Technological Institute of the Philippines

938 Aurora Blvd. Cubao, Quezon City

DESIGN FOR A DC GENERATOR

EE 023 – EE31S1

Electrical Machine 1

Submitted by:

Justine Troy D. Asilo

1911044

SPECIFICATIONS:

Given Rating: 5 kW

Poles: 4

Voltage: 230/250 V

Speed: 900 rpm

Frequency: 30 Hz
1. 𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒇𝒓𝒆𝒒𝒖𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒚
120(30) 900(4)
𝑝= =4 𝑓= = 30 𝐻𝑧
900 120

2. (𝒓) 𝑹𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒄 𝒕𝒐 𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒑𝒊𝒕𝒄𝒉

𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 = 0.64
3. (𝒒) 𝑺𝒑𝒆𝒄𝒊𝒇𝒊𝒄 𝑳𝒐𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈

𝑞 = 400
4. (𝑩𝒈”)𝑨𝑩𝑪 𝑮𝒂𝒑 𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚

𝐵𝑔" = 37,000

5. 𝑳𝒊𝒏𝒆 𝑪𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕
𝑘𝑊 5000
𝐼= = = 20 𝐴𝑚𝑝.
250 250
𝟔. 𝑻𝒚𝒑𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝑾𝒊𝒏𝒅𝒊𝒏𝒈
𝐿𝑎𝑝 𝑤𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑛𝑔

𝐼 = 20 𝐴𝑚𝑝.

7. (𝑰𝒄) 𝑨𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝑪𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝑪𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒖𝒊𝒕 (𝑺𝒉𝒖𝒕 𝑬𝒙𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝟑. 𝟓%)

20
𝐼𝐶 = (1 + 0.035) = 5.175 𝐴𝑚𝑝.
4

8-9-10 𝑨𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝑫𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓

𝑊 6.06𝑥108 5000 6.06𝑥108

𝐴= (
𝑁 (𝐵𝑔")(𝑟)(𝑞)
) = (
900 (37000)(0.64)(400)
) = 𝟑𝟓𝟓.43

𝜋(𝑟) 𝜋(0.64)
𝐼𝑎 = 𝑥𝐷 = 𝑥𝐷 = 𝟎. 𝟕𝟏𝑫
𝑝(0.71) 4(0.71)
 3 355.43
𝐷= √ = 𝟖 𝒊𝒏.
0.71

𝑺𝒐𝒍𝒗𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒑𝒉𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒍 𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒐𝒄𝒊𝒕𝒚

𝑓𝑝𝑚 3000 < 𝑣 < 10000
𝜋𝐷𝑁 𝜋(8)(900)
𝑉= = = 𝟏𝟖𝟖𝟒. 𝟗𝟔 𝒇𝒑𝒎
12 12

For the condition, Armature Ampere Conductor should not exceed 25,000
𝑍(𝐼𝐶 ) 𝑞𝜋𝐷 400(𝜋)(8)
= = = 𝟐, 𝟓𝟏𝟑. 𝟐𝟕
𝑝 𝑝 4

11-12-13. 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑰𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔, 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒕𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒕.

𝑨. 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒉𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒅𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝜋𝐷𝑞 𝜋(8)(400) 5.175

𝑍= = = 𝟏𝟗𝟒𝟐. 𝟔𝟑 𝑞𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 250𝑥 ( ) = 𝟓𝟏. 𝟒𝟖
𝐼𝐶 5.175 8(𝜋)

B. 𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒕
𝑍 1942.63
𝑆= = = 𝟒𝟖𝟓
4 4

C. 𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝒔𝒍𝒐𝒕 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒆

𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 485 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝟒𝟖𝟓 𝟏𝟐𝟐
= = 𝟏𝟐𝟏. 𝟐𝟓 𝑛𝑒𝑤 = = = 𝟏𝟏𝒙𝟎. 𝟔𝟒 = 𝟕. 𝟏
𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑒 4 𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝟒 𝟐

