1. Draw the Use Cases and define all the classes for Employee Management System.

The system as such as it is designed is called Employee Management System

(EMS).Employee Management System is documented using UML Diagrams and very
easy to understand. This Employee Management System is designed to Manage the
Recruitment & new Employee Registration process and Manage each Employee data.
Attendance Management System and Salary Management Systems are also
embedded. UML Diagrams ( Use Case Diagram, Activity Diagram, State Chart
Diagram or State Machine, Sequence Diagram, Class Diagram, Deployment
Diagram, Component Diagram ) and text are for this documentation.

An employee management system or EMS is a tool that helps improve employee

satisfaction and productivity to help a company achieve their overall goals. These
tools help monitor, assess and control employees' working hours and efficiently
utilize human resources.

In UML, use-case diagrams model the behavior of a system and help to capture the
requirements of the system. Use-case diagrams describe the high-level functions and
scope of a system. These diagrams also identify the interactions between the system
and its actors.

Employee Management System Class Diagram describes the structure of an

Employee Management System classes, their attributes, operations (or methods), and
the relation- ships among objects. The main classes of the Employee Management
System are Employee, Salary, Leaves, Experience, Login, and Attendance.

s
2. Suppose that you need to build software for a Railway Reservation System. Write a
statement of scope that describes the software
The Reservation system should contain the following features: 
 If a passenger wants to reserve ticket(s), firstly, he/she has to log in to the Railway
system with valid credentials. Then, the passenger has to provide his/her details with the
date of the journey, names of the passengers and their details, origin station details,
destination station details, and the class type of the required ticket(s).
 The Railway Reservation System will provide the available Train-list, and Seat-
availability, via-details.
 To book a ticket passengers can pay through online/offline mode. After successful
payment of the ticket fare the System will generate the ticket and PNR no. will be given
to the passenger. The System also keeps the payment details and sends them to the
system Admin.
 The Passenger can check PNR status (confirmed, RAC, waiting list) by entering the PNR
no. into the Reservation system.
  The Reservation system should store all train details, fare details (by zone, class, and date
wise), PNR no, date of trains, etc. This maintenance should be controlled by the Admin. 
 The System also has refund rules which have a date of reservation, ticket fare, and
refundable percentage. The passenger can simply cancel the ticket(s) by entering the PNR
no and a cancel ticket request. After cancelation, the Admin will pass the refundable
amount to the System and the System will give the refundable amount to the passenger
3. Mention the four major operating activities included in a cash flow statement
o Every business uses cash flow statement for knowing the changes in the cash and
cash equivalents. Even though these statements are much bothered about cash
flows, these also help in assessing balance sheet and income changes. Hence these
are classified based on the various activities let us discuss them in brief.

Classification of Activities for Cash Flow Statement

Cash flow activities majorly classified into three categories they are:

 Operating activities

 Investment activities

 Financing activities
These three activities help us to asses the financial position of a firm and also helps to know
various cash and cash equivalent transactions incurred.

1. Draw the Use Cases and define all the classes for Automatic Teller Machin
2. Develop Software Requirements Specification for the Railway Reservation System
o A Software Requirements Specification (SRS) is a document that describes the
nature of a project, software or application. In simple words, SRS document is a
manual of a project provided it is prepared before you kick-start a
project/application. This document is also known by the names SRS report,
software document. A software document is primarily prepared for a project,
software, or any kind of application
o There are a set of guidelines to be followed while preparing the software
requirement specification document. This includes the purpose, scope, functional
and nonfunctional requirements, software and hardware requirements of the
project. In addition to this, it also contains the information about environmental
conditions required, safety and security requirements, software quality attributes
of the project etc.
3. What is working capital and what factors affect the size of working capital in an
enterprise?
o Excess of current assets of an organisation over its current liabilities is known
as Working Capital. It can also be defined as that part of total capital, which is
required for holding current assets.
o Current Assets are the assets, which can be converted into cash and cash
equivalents within a period of one year. Investment in these assets helps an
organisation in its day-to-day operations. They also provide liquidity to the
business but does not contribute much to its profits. Therefore, an organisation
has to maintain a balance between the liquidity and profitability. For
example, cash in hand, debtors, bills receivables, etc.
o Current Liabilities are the liabilities of a firm which are payable within a period
of one year. For example, creditors, bills payable, advance received, outstanding
expenses, etc.
4. Draw the Sequence and Collaboration diagrams for Automatic Teller Machine.
o Sequence diagrams
o
o

o Collaboration

o
5. Draw DFDs up to appropriate levels for the Railway Reservation System

o
6. Draw the Sequence and Collaboration diagrams for Employee Management System

o
7. Draw ERDs for the Railway Reservation System. Describe the relationships between
different entities
 o

