THE FINAL REVISION

(SUMMARY)
Grade 5

MISS NOURHAN FAWZY

 Earth has four main systems (or spheres)

geosphere atomsphere Biosphere hydrosphere

Geosphere Atomsphere Biosphere Hydrosphere

Definition It is system that It is system that It is the system It is the system
includes all includes all gases that includes all that includes all of
layers of earth. that surround living organisms water on, under
earth. on earth. and above earth.
means Geo means Atmos means Bio means life. Hydro means
earth. vapor. water.
Examples 1-layers of 1-oxygen. 1-human. 1-fresh water.
earth. (Crust- 2-nitrogen. 2-animals. 2-salt water.
mantle- outer 3-helium. 3-plants. (Root-
core- inner 4-hydrogen. stem- leaves- Hydrosphere
core) 5-carbon dioxide. flower) includes another
2-land forms 6-air 4- grass. system called
(valley- 7-water vapor. 5-insect. (cryosphere) which
mountains-…) 8-wind. means the frozen
3-soil. 9- breathing of water on earth.
4-rocks. humans and
5-minerals. animals.
6-land.
7-molten rocks.
Types of water. (Nearly 70% of earth covered by water)
Salt water Fresh water
Percentage 97% 3%
Examples 1-ocean. 1-river. 2-pond.
2-sea. 3-stream. 4-most of lakes.
3-some of lakes. 5-ground water. (aquifers)
4-gulf. 6-rain. 7- glaciers.
8-runoff. 9-puddle.
Estuary consist of fresh water mixed with salt water.

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Water body Type of water Information
Oceans and Salt water only. Largest water body on earth.
seas They surround the continents.
All oceans are connected to each other.
The ocean’s floor has mountains, plains, and plateaus.
Water moves in moving waves.
Water movement: moving waves.
Species live in: (kelp- dolphin- star fish- moses fish)
Lakes Most of lakes is Water body surrounded by land.
fresh water but It is in low lying area.
some of lakes salt Salt water lakes:
water. -in Egypt: (manzala- mariout- bardawil- idku- broulus)
-in Djibouti: lake Assal.
Fresh water lakes: (Nasser- Qaroun- Wadi El Rayan)
River Fresh water only. -they always flow from high altitude to lower altitude.
- it starts in mountains.
-delta: triangular shaped area of mud and other
sediments that forms when a river meets a sea or
larger river.
Estuary Fresh water mixed Where a river meets a sea or an ocean.
with salt water. Estuaries are home to thousands of plants and animals.
Runoff Fresh water only. It is formed of water from rain or melting of snow and
moves into rivers or the ground.
Ground Fresh water only. - it is water lies under the earth’s surface, in cracks.
water -the largest fresh water on earth.
(aquifers)
ponds Fresh water. Water movement: still water.
Species live in: water lily- insects- worms- leeches- frog-
salamanders.
streams Fresh water. Water movement: moving waves.
Species live in: mosses- catfish- crayfish- trout.
Wet lands Fresh water or salt - land partially covered with water.
water. -kinds of wetland:
1-swamps (marshes).
2-ponds(bogs).
-The largest water body on earth is ocean.
-The largest saltwater body on earth is ocean.
-The largest freshwater body on earth is ground water.

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- Fresh water or salt water ….. lake – wetland.
- fresh water with salt water …… Estuary.
- Fresh water only …… river- ground water- runoff.
- Salt water only ….. ocean – sea.
Point of Ponds Streams Oceans and seas
comparison
Typeof water Fresh water. Fresh water. Salt water.
Water Still water. Running water. Moving waves.
movement
Species live - Water lily. -mosses. -kelp.
in - insects. - worms. -catfish. -dolphin.
- leeches. -frogs. -crayfish. -starfish.
- salamanders. -trout. Flounder fish.

weathering The breaking down of rocks into smaller particles because of

rain, wind, temperature…. etc.
erosion Transportation of small particles of rocks to another place by
water or wind.

Freezing evaporation
ice water water vapor
(solid) (liquid)
(gas)
Hydrosphere (cyrosphere). Hydrosphere

atmosphere
Biome:

It is a large region of the world that has similar soil, climate, plants and animals.
Examples:
-deserts. -forests. -rainforests.
-grassland. -wetland. -polar region.

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 Hydrologists: they are scientists who study water.

Microplastics:

-They are formed when plastic is broken down into small particles by
wind, sunlight, and waves.
-they are less than 5 millimeters.

Watershed: It is an area of land where water from different sources flows

towards a common location usually an ocean, a sea or other large water body.
When is more rainfall, the level of water in river increase causing floods.
When is little rainfall, the level of water in river decreases causing drought.

Water cycle:

- water presents in water bodies on earth evaporates and goes into the air
forming clouds.
-water returns to the earth’s surface during raining.

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Force: It is a pull or push that is applied to an object.
There are two types of force:
Contact force When two objects need to contact or touch each other for a
motion.
Example: when you kick a ball.
Noncontact force When two objects don’t need to contact or touch each
other for a motion.
Example: magnet
Motion: change in the position of an object compared to another object.
Force Pull or push Information Examples
Gravity Pull It is force pulls objects with -the gravity of the
mass down toward the moon affects the ocean
center of earth. tides.
- when mass of object -the earth revolves
increases, the gravity around sun and the
increases and vice versa. moon revolve around
- when distance of object earth.
increases, the gravity - earth pulls everything.
decreases and vice versa.
Magnetism Pull or push -magnet has a kind of Pull: magnet attract
invisible force that cannot paper clips.
be seen. Push: magnet pushes
away another magnet.
Friction Pull It is force that opposes the A bicycle brake pulls
motion of a body across a back the movement of
solid surface or through a the tires by friction
gas or liquid. when the bicycle brake
rubs against the tires.
Air Pull It is considered as a type of Air resistance slows fall
resistance friction force. of skydiver.
It is a force that opposes
the movement of an object
as it passes through air.

