54 Chapter 3

Answer Key 2. B

Section 3-1 The ordered pairs {(−5,8), (−2, 7), (2, −1), (5,8)}
is a correct representation of the mapping shown.
1. D 2. B 3. B 4. A 5. C
6. 8 7. 12
3. B
Section 3-2 If point (7, b) is in Quadrant I, b is positive.
5 If point (a, −3) is in Quadrant III, a is negative.
1. A 2. C 3. D 4. or 2.5
2 Therefore, point (a, b) is in Quadrant II.
29 1
5. 12 6. or 14.5 7. or 0.25 4. A
2 4
f ( x) =−2 x + 7
Section 3-3
1 1
1. C 2. B 3. D 4. B 5. D To find f ( x + 3) , substitute x + 3 for x , in
2 2
the given function.
Section 3-4 1 1
f ( x + 3) = −2( x + 3) + 7
3 2 2
1. B 2. D 3. C 4. 14 5. or 1.5
2 =− x − 6 + 7 =− x + 1
6. 3
5. C
Section 3-5
g (=
x) kx3 + 3
4
1. B 2. B 3. or 0.8 4. C g (−1) = k (−1)3 + 3 = 5 g (−1) =
5
5
−k + 3 = 5 Simplify.
4
5. 1 6. or 1.33 k = −2 Solve for k .
3
Substitute −2 for k in the given function.
Section 3-6 g ( x) =kx3 + 3 =−2 x3 + 3
1. D 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C g (1) =−2(1)3 + 3 =1
6. 3
6. 8
1
Chapter 3 Practice Test f ( x + 1) =− x+6
2
1. C 2. B 3. C 4. C 5. B To find f (−3) , first solve x + 1 =−3 .
6. A 7. B 8. C 9. D 10. 3
x + 1 =−3 ⇒ x = −4 .
11. 2 12. 6
Substitute −4 for x in the given function.
1
f (−3) =− (−4) + 6 =8 .
2

Answers and Explanations

7. 12
Section 3-1 f ( x=
) x2 − b

1. D 7 ⇒ (−2) 2 − b =
f (−2) = 7
⇒ 4−b = 7 ⇒ b = −3
The domain of a function is the set of all
x- coordinates. Therefore, {−5, −2, 0, 4} is Therefore, f ( x=
) x2 + 3 .
the domain of the given function. f (b) = f (−3) =(−3) 2 + 3 =12
Answers and Explanations 55

Section 3-2 Section 3-3

1. A 1. C
change in y −1 − 3 −4 . Since the points (−4, 2) and (4, −4) lie on the line,
Rate of =
change = =
change in x 0 − (−3) 3 2 − (−4) 6 3
the slope of the line is = = − .
−4 − 4 −8 4
2. C 3
If we use the point (4, −4) and the slope m = − ,
Pick any two points from the table. 4
Let’s pick (−3, −1) and (6,5) . the point-slope form of the line is
3 3
Average rate of change =
change in y y − (−4) =− ( x − 4) or y + 4 =− ( x − 4) .
change in x 4 4
3
5 − (−1) 6 2 If we use the point (−4, 2) and the slope m = − ,
= = = 4
6 − (−3) 9 3 the point-slope form of the line is
3 3
3. D y − 2 =− ( x − (−4)) or y − 2 =− ( x + 4) .
4 4
y2 − y1 b − 1
=
slope = = 1 Choice C is correct.
x2 − x1 1 − a
⇒ b −1 = 1− a ⇒ a+b =2 2. B
3
5 y − 2 =− ( x + 4) Point-slope form of the line.
4. or 2.5 4
2
3
y − 2 =− x − 3 Distributive Property
y2 − y1 −8 − 2 −10 5 4
=
slope = = =
x2 − x1 −1 − 3 −4 2 3
y= − x −1 Add 2 to each side and simplify.
4
5. 12
y2 − y1 r −3 r −3 3. D
slope = = = = −1
x2 − x1 −5 − 4 −9 3
⇒ r −3 =9 ⇒ r = 12 y= − x −1 Slope-intercept form
4
3
29 4 y =4(− x − 1) Multiply each side by 4.
6. or 14.5 4
2
4y = −3 x − 4 Simplify.
y −y a−7 5
slope = 2 1 = = − 4 y + 3 x =−3 x − 4 + 3 x Add 3x to each side.
x2 − x1 1 − a 9
⇒ 9(a − 7) =−5(1 − a ) 3x + 4 y =
−4 Simplify.
⇒ 9a − 63 =−5 + 5a
58 29 4. B
⇒ 4a = 58 ⇒ = a =
4 2 Average rate of change
change in number of smart phones
1 =
7. or 0.25 change in years
4
− x + 4 y =6 345 − 120 225
= = = 45
Write the equation in slope-intercept form. 2010 − 2005 5
x 6 The increase in the average number of smart
− x + 4 y =6 ⇒ 4 y= x + 6 ⇒ y= + phones is 45 each year.
4 4
1
The slope of the line is .
4
56 Chapter 3

