Arsi university

COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE AND

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE
GENERAL PHYSICS GROUP
ASSIGNMENT

DEP. Freshman
Section 3
2015 E.c
Submitted to :-Mr.Seid
Group members
Name of students ..........................ID No
1 Bikila Garado...............................UGR/13580/15
2 Bilisuma Kebede .........................UGR/13584/15
3 chalchisa Urgesa ........................UGR/13603/15
4 Dawud Areb................................UGR/13621/15
5 Dugasa Legesse.........................UGR/13638/15
6 Ejigu Udesa.................................UGR/13655/15
7 Esayas Tesema..........................UGR/13678/15
8 Esrael Belete...............................UGR/
9 Feye Roba .................................UGR/13698/15
10 Gemechis Beyene...................UGR/13719/15
 Branches of physics
There are many different branches of physics. Most of them are
discussed below:

1 Classical physics
Classical physics involves classical mechanics (the study of the
movement of fluids and particles), thermodynamics (the study of
temperature and heat transfer), and electromagnetism (the study of
electricity, magnets, and electromagnetic waves).

2 Modern physics
Modern physics is an effort to understand the underlying processes of
the interactions of matter using the tools of science & engineering. In a
literal sense, the term modern physics means up-to-date physics. In this
sense, a significant portion of so-called classical physics is modern.
However, since roughly 1890, new discoveries have caused significant
paradigm shifts: especially the advent of quantum mechanics (QM) and
relativity (ER). Physics that incorporates elements of either QM or ER
(or both) is said to be modern physics. It is in this latter sense that the
term is generally used.

3 Nuclear physics
Nuclear physics is the field of physics that studies atomic nuclei and their constituents and interactions,
in addition to the study of other forms of nuclear matter. Nuclear physics should not be confused with
atomic physics, which studies the atom as a whole, including its electrons.

4 atomic physics
Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated
system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. Atomic physics typically
refers to the study of atomic structure and the interaction between
atoms.

5 Mechanics
a branch of physical science that deals with energy and forces and
their effect on bodies. : the practical application of mechanics to the
design, construction, or operation of machines or tools.

6 Acoustics
Acoustics is defined as the science that deals with the production,
control, transmission, reception, and effects of sound (as defined by
Merriam-Webster). Many people mistakenly think that acoustics is
strictly musical or architectural in nature.

7 Optics
Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and
properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the
construction of instruments that use or detect it. Optics usually
describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light.
8 Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is a branch of physics which deals with the energy
and work of a system. It was born in the 19th century as scientists
were first discovering how to build and operate steam engines.
Thermodynamics deals only with the large scale response of a system
which we can observe and measure in experiments.

9 Quantum physics
Quantum physics is the study of matter and energy at the most
fundamental level. It aims to uncover the properties and behaviors of
the very building blocks of nature.

10 condensed matter physics

Condensed-matter physics is the study of substances in their solid
state. This includes the investigation of both crystalline solids in which
the atoms are positioned on a repeating three-dimensional lattice,
such as diamond, and amorphous materials in which atomic position
is more irregular, like in glass.

11 cosmology
Cosmology studies how the history of the universe led to the stars,
galaxies, and other features we can observe today. Image courtesy of
Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, Lawrence Berkely National
Laboratory. Cosmology is the study of the origin, development,
structure, history, and future of the entire universe.
12 Agrophysics
is a branch of science bordering on agronomy and physicsAgrophysics
is one of the branches of natural sciences dealing with the application
of physics in agriculture and environment. It plays an important role in
the limitation of hazards to agricultural objects (soils, plants,
agricultural products and foods) and to the environment

13 Astrophysics ,

The physics in the universe, including the properties and interactions of

celestial bodies in astronomy.Astrophysics is an advanced field of
astronomy that studies the physical properties and behavior of celestial
bodies and the cosmos. It's a base for understanding how our universe
works, from tiny subatomic particles to entire galaxies

14 space physics
is the study of plasmas as they occur naturally in the Earth's upper
atmosphere (aeronomy) and within the Solar System.Space physics,
also known as solar-terrestrial physics or space-plasma physics, is the
study of plasmas as they occur naturally in the Earth's upper
atmosphere and within the Solar System.

