Vibares.

John Peter

Exercise No. 2

Load Flow Analysis

1. Objective(s):
The activity aims to characterize the power system and see how the system behaves under the test
condition.

2. Intended Learning Outcomes (ILOs):

The students shall be able to:

2.1 use the Load Flow Analysis feature of EDSA Paladin Design Base
2.2 interpret and characterize the power system behavior during normal condition.

3. Discussion:
A successful power system operation under normal balanced three – phase steady – state conditions
requires the following:
1. Generation supplies the demand (load) plus losses.
2. Bus voltage magnitudes remain close to rated values.
3. Generators operate within specified real and reactive power limits.
4. Transmission lines and transformers are not overloaded.
The power flow computer program also called load flow is the basic tool for investigating these
requirements. This program computes the voltage magnitude and angle at each bus in a power system
under balanced three – phase steady – state conditions. It also computes real and reactive power flows for
all equipment interconnecting the buses, as well as equipment losses.

This exercise will introduce the use of AC Power Flow Analysis in Paladin Design Base for a given single
line diagram and simulate it in order to find the real and reactive power flow, system loss and the voltage
magnitude and angle at each bus under its balanced condition.

4. Resources:

Personal Computer with EDSA Paladin Design Base Software

5. Procedure:

Start EDSA Paladin Design Base

1. Create the single line diagram illustrated in Figure 2.1.
Element Parameters
a. Sending End
13800 V
 SC MVA:
3P: 100, 80 MVA
L – L: 80, 64 MVA
L – G: 100, 80 MVA
X/R: 20
b. TR Sending LV Breaker

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Library Name: MV I4TPH
c. TR Sending
90 MVA
13.8/115 KV
Wye Grounded – Delta
d. TR Sending HV Breaker
Library Name: I4T - PH
e. Transmission Line
Library Name: 900
22 Miles
f. TR Receiving HV Breaker
Library Name: I4T - PH
g. TR Receiving
90 MVA
13.8/115 KV
Delta – Wye Grounded
h. TR Receiving LV Breaker
Library Name: MV I4TPH
i. Load
30 MVA
2. Check for errors. Run the Advanced Power Flow Analysis. An additional menu will appear as
seen in Figure 2-1.

Figure 2-1. Advanced Power Flow Analysis Menu

3. Select the AC/DC Power Flow from the list. Once selected, the menu will change as seen in Figure
2-2.

Figure 2-2. AC/DC Power Flow

4. Click the Analyze Button.
5. A message will appear if the system is converged in its AC/DC Power Flow Analysis as seen in
Figure 2-3.
 Figure 2-3. Message Showing that the system converges

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Figure 2-4. Single Line Diagram for Exercise 2

6. Click the Report Manager Button. A pop – up window will appear as seen in Figure 2-5.
Figure 2-5. Report Manager

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7. Click the Full Power Report Format 1. A text file will appear showing the different system values.
8. From the full power report, find the summary of total generation and demand and record it on
Table 2-1.
9. Record the Bus Data on Table 2-2.
10. Sort the branch data from highest to lowest resistance and record it on Table
2-3. 11. Record the Transformer & Line Voltage Regulator Data on Table 2-4.
12. Record the Bus Voltage Results on Table 2-5.
13. Sort the Branch Power Flow Values from highest loss (MW) to lowest and record it on Table
2-6. 14. Sort the Branch Current Flow Values from highest kA to lowest and record it on Table 2-
7. 15. Sort the Transformer & Line Voltage Regulator Loading from highest loading (%) to lowest
and record it on Table 2-8.
16. Close the Full Report Format 1. Click on the Annotation button on the AC/DC Power Flow
Menu and check the configuration as seen in Figure 2-6.

Figure 2-6. Power Flow Annotation Menu

17. Click Ok. Notice that the different buses/branches will change color depending on what violation
it has which can be seen on Figure 2-7.
18. Save your work and print your Single Line Diagram on an 8.5” X 11” bond paper and attached
with this Laboratory Report.

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Figure 2-7. Single Line Diagram with Annotation

6. Data and Results:

Table 2-1. Summary of Total Generation and Demand
P (MW) Q (Mvar) S (MVA) PF (%)

Swing Bus 25.783 17.288 31.042 83.06

Generators 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00

Shunt 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00

 Static Load 25.500 15.803 30.000 85.00

Motor Load 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.00

Total Loss 0.286 1.485

Mismatch -0.003 -0.000

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Table 2-2. Bus Data

Bus Name V P Q C
(MW) (Mvar) (Mvar)
Mag (kV) Ang (deg)

Sending End 13.800 0 0.00 0.00

Load 13.800 0 -25.50 -15.80

Total Generating Sources 0.00 0.00 0.00

Total Bus Loads -25.50 -15.80

Table 2-3. Branch Data

Branch Name Ω XΩ β/ ℧)

