Topic 6

Telecommunications, the Internet,

and Wireless Technology
Adapted from slides provided by the authors of the textbook
“Management Information Systems : Managing the Digital Firms”
by Kenneth C. Laudon and Jane P. Laudon
HASLINDA BINTI NORADZAN
Lesson Outcomes:
Identify principal components of telecommunications networks and
key networking technologies

Recognize the different types of networks

Explain how Internet and Internet technology work and how do

they support communication and e-business

Determine the principal technologies and standards for wireless

networking, communication, and Internet access
Networking and Communication Trends

Telephone networks and computer networks converging

into single digital network using Internet standards
Wired Broadband and Wireless Broadband

More than 74% U.S. Internet users have broadband access

Voice, data communication are increasingly taking place over broadband wireless platforms
 Major Components in Simple Network

Client and Server Computer Network Operating System

Routes & manages communications
on the network & coordinates network
resources.

Network Interfaces Link the computer to the network

Hubs, Switches, Routers

connect network components,

sending a packet of data to all
other connected devices
Connection medium filter and forward data to a
specified destination on the
network.

route packets of data through

different networks
Software Defined Network (SDN)
New networking approach in which many of these control functions are managed by one
central program – helpful in cloud computing environment because allow a network admin
to manage traffic loads in a flexible & efficient manner.
Key Digital Networking Technologies
 Distributed computing model
Client/Server Computing  Clients linked through network controlled by network server computer
 Server sets rules of communication for network and provides every
client with an address so others can find it on the network
 Has largely replaced centralized mainframe computing
 The Internet: largest implementation of client/server computing

 Method of slicing digital messages into parcels (packets), sending packets along
Packet Switching different communication paths as they become available, and then reassembling
packets at destination
 Previous circuit-switched networks required assembly of complete point-to-
point circuit
 Packet switching more efficient use of network’s communications capacity

Transmission Control Protocol / Internet Protocol

TCP/IP and Connectivity
 Protocols: rules that govern transmission of information between two points
 Common worldwide standard that is basis for Internet
Different Types of Networks

Modem: translates digital

Signals : Digital VS. Analog signals into analog form
(and vice versa)

Local Area Networks (LAN)

Types of Networks
Metropolitan Area Networks (MAN)
Wide Area Networks (WAN)

Transmission Media and Transmission Speed Bits per second (bps)

Hertz: number of cycles per second that can be sent through that medium
Bandwidth: different between the highest & lowest frequencies on a single channel
 The Internet and Internet Technology
World’s most extensive network

Internet service providers (ISPs)

Provide connections
Types of Internet connections:
• Dial-up: 56.6 Kbps
• Digital subscriber line (DSL/FIOS): 385
Kbps–40 Mbps
• Cable Internet connections: 1–50 Mbps
• Satellite
• T1/T3 lines: 1.54–45 Mbps
Internet addressing and architecture
Each device on Internet assigned Internet Protocol (IP) address

Eg:145.10.34.3

32-bit number represented by four strings of numbers

ranging from 0 – 255, separated by periods.
The Domain name system (DNS)
Converts IP addresses to domain names
Internet Architecture and Governance
No one “owns” the Internet

however

Worldwide Internet policies established

by professional organizations and
government bodies:
Internet Architecture Board (IAB) –
define the overall structure of the
Internet
Internet Corporation for Assigned Names
and Numbers (ICANN) – assign IP
address
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) –
sets Hypertext Markup Language and
other programming standard for the
Web
 The Future Internet : IPv6 and Internet2

 New addressing scheme for IP numbers  Advanced networking consortium

 Will provide more than a quadrillion new  Developed high-capacity 100 Gbps
addresses testing network
 Not compatible with current IPv5  Testing leading-edge new
addressing technologies for Internet
Internet Services and Communication Tools
E-mail Telnet

Chatting and Instant Messaging

File Transfer Protocol

Newsgroup
World Wide Web
 Digital voice communication using IP, packet switching
Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

Unified Communication
Communications
systems that integrate
voice, data, e-mail,
conferencing

