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Çankaya EE467 2023 Spring Lecture 3

The document discusses key concepts in discrete time systems including linearity, time-invariance, causality, and stability. Linear, time-invariant systems like the accumulator are described, as well as nonlinear, non-time-invariant systems like the compressor. Causal systems like the backward difference system are differentiated from non-causal systems such as the forward difference system. Finally, stability is defined as systems where bounded input produces bounded output, and the accumulator is provided as an example of a system that is not stable.

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Ömer Berkay ESEN
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21 views42 pages

Çankaya EE467 2023 Spring Lecture 3

The document discusses key concepts in discrete time systems including linearity, time-invariance, causality, and stability. Linear, time-invariant systems like the accumulator are described, as well as nonlinear, non-time-invariant systems like the compressor. Causal systems like the backward difference system are differentiated from non-causal systems such as the forward difference system. Finally, stability is defined as systems where bounded input produces bounded output, and the accumulator is provided as an example of a system that is not stable.

Uploaded by

Ömer Berkay ESEN
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Digital Signal Processing

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering


Discrete Time Systems

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Discrete Time Systems

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Discrete Time Systems

The Ideal Delay System

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Discrete Time Systems

Moving Average

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Discrete Time Systems

Moving Average

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Discrete Time Systems

Memoryless Systems

A system is memoryless if the output y[n] at every value


of n depends only on the input x [n] at the same value of n.

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Discrete Time Systems

Memoryless System Example

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Discrete Time Systems

NOT Memoryless System Example

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Discrete Time Systems

Linear Systems

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Discrete Time Systems

Linear Systems

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Discrete Time Systems

Linear Systems

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Discrete Time Systems

Linear System Example: The Accumulator System

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Discrete Time Systems

Linear System Example: The Accumulator System

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Discrete Time Systems

Linear System Example: The Accumulator System

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Discrete Time Systems

Linear System Example: The Accumulator System

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Discrete Time Systems

Linear System Example: The Accumulator System

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Discrete Time Systems

A Nonlinear System

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Discrete Time Systems

A Nonlinear System

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Discrete Time Systems

A Nonlinear System

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Discrete Time Systems

Time-Invariant Systems:

A time-invariant system is a system for which


a time shift or delay of the input sequence
causes
a corresponding shift in the output sequence.

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Discrete Time Systems

Time-Invariant Systems:

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Discrete Time Systems

Time-Invariant Systems Example: The Accumulator

Solve for both of the following:

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Discrete Time Systems

Time-Invariant Systems Example: The Accumulator

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Discrete Time Systems

Time-Invariant Systems Example: The Accumulator

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Discrete Time Systems

Time-Invariant Systems Example: The Accumulator

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Discrete Time Systems

Time-Invariant Systems Example: The Accumulator

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Discrete Time Systems

Change the dummy variable...

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Discrete Time Systems

NOT Time-Invariant Systems Example: The Compressor System

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Discrete Time Systems

NOT Time-Invariant Systems Example: The Compressor System

?
=

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Discrete Time Systems

NOT Time-Invariant Systems Example: The Compressor System

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Discrete Time Systems

NOT Time-Invariant Systems Example: The Compressor System

NOT EQUAL TO

Therefore The Compressor System is


not time-invariant

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Discrete Time Systems

Causality

A system is causal if,


for every choice of n0 ,
the output sequence value at the index n = n0
depends only on the
input sequence values for n ≤ n0 .

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Discrete Time Systems

NOT Causal System Example: The Forward Difference System

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Discrete Time Systems

NOT Causal System Example: The Forward Difference System

The output depends on the the future and the present values of the input.

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Discrete Time Systems

Causal System Example: The Backward Difference System

The output depends on the past and the present values of the input.

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Discrete Time Systems

Stability

Bounded input generates bounded output.

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Discrete Time Systems

Stability

x[n] is bounded if there exists a fixed positive finite value Bx

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Discrete Time Systems

Stability

x[n] is bounded if there exists a fixed positive finite value Bx

Stability requires that, for every bounded input, there exists a fixed
positive finite value By such that

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Discrete Time Systems

NOT Stable System Example: The Accumulator

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Discrete Time Systems

NOT Stable System Example: The Accumulator

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Discrete Time Systems

NOT Stable System Example: The Accumulator

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