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Control System L3

This document discusses control theories and the state space approach. Conventional control theory uses linear time-invariant single-input single-output systems, while modern control theory applies to nonlinear and time-varying multi-input multi-output systems. The state space approach models dynamic systems using state variables, input variables, and output variables. It represents systems using state space equations that define the system's state over time based on its inputs, state, and outputs.

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Vedansh Singh
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40 views17 pages

Control System L3

This document discusses control theories and the state space approach. Conventional control theory uses linear time-invariant single-input single-output systems, while modern control theory applies to nonlinear and time-varying multi-input multi-output systems. The state space approach models dynamic systems using state variables, input variables, and output variables. It represents systems using state space equations that define the system's state over time based on its inputs, state, and outputs.

Uploaded by

Vedansh Singh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Vibration and Control ( ME F319)

Control system

(Lecture 3)

Mechanical Engineering Dept.


Control Theories
• Conventional Control theory
– linear time invariant single-input, single-output systems
– is a complex frequency-domain approach
•Modern control theory
– is applicable to multiple-input, multiple-output systems,
which may be linear, nonlinear, time invariant or time varying
– is essentially time-domain approach and frequency domain
approach
•Complex systems may have multiple inputs and multiple outputs
and may be time varying
•This new approach is based on the concept of state

28 March 2023 Arun Kumar Jalan 2


State space approach: important terms

• State
• State Variables
• State Vector
• State Space
• State space Equation

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State space Equation
• In state-space analysis : three types of variables that are
involved in the modeling of dynamic systems: input variables,
output variables, and state variables.
• The number of state variables to completely define the
dynamics of the system is equal to the number of integrators
involved in the system
• Let, a multiple-input, multiple-output system involves n
integrators. Assume also that there are r inputs u1(t), u2(t), …,
ur(t) and m outputs y1(t), y2(t),.., ym(t).
• Define n outputs of the integrators as state variables: x1(t), x2(t),
xn(t) Then the system may be described by

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State space Equation

• The outputs y (t), y (t), …. , y (t) of the system may be given by


1 2 m

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State space Equation

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Block Diagram for state space approach

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State space approach: Example

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State space Eqn. Vs Transfer function

Transfer Function State Space Equation

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Multi input multi output (MIMO)

Next, consider a multiple-input, multiple-output system. Assume that


there are r inputs u1(t), u2(t), …, ur(t) and m outputs y (t), y (t), …. , y (t).
1 2 m

The transfer matrix G(s) relates


the output Y(s) to the input U(s)

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State space Equation: Scalar differential
equation
• Linear Differential Equations in which the Forcing Function Does
Not Involve Derivative Terms

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State space Equation: Scalar differential
equation
• Linear Differential Equations in which the Forcing Function Does
Not Involve Derivative Terms

28 March 2023 Arun Kumar Jalan 12


State space Equation: Scalar differential
equation
• Linear Differential Equations in which the Forcing Function Does
Involve Derivative Terms

28 March 2023 Arun Kumar Jalan 13


State space Equation: Scalar differential
equation
• Linear Differential Equations in which the Forcing Function Does
Involve Derivative Terms

28 March 2023 Arun Kumar Jalan 14


State space Equation: Scalar differential
equation
• Linear Differential Equations in which the Forcing Function Does
Involve Derivative Terms

28 March 2023 Arun Kumar Jalan 15


Transform from Transfer Function to
State Space representation

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