5. D 3
5. or 1.5
Since the line passes through point (4, −1) and 2
has slope −2 , the point-slope form of the line Since lines  and m are parallel, the two lines
is y − (−1) =−2( x − 4) . have the same slope. Therefore,
y + 1 =−2( x − 4) Point-slope form simplified. 0−3 −3 − b
= .
y + 1 =−2 x + 8 Distributive Property 2 − 0 −1 − (−4)
2x + y =7 2 x − 1 is added to each side. −3 −3 − b
= Simplified.
2 3
−9 =−6 − 2b Cross Multiplication
Section 3-4 −3 =−2b Add 6 to each side.
3
1. B =b Divide each side by −2 .
2
Lines that are parallel have the same slope.
So, we need to find the equation of a line with 6. 3
1
the slope − and the point (−2, ) .
1 1 − (−3) 2
The slope of line t is , or . So, the
2 2 2 − (−4) 3
The point-slope form of this line is
slope of the line perpendicular to line t is the
1 1
y − =− ( x − (−2)) . 2 3
2 2 negative reciprocal of , or − . Therefore,
3 2
1 1
y− = − x −1 Simplified. 3 −2 − 4
2 2 − = ⇒ −3(a + 1) = 2(−6)
2 a +1
1 1
2( y − ) =2(− x − 1) Multiply each side by 2. ⇒ −3a − 3 =−12
2 2 ⇒ −3a = −9 ⇒ a = 3
2 y − 1 =− x − 2 Simplify.
x + 2y = −1 x + 1 is added to each side.
Section 3-5
2. D
1. B
A line parallel to the x- axis has slope 0.
y − y1 = m( x − x1 ) Point-slope form =
y 2x + 4 First equation
y − 6= 0( x − 7) m = 0 , x1 = 7 , and y1 = 6 x − y =−1 Second equation
y−6 = 0 Simplify. Substituting 2 x + 4 for y in the second equation
y=6 gives x − (2 x + 4) =−1 .
x − (2 x + 4) =−1 ⇒ x − 2 x − 4 =−1
3. C
⇒ − x − 4 =−1 ⇒ − x = 3 or x = −3
If a line is parallel to the y - axis, it is a vertical Substituting −3 for x in the first equation gives
line and the equation is given in the form x = a , y =2(−3) + 4 =−2 . Therefore, the solution ( x, y )
in which a is the x- coordinate of the point the line to the given system of equations is (−3, −2) .
passes through. Therefore, the equation of the
vertical line that passes through (−5,1) is x = −5 . 2. B

4. 14 1
x+ y =1 First equation
2
13
13 can be rewritten as =
4x − 2 y = y 2x − . −2 x − y =
5 Second equation
2
The line has slope 2 . Lines that are parallel have 3
− x = 6 Add the equations.
b−2 2
the same slope. Therefore, 2 = .
5 +1 2 3
− (− x) =
2
− (6) Multiply each side by −
2
Solving the equation for b gives b = 14 . 3 2 3 3
Answers and Explanations 57

