COA Lab Manual
COA Lab Manual
COA Lab Manual
LABORATORY MANUAL
Name
Roll No.
Section-Batch
• Develop a platform for achieving globally acceptable level of intellectual acumen and
technological competence.
• Create an inspiring ambience that raises the motivation level for conducting quality
research.
To spark the imagination of the Computer Science Engineers with values, skills and
creativity to solve the real world problems.
• To inculcate creative thinking and problem solving skills through effective teaching,
learning and research.
• To empower professionals with core competency in the field of Computer Science and
Engineering.
• To foster independent and life long learning with ethical and social responsibilities.
PEO1: To empower students with effective computational and problem solving skills.
PEO2: To enable students with core skills for employment and entrepreneurship.
PEO3: To imbibe students with ethical values and leadership qualities.
PEO4: To foster students with research oriented ability which helps them in analyzing and
solving real life problems and motivate them for pursuing higher studies.
PO5: Modern tool usage: Create, select, and apply appropriate techniques,
resources, and modern engineering and IT tools including prediction and modeling to
complex engineering activities with an understanding of the limitations.
PO6: The engineer and society: Apply reasoning informed by the contextual
knowledge to assess societal, health, safety, legal and cultural issues and the
consequent responsibilities relevant to the professional engineering practice.
comprehend and write effective reports and design documentation, make effective
presentations, and give and receive clear instructions.
PO11: Project management and finance: Demonstrate knowledge and
understanding of the engineering and management principles and apply these to
one’s own work, as a member and leader in a team, to manage projects and in
multidisciplinary environments.
PO12: Life-long learning: Recognize the need for, and have the preparation and
ability to engage in independent and life-long learning in the broadest context of
technological change.
CO-PO MAPPING
PO1 PO2 PO3 PO4 PO5 PO6 PO7 PO8 PO9 PO10 PO11 PO12
C 228.1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 2
C 228.2 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2
C 228.3 3 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
C 228.4 3 3 3 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 1 1
C 228.5 3 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 2 1 1 2
CO-PSO MAPPING
PSO1 PSO2
C 228.1 -
1
C 228.2
1 -
C 228.3 1 -
C 228.4 1 -
C 228.5 1 -
LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
Name
Roll No.
Section- Batch
EXPERIMENT 1
Theory:
• Details of IC used and pin configurations.
• Working of logic gates.
1. OR GATE:
VCC
14
14 13
13 12 11
11 10
10 99 88
11 22 33 44 55 66 77
GND
PIN CONFIGURATION OF 74LS32
TRUTH TABLE OBSERVATION TABLE
INPUT A INPUT B OUTPUT Y INPUTS OUTPUT USING USING LED
0 0 0 A B VOLTMETER
- - -
0 1 1
- - -
1 0 1 - - -
1 1 1 - - -
2. AND GATE:
VCC
14
14 13
13 12
12 11
11 10
10 99 88
11 22 33 44 55 66 77
3. NOT GATE:
VCC
14 13 12 11 10 9 8
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
GND
PIN CONFIGURATION OF 74LS04
4. NOR GATE
5. NAND GATE:
6. EX-OR GATE:
Procedure:
1. Identify the pin no’s of the given IC.
2. From the IC No. Find out the type of gate.
3. Check for the proper working of the gate.
4. Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.
5. For all combination of input condition. Tabulate the output voltage by connecting a
voltmeter at the output end.
6. Verify it with truth Table.
7. Repeat the above procedure for all gates.
EXPERIMENT 2
Aim: Design and implementation of HALF ADDER, FULL ADDER using basic logic
gates
Theory:
HALF ADDER
OUTPUTS
INPUT A INPUT B
S C
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 0
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1
FULL ADDER
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
TRUTH TABLE
Procedure:
• Identify the pins.
Result & Conclusion: All logical circuits have been implemented & verified through truth
table.