8. What is a Ledger in Tally? Create a sample ledger in Tally

o A ledger is the actual account head to identify your transactions and are used in
all accounting vouchers. For example, purchase, payments, sales, receipts, and
others accounts heads are ledger accounts. Without a ledger, you cannot record
any transaction. Predefined Ledgers. Create ledgers one-by-one.
9. Draw the state Transition Diagrams and Class Diagrams for Automatic Teller Machine

o
1. Design Data Dictionary for Railway Reservation System.
Ans:

 
 2. Open a ledger named Purchase and then delete it. Change the name of ledger from
Purchase to Sales. Draw the state Transition Diagrams and Class Diagrams for Employee
Management System.  
Ans:

Create, Alter, Delete Ledgers

A ledger is the actual account head to identify your transactions and are used in all
accounting vouchers. For example, purchase, payments, sales, receipts, and others
accounts heads are ledger accounts. Without a ledger, you cannot record any
transaction.

Predefined Ledgers
All ledgers have to be classified into groups . These groups and ledgers are classified into
profit and loss or balance sheet.

There are two pre-defined ledgers in Tally.ERP 9:

● Cash ledger
● Profit and loss account

Create Ledgers one-by-one

1. Go to Gateway of Tally > Accounts Info. > Ledgers > Create (Single
Ledger) . The Ledger Creation screen appears as shown below:
2. Enter the Name of the ledger account. Duplicate names are not allowed.
3. Enter the alias of the ledger account, if required. You can access the ledgers using
the original name or the alias name.
4. Select a group category from the List of Groups.
5. Enter the Opening Balance. The opening balance is applicable when the ledger is
an asset or a liability, and also if it has a balance in the account as on the date of
beginning of books.

Display, Alter and Delete Ledgers

You can alter any information of the ledger master with the except for the closing
balance under the group s tock-in-hand .

Display/alter a ledger
● Go to Gateway of Tally > Accounts Info. > Ledgers > Display or Alter .
Modification of account ledgers is possible for single ledgers as well as multiple
ledgers. However for multiple ledgers, all the fields are not available for
alteration.

Delete a ledger
● Go to Gateway of Tally > Accounts Info. > Ledgers > Alter > Press Alt+D .

Current Liabilities and Current Assets Ledgers

Accounts like Outstanding Liabilities, Statutory Liabilities and other minor liabilities can
be created directly under Current Liabilities and Assets can be classified as Current
assets and Fixed assets. To create Fixed Assets ledger:

1. Go to Gateway of Tally > Accounts Info. > Ledgers > Create .

2. Enable Inventory values are affected option if you maintain accounts with
inventory. However, you can use this option for accounts like Customs Duty, direct
expenses related to purchases such as Freight Inwards and so on.
3. Enable Cost Centres are applicable to allocate transactions to a particular Cost
Center. You have to set the option Maintain cost centres to Yes in F11:
Accounting Features , to get this option in the Ledger creation screen.

Tax Ledger
Tax Ledgers should be created under Duties and Taxes group which contains all tax
accounts like VAT, CENVAT, Excise, Sales and other trade taxes and total liability.

1. Go to Gateway of Tally > Accounts Info. > Ledgers > Create .

2. The option Type of Duty/Tax is based on statutory compliance of the company. For
Indian statutory, by default, Others is displayed. Depending on features in F11:
Statutory & Taxation , more options can be included in the Type of Duty/Tax.
3. Enable Inventory values affected option if you maintain accounts with inventory.
However, you can use this option for accounts like Customs Duty, direct expenses
related to purchases such as Freight Inwards and so on.
4. Enable Cost Centres are applicable to allocate transactions to a particular Cost
Center. You have to set the option Maintain cost centres to Yes in F11: Accounting
Features , to get this option in the Ledger creation screen.
5. Select the Percentage of Calculation the rate of tax e.g. 5%, 10%, 12.5% etc.
You can use an automatic discount calculation facility by specifying a negative
percentage in this field. The Group Duties and Taxes is used for automatic tax
calculation.
6. On entering a percentage, a new field Method of Calculation is displayed. From
the Method of Calculation , select appropriate options to calculate the Tax/Duty.

Expenses and Income Ledgers

You can select the income or expenses account group to create ledgers.

1. Go to Gateway of Tally > Accounts Info. > Ledgers > Create .

2. Enter the name of the ledger in the Name field.
3. Select Indirect Expenses from the List of Groups in the Under field
4. Set the option Inventory values are affected? to Yes if your company maintains
a ccounts with inventory.

State Transition Diagram

Class Diagram
 3. Develop a modular design for Railway Reservation System.
Ans:

 
4. What do you understand by Voucher? Show the use of all the Voucher types available
with Tally  
Ans:
Voucher is a document which contains details of transaction. Transactions are to be recorded
through voucher entries. Tally has a set of predefined vouchers such as purchase, sales,
payment, receipt and contra. To view the list of voucher type Gateway of Tally > Masters >
Accounts Info > Voucher Types > Display As per the requirement of users, additional
voucher type can be created.

