FINITE ELEMENT METHOD

By:
SAKER M I MOHAMED
226060103141001

MASTER STUDY PROGRAM

The dynamic interaction of soil structures with acceptable absorption boundary conditions
must be considered when analyzing the inelastic seismic response of large-scale infrastructure.
This generally involves proper simulation, which is a very labor-intensive and time-consuming
operation. The use of classic finite element networks for micro-simulation makes the modeling
process more difficult because these structures are typically irregular, and the related processing
scale is typically greater. However, studies on effective solution algorithms and appropriate
element formulation that can achieve improved simulation, flexible network creation, and high
fidelity for large-scale complex structures remain a focus for civil engineers. This is despite the
fact that the development of computers has greatly increased the computational efficiency of
nonlinear problems. Numerous new algorithms have been created to expedite the computation of
inelastic response analysis based on various techniques, including reanalysis and inelastic
discrete finite element method because the nonlinear difficulties of structures typically arise in
small regions (IS-FEM). A semi-analytical technique noted for its flexible entanglement
capabilities and excellent resolution is the scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM).
SBFEM established the concept of discrete inelasticity, and the spring composite limit, along
with the newly configured elastically separated S-elements, can address issues with inter-element
bonding and nonlinearity in models with intricate dynamical interactions. He suggests a dynamic
solution approach. It has a structure like soil. The semi-analytical S component employed in the
inelastic separation approach is constructed for each subcomponent using a Gaussian numerical
integration scheme. With inelastic stress interpolation mapping of component S to acquire
greater inelastic degrees of freedom, the dynamic solution to the soil-structure interaction is
substantially the same as that of the static problem (IDOFs). This study not only maintains the
SBFEM's high accuracy and network flexibility but also significantly increases the effectiveness
of the nonlinear solution without sacrificing precision.
Introduction

When evaluating the seismic performance of big infrastructure projects, the inelastic
behavior is crucial for accurately modelling structures linking unbounded soil regions under
seismic excitations. The structures and enclosed soil domain are discretized together into a finite
element model with a large number of elements and nodes, and the modeling pretreatment and
nonlinear solution processes require significant manpower and computing resources in order to
solve the unbounded domain problem using the finite element method (FEM). Unless the chosen
soil domain is sufficiently large, conventional fixed boundaries and inertial force loading forms
are no longer appropriate for this type of problem. However, these approaches cannot fully
guarantee the accuracy of the calculation results, and the refined finite element model typically
becomes very large. Therefore, the current engineering study currently focuses on developing an
acceptable analysis model, absorbing boundary conditions, and an effective nonlinear solving
algorithm for problems involving large-scale soil-structure dynamic interaction.

The exact stiffness method, boundary element method, and scaled boundary finite element
method (SBFEM) are examples of global analysis analytical boundary conditions that strictly
satisfy the radiation damping at infinity; however, these methods cannot be used for the analysis
of nonlinear soil-structure interactions and are challenging to implement in commercial finite
element software. To mimic the radiation condition of an unbounded domain, approximate local
artificial boundaries, such as the viscous boundary, viscous-spring boundary, infinite element
method, and extrapolation boundary, are frequently employed on the artificial border of a finite
domain. The viscous-spring artificial boundary, which is frequently used to mimic radiation
damping and the elastic resuming behavior of infinite and semi-infinite media, has good stability
and sufficient precision when compared to other artificial borders. The work of and others
contain efforts based on the viscous-spring boundary.

Due of its numerous appealing characteristics, the FEM is a flexible numerical tool for
engineering applications. However, the boundary of the issue area must be complied with using
conventional finite elements, which creates challenges for applications involving the meshing of
several complicated structures. Some finite elements that are polygonal or polyhedral exhibit
greater adaptability and calculation accuracy when compared to standard finite elements. For this
type of element, previous works have created formulations that preserve computational accuracy.
A unique polygon scaled boundary element (S-element), based on the SBFEM's core idea, has
recently been created to handle more complex geometries, enhancing its flexibility and
usefulness. Due to its ease of implementation as a unique type of element in an existing finite
element computer program, the polygon S-element can be coupled smoothly with a conventional
finite element.

Basic frameworks of the IS-FEM

The basic idea of the ISFEM is introduced using a general 2D continuum volume, V, which
is discretized into a mesh of elements and specified in the Cartesian coordinate system.
According to the conventional FEM, an element's node displacement increment  can be thought
of as a fundamental unknown variable, and the element's incremental strain field can be
estimated as Δε =

BΔa,

Figure 1 Polygon S-element

Based on the concept of virtual work, the elemental governing equation of each element can
be established. The global governing equation can be formulated by taking into account only a
small number of collocation sites with nonzero incremental inelastic strain in a specific nonlinear
load step. The elemental governing equation is assembled for the entire volume.

Ke = structural global initial elastic stiffness matrix

K′′p = an inelastic state matrix

ΔX = n×1 displacement increment and linearization load

ΔF = n×1 displacement increment and linearization load

ΔE′′ pr = p×1 inelastic strain vector

Matrices k’ and k′′ p can be expressed as shown in the following Equations:

Because the matrices k′ s and k′′ s are related to the inelastic strain interpolation matrix
Cs(ξ,η), they cannot be calculated directly by the semi-analytical formulation. Therefore, an
effective numerical integral scheme for the inelasticity-separated S-element is necessary.

Figure 2Layout of the collocation points in each subelement

The inelasticity-separated concept is integrated into the SBFEM to create a novel S-element
formulation, which is then used to solve challenging soil-structure dynamic interaction problems.
Additionally, the methodology for taking into account viscous-spring artificial boundary
conditions is also examined in order to broaden the applicability of the suggested method. The
structure's local nonlinearity properties are what allow the suggested approach to reach such
great efficiency. Finally, a numerical example was provided to demonstrate the precision and
effectiveness of the suggested approach by contrasting the outcomes with those of the previously
used formulation for the polygon S-element nonlinear solution.