Chapter 2 - OSH FOUNDATION AND BENEFITS PDF
Chapter 2 - OSH FOUNDATION AND BENEFITS PDF
Cause a
Cause c
Injury or
Accident
Damage
Cause d
Unsafe
Cause e
Condition
Cause f
Unsafe Act
• Categories:
• Operating without clearance
• Operating at unsafe speed
• Rendering safety devices inoperative
• Using unsafe equipment, or using it unsafely
• Unsafe methods e.g. loading, carrying, mixing
• Adopting unsafe position or posture
• Working on moving or dangerous equipment
• Horseplay e.g. distracting, teasing, startling
• Failure to wear PPE
• Lack of concentration; fatigue or ill health
• Human Factors
Unsafe Act
• Unsafe acts can be active or passive:
• Active Unsafe Acts:
• Worker deliberately removes machine guard
• Passive Unsafe Acts:
• More difficult to deal with
• By pursuing an active safety policy, it is possible to achieve a reduction
in bad habit s and hence accidents
Unsafe Condition
• Categories:
• Inadequate guarding
• Unguarded machinery
• Defective, rough, sharp, slippery, decayed, cracked surfaces
• Unsafely designed equipment
• Poor housekeeping, congestion
• Inadequate lighting, glare, reflections
• Inadequate ventilation, contaminated air
• Unsafe clothing or PPE
• Unsafe processes
• Hot, humid or noisy environment
Unsafe Acts/Conditions
• The picture shows how unsafe acts & conditions may
interact to produce an accident.
• Accident potential is increased when unsafe acts &
conditions occur simultaneously. Of course, this is not to
say that an act or condition alone could not result in an
accident.
Unsafe Acts/Conditions
Potential
Accident
Unsafe
Unsafe Acts Conditions
THE DEVELOPMENT OF
MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
Defining a Management
System
• ILO-OSH 2001
• A set of interrelated or interacting elements to establish OSH policy
and objectives, and to achive those objectives
• ISO 1400 (1996)
• The part of the overall management system that includes
organizatioal structure, planning activities, responsibilities, practices,
procedures, processes and resources for developing, implementing,
achieving, reviewing and mantaining the environmental policy
Further System Characteristic
• Open System
• System interact by exchanging infromation
• Close System
• Limit their ability to adapt or respond to changing external
conditions
Key System Distinctions
1) Management Leadership and Commitment
2) Worker participation
3) Continual Improvement
4) Evaluation
5) Integration
6) Management Review
4 SAFETY CULTURE AND
MANAGEMENT
Safety Culture:
Concept and Realities
• Safety culture refers to the ways that safety issues are
addressed in a workplace. It often reflects "the attitudes,
beliefs, perceptions and values that employees share in
relation to safety." In other words, "the way we
do safety around here."
Safety Culture Component
• The value, beliefs and principles that serve asa a
foundation for the safety management system
• A set of practices and behaviors that exemplify and
reinforce those basic principles
Safety Culture
Safety Culture and Safety
• EvidencePerformance
of safety-oriented workforce is a positive factor
for the firm’s safety performance.
• Three important contributions;
• Top management’s leadership and support
• Lower managemnet commitment
• Employees’ involvement in occupational safety.
The management of an
Integrated Safety
Culture
• Systematic approach to supervisors’ behavior change is
the most efficient strategy to effect change.
• Three problem address need to solve:
• The resistence of individuals to change
• The adaptation of existing management formal system to support
the process of change
• The shaping of the informal political and cultural dynamics of the
organization.
5 MANAGEMENT
COMMITMENT AND
INVOLVEMENT
Definition
Roles and Responsibilities of
Management
Roles and Responsibilities of Managers
and Supervisors
6. SAFETY AND HEALTH
COMMITTEE
Responsibilities
• Encouranging Workers’ Involvement
• “It takes two to tango”
Establishment of a Safety and Health
Commitee