x = −4 Simplify. ax − y =0 ⇒ y = ax
1 1 1
(−4) + y =
1 Substitute −4 for x in the first 1 ⇒=
x − by = y x−
2 equation. b b
1
−2 + y =1 Simplify. If a = , the system of equations will have no
b
y=3 Add 2 to each side.
solution. Therefore, a ⋅ b =
1
Therefore, x + y =−4 + 3 =−1
4
6.
4 3
3.
5 In order for a system of two linear equations to
have infinitely many solutions, the two equations
If a system of two linear equations has no solution,
1
then the lines represented by the equations in the must be equivalent. The equation 2 x − y = 15
coordinate plane are parallel. So, the slopes of the 2
line are equal. can be rewritten as =y 4 x − 30 and the equation
2 x − ky = 1
14 1st equation ax − y = 10 can be rewritten as= y 3ax − 30 .
3
2 14
=
y x− 1st equation in slope-intercept form If two equations are equivalent, then 4 x = 3ax
k k
4
5x − 2 y =5 2nd equation or a = .
3
5 5
=
y x− 2nd equation in slope-intercept form
2 2 Section 3-6
The system of equations will have no solution
2 5 4 1. D
if = . Solving for k yields k = .
k 2 5 By definition, the absolute value of any expression
4 is a nonnegative number. Therefore, 1 − x + 6 > 0 ,
If k = , the y - intercept of the first equation is
5 1 − x + 4 > 0 , and 1 − x + 2 > 0 . Only 1 − x − 2
35 could be a negative number.
− , and the y - intercept of the second equation
2 1 − x − 2 =−1 ⇒ 1 − x = 1 ⇒ x = 2 or x = 0 .
5
is − . Therefore, the lines are parallel, but not
2 2. A
identical.
2x + 7 =
5
4. C 2x + 7 = 5 or 2 x + 7 =−5
2 x = −2 or 2 x = −12
In order for a system of two linear equations to x = −1 or x = −6
have infinitely many solutions, the two equations
must be equivalent. The two equations in the 3. A
answer choice A have different slopes. The two
equations in the answer choice B have different x −1 −1 =1
y - intercepts. For answer choice C, multiply by
x −1 =2 Add 1 to each side.
6 on each side of the first equation.
x − 1 =2 or x − 1 =−2 The expression can be 2 or −2 .
1 1
6( x − y ) = 6(1) ⇒ 3 x − 2 y = 6. x=3 or x = −1 Add 1 to each side.
2 3
The result is identical to the second equation. 4. D
Therefore, the two equations are equivalent.
The two equations in answer choice D have The expression 3 x − 5 is the absolute value
different slopes, of 3 x − 5 , and the absolute value can never be

5. 1 a negative number. Thus 3 x − 5 =−1 has no

solution
Change the two equations into slope-intercept form.
58 Chapter 3

5. C Solving for x yields x = 3 . Substituting 3 for x

The maximum value of the function corresponds to in the equation of the second line yields y = −1 .
the y - coordinate of the point on the graph, which Therefore, (a, b=
) (3, −1) and a + b = 3 − 1 = 2 .
is highest along the vertical axis. The highest point
along the y - axis has coordinates (1, 4) . Therefore, 3. C
the value of x at the maximum of f ( x) is 1. The expressions x + 5 or x − 5 can never be
a negative number. Thus 5 + x + 5 or 5 + x − 5
6. 3
can not equal zero. The expression − x − 5
3− 3− n =3
can never be a positive number. Thus −5 − x − 5
− 3− n =0 Subtract 3 from each side.
can not equal zero. If −5 + x + 5 =0 , then
If − 3 − n =0 or 3 − n =
0 , then 3 − n =0,
x+5 =
5 , when x = 0 .
Thus n = 3 .
4. C
y
4
Chapter 3 Practice Test
Quadrant II 3 Quadrant I
1. C 2
Use the slope formula to find the slope of the 1
function. Since f ( x) is a linear function, the x
−4 −3 −2 −1 O 1 2 3 4
slope between (−4, −4) and (0, −1) equals −1
the slope between (0, −1) and (6, k ) . −2
−1 − (−4) k − (−1)
Quadrant III −3 Quadrant IV
Therefore, = .
−4
0 − (−4) 6−0
3 k +1 If the slope of a line is positive, it is possible that
= Simplify.
4 6 the line contains no points from Quadrant II or
4(k + 1) =18 Cross Multiplication from Quadrant IV. If the slope of a line is negative,
it is possible that the line contains no points from
4k + 4 = 18 Distributive Property
Quadrant I or from Quadrant III. Since the line 
4k = 14 Subtract 4 from each side. contains points from each of the Quadrants I, III,
7 and IV, but no points from Quadrant II, the slope
k = or 3.5 Divide each side by 4.
2 of line  must be positive.