EXPERIMENT 3
Aim: Design and implementation of Binary to Gray, Gray to Binary Code conversions
Theory:
Pin diagram of Binary to gray code converter using 7486 Ic(Exor Gate)
INPUTS OUTPUTS
A B C D G4 G3 G2 G1
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1
0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0
Circuit Diagram of
1 0 0 0 1 1 0 0
1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1
Binary to Gray Code Converter 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1
1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0
1 1 0 0 1 0 1 0
1 1 0 1 1 0 1 1
1 1 1 0 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 0 0 0
Truth Table
Pin diagram of Gray to Binary code converter using 7486 Ic(Exor Gate)
INPUTS OUTPUTS
A B C D B3 B2 B1 B0
0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1
0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0
0 0 1 0 0 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0
0 1 1 1 0 1 0 1
0 1 0 1 0 1 1 0
0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1
1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1
1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0
1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1
Circuit Diagram for Gray to Binary Code
1 0 1 0 1 1 0 0
Converter
1 0 1 1 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 1 1 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 1 1 1
T Truth Table
Procedure:
• Collect the components necessary to accomplish this experiment.
• Plug the IC chip into the breadboard.
• Connect the supply voltage and ground lines to the chips. PIN7 = Ground and PIN14
= +5V.
• Make connections as shown in the respective circuit diagram.
• Connect the inputs of the gate to the input switches of the LED.
• Connect the output of the gate to the output LEDs.
• Once all connections have been done, turn on the power switch of the breadboard
• Operate the switches and fill in the truth table (Write "1" if LED is ON and "0" if L1
is OFF Apply the various combination of inputs according to the truth table and
observe the condition of Output LEDs.
Result & Conclusion: Binary to gray and gray to binary code converter has been designed
using EXOR gate and its truth table verified.
EXPERIMENT 4
Theory:
a) 4 to 2 encoder using logic gates:
I3 I2 I1 I0 O1 O0
0 0 0 1 0 0
0 0 1 0 0 1
0 1 0 0 1 0
1 0 0 0 1 1
Procedure:
• Collect the components necessary to accomplish this experiment.
• Plug the IC chip into the breadboard.
• Connect the supply voltage and ground lines to the chips. PIN7 = Ground
• and PIN14 = +5V.
• Make connections as shown in the respective circuit diagram.
• Connect the inputs of the gate to the input switches of the LED.
• Connect the output of the gate to the output LEDs.
• Once all connections have been done, turn on the power switch of the breadboard
• Operate the switches and fill in the truth table ( Write "1" if LED is ON and "0" if L1
is OFF Apply the various combination of inputs according to the truth tabe and obseve
the condition of Output LEDs.
Result & Conclusion: 3-8 line decoder has been implemented & verified through truth table.
EXPERIMENT 5
Theory:
a) 4 to 1 Multiplexer:
Symbol: Truth table:
Addressing
Input
Selected
b a
0 0 A
0 1 B
1 0 C
1 1 D
Logic Diagram:
b) 8x1 Multiplexer
0 0 0 0 × × × × × × × 0 × 0
0 0 0 1 × × × × × × × 1 × 1
0 0 1 × 0 × × × × × × 0 × 0
0 0 1 × 1 × × × × × × 1 × 1
0 1 0 × × 0 × × × × × 0 × 0
0 1 0 × × 1 × × × × × 1 × 1
0 1 1 × × × 0 × × × × 0 × 0
0 1 1 × × × 1 × × × × 1 × 1
1 0 0 × × × 0 × × × × 0 0
1 0 0 × × × × 1 × × × × 1 1
1 0 1 × × × × × 0 × × × 0 0
1 0 1 × × × × × 1 × × × 1 1
1 1 0 × × × × × × 0 × × 0 0
1 1 0 × × × × × × 1 × × 1 1
1 1 1 × × × × × × × 0 × 0 0
1 1 1 × × × × × × × 1 × 1 1
Procedure:
• Collect the components necessary to accomplish this experiment.
• Plug the IC chip into the breadboard.
• Connect the supply voltage and ground lines to the chips. PIN7 = Ground
• and PIN14 = +5V.
• Make connections as shown in the respective circuit diagram.
• Connect the inputs of the gate to the input switches of the LED.
• Connect the output of the gate to the output LEDs.
• Once all connections have been done, turn on the power switch of the breadboard
• Operate the switches and fill in the truth table ( Write "1" if LED is ON and "0" if L1
is OFF Apply the various combination of inputs according to the truth tabe and obseve
the condition of Output LEDs.
