“There may be people that have more talent than you, but there's no excuse for anyone to

work harder than you do.‖ – Derek Jeter.

CHAPTER 1 NATURE AND BACKGROUND

Course Learning Objectives:
At the end of this chapter, the students are expected to:

1. Discuss the brief history of Volleyball

2. Identify the equipment to be used in playing a Volleyabll
3. Create a journal about the history, equipment, and players position in Volleyball

INTRODUCTION:

The game Volleyball was originally known as Mintonette and was invented by William G.
Morgan, physical education director of YMCA, on February 9, 1895 in Holyoke, Massachusetts.
It was Alfred Halstead who named it Volleyball because of one of the skills used in playing
which is volley. As years passed by it gained international popularity because of the enjoyment
and excitement it gave to both players and spectators. Today, it is one of the sports competed in
the Olympics which is held every four years. Its international rules are governed by the FIVB
(Federacion Internacionale de Volleyball).

Volleyball, game played by two teams, usually of six players on a side, in which the
players use their hands to bat a ball back and forth over a high net, trying to make the ball touch
the court within the opponents’ playing area before it can be returned. To prevent this a player
on the opposing team bats the ball up and toward a teammate before it touches the court
surface—that teammate may then volley it back across the net or bat it to a third teammate who
volleys it across the net. A team is allowed only three touches of the ball before it must be
returned over the net.

The Philippine Men's national volleyball team is the national volleyball team
representing Philippines in international competitions and friendly matches. It is governed
by Larong Volleyball sa Pilipinas (LVPI) since 2015.

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DISCUSSION:
Facilities and Equipment in Volleyball
1. Ball- is of two kinds, one is the standard size weighing 9 to 10 ounces and has a
circumference of 25.6 to 26.4 inches, the other type is made up of synthetic material
which is lighter than the standard one and is good for beginners.

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2. Net- Volleyball net is 32 feet long by 3 feet wide. The net for women should be 2.24
meters (7 feet, 4 1/8 inches) high. For men the net should be 2.43 meters (7 feet, 11
5/8 inches) high.

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3. Playing Court-an outdoor volleyball court measures 18x9m, surrounded by a free

zone that is 2 meters wide on all sides. There is a line 3 meters from and parallel to
the net in each team court which is considered the attack line. This 3-meter (or 10
foot) line divides the court into back row and front row areas (also backcourt and
frontcourt)

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4. The Posts and cables-the volleyball net structure is held together by metal cables
and posts. Posts are placed 0.5 to 1.0 meter outside the sidelines and 2.55 meters
high. Posts should be round, smooth, and padded to prevent injury to the players as
they dive or crash into them. Metal wires and cables may need to be covered to
prevent danger among the players.

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Volleyball Court Positions of Players

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OUTSIDE HITTER
The outside hitter – also known as the left-side hitter – attacks from the left antenna and
requires a player with good jumping ability.
The outside hitter is often the focal point of the offense and completes most of the attack hits.
They must be able to adjust to sets coming from any location, as well as hit from the front and
back rows.
On defense, they often receive the serve. Many outside hitters possess good back row skills
and remain in the game for all rotations. They also work with the middle hitter in blocking
opponent’s shots.
Responsibilities:

 Play in both the front and back row.

 Be the go-to hitter.
 One of the primary passers.
 Read the opponent’s defense and call out hitters.
 Block, often with the middle blocker.
OPPOSITE HITTER
This position – also known as the right-side hitter – plays near the right antenna. Opposite
hitters tend to be players who have the most versatility and can excel on both offense and
defense. The opposite hitter also needs to possess solid jumping skills.
Opposite hitters must be able to hit the ball from the front and back rows. They also need to be
ready to set the ball if the setter cannot do it. Defensively, they line up against the opponent’s
outside hitter and need to be able to work with the middle blocker on blocks.
Responsibilities:
 Act as a backup setter on offense.
 Attack the ball when receiving a set.
 Block opponent’s outside hitter.
 Work with the middle hitter on blocks.
 Dig for quick attacks.
SETTER
This position is essentially the quarterback or point guard of the team. A setter runs the team’s
offense. They aim to receive the second touch, setting it for an attacking player. Due to this

