    2 /3
    1393 = e2t
    2t2
    ln 1393 =
    3
    3
    t2 = ln 1393
    2
    Therefore, r
    3
    t= ln 1393 ≈ 3.30.
    2

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