14. 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆

2
400
𝐼𝑎 𝐷𝑛𝑒𝑤 = 355 ( ) = 𝟐𝟕𝟔𝟏. 𝟔𝟗
51.48

2761.69
𝐼𝑎 = = 𝟒𝟑. 𝟏𝟓 𝒊𝒏.
82
15. 𝑭𝒍𝒖𝒙 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒆 (𝒐𝒑𝒆𝒏 𝒄𝒊𝒓𝒄𝒖𝒊𝒕

𝟐𝟑𝟎(𝟔𝟎𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟖 )(𝟒)
𝝓= = 𝟔𝟗𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑𝟑. 𝟑𝟑 𝒎𝒂𝒙𝒘𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒔
𝟗𝟎𝟎(𝟒)(𝟐𝟓𝟎)

16-17-18. 𝑷𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒑𝒊𝒕𝒄𝒉, 𝑷𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒄, 𝑷𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂

𝝅(𝟖)
𝑨. 𝑷𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒑𝒊𝒕𝒄𝒉 = 𝟒
= 𝟔. 𝟐𝟖 𝒊𝒏.

𝑩. 𝑷𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒄 = 𝒓𝒓 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟒(𝟔. 𝟐𝟖) = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟐 𝒊𝒏.

𝑪. 𝑷𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 = 𝒓𝒓 = 𝟒. 𝟎𝟐(𝟒𝟑. 𝟒𝟖) = 𝟏𝟕𝟒. 𝟕𝟗 𝒊𝒏.𝟐

𝐹𝑙𝑢𝑥 6933333.33
𝐵𝑔" = = = 𝟑𝟗, 𝟔𝟔𝟔. 𝟔𝟓 𝒍𝒊𝒏𝒆𝒔⁄ 𝟐
𝑃𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 174.79 𝒊𝒏.

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝐺𝑎𝑝 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑖𝑠,

𝜙 6933333.33
𝐵𝑔 " = = = 𝟑𝟗, 𝟔𝟓𝟔. 𝟑𝟗
rτla (0.64)(6.28)(43.5)

19-20-21-22. Dimensions of slot and Armature Conductors

𝑘 𝑣 700,000 1884.96 𝑎𝑚𝑝
▲= + = + = 2,221.24 ⁄𝑖𝑛.2
𝑞 4 400 4

𝐼𝐶
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝐶𝑟𝑜𝑠𝑠 𝑆𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 = = 𝟐. 𝟑𝟑 𝒔𝒒 𝒊𝒏.
▲
𝜋(𝐷) 𝜋(8)
𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑡 𝑝𝑖𝑡𝑐ℎ = 𝜆 = = = 5.18 𝑖𝑛.
485 485
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 𝑠
s = 0.40 in.
𝑡
𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑜𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ = = 1.305
𝑠

𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 𝑖𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛= 27+(230/30) = 35 mils.

𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑐𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑜𝑛 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 = 16 mils.

 𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑝𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑓𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑒𝑎𝑐ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑠,

0.4 − (3𝑥0.016) − (2𝑥0.035)

= 0.07 𝑖𝑛.
4

d = 0.08 = 0.572 in or 0.58 in

2(0.07)

23. 𝑻𝒐𝒐𝒕𝒉 𝑫𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑝 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑠 = λ − s = 5.18 − 0.4 = 4.78

𝑇ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑟𝑜𝑢𝑔ℎ 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡 𝑖𝑠 = 𝜋(8 − 2.8) = 16.34
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑙𝑜𝑡𝑠 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑒𝑙 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑜𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑖𝑠
16.34
( ) − 0.4 = 0.03
485

24-25. 𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝑹𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑽𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒍𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝑫𝒖𝒄𝒕𝒔

Refer to Art. 16. Not more than three ducts should be necessary in an armature 9 to 11 in.
3
long, with each duct in. wide.
8
𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑅𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑎𝑙 𝐷𝑢𝑐𝑡 (𝐼𝑣 )
3
𝐼𝑣 = 𝑖𝑛. 𝑜𝑟 0.375 𝑖𝑛.
8

26. 𝑵𝒆𝒕 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆

𝐼𝑛 = 0.92 (𝐼𝑎 − 𝐼𝑣 ) = 0.92[43.48 − 1(0.375)] = 39.66 𝑖𝑛.