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responsibility, they need to have strong communication skills as they direct the offense and
make quick decisions on the court.
A setter should be able to identify the opponent’s blockers and single out which one is the
weakest.
Since they can play in either the front or back row, setters need to be ready to block, dig and
receive a serve on defense.
Responsibilities:
 Run the offense.
 Set the ball for teammates.
 Use a ―dump shot‖ to keep opponents off balance.
 Be a vocal leader.
 Dig and block on defense.
 Identify blockers.
MIDDLE BLOCKER/HITTER
This spot is known as either the middle blocker or middle hitter. The team’s tallest athlete tends
to play here. Their additional height can help the player excel in this role.
On defense, the middle blocker blocks the center area of the net and has to be ready for the
opponent’s quick middle attacks. But they also need to move to either side to help teammates
close blocks with the opposite hitter and outside hitter.
On offense, they play near the setter to execute fast attacks. The middle hitter must be able to
read the setter and adjust their approach to get the most of their attack. They can also act as a
decoy to help confuse opponents and spread out their blockers.
Responsibilities:
 Read the opponent’s hitters to set up blocks.
 Block opponent’s shots.
 Use quick attacks on offense.
 Act as a decoy on offense.
LIBERO
This position focuses on defense. Liberos only play in the back row and often receive the attack
or serve. Players with good passing and defensive skills have the most success at this position.
However, liberos do play a key role on offense. They need to be able to turn the first touch into
a solid pass to the setter. They also may need to set the ball from the back row if the setter isn’t
available.
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Liberos can come in and out of the game as needed and do not count against a team’s
substitutions. They also wear different colored jerseys to distinguish themselves from their
teammates. But there are several things a libero cannot do. They cannot block, set an attack
from the front court or attack the ball above the height of the net.
Responsibilities:
 Replace certain players in the back row.
 Be ready to dig an opponent’s attack.
 Receive the opponent’s serve.
 Set the ball if the setter isn’t available.
DEFENSIVE SPECIALIST
This is another spot that’s all about playing defense. Defensive specialists come in to replace a
player who may not have the right skills for the back row. Unlike the libero, defensive specialists
must make a substitution with the referees. Since teams may only have a certain number of
substitutions depending on their league rules, defensive specialists are limited to certain
situations.
Another key difference between the libero and defensive specialists is that defensive specialists
can play any spot on the court. While a libero will sub out after rotating through the back row, a
defensive specialist can technically stay in and play the front row if needed.
Responsibilities:
 Replace certain players in the back row.
 Be ready to dig or pursue.
 Be ready to play in the front row if needed.
 Play as a back-row hitter.
By better understanding your role on the volleyball court, you’ll be ready to lead your team to a
successful match.
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Basic Skills of Volleyball

Serve-Used to put the ball in play. The action is done with arm swing that sends the ball over the
net into the opponent's court.

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Forearm Pass-Used to receive the ball from your opponents, as in service, or as a technique to
accurately control the ball in a way that eliminates lifting or carrying the
ball. The fundamental action of passing is to rebound the ball off of the forearms (which are held
together tightly with the palms and thumbs positioned together) from a slightly squatted and
balanced position.

Setting- Used to receive a teammate's pass in order that the play may continue by passing the ball
overhead to an attacker. The fundamental action of setting is to contact the ball with the finger

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pads momentarily at the forehead and following through with arms fully extended to the hitting
Target.
.

Kill or Attack-Used to put the ball into the opponent's court in order to earn a point or side out. the
fundamental action of attacking incorporates a quick approach followed by a strong, full arm swing,
and follow-thru.

Block-Used to stop the ball from crossing the net as a result of an opponent's attack. A block is

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effective if it immediately places the ball back into the opponent's court or if it temporarily slows
down the ball in order for a defender to make a dig. The fundamental action of blocking is to stand
facing the net with feet shoulder width apart, arms nearly extended above the head, ready to jump
above the net to deflect the ball back into the opponent's court.

Floor Defense-used to receive the opponent's attack. The key skills are digging and
sprawling. The dig resembles a forearm pass from a low ready position and is used more for balls
that are hit near the defender. The sprawl is a result of an attempted dig for a ball that is hit further
away from the defender and resembles a dive.

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