2. B 5. B
1
The equation of the line with slope and point x −3 −1 1 5
3
1 1 f ( x) 9 5 1 −7
(9,1) is y −=
1 ( x − 9) or =
y x−2.
3 3
−3 − 4
The slope of the second line is or −1 . First, find the slope of the linear function f .
5 − (−2) We can choose any two points from the table.
The equation of the second line is y − 4 =−1( x + 2) Let’s use (1,1) and (−1,5) to find the slope m
or y =− x + 2 . To find the point of intersection, 5 −1 4
of f . m = = = −2 . Thus the slope
1 −1 − 1 −2
substitute x − 2 for y in the second equation
3 intercept form of f can be written as
and solve for x . f ( x) =−2 x + b . From the table we know f (1) = 1 .
1
x − 2 =− x + 2 f (1) =−2(1) + b = 1 implies b = 3 . Thus f is
3 defined as f ( x) = −2 x + 3 .
Answers and Explanations 59

6. A Solving for a yields a = −2 .

Thus f ( x) =−2 x + 2 and
f ( x) =−6 x + 1
1 1
1 1 1
f ( x − 1) =−6( x − 1) + 1 Substitute x − 1 for x . f (− ) =−2(− ) + 2 =3 .
2 2 2 2 2
=−3 x + 6 + 1 Distributive Property
11. 2
=−3 x + 7 Simplify.
Use the slope formula.
7. B k − (−4) 3
=
Slope = .
Since the points (0,3000) and (4, 2400) lie on the 6−2 2
2400 − 3000 k +4 3
line, the slope of the line is = −150 . = Simplify.
4−0 4 2
The H - intercept of the line is 3,000. Therefore 2(k + 4) =3 ⋅ 4 Cross Product
the relationship between H and m can be 2k + 8 =
12 Distributive Property
represented by H = −150m + 3000 , the slope- Solving for k yields k = 2 .
intercept form of the line.
12. 6
8. C
Multiply by 3
H= −150m + 3000 1 3 9
Equation of the line x− y =
−11 ⇒ x− y= −33
1350 =−150m + 3000 Substitute 1350 for H . 3 4 4
Multiply by − 2
Solving for m yields m = 11 . 1 1 1
x+ y =
−1 ⇒ − x − y =2
2 6 3
9. D 9 1
Add the equations and we get − y − y = −31 .
The point-slope form of the line that passes 4 3
1 9 1
through the point (1, −2) and has a slope of 12(− y − y ) =12(−31) Multiply each side by 12.
3 4 3
1 −27 y − 4 y =−372 Distributive Property
is y + 2= ( x − 1) . The slope-intercept form of −31 y = −372 Simplify.
3
1 7 −31 y −372
the line is =y x − . We can replace f ( x) for = Divide each side by −31 .
3 3 −31 −31
1 7 y = 12 Simplify.
y to get the function form. Thus, f (= x) x− . 1 3
3 3 x− y = −11 First equation
Now check each answer choices. 3 4
1 3
1 7 4 x − (12) = −11 y = 12
A) (3, −2) f (3) = (3) − = − ≠ −2 3 4
3 3 3
1
x − 9 =−11 Simplify.
4 1 7 5 4 3
B) (2, − ) f (2) = (2) − = − ≠ −
3 3 3 3 3 1
x − 9 + 9 =−11 + 9 Add 9 to each side.
1 7 7 3
C) (0, −2) f (0) = (0) − = − ≠ −2 1
3 3 3 x = −2 Simplify.
3
8 1 7 8
D) (−1, − ) f (−1) = (−1) − =− 1
3( x)= 3(−2) Multiply each side by −2 .
3 3 3 3 3
Choice D is correct. x = −6 Simplify.

10. 3 Therefore, x + y =−6 + 12 =6 .

f ( x=
) ax + 2
If f (−1) =4 , then f (−1) = a (−1) + 2 = 4 .