27. 𝑵𝒆𝒕 𝑪𝒓𝒐𝒔𝒔 𝑺𝒆𝒄𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑻𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉 𝒖𝒏𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑷𝒐𝒍𝒆

39.66(0.64)(7.1)(0.03) = 5.42

28. 𝑭𝒍𝒖𝒙 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒊𝒏 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉.

6933333.33
𝐵𝑡 " = = 1279212.79 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠⁄𝑖𝑛.2
5.42
𝑁𝑜𝑡𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑠 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑏𝑜𝑣𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑢𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑡 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑝𝑎𝑔𝑒 40 𝑓𝑜𝑟 60 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠.
𝑖𝑡 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒, 𝑏𝑒 𝑛𝑒𝑐𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑡𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡 (𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒) 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔
𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑙𝑢𝑥 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑑𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑡𝑜 𝑎 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒. 𝐴𝑓𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝑠𝑜𝑚𝑒 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑛
𝑎𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 = 10.25 𝑖𝑛. 𝑤𝑎𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑 𝑡𝑜 𝑏𝑒 𝑠𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑠𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑦.
𝐼𝑎 𝐷2 = (10.25)(82 ) = 656

6933333.33
𝐵𝑔 " = = 168264.37 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠⁄𝑖𝑛.2
10.25(4.02)
rτla = 4.02 𝑥 10.25 = 41.205 𝑖𝑛.2

𝑙𝑛 = 0.92(𝑙𝑎 − 𝑙𝑣 ) = (0.92(4.02 − 1(0.375)) = 3.35 𝑖𝑛.

39.66
𝐵𝑡 = ( ) 𝑥1279212.79 = 15,144,352.02 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠⁄ 2
3.35 𝑖𝑛.

𝟐𝟗. 𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝑻𝒖𝒓𝒏 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝒄𝒐𝒊𝒍

1.15𝑠 1.15(0.4)
sin 𝑎 = = = 0.09
𝜆 5.18
cos 𝑎 = cos sin−1 (0.09) = 0.99
2(τ) 2(6.28)
𝑙𝑐 = + 4𝑑𝑠 + 3 = + 4(1.4) + 3 = 21.29 𝑖𝑛.
cos 𝑎 0.99
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒏 = 𝐼𝑎 + 2𝑙𝑐 = 21.29 + 20.5 = 41.79 𝑖𝑛.

30-31-32-33. Armature Resistance of one turn

41.79
𝑅600 = = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟎𝟒 𝛀
4
2(0.007𝑥0.58) ( 𝑥106 )
𝜋
𝟏𝟓𝟎
= 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟎𝟒 ( ) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏 𝛀
𝟔

𝑰𝑹𝒅𝒓𝒐𝒑 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟎𝟏(𝟓. 𝟏𝟕𝟓) = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐 𝑽

𝑷𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔 = 𝟎. 𝟓𝟐(𝟓. 𝟏𝟕𝟓)(𝟔) = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝟓

34. Full-load flux. Assume 2-V for voltage drop across carbon brush.

Ε𝑔 = 250 + 2 + 0.52 + 1.37 = 253.89 𝑉

 253.89
𝐹𝑢𝑙𝑙 𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑑 𝜙 = 6933333.33 ( ) = 7653495.65 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑤𝑒𝑙𝑙𝑠
230
35-36. 𝑭𝒍𝒖𝒙 𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒊𝒏 𝑨𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝑪𝒐𝒓𝒆. 𝑰𝒏𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒏𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓.

𝐴 𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑜𝑓 73,000 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑏𝑒 𝑎𝑣𝑎𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒.

7653495.65
𝑅𝑑 = = 5.11 𝑖𝑛.
2(73,000)(10.25)

𝐷𝑖 = 𝐷 − 2𝑅𝑑 − 2𝑑𝑆 = 16.34 − 2(5.11) − 2(0.58) = 4.96 𝑖𝑛.