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 Rotation Revolution
Definition It is the spinning of an object It is the orbiting of an object
around an axis. around anther object.
Examples Earth rotates on its axis. Earth revolves around the
sun in an oval orbit.
Earth’s axis:
It is imaginary line passing through the north and south poles.
Movement of earth.
Rotation of earth Revolution of earth
It is spinning of earth around its It is orbiting of earth around sun.
axis.
Every 24 hours (every day) Every 365 day (every year)
It causes. It causes the cycle of seasons.
1-the cycle of day and night.
2-the appearance of the sun as it
is moving across the sky.
It rotates counterclockwise. It revolves counterclockwise.
The speed of rotation reaches
1600 kilometers.
Place of sun in the sky:

In early morning At noon In late afternoon

The sun will be to your The sun will be above you The sun will be to your
right (east) in the center of the sky. left (west)
If you change your direction, facing north or south, the sun will always rise
in the east and set in the west.

Cycle: means series of events that is repeated in the same order.

-examples:
1- the cycle of day and night.
2- the cycle of seasons.

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Solar system:
- It is including the sun and 8 planets.
-planets rotate on their axes at different speeds.
-Jupiter is the fastest planet rotates on its axis in the solar system.

The shadow.
-it formed by sun.
- The factors that affect the length and angle of shadow:
1- the position of the sun in the sky:
• At noon: the shortest shadows of objects.
• In morning and afternoon: forms longer shadow of objects.

2- the amount of sunlight that reaches the earth’s surface during

different seasons.

Constellation: it is a group of stars that forms patterns or looks like a certain

shape in the sky.

- location of constellation in the sky during the year, helps us to determine

the main direction.

Stars: they are giant spheres of superhot gases most of them are hydrogen
and helium.
Sun: -it is a medium sized star. -it is the only star in our solar system.
-it is the largest body in solar system. -it provides earth with heat and light.
Galaxy: it is a group of stars, planets and gases held together by gravity.

Technology helps human to study the universe:

1-Binoculars. 2-Telescopes.

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Give reason:
1-Water is important for living organisms. -To drink, grow and survive.
2-Water affects nonliving things.
-Because water can cause weathering and erosion of rocks.
3-Our planet looks like a blue marble from space.
-Because nearly three-quarters of earth is covered by water.
4-Water is one of the renewable resources on earth.
-Because it has water cycle.
5-hiding of worms in soil is interaction between two earth spheres.
-Because its interaction between biosphere and geosphere.
6-Human breathing is interaction between two earth spheres.
-Because its interaction between biosphere and atmosphere.
7-Importance of atmosphere for plants in making their food.
-Because plant takes carbon dioxide from atmosphere to make its own food.
8-Most of the fresh water on earth can’t be used for drinking.
-Because most of fresh water is frozen water.
9-some ponds and lakes may dry up during some months.
-Because of the hot weather in summer.
10-No green plants can survive in the abyssal zones of oceans.
-Because the abyssal zones are very deep so the sunlight can’t reach them.
11-Mosquitoes lay their eggs in ponds.
-Because ponds have still water, so the eggs will not move away.
12-We must conserve fresh water.
-Because the percentage of fresh water is very small.

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13-delta are formed at the rivers end.
-Because when water slow down the sediments are deposited at the river’s end.
14-Groundwater is called by this name.
-Because it found in the cracks and spaces of underground rocks.
15-The moon is attracted to earth.
-Because of the gravity of earth.
16-The gravity between two objects is affected by the distance between them.
-Because the gravity decreases by increasing the distance between to objects.
17-The force of gravity has an important role in the solar system.
-Because the gravity of sun makes planets revolve around it in fixed orbit.
18-Paper clips are pulled toward the magnet.
-Because of the magnetism force which attract the paper clips.
19-The ball changes its direction after we throw it upward.
-Because of the gravity of earth.
20-Gravity of earth is greater than gravity of the moon.
-Because the mass of earth is greater than the mass of moon.
21-You always land on the ground when you jump up.
-Because the gravity of earth attracts your body.
22-Skydiver opens his parachute during landing.
-To slow his drop.

23- When you press the bicycle brake, its speed will stop moving after few
seconds.
-Because of the friction force.
24-Some iron nails are attracted to a magnet.
-Because of the magnetism force which attract the iron nails.

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25-When object fall it effected by two forces.
-Because when object fall effected by gravity force and air resistance force.
26-Planets revolve around the sun in fixed orbit.
-Because the gravity of sun attracts them.
27-Occurrence of day and night.
-Because of the rotation of earth around its axis.
28-Half of earth appears dark at night.
-Because of the rotation of earth around its axis.
29-Sun appears as it moves across the sky.
-Because of the rotation of earth around its axis.
30-Occurrence of seasons.
-Because of the revolution of earth around sun.
31-Although earth rotates on its axis, we don’t feel its movement.
-Because we move with earth by same speed and direction.
32-The length of the shadow of an object change throughout the day.
-Because length of shadow affected by the position of sun during the day.
33-Stars seem to move in the sky.
-Due to rotation of earth.
34-The moon appears bright in the sky at night.
-Because moon reflect the light from the sun.
35-The sun looks much larger to us than other stars.
-Because the sun is the closest star to earth.
36-Stars appear bright in the sky at night.
-Because the stars emit theirs own light.

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