SUBJECT, FINITE, AND INFINITE VERB

Lecturer : Eka Yuniasih, M.Pd

ARRANGED BY :
RIZA UMAMI : 2101050023
SINTA DEVI SISWANDARI : 2101050025

ENGLISH TADRIS STUDY PROGRAM

FACULTY OF TARBIYAH AND TEACHER'S SCIENCES
METRO STATE ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS INSTITUTE (IAIN)
2021/2022
 FOREWORD

Praise be to God Almighty for giving the author the opportunity to complete
this paper. It is because of His grace and guidance that the author was able to
complete the g paper entitled Subject, Finite and Infinite verb on time.
This paper was prepared to fulfill the task of Mrs. Eka Yuniasih, M.Pd. In the
Advanced Grammar and Structure Study Program. In addition, the author also hopes
that this paper can add insight for readers.
The author realizes that this paper is still far from perfect. Therefore,
constructive criticism and suggestions will be accepted by the author for the
perfection of this paper.

Metro, 25 September 2022

Drafting Team

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

FORWARD i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ii
CHAPTER I PRELIMINARY 1
A. Background 1
B. Formulation of the Problem 1
A. Destination 1
CHAPTER II DISCUSSION 2
A. Meaning of Subject 2
B. Meaning of Finite Verb 6
C. Meaning of Infinite Verb 8
CHAPTER III 11
A. Conclussion 11
D. Suggestion 11
BIBIOGRAPHY 12

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 CHAPTER I
PRELIMINARY

A. Background
When we talk about the grammar of a language, what comes to mind
is how to organize the words contained in the language into a series of
meanings, which can be understood. By both the speaker and the listener.
Therefore, learning grammar in English is learning how to use words in
standard sentence patterns in English. Subject, finite and infinite verbs are one
of the grammars in English, which are very important to make standard
sentences in English.

B. Formulation of The Problem

1. What is Subject ?
2. What is Finite Verb ?
3. What is Infinite Verb ?

C. Destination
1. To know what the subject is.
2. To know what the finite verb is.
3. To know what the infinite verb is.

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 CHAPTER II
DISCUSSION

A. Meaning of Subject
The subject in English is one of the most important elements of a sentence.
There are many examples of English sentences and their meanings using
Subject. Positive Sentences and Negative Sentences usually begin with a
Subject. While the interrogative sentence alias interrogative begins with an
auxiliary verb or a question word.

Understanding Subject from the Cambridge Dictionary, namely:

A subject is one of the five major elements of clause structure. The other four
are: verb, object, complement and adjunct. Subjects are essential in
declarative, negative and interrogative clauses.
The subject acts as the ‘doer’ or agent of an action. Subjects are typically
noun phrases (e.g. a noun or pronoun).

The subject acts as the 'doer' or agent of an action. The subject is usually a
noun phrase (eg a noun or pronoun).

So, the types of words used as subjects in English are nouns, noun phrases,
and pronouns.

The subject is a grammatical term used to describe the nouns, pronouns,

and noun phrases that occur before the verb in a sentence. Thus,
the subject describes a position in the sentence. When the verb is in
the active form, the subject of the sentence is the "do-er" or agent—
who or what—that causes the action.

Verb Object
Subject (ACTIVE)

(noun) The dog was chasing a cat.

(pronoun) We Found a badly scratched dog.

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(noun phrase) Chasing can increase a cat's blood pressure.
cats

However, when the verb is in the passive form, the subject of the sentence is

the "target" or result of the action.

Verb Object
Subject (PASSIVE)

(noun) A cat was being by the dog.

chased

A badly scratched was found (by our

dog family).

(noun The blood pressure of can be increased by chasing

phrase) a cat cats.

Not all verbs express an action. Some verbs simply serve a linking function. Such
verbs include be (is, are, was, were), seem, and become. Linking verbs connect the
subject to something that is said about the subject by either defining or adding extra
information.

Linking Complement
Subject Verb

(noun) The cat is afraid.

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(pronoun) It (= the is tired of being chased.
cat)

(noun phrase) Chasing is a favourite pastime of

cats dogs.

In English, all sentences must always have a subject, either a noun or noun phrase, or

a pronoun, even if there is no natural subject. This is why verbs like rain must carry a
"subject" such as it, even if nothing is actually "doing" the raining. "It" is in this case
a "dummy" pronoun. Another common dummy subject is there.

"Dummy" Subject It

It is raining cats and dogs.

It is important to keep cats away from dogs.

