Scribd
Upload
30 views4 pages

TSFS02 Lesson5

The document discusses vehicle dynamics and control concepts. It covers topics such as tire characteristics, steer angle calculation, understeer conditions, lateral force distribution, and effects on understeer gradient. Example problems are provided relating to cornering radius, maximum speed in a curve, brush tire model calculations, and risk of jackknifing for a tractor-trailer setup based on mass placement.

Uploaded by

newshats
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
30 views4 pages

TSFS02 Lesson5

The document discusses vehicle dynamics and control concepts. It covers topics such as tire characteristics, steer angle calculation, understeer conditions, lateral force distribution, and effects on understeer gradient. Example problems are provided relating to cornering radius, maximum speed in a curve, brush tire model calculations, and risk of jackknifing for a tractor-trailer setup based on mass placement.

Uploaded by

newshats
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Lesson 5 Vehicle Dynamics and Control

1. The normalized tire characteristics Fyf /Fzf and Fyr /Fzr are given by:

0.9

0.8

0.7

F yi 0.6
F zi 0.5

0.4

0.3

0.2

0.1 Front
Rear
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
Slip angle [◦ ]

The car has a wheelbase of 2.7 m and the turning radius is 100 m
(about the size of the Valla roundabout in Linköping).
a) Determine the steer angle δf if the car is traveling at 70 km/h.
b) For which velocities is the car understeer?
c) What is the largest stationary speed that can be maintained?

2. A car is traveling in a curve with radius 80 m. For which velocities are


the lateral forces below the critical values for the front and rear tires
respectively? Use the brush model with constant normal pressure and
assume µp = 0.8.

3. As you can see in Figure 1.38, the resultant lateral force Fy apply behind
the wheel center, not at the wheel center as we previously assumed.
How is the understeer gradient affected if you consider this effect?

1
Lesson 5 Vehicle Dynamics and Control

4. Assume that l2 /l1 = 1.3 and that the lateral forces are given by the
following figure:

Is the car understeer or oversteer at low lateral accelerations?


Hint: You have to use your ruler.

5. If you consider lateral load transfer, the total cornering stiffness be-
comes smaller than if you had considered a simple two-wheel model
with twice the cornering stiffness; see Figure 1.26.
Assume you have a neutral steered car. You can increase the lateral
load transfer for either the front or the rear suspension (e.g. by chang-
ing the springs stiffness).
a) What happens with the understeer gradient if you increase the lat-
eral load transfer for the front suspension? (Take the effects shown in
Figure 1.26 into account.)
b) What happens with the understeer gradient if you do the same for
the rear suspension instead?

2
Lesson 5 Vehicle Dynamics and Control

6. Consider the brush model for a tire during cornering. Known data are:
Length of the contact patch lt = 14 cm, normal load W = 2000 N,
stiffness ky0 = 18 · 105 N/rad, and friction coefficient µp = 0.8.
a) What are the maximum and minimum trail that are possible to
achieve using the brush model?
b) Determine the length of the pneumatic trail if the slip angle is
α = 4◦ .

7. Consider a tractor and semitrailer. The tractor weighs 6000 kg and the
center of gravity is located in the middle of the front and rear axle. The
semitrailer weighs 16000 kg and the center of gravity is in the middle
of the rear axle of the tractor and the rear axle of the semitrailer. We
assume that the cornering stiffnesses are equal for all tires and that
Lt = 4 m and Ls = 10 m.
A mass m is placed above the rear axle of the semitrailer. For what
values of m are there risk for ”jack-knifing” and ”trailer swing” respec-
tively?

3
Lesson 5 Vehicle Dynamics and Control

Answers
1. a) δf = 2.5◦
b) For velocities less than 101 km/h with ay /g ≈ 0.8 (or 104 km/h if
ay /g ≈ 0.85)
c) 107 km/h (ay /g ≈ 0.9)

2. 17.7 m/s

3. The understeer gradient becomes larger.

4. The car is understeer.

5. a) The car will become understeered, Kus > 0.


b) The car will become oversteered, Kus < 0.

6. a) 0 cm and 2.3 cm respectively.


b) 1.9 cm

7. m < 23000 kg and m > 23000 kg respectvely.

You might also like