15 biophysics ,

studying the physical interactions of biological processes.Biophysics is

an interdisciplinary science that applies approaches and methods
traditionally used in physics to study biological phenomena. Biophysics
covers all scales of biological organization, from molecular to
organismic and populations.

16 High energy particle physics

Particle physics or high energy physics is the study of fundamental
particles and forces that constitute matter and radiation. The
fundamental particles in the universe are classified in the Standard
Model as fermions and bosons

17 Electromagnetism
Electromagnetism is the physical interaction among electric charges,
magnetic moments, and the electromagnetic field. The electromagnetic
field can be static, slowly changing, or form waves. Electromagnetic
waves are generally known as light and obey the laws of optics.

18 Theoretical physics
Theoretical physics is a branch of physics that employs mathematical
models and abstractions of physical objects and systems to rationalize,
explain and predict natural phenomena. This is in contrast to
experimental physics, which uses experimental tools to probe these
phenomena.

19 Chemical physics ,

the science of physical relations in chemistry.Chemical physics is a

subdiscipline of chemistry and physics that investigates
physicochemical phenomena using techniques from atomic and
molecular physics and condensed matter physics; it is the branch of
physics that studies chemical processes from the point of view of
physics

20 Computational physics,
Computational physics is the study of scientific problems using
computational methods; it combines computer science, physics and
applied mathematics to develop scientific solutions to complex
problems.

21 Econophysics,
dealing with physical processes and their relations in the science of
economy.Econophysics is a (in economics) interdisciplinary research
field, applying theories and methods originally developed by physicists
in order to solve problems in economics, usually those including
uncertainty or stochastic processes and nonlinear dynamics.One
current interest of econophysicists is mathematical power laws, where
one variable depends on another raised to some power. For example,
the area of a square and the volume of a cube are given by the length
of a side L raised to the power 2 (L2) and power 3 (L3), respectively

22 Environmental physics,
the branch of physics concerned with the measurement and analysis of
interactions between organisms and their environment.Environmental
Physics is scientific discipline that focuses on determination of how
environmental factors affect biological and physical processes in
agricultural and natural ecosystems.
23 Engineering physics ,

the combined discipline of physics and engineering.Engineering physics, or engineering science, refers to
the study of the combined disciplines of physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology, and engineering,
particularly computer, nuclear, electrical, electronic, aerospace, materials or mechanical engineering

24 Geophysics
, the sciences of physical relations on our planet.Geophysics is the study
of the Earth's physics and structure using mathematical and physical
methods. This includes everything from an understanding of the
microscopic properties of minerals and rocks, to an understanding of
global processes such as earthquakes and climate.

25 Mathematical physics, Mathematical physics

refers to the development of mathematical methods for application to
problems in physics. The Journal of Mathematical Physics defines the
field as "the application of mathematics to problems in physics and the
development of mathematical methods suitable for such applications
and for the formulation of physical theories". An alternative definition
would also include those mathematics that are inspired by physics (also
known as physical mathematics).

26 medical physics,
Medical physics deals with the application of the concepts and methods
of physics to the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of human
diseases with a specific goal of improving human health and well-being.
[2] Since 2008, medical physics has been included as a health
profession according to International Standard Classification of
Occupation of the International Labour Organization.

27 physical chemistry,
dealing with physical processes and their relations in the science of
physical chemistry.Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic and
microscopic phenomena in chemical systems in terms of the principles,
practices, and concepts of physics such as motion, energy, force, time,
thermodynamics, quantum chemistry, statistical mechanics, analytical
dynamics and chemical equilibria

28 physical oceanography,
is the study of physical conditions and physical processes within the
ocean, especially the motions and physical properties of ocean
waters.Physical oceanographers study the interaction of the ocean with
the atmosphere, how the ocean stores and releases heat, the physical
properties (or chemical content) of water throughout the ocean, and
the formation and movement of currents and coastal dynamics.

29 Psychophysics
Psychophysics is the subfield of psychology devoted to the study of
physical stimuli and their interaction with sensory systems.
Psychophysical tasks have been extensively used to draw conclusions
on how information is processed by the visual and other sensory
systems.
30 Quantum computing,
the study of quantum-mechanical computation systems.Quantum
computing is a multidisciplinary field comprising aspects of computer
science, physics, and mathematics that utilizes quantum mechanics to
solve complex problems faster than on classical computers.