It is likely that the dog will get badly scratched.

It is known that dogs can live in peace with cats.

It appears that cats may dislike dogs.

"Dummy" Subject There

There remai a number of critical issues.

n

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There is a very wide range of disciplines contributing to
developments in nanostructure science.

There has considerable research activity in molecular electronics and

been bioelectronics.

Can you find the grammatical subjects for each sentence in this text? Click on
the word(s) in the text below that you feel would make a better topic and unify
these three sentences.

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A high potassium / manganese ratio is generally responsible for a rise in total
cholesterol levels following the switch to a vegetarian lifestyle. 2Similarly, a rise in
zinc and a decrease in iron are common when switching to vegetarianism, which
can also result in raised total triglyceride levels. 3At the same time, lower protein
and/or phosphates are known to cause higher levels of VLDL triglycerides, as can
occur in a vegetarian diet due to increased intake of calcium and simple
carbohydrates (sugar, honey, sweet fruits).

B. Meaning of Finite Verb

1. Definition of Finite Verb
Verbs (verbs) can be grouped into finite and non-finite. In English, finite
verb is “form of a verb that has a subject (expressed or implied) and can
function as the root of an independent clause; an independent clause can, in
turn, stand alone as a complete sentence.” In other words, a finite verb is a
form of a verb and has a subject and functions as the main verb.

For example:
-Julia swims every day.
-Julia swam yesterday.
-I swim in her pool.

2. Types of Finite Verbs

In the finite verb it turns out to be grouped again into:

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a. Transitive and Intransitive Verb
Based on the presence or absence of a direct object, finite verbs can be
divided into transitive and intransitive verbs. Transitive verbs will always be
followed by a direct object while intransitive verbs are not.

Examples of transitive verbs:

-The worker operates this machine.
-I eat organic rice.
-He is watering a flower in the park.

Examples of intransitive verbs:

-Our teacher always comes on time.
-Sinta sleeps while I was here.
-She'll leave when you get here.

b. Action and Non-Action Verb (Stative Verb)

Based on the presence or absence of action, finite verbs can be divided
into action and stative verbs. Action verbs are used to express an action or
something that happens, while stative verbs are used to express conditions
that tend to remain.
Example of action verbs:
Activities: eat, listen, play, walk, work
Process: change, grow, melt, shorten, widen
Momentary actions: hit, jump, knock
Examples of stative verbs:
Emotion: appreciate, love, hate, like, dislike
Mental states: agree, know, remember, think, understand
Sense or appearance: hear, see, smell, sound, taste, appear, seem
Need and preference: desire, need, prefer, want, wish
Possession: belong, have, own, possess
Measurement: cost, owe, weigh.

Still confused about putting verbs together in sentences?

Study the examples below:
-Sunflowers grow fast. (action verbs)
-He reads a newspaper. (action verbs)
-She writes a letter to my mom. (action verbs)
-The chef cooks delicious food for me. (action verbs)
-This cheesecake tastes good. (stative verb)
-This soup is delicious. (stative verb)
-This juice tastes good. (stative verb)
-I love Mondays. (stative verb)

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 c. Linking Verb
Linking Verb is a verb that serves to connect the subject with the
information or description. Verbs that are linking verbs are:
Verb of being (am, is, are, was, were, act, appear, be, become, continue,
grow, prove, remain, seem, turn).
Verb of sensation (feel, look, smell, sound, taste).
Example:
Mr. Mamat is a headmaster.
My clothes smell musty right after washing.
My sister is very beautiful.
d. Auxiliary Verb
Auxiliary verbs are verbs that appear before the main verb to modify its
meaning, such as am, is, are, was, were, do, does, did, may, might, can,
could, has, have, had, will, would.
Look at the examples below:
- He is working.
You may forget the embarrassing incident by tomorrow.
Is it clear about finite verbs? If you haven't yet and want to delve deeper
into English grammar, join the WSE GO (Wall Street English Goes
Online) program! You can take a Grammar Masterclass that focuses on
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C. Meaning of Infinitie

Verbal is a word that is formed from a verb, but functions as another part of
speech. Other verbs are gerund and participle. Like verbs, infinitives can be
accompanied by objects or modifiers.
An infinitive accompanied by an object or modifier forms a phrase called an
infinitive phrase.
In general, there are infinitive verbs that have a to component in front of the
verb, as well as infinitive verbs that are not accompanied by to. Infinitive
verbs that are not accompanied by a to are called bare infinitives.
Reporting from Grammar Monster, the infinitive verb can function as a noun
as a substitute for the subject, complement the subject, or direct object in the
middle of a sentence. In addition, infinitive verbs can also function as
substitutes for adjectives or adverbs in a sentence.
There are times when the infinitive verb is used after certain other verbs, such
as decide, need, help, appear, dream, and others.

