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Section 1

This document provides an introduction to CS50 and covers variables, data types, input/output, conditionals, and loops in C. Some key points: - It asks why C is used and covers variables, conditionals, loops, and data types. - Variables store values of different data types like int and char. Functions are used to get input and print output. - Conditionals like if/else and loops like while, for, do/while are explained. They control program flow. - An example lab problem is given to practice breaking down a multi-step problem into an algorithm and coding it. Testing and debugging is emphasized.

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Akshay Parihar
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36 views76 pages

Section 1

This document provides an introduction to CS50 and covers variables, data types, input/output, conditionals, and loops in C. Some key points: - It asks why C is used and covers variables, conditionals, loops, and data types. - Variables store values of different data types like int and char. Functions are used to get input and print output. - Conditionals like if/else and loops like while, for, do/while are explained. They control program flow. - An example lab problem is given to practice breaking down a multi-step problem into an algorithm and coding it. Testing and debugging is emphasized.

Uploaded by

Akshay Parihar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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This is CS50

Think.
Pair.
Share.
● Why are we using C?
● How can we read and write code that includes
variables, conditionals, and loops?
● Why do we care about data types?
● What does it mean to compile a C program?
● Why are we using C?
● How can we read and write code that includes
variables, conditionals, and loops?
● Why do we care about data types?
● What does it mean to compile a C program?
● How many years will it take to double our llamas?
Part 1 Variables and Types
Input and Printing
Variables
calls

4
Variables

int calls = 4; calls

4
Variables

int calls = 4; calls


name
4
Variables

int calls = 4; calls


type
4
Variables

int calls = 4; calls


value
4
Variables

int calls = 4; calls

4
assignment
operator
Variables

int calls = 4; calls


type name value
4
assignment
operator

"Create an integer variable named calls that gets the value 4."
Variables

int x = 50; x

50
Variables

int x = 50; x

50

"Create an integer variable named x that gets the value 50."


Think.
Why does C care
Pair. about data types?
Share.
01000001
int

65
01000001
char

'A'
01000001
Variables

int calls = 4; calls


calls = 5;
4
Variables

int calls = 4; calls


calls = 5;
5
Variables

int calls = 4; calls


calls = 5;
5
name value
assignment "calls gets 5."
operator
Operators

int calls = 4; calls


calls = calls + 1;
5
Operators

int calls = 4; calls


calls = calls - 1;
3
Operators

int calls = 4; calls


calls = calls * 2;
8
Operators

int calls = 4; calls


calls = calls / 2;
2
Getting input

int calls = get_int("Calls: ");


type name function call
assignment
operator
Functions

int calls = get_int("Calls: ");


function call
Functions

int calls = get_int("Calls: ");


function name
Functions

int calls = get_int("Calls: ");


arguments
Functions

int calls = get_int("Calls: ");


function call
Return values

int calls = 4;
value
Storing return values

int calls = 4; calls


type name value
4
assignment
operator

"Create an integer variable named calls that gets the value 4."
Printing values

int calls = 4;
printf("calls is %i\n", calls);
Printing values

int calls = 4;
printf("calls is %i\n", calls);

format code
Printing values

int calls = 4;
printf("calls is %i\n", calls);

format code value


Types and format codes
Numbers Text

int (%i) long (%li) char (%c)

float (%f) double (%f) string (%s)


Exercise
Create a C program that prompts a user for:
● A name
● An age
● A phone number

Print the values back to the user as confirmation.


Part 2 Breaking down loops
and conditionals
if (calls < 1)
{
printf("Call more often!\n");
}
Boolean expression

if (calls < 1)
{
printf("Call more often!\n");
}
conditional

if (calls < 1)
{
printf("Call more often!");
}
if (calls < 1)
{
printf("Call more often!");
}

executed conditionally
if (calls < 1)
{
printf("Call more often!\n");
}
else
{
printf("Thanks for calling!\n");
}
if (calls < 1)
{
printf("Call more often!\n");
}
else mutually exclusive
{
printf("Thanks for calling!\n");
}
int i = 0;
while (i < 10)
{
printf("%i\n", i);
i = i + 1;
}
initialization

int i = 0;
while (i < 10)
{
printf("%i\n", i);
i = i + 1;
}
Boolean expression
int i = 0;
while (i < 10)
{
printf("%i\n", i);
i = i + 1;
}
int i = 0;
while (i < 10)
{
printf("%i\n", i);
i = i + 1;
}
incrementation
int i = 0;
while (i < 10)
{
printf("%i\n", i);
i = i + 1;
}
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
printf("%i\n", i);
}
initialization

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)


{
printf("%i\n", i);
}
Boolean expression

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)


{
printf("%i\n", i);
}
incrementation

for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)


{
printf("%i\n", i);
}
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
printf("%i\n", i);
}
int n;
do
{
n = get_int("n: ");
}
while (n <= 0);
int n;
do
{
n = get_int("n: ");
}
while (n <= 0);
int n;
do
{
n = get_int("n: ");
}
while (n <= 0);
Part 3 Lab
https://cs50.harvard.edu/college/2022/fall/labs/1/
● Work an example yourself
● Write down exactly what you did
● Create an algorithm after working multiple examples
● Test your algorithm by hand
● Translate your algorithm to code
● Find errors in your code by running test cases
● Fix errors in your code
● Work an example yourself
● Write down exactly what you did
● Create an algorithm after working multiple examples
● Test your algorithm by hand
● Translate your algorithm to code
● Find errors in your code by running test cases
● Fix errors in your code
● Work an example yourself
● Write down exactly what you did
● Create an algorithm after working multiple examples
● Test your algorithm by hand
● Translate your algorithm to code
● Find errors in your code by running test cases
● Fix errors in your code
We have a population of n llamas.
Each year, n/3 new llamas are born,
and n/4 llamas pass away.
How many years will it take to have a
certain population of llamas?
We have a population of 12 llamas.
Each year, 12/3 new llamas are born,
and 12/4 llamas pass away.
How many years will it take to have a
population of 13 llamas?
Year 0
Year 0
Year 0
Year 0
Year 1
Year 1
Year 1
Year 1
● Prompt the user for a starting number of llamas
● Prompt the user for a goal number of llamas
● Add and subtract llamas every "year" until we reach
the goal number of llamas
● Print the number of years it took to reach the goal
number of llamas
This was CS50

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