Result & Conclusion: 4 to 1 & 8 to 1 multiplexer has been implemented & verified through
truth table.
EXPERIMENT 6
Theory:
Flip-flops are synchronous bistable devices. The term synchronous means the output changes
state only when the clock input is triggered. That is, changes in the output occur in
synchronization with the clock. A flip-flop circuit has two outputs, one for the normal value
and one for the complement value of the stored bit. Since memory elements in sequential
circuits are usually flip-flops, it is worth summarizing the behavior of various flip-flop types
before proceeding further. All flip -flops can be divided into four basic types: SR, JK, D and
T. They differ in the number of inputs and in the response invoked by different value of input
signals. The four types of flip -flops are defined in the Table below.
Circuit Diagram
Procedure:
• Collect the components necessary to accomplish this experiment.
• Plug the IC chip into the breadboard.
• Connect the supply voltage and ground lines to the chips. PIN7 = Ground
• and PIN14 = +5V.
• Make connections as shown in the respective circuit diagram.
• Connect the inputs of the gate to the input switches of the LED.
• Connect the output of the gate to the output LEDs.
• Once all connections have been done, turn on the power switch of the breadboard
• Operate the switches and fill in the truth table ( Write "1" if LED is ON and "0" if L1
is OFF Apply the various combination of inputs according to the truth table and
observe the condition of Output LEDs.
EXPERIMENT 7
Aim: Design and implement 8-bit Input/Output System with four 8-bit internal registers
Theory:
A register is capable of shifting its binary information in one or both directions is known as
shift register. The logical configuration of shift register consist of a D-Flip flop cascaded with
output of one flip flop connected to input of next flip flop. All flip flops receive common
clock pulses which causes the shift in the output of the flip flop.The simplest possible shift
register is one that uses only flip flop. The output of a given flip flop is connected to the input
of next flip flop of the register. Each clock pulse shifts the content of register one bit position
to right.
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
8-bit Input/Output System with four 8-bit internal register
Procedure:
• Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
• Logical inputs are given as per circuit diagram.
• Observe the output and verify the truth table.
Result & Conclusion: Verified 8-bit Input/Output System with four 8-bit internal registers
on simulator.
EXPERIMENT 8
Theory:
ALU or Arithmetic Logical Unit is a digital circuit to do arithmetic operations like addition,
subtraction, division, multiplication and logical operations like and, or, xor, nand, nor etc. A
simple block diagram of a 4 bit ALU for operations and, or, xor and Add is shown in the
Logic diagram.
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
Block diagram of a 4 bit ALU
Design Issues :
The circuit functionality of a 1 bit ALU is shown here, depending upon the control signal S1
and S0 the circuit operates as follows:
for Control signal S1 = 0 , S0 = 0, the output is A And B,
for Control signal S1 = 0 , S0 = 1, the output is A Or B,
for Control signal S1 = 1 , S0 = 0, the output is A Xor B,
for Control signal S1 = 1 , S0 = 1, the output is A Add B.
The truth table for 16-bit ALU with capabilities similar to 74181 is shown here:
Procedure:
• Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
• Logical inputs are given as per circuit diagram.
• Observe the output and verify the truth table.
EXPERIMENT 9
Theory:
Mesh Network: A set of nodes arranged in the form of a p dimensional lattice is called a mesh
network. In a mesh network only neighboring nodes can communicate with each other.
Therefore, interior nodes can communicate with 2p other nodes.
ALGORITHM:
Algorithm
Procedure MATRIXMULT
begin
for k = 1 to n-1 step 1do
begin
for all Pi,j where i and j ranges from 1 to n do
if i is greater than k then
rotate a in the east direction
end if
if j is greater than k then
rotate b in the south direction
end if
end
for all Pi,j where i and j lies between 1 and n do
compute the product of a and b and store it in c
for k= 1 to n-1 step 1 do
for all Pi,j where i and j ranges from 1 to n do rotate a in the east rotate b in the south
c=c+aXb end
HYPERCUBE ALGORITHM
Procedure:
• Write an algorithm on Mesh networks
Result & Conclusion: Designed an algorithm and program to perform matrix multiplication of
two n * n matrices on the 2-D mesh SIMD model, Hypercube SIMD Model or multiprocessor
system
EXPERIMENT 10
Aim: To study the Scalability for Single board, Multi-board, multi-core, multiprocessor
using Simulator
Theory:
A multi-core processor is a single computing component with two or more
independent processing units called cores, which read and execute program instructions. The
instructions are ordinary CPU instructions (such as add, move data, and branch) but the single
processor can run multiple instructions on separate cores at the same time, increasing overall
speed for programs amenable to parallel computing. Manufacturers typically integrate the
cores onto a single integrated circuit die (known as a chip multiprocessor or CMP) or onto
multiple dies in a single chip package.