Use of Infinitie Verbs in Sentences

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 There are several uses of infinitive verbs in English sentences. Among others
are:

1. Expressing necessity (must)

The students are to do the school assignment. (Murid-murid harus
mengerjakan tugas sekolah.)
She is to obey the rules of her parents. (Ia harus mematuhi peraturan orang
tuanya.)
I am to go home before 11.00 PM. (Aku harus pulang sebelum jam 11
malam.)

2. Expressing hope
The game is supposed to begin at 10.00 PM. (Permainan seharusnya dimulai
jam 10 malam.)
The committee is supposed to meet tomorrow. (Para komite seharusnya
bertemu besok.)
I am supposed to go to the meeting. My boss told me that he wants me to
attend. (Seharusnya aku pergi ke rapat. Atasanku memberitahu bahwa ia mau
aku hadir.)

3. Explain the purpose

He comes here to see me. (ia datang ke sini untuk menemui ku.)
We watched the match live to support the team. (kami menonton
pertandingan untuk mendukung tim.)
I borrow money to pay the rent. (aku meminjam uang untuk membayar.)
4. Used after the word order
The mobile phone was first to emerge in 1995. (telepon genggam pertama
kali muncul pada tahun 1995).
I am the second person to buy the book. (aku adalah orang kedua untuk
membeli buku.)
This is the thousandth to say the prayer. (ini adalah ke seribu kali untuk
mengucapkan doa.)

5. Explaining nouns
I need a glass of milk to drink. (aku butuh segelas susu untuk minum.)
We need some books to read. (kamu butuh beberapa buku untuk dibaca.)

6. Used after the words too and enough

It is too good to be true. (ini terlalu baik jika benar adanya.)
I have enough strength to lift the box. (aku memiliki kekuatan untuk
mengangkat kotaknya.)
I'm strong enough to lift the box. (aku cukup kuat untuk mengangkat
kotaknya.)

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7. Used after an adjective (adjective)
English is easy to learn. (bahasa inggris mudah untuk dipelajari.)
I am glad to meet you. (aku senang untuk bertemu denganmu.)
I am proud to have you as my brother. (aku bangga untuk memilikimu
sebagai adik/kakak.)

8. As a certain verb (verb) and used as an object of action (objective

pronoun)
She advised us to wait until tomorrow. (ia menyarankan untuk menunggu
sampai besok.)
He allows me to use his car. (ia mengijinkan ku untuk menggunakan
mobilnya.)
I'm asking you to help them. (aku meminta kesediaanmu untuk menolong
mereka.)

9. Following certain verbs

I can't afford to buy the new iPad. (aku tidak mampu untu membeli ipad.)
They agreed to help us. (mereka setuju untuk membantu.)
She is appearing to worry about the weather. (ia mulai mengkhawatirkan
cuaca.)

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 Chapter III
Closing

A. Conclusion
Based on the above paper, it can be concluded that:
1. Subject is one of the five main elements of the clause structure. The
other four are: verbs, complementary and auxiliary objects.
2. A finite verb is a form of a verb and has a subject and is used as the
main verb.
3. Infinite verbs can function as nouns instead of subject, subject
complement or direct object in the middle of a sentence.

B. Suggestion
Thus the paper that we have made, may be useful and increase the
knowledge of readers. We apologize if there are spelling errors in writing
words and sentences that are not clear, understandable, and
straightforward. Because we are only human beings who do not escape
from mistakes. And we also really hope for suggestions and criticism from
readers for the perfection of this paper. We hope that our closings can be
accepted in our hearts and we thank you profusely.

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 Bibiography

https://www.wallstreetenglish.co.id/english-tips/infinitive/
http://sana.aalto.fi/awe/grammar/subject.html#:~:text=The%20subject%20is%20a
%20grammatical,what%E2%80%94that%20causes%20the%20action
https://www.wallstreetenglish.co.id/english-tips/pengertian-finite-verb/
https://bobo.grid.id/amp/082930708/contoh-kalimat-bahasa-inggris-subject-you-i-
they-we-she-he-it?page=all
https://www.wallstreetenglish.co.id/english-tips/pengertian-finite-verb/

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