TR Receiving HV 0.0001 0.0000

Breaker

TR Receiving LV 0.0001 0.0000

Breaker

TR Sending HV 0.0001 0.0000

Breaker

TR Sending LV 0.0001 0.0000

Breaker

Transmission Line 1.5605 3.5777

Table 2-4. Transformer & Line Voltage Regulator Data
Branch Name Ω XΩ F_Tap (pu) T_Tap (pu)

TR Receiving 0.8000 5.6900 1.000 1.000

TR Sending 0.8000 5.6900 1.000 1.000

Table 2-5. Bus Voltage Results

Bus Name V DROP ANG P Q PF
(kV) (%) (Deg) (MW) (Mvar) (%)

Sending 13.800 0.00 0.0 25.78 17.29 83.06

End

Load 13.335 3.37 -2.1 -25.50 -15.80 85.00

Table 2-6. Branch Power Flow Values

Branch Name From → To Flow To → From Flow Losses

(MW) (Mvar) (MW) (Mvar) (MW) (Mvar)

TR Receiving 25.59 16.42 -25.59 -16.41 0.00 0.00

HV Breaker

TR Receiving 25.50 15.81 -25.50 -15.80 0.00 0.00

LV Breaker

TR Sending 25.70 16.68 -25.70 -16.68 0.00 0.00

HV Breaker

TR Sending 25.78 16.29 -25.78 -17.29 0.00 0.00

LV Breaker

Transmission 25.69 16.68 -25.58 -16.42 0.11 0.26

Line

TR Receiving 25.59 16.41 -25.50 -15.81 0.09 0.61

TR Sending 25.78 17.29 -25.70 -16.68 0.09 0.61

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Table 2-7. Branch Current Flow Values

Branch Name Current Angle Ampacity Loading
(kA) (Deg) (kA) (%)

TR Receiving HV 0.156 -3.8 5.000 3%

Breaker

TR Receiving LV 1.299 -33.8 4.000 32%

Breaker

TR Sending HV 0.156 -3.8 5.000 3%

Breaker

TR Sending LV 1.299 -33.8 4.000 32%

Breaker

Transmission 0.156 -3.8 0.458 34%

Line

TR Receiving 0.156 -3.8

TR Sending 1.299 -33.8

Table 2-8. Transformer & Line Voltage Regulator Loading

Branch Name Capacity Loading F_Tap T_Tap
(MVA) (pu) (pu)
(MVA) (%)

TR Receiving 90.00 30.40 34% 1.000 1.000

TR Sending 90.00 31.04 34% 1.000 1.000

7. Conclusion:
Help determining the voltage magnitude and angle at each busbar until
there is an equilibrium in active and reactive power at which point power
mismatches are insignificant. Calculating the final values of the busbars
voltage is not always straightforward especially for heavily loaded and
complex systems.

The starting point of solving power flow problems is to identify the known
and unknown variables in the system.

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8. Assessment:

CRITERIA BEGINNER ACCEPTABLE PROFICIENT SCORE

1 2 3

I. Laboratory Skills
Manipulative Skills Student do not Student occasionally Student always
demonstrate needed demonstrate needed demonstrate needed
skills. skills skills.

Process Skills Student do not Student occasionally Student always

demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted demonstrate targeted
process skills. process skills. process skills.

II. Work Habits

Time Student do not finish on Student finish on time Student finish ahead of
Management / time with incomplete data. with incomplete data. time with complete data
Conduct of and time to revise data.
Exercise
 Ability to do Student require Student require Student do not need to be
independent work supervision by the occasional supervision supervised by the
teacher. by the teacher. teacher.

III. Laboratory Report

Appearance/ Untidy Report. Neat Report. Neat and well –
Organization/ Submitted Laboratory Submitted Laboratory presented report.
Completeness report did not follow the report followed the given Submitted Laboratory
of Laboratory given format, not format, organized but with report followed the given
Report organized and not original complete required format, organized, original
but with complete contents and with complete
required contents required contents.

Conclusion Ideas were inappropriate Ideas were somehow Ideas were very much
to the exercise. appropriate to the appropriate to the
Not clear, incomplete and exercise that has been exercise that has been
too short. performed. Clear but not performed. Very clear,
complete and too short. complete and sufficient
to form a conclusion.

Use of Language Inappropriate use of Appropriate choice of Uses rich and

words. language. imaginative language.
Poor grammar and Few grammatical and Excellent grammar
bad sentence syntax errors. and sentence
construction. Can express ideas. construction.
Cannot express ideas Ideas are expressed
clearly. clearly and precisely.

Other Comments/Observations: Total Score

ating Total Score

11

9. Reference(s):

“Paladin Design Base – Quick Start Guide” by EDSA MICRO CORPORATION

“Power System: Analysis and Design” by J.Duncan Glover, Mulukutlsa S. Sarma and Thomas Overbye

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