37. 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑰𝒓𝒐𝒏 𝒊𝒏 𝑪𝒐𝒓𝒆.
𝜋
𝑊𝑓𝑒 = 0.28(10.25) ( ) [(8 − 2.8)2 − (4.96)2 ] = 5.496 𝑙𝑏
4
38. 𝑾𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑰𝒓𝒐𝒏 𝑻𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉 (𝑾𝒕 )

𝑊𝑡 = 0.28 𝑥𝑑𝑆 𝑥(𝑡𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑥 𝑆) 𝑥 𝑙𝑛 = 0.28(10.25)(0.58)(7.1)(21) = 248.19 𝑙𝑏

39. 𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝑨𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒎𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒈𝒔.

5.496 + 248.19 = 253. 69 𝑙𝑏

40. 𝑫𝒊𝒂𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒖𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓

𝐷 8
𝐷𝑐 = +4= +4=8
2 2
41-42-43. 𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒖𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑩𝒂𝒓𝒔
𝐸 250
= = 12
𝑍 250
( ) ( )
2(𝑝) 12

44-45. 𝑾𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒖𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝑺𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔

𝟖
𝑩𝒂𝒓 𝑷𝒊𝒕𝒄𝒉 = (𝝅) = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟖 − 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟑𝟖
𝟏𝟓𝟎

46. 𝑹𝒂𝒅𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑫𝒆𝒑𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑺𝒆𝒈𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒕

𝟖 + 𝟏𝟓
𝒉=( ) = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟑𝟑 𝒊𝒏. 𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒂𝒚 𝟏. 𝟓𝟑 𝒊𝒏.
𝟏𝟓
47-48-49-50-51. 𝑫𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒔

𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒄𝒕 𝑨𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉 𝑺𝒆𝒕 (𝑨𝒃 )

𝟒(𝟓. 𝟏𝟕𝟓)
𝑨𝒃 = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔
𝟒
( ) (𝟒𝟎)
𝟐

𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉 𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝑺𝒆𝒕 (𝑰𝒃 )

𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑐𝑡 𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑟𝑢𝑠ℎ 𝑆𝑒𝑡 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔
𝐼𝑏 = = = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔 𝒊𝒏.
𝐵𝑟𝑢𝑠ℎ 𝐴𝑟𝑐 𝟏. 𝟎

𝑵𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒔
𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒂𝒄𝒕𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒓𝒆𝒂 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉 𝑺𝒆𝒕 𝒊𝒔,

𝑰𝒃 𝒙 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉 𝑨𝒓𝒄 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔 𝒙 𝟏. 𝟎 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔 𝒊𝒏𝟐

𝑭𝒓𝒐𝒎 𝑨𝒓𝒕. 𝟑𝟒, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒖𝒔𝒖𝒂𝒍 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉 𝒊𝒔 𝒔𝒐𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒃𝒆𝒕𝒘𝒆𝒆𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒍𝒊𝒎𝒊𝒕 5/8 𝒊𝒏. 𝒂𝒏𝒅 11/4
𝒊𝒏. 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒂𝒔 𝒂 𝒇𝒖𝒓𝒕𝒉𝒆𝒓 𝒄𝒉𝒆𝒄𝒌 𝒐𝒏 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒅𝒆𝒔𝒊𝒓𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆 𝒅𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔, 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉 𝒔𝒉𝒐𝒖𝒍𝒅 𝒏𝒐𝒕 𝒆𝒙𝒄𝒆𝒆𝒅 𝒐𝒏𝒆 −
𝒕𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒑𝒐𝒍𝒆 𝒑𝒊𝒕𝒄𝒉 𝒓𝒆𝒇𝒆𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒅 𝒕𝒐 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒖𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓 𝒔𝒖𝒓𝒇𝒂𝒄𝒆. 𝑻𝒉𝒖𝒔, 𝒖𝒔𝒆 𝒂 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉 𝒐𝒇 5/8
𝒊𝒏. 𝒊𝒏 𝒘𝒊𝒅𝒕𝒉.

