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IC-MSQUARE 2021 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090 (2021) 012091 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012091

Numerical solution of Hermite differential equation

using the spline method of order 1 with GeoGebra
Jorge Olivares Funes
Universidad de Antofagasta
E-mail: [email protected]

Elvis Valero kari

Universidad Mayor de San Andres; Universidad de TarapacÁ
E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]

Abstract. In this paper we will show the visualization of the approximations that can be
obtained by means of the order 1 spline method for Hermite differential equations with well-
interactive examples of GeoGebra applets.
Here, we will dedicate ourselves to publisize, the great benefit that can be obtained, in
the process of generating new mathematical knowledge for learning and teaching the numerical
solutions of differential equations.

Keywords: GeoGebra, Spline, Hermite equation.

1. Introduction
Various authors consider GeoGebra software as a program of great help for learning mathematics,
as mentioned in ref. [1] in a textual way ”Dynamic geometry software like GeoGebra is
an excellent resource that allows us to model and simulate different mathematical problems,
different topics Algebra subjects, Geometry and Trigonometry, Analytical Geometry and
Calculation”
In our case, GeoGebra applts to visualize and see some approximations of Hermite differential
equations using the order 1 spline method.
All these applets were designed and built to support teaching material for various online
courses of differential equations at the University of Antofagasta during the year 2020.

2. Spline of order 1 in the approximations for the solutions of the Hermite

differential equations
In the following link https://www.geogebra.org/m/fzyq89eg , you can see or download the
applets designed to the solution and its approach to some Hermite differential equations.
Example 1:
Let
d2 y dy
2
− 2x + 6y = 0, y(0) = 0, y(a) = 1, x ∈ [0, a]
dx dx
3x−2x3
Whose blue algebric solution in Figure 1 is f (x) = 3a−2a3
, a varies between 0.1 and 1.

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Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090 (2021) 012091 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012091

If h = a/3, then
x0 = 0 → y0 = 0
3
a− 2a
x1 = a/3 → y1 = f (a/3) = 3a−2a
27
3
3
2a− 16a
x2 = 2a/3 → y2 = f (2a/3) = 3a−2a 27
3

x3 = a → y3 = 1
The splin polynomials are in red Figure 1 as follows
3
2a − 2a
!
27 3
S0 (x) = x, x ∈ [0, a/3].
3a − 2a3 a
3 3
a − 2a a − 14a
!
3

27 27
S1 (x) = + x − 1 , x ∈ [a/3, 2a/3].
3a − 2a3 3a − 2a3 a
3 3
2a − 16a 2a + 16a
!
3

27 27
S2 (x) = + 1 − x − 2 , x ∈ [2a/3, a].
3a − 2a3 3a − 2a3 a
If a = 1, in [0, 1/3] the absolute mistake is 0.02851; in [1/3, 2/3] the absolute mistake is
0.08359; in [2/3, 1] the absolute mistake is 0.13904

Figure 1.

Example 2
Let

d2 y dy
2
− 2x + 10y = 0, y(0) = 0, y(a) = 1, x ∈ [0, a]
dx dx
4x5 −20x3 +15x
whose blue algebric solution in figure 2 is f (x) = 4a5 −20a3 +15a
, with a varies between 0.1 and 5.
If h = a3 , then

x0 = 0 → y0 = 0
4(a/3)5 −20(a/3)3 +15(a/3)
x1 = a/3 → y1 = f (a/3) = 4a5 −20a3 +15a
4(2a/3)5 −20(2a/3)3 +15(2a/3)
x2 = 2a/3 → y2 = f (2a/3) = 4a5 −20a3 +15a
x1 = a → y3 = 1
The splin polynomials are in red in figure 2, are as follows

2
IC-MSQUARE 2021 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090 (2021) 012091 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012091

4(a/3)5 −20(a/3)3 +15(a/3)

 
3
S0 (x) = 4a5 −20a3 +15a a x, x ∈ [0, a/3]

4(a/3)5 −20(a/3)3 +15(a/3)

 
S1 (x) = 5 3 +15a
 4a −20a
4(2a/3)5 −20(2a/3)3 +15(2a/3) 4(a/3)5 −20(a/3)3 +15(a/3)
 
3
+ 4a5 −20a3 +15a
− 4a5 −20a3 +15a ax − 1 , x ∈ [a/3, 2a/3]

4(2a/3)5 −20(2a/3)3 +15(2a/3) 4(2a/3)5 −20(2a/3)3 +15(2a/3)

  
3
S2 = 4a5 −20a3 +15a
+ 1− 4a5 −20a3 +15a ax − 2 , x ∈ [2a/3, a]

If a = 2.5, then [0, a/3] the absolute mistake is 0.03146; [a/3, 2a/3] the absolute mistake is
0.37258; [2a/3, 1] the absolute mistake is 0.01981

Figure 2.

Example 3
Let

d2 y dy
− 2x + 8y = 0, y(0) = 0, y(a) = 1, x ∈ [0, 1]
dx2 dx
 
4x4
whose blue algebric solution in figure 2 is f (x) = a 3 − 4x2 + 1 , with a varies between -5
and 5.
If h = 13 , then

x0 =0 → y0 =a
139a
x1 = 1/3 → y1 = f (1/3) = 243
−125a
x2 = 2a/3 → y2 = f (2/3) = 243
x3 =1 → y3 = −5a
3
The splin polynomials are in red in figure 3, are as follows

3
IC-MSQUARE 2021 IOP Publishing
Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2090 (2021) 012091 doi:10.1088/1742-6596/2090/1/012091

 
139a
S0 (x) = a + 243 − a 3x, x ∈ [0, 1/3]
 
139a −125a 139
S1 (x) = 243 + 243 − 243 (3x − 1/3), x ∈ [1/3, 2/3]
 
−125a −5a −125a
S2 = 243 + 3 − 243 (3x − 2/3), x ∈ [2/3, 1]

If a = −0.2, then [0, 1/3] the absolute mistake is 0.02079; [1/3, 2/3] the absolute mistake is
0.01104; [2a/3, 1] the absolute mistake is 0.00929

Figure 3.

3. Conclusion
We can say that the use of GeoGebra software allows us to understand the grade 1 spline method,
interactively and pleasantly to be able to visualize the good and not so good approaches to the
solutions of Hermite differential equations. At the same time we that we see not only the
solution and spline approximation polynomials that are generated, but also the absolute error,
which occurs in each corresponding sub-network. We look forward to this paper as being able to
continue advancing in various lines of numerical analysis and mathematical physics supported
by GeoGebra [2], [3].

4. References
[1] López, Armando (2008). Propuesta para la enseñanza del concepto de derivada, un acercamineto visual con
GeoGebra. Patricia (Ed.), Acta Latinoamericada de Matemática Educativa pp 1166-1175, México DF.
Comité Latinoamericano de Matemática Educativa A.C.
[2] Olivares, Jorge and Valero, Elvis (2018). Animation and intereactive creations in linear diferential equations
of first order: the case GeoGebra. Phy. Conf. Ser. 1141:012126.
[3] Caligaris M, Schivo and Romiti, R. (2015).Calculus & GeoGebra an interesting partnership. Procedia Soc.
Behav. Sciencies 174, 1183-1188.