Multiprocessor :-
A multiprocessor is a computer system with two or more central processing units (CPUs),
with each one sharing the common main memory as well as the peripherals. This helps in
simultaneous processing of programs.
The key objective of using a multiprocessor is to boost the system’s execution speed, with
other objectives being fault tolerance and application matching.
A good illustration of a multiprocessor is a single central tower attached to two computer
systems. A multiprocessor is regarded as a means to improve computing speeds, performance
and cost-effectiveness, as well as to provide enhanced availability and reliability.
Scalibilty :-
Flynns Classification of multiprocessor machines:
Procedure:
• Study various case study related to multi processors.
EXPERIMENT 11
Theory:
HALF SUBTRACTOR
INPUTS OUTPUTS
A B BIN D BOUT
0 0 0 0 0
0 0 1 1 1
0 1 0 1 1
0 1 1 0 1
1 0 0 1 0
1 0 1 0 0
1 1 0 0 0
1 1 1 1 1
FULL SUBTRACTOR
OUTPUTS
INPUT X INPUT Y
D B
0 0 0 0
0 1 1 1
1 0 1 0
1 1 0 0
Procedure:
• Identify the pins.
• Connect the circuit as per circuit diagram.
• Obtain outputs with various input combinations.
• Verify it with the Boolean function using truth table
Result & Conclusion: All logical circuits have been implemented & verified through truth
table.
EXPERIMENT 12
Theory:
A register is capable of shifting its binary information in one or both directions is known as
shift register. The logical configuration of shift register consist of a D-Flip flop cascaded with
output of one flip flop connected to input of next flip flop. All flip flops receive common
clock pulses which causes the shift in the output of the flip flop. The simplest possible shift
register is one that uses only flip flop. The output of a given flip flop is connected to the input
of next flip flop of the register. Each clock pulse shifts the content of register one bit position
to right.
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
SERIAL IN SERIAL OUT:
TRUTH TABLE:
Serial in Serial out
CLK
1 1 0
2 0 0
3 0 0
4 1 1
5 X 0
6 X 0
7 X 1
TRUTH TABLE:
OUTPUT
CLK DATA QA QB QC QD
1 1 1 0 0 0
2 0 0 1 0 0
3 0 0 0 1 1
4 1 1 0 0 1
Procedure:
• Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
• Logical inputs are given as per circuit diagram.
• Observe the output and verify the truth table.
Result: All Shift registers have been implemented & verified through truth table.
EXPERIMENT 13
Theory:
A register is capable of shifting its binary information in one or both directions is known as
shift register. The logical configuration of shift register consist of a D-Flip flop cascaded with
output of one flip flop connected to input of next flip flop. All flip flops receive common
clock pulses which causes the shift in the output of the flip flop.The simplest possible shift
register is one that uses only flip flop. The output of a given flip flop is connected to the input
of next flip flop of the register. Each clock pulse shifts the content of register one bit position
to right.
LOGIC DIAGRAM:
TRUTH TABLE:
CLK Q3 Q2 Q1 Q0 O/P
0 1 0 0 1 1
1 0 0 0 0 0
2 0 0 0 0 0
3 0 0 0 0 1
TRUTH TABLE:
DATA INPUT OUTPUT
CLK DA DB DC DD QA QB QC QD
1 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1
2 1 0 1 0 1 0 1 0
Procedure:
• Connections are given as per circuit diagram.
• Logical inputs are given as per circuit diagram.
• Observe the output and verify the truth table.
Result & Conclusion: All shift registers have been implemented & verified through truth
table.