𝟓
𝑫𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒏 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒔 = 𝒙 𝟏 𝒊𝒏.
𝟖
𝟎. 𝟐𝟔
𝑵𝒐. 𝒐𝒇 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒔 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝑺𝒆𝒕 = = 𝟎. 𝟒𝟏𝟔 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒔
𝟓
𝟖
𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝑪𝒖𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝑫𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒕𝒚 𝒘𝒊𝒍𝒍 𝒊𝒏𝒄𝒓𝒆𝒂𝒔𝒆 𝒔𝒍𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕𝒍𝒚 𝒕𝒐,

𝑨𝒃 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔 𝑨
∆𝒃 𝒙 ( ) = 𝟒𝟎 𝒙 ( ) = 𝟒𝟎 𝟐
𝑰𝒃 𝒙 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉 𝑨𝒓𝒄 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔 𝒊𝒏

52. 𝑨𝒙𝒊𝒂𝒍 𝑳𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒐𝒇 𝑪𝒐𝒎𝒎𝒖𝒕𝒂𝒕𝒐𝒓

a. 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉 𝑯𝒐𝒍𝒅𝒆𝒓𝒔 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝑪𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔

𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉 𝒉𝒐𝒍𝒅𝒆𝒓 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒄𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒓𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆𝒔 = 8x5/16= 2 ½ in.

𝑺𝒕𝒂𝒈𝒈𝒆𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒐𝒇 (+)(−) 𝒃𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉𝒆𝒔 = 𝟓/𝟖 in

𝑬𝒏𝒅 𝒑𝒍𝒂𝒚 = 3/8

 𝟏 𝟑
𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒕𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒍𝒆𝒏𝒈𝒕𝒉 𝒘𝒊𝒍𝒍 𝒃𝒆, 𝑳𝑪 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟔 + (𝟐 ) + (𝟏) + = 𝟐. 𝟔𝟑 𝒊𝒏.
𝟐 𝟖

53. 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉 𝑪𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒄𝒕 𝑫𝒓𝒐𝒑

𝑻𝒉𝒆 𝒃𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉 − 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒕𝒂𝒄𝒕 𝒅𝒓𝒐𝒑 𝒇𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒉𝒂𝒓𝒅 𝒄𝒂𝒓𝒃𝒐𝒏 𝒂𝒕 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝟒𝟎 𝒂𝒎𝒑. 𝒑𝒆𝒓 𝒔𝒒. 𝒊𝒏 𝒊𝒔 𝟐. 𝟎𝟖.
𝑨𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝟏𝟎% 𝒇𝒐𝒓 𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒈𝒉𝒏𝒆𝒔𝒔, 𝒄𝒉𝒊𝒑𝒑𝒊𝒏𝒈 𝒂𝒏𝒅 𝒊𝒓𝒓𝒆𝒈𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓𝒊𝒕𝒊𝒆𝒔, 𝒕𝒉𝒊𝒔 𝒅𝒓𝒐𝒑 𝒘𝒊𝒍𝒍 𝒃𝒆 𝒂𝒃𝒐𝒖𝒕 𝟐. 𝟑 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒕𝒔.

54-55-56. 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉 𝑳𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒔

𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒔 = (𝟐. 𝟑)(𝟒 𝒙 𝟐. 𝟑𝟑) = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟒𝟑𝟔

𝒄𝑷𝑨𝑵𝑫𝑪 (𝝅)𝟕𝟒𝟔
𝑾𝒇 =
𝟏𝟐(𝟑𝟑, 𝟎𝟎𝟎)