Types of Accounting Voucher In Tally

Date Particular Debit Credit

1/1/1 Cash / Bank 50000

Cash / Bank 50000

 1. Contra Voucher (F4)
Contra Voucher is used for the following transactions
1. To deposit cash in a bank or in a bank (cash deposit in a bank)
2. Cash Withdrawal from the Bank (Cash Withdrawal from the Bank)
3. To transfer money from my bank account to my own bank account
When any transaction involves only bank and cash, all those entries will be
in the contra voucher
2. Payment Vouchers (F5)

Date Particular Debit Credit

1/1/1/ Mr. XYZ 50000

Cash / Bank / Cheque 50000

When a company, firm or individual makes payment to outsiders through cash or bank,
we use payment vouchers.

Date Particular Debit Credit

1/1/1 Cash / Bank/ person 50000

Mr. XYZ 50000

3. Receipt Voucher (F6)

When a merchant receives a payment, we always put that entry in the receipt voucher,
this payment can be either cash or bank transfer.

Date Particular Debit Credit

1/1/1 Person/ Exp / assets 50000

Person / exp / assets 50000

4. Journal Voucher (F7)

Any entry which does not include bank and cash is made in the journal voucher,

Date Particular Debit Credit

1/1/1 Cash / Bank 40000

 Sales 40000
5. Sales Voucher (F8)

When a company or individual sells any goods on cash or on credit, that entry is made in
the sales voucher.

Date Particular Debit Credit

1/1/1 Purchase 50000

Cash / Bank 50000

6. Purchase Voucher (F9)

When one buys goods on credit or in cash, he always makes that entry in the purchase
voucher.

7. Credit Note Voucher (Ctrl + F8)

Sometimes it happens that a company sells its goods, but they come back. In this way
we have to enter the sales return in the credit note voucher, the sale is returned to any
company, because when the goods are sold then there is income but if there is return
then the company has to bear the Expenses.

8. Debit Note Voucher (Ctrl+F9)

We buy a goods, but if for some reason it has to be returned, it is called purchase return,
purchase return is income for a company, because when it returns the goods, the
company will get money in return, Make Purchase Entry Debit Note Voucher Refund
These vouchers are always used whenever any entry is made in tally and on the basis of
these your profit and loss account and balance sheet is prepared.

5. Draw the Component Deployment Model for Automatic Teller Machine.

Ans:
 1. Develop user interface design for Railway Reservation System.

Ans:
2. Open two companies with different names in Tally. Put meaningful information into all the options
available under heading ‘Company Info’.

ANS:
Create Group Company

Let us assume that you own a textile business in Bangalore (Karnataka) called National
Enterprises, which consists of sister concerns in the neighboring cities of Chennai (Tamil
Nadu) and Hyderabad (Telangana). The unit in Bangalore deals in fabrics, while the sister
concerns in Chennai and Hyderabad deal in ready-made Western and ethnic clothing,
respectively. You can create a group company in Tally Prime by adding your sister
concerns.

However, before creating a group company, it is recommended that:

 The member companies have the same Base currency symbol and Formal name.
You can verify this in the Company Creation/Alteration screen.
 The member companies have uniform books/charts of accounts. In other words,
the corresponding masters/ledgers should have the same names across
companies. This will help in proper consolidation of accounts and accuracy of MIS
reports. For example, if the sales ledgers are named as Sales in one company and
Sale in another company, it might lead to confusion and improper consolidation in
the group company.

Now, you can proceed to create your group company.

1. Press Alt+F3 (Select Company) and load the required member companies.

2. Open the Group Company Creation screen.
a. Press Alt+K (Company) > Create.
b. In the Company Creation screen, press Alt+R (Group Company).
3. In the Group Company Creation screen:
a. Enter the Name of the group company along with the required details. For
correspondence, you can enter the address that is relevant to your group
company.
b. In the Member companies fi eld, select the member companies from the List
of Companies.

1. Enter a name for the group.

2. Enter a group category. If a group is created under Primary you must select from
asset, expenses, income or liability.
3. Select the Nature of Group .
4. Select Yes for the option Group behaves like sub-ledger? to allow groups to act
as a ledger.
o When the option Group behaves like sub-ledger? is set to Yes , the ledgers
grouped under the same is not displayed in detailed mode
o When the option Group behaves like sub-ledger? is set to No , all the ledgers
that are grouped is displayed in detailed mode
5. Set Nett Debit/Credit Balances for Reporting? to Yes to display net debit or
credit balance in the report (whichever is higher).
6. Set Used for Calculation (e.g. taxes, discounts)? to Yes if ledgers under this group
have percentages for discounts or taxes to be used in invoice entry. This is displayed while
passing voucher in invoice mode and for automatic calculations.
7. Select Method to Allocate when used in Purchase Invoice from the Allocation
Methods list to allocate the expense of the item in the ratio of the quantity or value.