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Expt - 10. Astable Multi

This document describes the construction and operation of an astable multivibrator circuit using a 555 timer IC. The circuit uses resistors, capacitors, and a diode to generate a square wave output. When the output is high, one capacitor charges through a resistor until it exceeds the threshold, at which point the output switches low and the capacitor discharges through another resistor, repeating continuously to produce a square wave. The procedure to build and test the circuit is provided along with the expected theoretical and observed timer period values with and without the diode.

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rathod avinash
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30 views3 pages

Expt - 10. Astable Multi

This document describes the construction and operation of an astable multivibrator circuit using a 555 timer IC. The circuit uses resistors, capacitors, and a diode to generate a square wave output. When the output is high, one capacitor charges through a resistor until it exceeds the threshold, at which point the output switches low and the capacitor discharges through another resistor, repeating continuously to produce a square wave. The procedure to build and test the circuit is provided along with the expected theoretical and observed timer period values with and without the diode.

Uploaded by

rathod avinash
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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10.

IC 555 TIMER-ASTABLECIRCUIT

AIM:
Toconstruct and study the operation ofAstablemultivibrator using 555 timer

APPARATUS:

1. IC 555 Timer
2. Resistors (10 KΩ,4.7
KΩ) 3.Diode (IN 4007)
4.Capacitors (0.1µF,0.01µF)
5.CRO
6.Patch cards
7.CRO Probes
8.Connecting wires

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:
THEORY:

A simple OPAMP astable multivibrator is also called square wave generator and free
running oscillator .The principle for the generation of square wave output is to force an OP_AMP
to operate in the saturation region β=R2/(R1+R2) of the output is feedback to input. The output
isalsofeedbacktothenegativeinputterminalafterintegratingbymeansofaRCLPFwheneverthenegative
inputjustexceedsVref,switching takes placeresultinginasquarewaveoutput.Inastablemultivibrator
both states are quasi stable states.
When the output is +Vsat, the capacitor is now starts charging towards +Vsat through
resistance R the voltage is held at +βVsat. This condition continuous until the charge on C just
exceedβVsat.Then the capacitor begins to dischargetowards–
Vsat.Thenthecapacitorchargesmoreand more negatively untilitsvoltagejust–
βVsat.Thefrequencyisdeterminedbythetimeittakesthecapacitortocharge from– βVsat and +βVsat
-t/RC
Vc(t)=Vf+(Vi-Vf)e
-t/RC
Vc(t)=Vsat-Vsat(1+β)e
We getT1=RC ln((1+β)/(1-β))
T=2T1=2 RC ln ((1+β)/(1-β)),Vo(p-p)=2Vsat

PROCEDURE:
1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.
2. Pins 4 and 8 are shorted and connected topower supply Vcc(+5V)
3.Between pins 8 and 7 resistor R1 of10KΩ is connected and
between
7 and 6 resistor R2 of4.7KΩ is connected. Pins 2 and 6 short circuited.
4.Inbetween pins 1 and 5 a Capacitor of0.01µF is
connected. 5.Theout put is connected across the pin 3 and
GND.
6. In between pins 6 and GND a Capacitor of 0.1μF is connected.
7.Theoreticallywith out diode charging time Tcis given by
Tc=0.69(R1+R2) C1,
Discharging time Tdis given by Td=0.69R2C1
The frequency fis given by f=1.45/(R1+2R2)C1
%of Duty cycle is (Tc/(Tc+Td))*100
8. PracticallyTdandTcare measured and wave forms are noted and theoretical
Values are verified with practical values
9. Connect diode between pins 7 and 2.
10. Theoretically with diode connected charging time is given by Tc=0.69R1C1
Discharging time is given by Td=0.69R2C1
11. Practically TdandTcare noted and verified with theoretical values
OBSERVATIONS:

With diode without diode


Theoretical Practical Theoretical Practical

MODEL GRAPH:

PRECAUTIONS:

1. Make null adjustment before


applying the input signal. 2.Maintain
proper Vcclevels.

RESULT:

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