Virtual Private Network (VPN) Secure, encrypted, private

network run over Internet
 Website : A collection of Web pages linked to a homepage
The Web Web server : Software for locating and managing Web pages

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) –

formats documents & incorporated
dynamic links to other documents &
pictures stored in the same / remote
computers

Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)

- Communications standard used for
transferring Web pages; e.g.:
http://www.uitm.edu.my

Uniform resource locators (URLs) - Addresses of Web

pages; e.g.:
http://www.megacorp.com/content/features/082602.html
 Searching for Information on the Web
Search Engine
 Started as simpler programs using keyword indexes
 Google created page ranking system

Mobile Search
From smartphones and tablets Social Search
Provides fewer, more relevant, Intelligent Agent
Search engine marketing trustworthy search based on person’s Shopping Bots
Major advertising platforms and network of social contacts Searching for shopping
shopping tools information
Semantic Search Making purchase filter and
Search engine optimization Could understand human language and retrieve information about
Help website achieve higher ranking behavior product
Understand what people most likely
Search engine algorithms thinking when doing searching
To capture more of what user
intended and more the
“meaning” of the search
 Web 2.0 Interactivity
features

Real-time user control

Second-generation interactive Internet-Based services

Social participation
Services and tools
Blogs
User-generated content
chronological, informal
Web sites created by
individuals Social Networking
Blogosphere: totality enable users to build communities
of blog-related web of friends and share information
sites
Microblogging:blog Wikis
that have features collaborative Web sites where
short post of 140 visitors can add, delete, or
characters or less modify content on the site
e.g.: Twitter
Web 3.0: The “Semantic Web”
Web 1.0 : solved problem of obtaining access Web 2.0 : solved problem of sharing information with
to information others and building new Web experiences

Web 3.0 : all digital information, digital contacts can be woven together into a single meaningful experience

 A collaborative effort led by W3C to add layer of meaning to

the existing Web

 Goal is to reduce human effort in searching for and

processing information, making Web more intuitive

 Increased communication and synchronization with

computing devices, communities
 Wireless Networking, Communication and Internet Access
Cellular System : designed primarily for voice and limited data transmission in the form of short text messages
3G networks : 144Kbps to 2Mbps for mobile users – email, web browsing, online shopping
4G networks : 100Mbps for download and 50Mbps for upload – watch high definition video

Bluetooth (802.15) Wifi (802.11)

Links up to 8 devices in 10-m area using Used for wireless LAN and wireless Internet
low-power, radio-based communication access
Useful for personal networking (PANs) Used for wireless LAN and wireless Internet
access
WiMax(802.16)
Wireless access range of 31 miles
Transmission speed up to 75MBPS
Require WiMax antennas
 RFID and Wireless Sensor Networks
Radio frequency identification (RFID)
Use tiny tags with embedded microchips
containing data about an item and location
Tag antennas to transmit radio signals over
short distances to special RFID readers,
which send data over network to computer
for processing
 Automated
toll-collection
 Tracking
goods in a
supply chain
Wireless Sensor Networks
Networks of hundreds or
thousands of interconnected
wireless devices embedded into
physical environment to provide
measurements of many points over
large spaces

Used to monitor building security,

detect hazardous substances in air,
monitor environmental changes,
traffic, or military activity

Devices have built-in processing,

storage, and radio frequency
sensors and antennas

Require low-power, long-lasting

batteries and ability to endure in
the field without maintenance
How does VoIP and VPN provide values for business?

Compare between Wi-Fi and High Speed Cellular system for

accessing Internet. Give advantages and disadvantages of each

Differentiate between Active RFID and Passive RFID

Examples of Past Semester Examination
January 2018 (PART B- Question 6)

Describe how e-mail, instant messaging helps companies to share information

in their organization.
6 marks

July 2017 (PART B- Question 6)

Website that enable people to collaborate, share information, and create new
services and content online is referred to as Web 2.0

Briefly describe THREE (3) Web 2.0 services and tools available. 6 marks

The future web is referred to Web 3.0 also known as Semantic Web. Describe
the Web 3.0 4 marks