31 Sociophysics or social physics ,

is a field of science which uses mathematical tools inspired by physics

to understand the behavior of human crowds. In a modern commercial
use, it can also refer to the analysis of social phenomena with big data.

2 Cross cutting application of physics

* The applications of physics in every day life are numerous. The
major application areas of physics are mentioned as follow:-

A) Application of physics in medicine

Many remarkable medical technologies, diagnostic tools, and treatment
methods have emerged as a result of modern physics discoveries in the
last century—including X-rays, radiation treatment, laser surgery, high-
resolution ultrasound scans, computerized tomography (CT) scans, and
magnetic resonance imaging.

B) Application of Agriculture and environment

Agro physics is one of the branches of natural science dealing with the
application of physics in agriculture and environment. It plays an
important role in the limitation of hazards to agricultural entities (soils,
plants, agricultural products and foods) and to the environment. Soil
physical degradation, gas production in soils and emission to the
atmosphere, physical properties of plant materials influencing their
technological and nutritional values and crop losses are examples of
such hazards. Agro physical knowledge can be helpful in evaluating and
improving the quality of soils and agricultural products as well as the
technological processes.

C) Application of physics in Aviation and space science

Physical science, which is most often called physics, is a very interesting

and exciting topic. For an individual who likes technical things and is a
hands-on type of person, physics is an invaluable tool. Physics allows us
to explain how engines work, both piston and gas turbine; how
airplanes and helicopters fly; and countless other things related to the
field of aviation and aerospace. In addition to allowing us to explain the
operation of the things around us, it also allows us to quantify them.
For example, through the use of physics we can explain what the
concept of thrust means for a jet engine, and then follow it up by
mathematically calculating the pounds of thrust being created.

D) Application of physics in Industry

For example a car that moves from one point to another has to have an
engine that provides the momentum. The calibration of the engine
together with the combustion of the fuel has to have a mechanical
force that will move it. Physics has helped shape the industries in
making work easier.

E) Application of physics in communication

Communication physics aims to study and explain how a

communication system works. This can be applied in a hard science way
via Computer Communication or in the way of how people
communicate. An example of communication physics is how computers
can transmit and receive data through networks.

F) Application of physics in archeology

Physics has played a vital role in calibrating humankind's passage

through time, helping archaeologists to both analyse the physical
properties of artefacts and to uncover hitherto undiscovered ancient
monuments.

G) Application of physics in Architecture

Physics in architecture is used to solve practical problems that arise to

keep a structure erect by balancing out the aforementioned forces that
are constantly at play. It also includes material selection, thermal
performance and overall efficiency of built space.

H) Application of physics in power generation

They are used to run the vehicles, cooking, lighting, washing, to

generate electricity, for making plastics and paints etc. Nuclear power is
the use of nuclear reactions that release nuclear energy to generate
heat, which most frequently is then used in steam turbines to produce
electricity in a nuclear power plant.

I) Application of physics in Engineering

In Civil Engineering, the laws of physics can tell you about forces,
tension, harmonic vibrations and oscillations, tensile strength,
elasticity, and all kinds of other concepts that you can use to make
calculations about your designing and construction work .
J) Application of physics in transportation

Cars rely on the laws of Physics to operate. Without natural forces like
inertia, gravity, friction and energy, it would not be possible to start,
move, stop or change the direction of the car. The design of the car is
also able to influence the interaction of these forces with the car.

K) Application of physics in technology

The importance of physics in modern technology can be recognized

because it enables mobile devices, computers, televisions, watches,
and many other modern technologies to operate in an automated
manner. The various physical theories have contributed to the
invention and advancement of these technologies.

L) Application of physics in education

It allows the understanding of chemistry such as thermodynamics,

biology such as blood pressure, and astronomy such as gravity. Physics
is important in science education for the application in the world such
as computers, factories, x-rays, and other related applications.

M) Application of physics in sports

In sports, most techniques employ one or more principles of physics to

increase the level of difficulty that the opponents experience in
receiving and returning the shot. A quintessential example of such
techniques would be the ball spinning sideways after being hit by a
table tennis player.