𝟎. 𝟐𝟓 𝒙 𝟐 𝒙 (𝟎. 𝟐𝟔 𝒙 𝟗𝟎𝟎) 𝒙 𝟖𝝅 𝒙 𝟕𝟒𝟔

𝑾𝒇 = = 𝟓. 𝟕𝟔𝟏
𝟏𝟐𝒙𝟑𝟑, 𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑩𝒓𝒖𝒔𝒉 𝒍𝒐𝒔𝒔 = 𝟐𝟏. 𝟒𝟑𝟔 + 𝟓. 𝟕𝟔𝟏 = 𝟐𝟕. 𝟐𝟎

57. 𝑫𝒊𝒎𝒆𝒏𝒔𝒊𝒐𝒏𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝑨𝒓𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒖𝒓𝒆

𝟑 𝒐𝒖𝒕𝒑𝒖𝒕(𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒕𝒔)
𝑫 = 𝟎. 𝟖𝟒 √
𝑹𝑷𝑴

𝟑 𝟓𝟎𝟎𝟎
𝟎. 𝟖𝟒 √ = 𝟏. 𝟑𝟓 𝒊𝒏.
𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎
Item No. 5kw, 4 poles, 900rpm, Symbol Assumed Values Final Values
230/250volts
1 Number of poles P 4 4

frequency f 30 30

2 Ratio of pole arc to r 0.64 .64

pole pitch
3 Specific Loading q 400 400
4 Apparent air gap flux Bg 37,000 37,000
density
5 Line current (full I 20
load)
6 Type of winding Lap Winding Lap Winding
7 Armature current per Ic 5.175 5.175
circuit
8 Output factor 355.43 355.43
9 Armature diameter D 8 8
10 Velocity V 1884.96 1884.96
11 Total number of phase Z 51.48 51.5
conductors
12 Number of slots S 485 485
13 Number of conductors 4 4
per slot
14 Axial length of La 2761.69 43.15
armature core
15 Flux per pole (open Φ 6933333.33 6933333.33
circuit)
16 Pole pitch r 6.28 6.28
17 Pole arc 𝑟𝑟 4.02 4.02
18 Area covered by pole 174.79 174.79
19 Dimension of 2(0.07 x 0.58)
Armature conductors,
in. units
20 Slot pitch, in h 5.18 5.18
21 Slot width, in s 1.305
22 Slot depth, in d 0.07
23 Tooth width, in t

At top 16.34

0.03
Average
24 Number of radial n 3
ventilating
25 Width of radial ducts, Ln 0.375
in
26 Net length of armature 39.66 39.66
core, in
27 Net tooth section 5.42 5.42
under pole, at center

28 Apparent density in 𝐵𝑡 1279212.79 1279212.79

teeth under pole,at
center sq in

29 Length per turn of 21.29 41.79

armature coil, in

30 Resistance of one turn, 0.00404

ohms at 60 deg

31 Resistance of 0.101
armature, ohms

32 IR drop in armature, 0.52

volts

33 I^2R loss in armature 16.15

winding,watts

34 Estimated full-load 7653495.65

flux per pole
 54

35 Flux density in 5.11

armature core below
teeth

36 Internal diameter of 4.96

core stampings, in

37 Weight of iron in core 5.496

(without teeth), lb

38 Weight of iron teeth, 248.19 248.19

lb

39 Total weight of 253.69

armature stampings,
lbs

40 Diameter of Dc 8
commutator, in

41 Average volts per turn 12

of armature winding

42 Number of turns 1
between bars

43 Total number of 150

commutator bars

44 Bar pitch, in 0.168

45 Width of copper bar, 0.138

in

46 Radial depth of bar, in 1.53

47 Current density at ∆𝑏 40
brush-contact
surface,amp per sq. in
48 Contact area per brush 0.26
set, sq. in

49 Brush arc 1.0

(circumferntial
width), in

50 Axial brush length 0.26

51 Number of brushes per 0.416

set

52 Axial length of Lc 2.63

commutator, in

53 Brush-contact 2.08
drop,volts

54 Brush-contact 21.436
loss,watts

55 Brush-friction loss, 5.761

watts

56 Total brush loss,watts 27.20

57 Supporting armature 1.35