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Chapter 8 25 PDF

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39 views1 page

Chapter 8 25 PDF

Uploaded by

Alwin Wan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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cen72367_ch08.

qxd 11/4/04 7:14 PM Page 345

345
CHAPTER 8

as discussed previously. The friction factor could also be determined easily


from the explicit Haaland relation (Eq. 8–51). It would give f ⫽ 0.0172,
which is sufficiently close to 0.0174. Also, the friction factor corresponding
to e ⫽ 0 in this case is 0.0171, which indicates that stainless-steel pipes
can be assumed to be smooth with negligible error.

EXAMPLE 8–4 Determining the Diameter of an Air Duct 0.35 m3/s


air D
Heated air at 1 atm and 35°C is to be transported in a 150-m-long circular
plastic duct at a rate of 0.35 m3/s (Fig. 8–31). If the head loss in the pipe 150 m
is not to exceed 20 m, determine the minimum diameter of the duct.
FIGURE 8–31
SOLUTION The flow rate and the head loss in an air duct are given. The
Schematic for Example 8–4
diameter of the duct is to be determined.
Assumptions 1 The flow is steady and incompressible. 2 The entrance
effects are negligible, and thus the flow is fully developed. 3 The duct
involves no components such as bends, valves, and connectors. 4 Air is an
ideal gas. 5 The duct is smooth since it is made of plastic. 6 The flow is tur-
bulent (to be verified).
Properties The density, dynamic viscosity, and kinematic viscosity of air at
35°C are r ⫽ 1.145 kg/m3, m ⫽ 1.895 ⫻ 10⫺5 kg/m · s, and n ⫽ 1.655 ⫻
10⫺5 m2/s.
Analysis This is a problem of the third type since it involves the determina-
tion of diameter for specified flow rate and head loss. We can solve this
problem by three different approaches: (1) an iterative approach by assum-
ing a pipe diameter, calculating the head loss, comparing the result to the
specified head loss, and repeating calculations until the calculated head loss
matches the specified value; (2) writing all the relevant equations (leaving
the diameter as an unknown) and solving them simultaneously using an
equation solver; and (3) using the third Swamee–Jain formula. We will
demonstrate the use of the last two approaches.
The average velocity, the Reynolds number, the friction factor, and the
head loss relations can be expressed as (D is in m, V is in m/s, and Re and f
are dimensionless)
# #
V V 0.35 m3/s
V ⫽ ⫽ 2
⫽
Ac pD /4 pD2/4
VD VD
Re ⫽ ⫽
n 1.655 ⫻ 10 ⫺5 m2/s

b ⫽ ⫺2.0 loga b
2f
1 e/D 2.51 2.51
⫽ ⫺2.0 loga ⫹
3.7 Re2f Re2f
L V2 150 m V2
hL ⫽ f → 20 ⫽ f
D 2g D 2(9.81 m/s2)
The roughness is approximately zero for a plastic pipe (Table 8–2). There-
fore, this is a set of four equations in four unknowns, and solving them with
an equation solver such as EES gives
D ⫽ 0.267 m, f ⫽ 0.0180, V ⫽ 6.24 m/s, and Re ⫽ 100,800
Therefore, the diameter of the duct should be more than 26.7 cm if the
head loss is not to exceed 20 m. Note that Re ⬎ 4000, and thus the turbu-
lent flow assumption is verified.

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