Declaration

We water supply and environmental engineering student, hereby declare that the presented
report of internship prepared after the completion of four months’ internship program at the
Minister of Water, Irrigation, and Energy. During this internship we have gained many
interesting and useful knowledge. So here is our declaration which shows our experience during
stay in the company, what we have done and shows our effort.

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 Acknowledgment
First of all, we would like to forward our great thanks to Haramaya University Institute of
Technology and Department of water supply and environmental engineering for such
opportunity of practical internship program so as to change our theoretical knowledge to
practical skill which contribute a vital role for our futurities. Secondly, our great thanks goes to
the Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Electricity for accepting our internship request, so as to
upgrade our theoretical knowledge and improving practical skill. Thirdly, we great thanks extend
to our coordinator Mr. Genzeb for his guidance. Finally, we extend our great thanks for those
who gives a brief explanation during coaching lectures and our field visit.

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 Abbreviation and Acronyms

MOWIE Ministry of water irrigation and energy

GTP Growth and transformation plan

WASH Water sanitation and hygiene

BCM billion cubic meters

Ha Hectare

MW Mega watt

WHO World health organization

NGO Non-government organization

Kw Kilo watt

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Table of Contents
Declaration..................................................................................................................................................i
Acknowledgment.......................................................................................................................................ii
Abbreviation and Acronyms....................................................................................................................iii
Table of Contents........................................................................................................................................iv
List of figure...............................................................................................................................................vi
List of table................................................................................................................................................vii
Exclusive summary.................................................................................................................................viii
1. Introduction...........................................................................................................................................1
1.1 General introduction about the internship..........................................................................................1
1.2 General background...........................................................................................................................2
1.3 Vision and Mission............................................................................................................................3
1.4 Mandate and Responsibility of the Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy...................................4
1.5 Water development commission........................................................................................................5
1.6 The overall objective of task performed............................................................................................6
2.Material and methodology.....................................................................................................................7
3. Technical aspect of the internship........................................................................................................9
3.1 Brief introduction about MOWIE by Dr. Fiseha................................................................................9
3.2 Ethiopian Water Resource Management Policy, Strategy and GTP ІІ by Dr. Alemayehu.................9
3.2.1 Water supply and sanitation policy;..........................................................................................10
3.2.2 Irrigation policy........................................................................................................................10
3.3 The ground water source investigation by ato brihanu wondafrash.................................................11
3.4 Procurement and engineering contract management by w/ro tsiga..................................................13
3.5 Urban water supply design criteria..................................................................................................14
3.6 Rural water supply development......................................................................................................14
3.8 Draft feasibility study and preliminary design for water supply......................................................15
3.9 Project area description....................................................................................................................16
3.10 Ambo town water supply project...................................................................................................16
3.10.1 Project components.................................................................................................................17
3.10.2 Recommendation....................................................................................................................21
3.11 Bako town water supply plant........................................................................................................21

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 3.11.1 Project component;.................................................................................................................21
3.11.2 Recommendation....................................................................................................................24
3.12 Fiche town water supply project.............................................................................................24
3.12.1 Project components.................................................................................................................25
3.12.2 Recommendation;...................................................................................................................26
4.The overall internship experience.......................................................................................................27
4.1 In terms of improving practical skill................................................................................................27
4.2 In terms of upgrading theoretical knowledge...................................................................................27
4.3 In terms of improving interpersonal communication skills..............................................................28
4.4 In terms of team playing skill..........................................................................................................28
4.5 In terms of understanding about work ethic related issues....................................................28
5. CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATION..................................................................................29
5.1 Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................29
5.2 Recommendation.............................................................................................................................30
References.................................................................................................................................................31

List of figure

Figure 1 the weir structure.....................................................................................................................17

Figure 2 the intake structure..................................................................................................................17
Figure 3 collection reservoir...................................................................................................................18
Figure 4 chemical mixer..........................................................................................................................19
Figure 5 rapid sand filter........................................................................................................................20
Figure 6 chlorination room.....................................................................................................................20
Figure 7 storage pond..............................................................................................................................22
Figure 8 screening....................................................................................................................................22
Figure 9 treatment container..................................................................................................................23
Figure 10 bore hole..................................................................................................................................25
Figure 11 pump house.............................................................................................................................26

List of table

Table 1 staff profile...................................................................................................................................4

Table 2 GTP plan....................................................................................................................................11

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 Abstract
This internship report consists of five general parts. In the first part, general introduction about
the internship, background of the hosting company including vision and mission of company,
organizational structure, directorates, and the overall objective of the activities performed. In the
Second part of this report describes about material and methodologies are used during Internship.
The materials we have used are written document, water supply project design document, Books,
Internet, electronic copies, writing material and camera etc. The methodologies are interview,
focus group discussion and observation. In the third part of the report technical aspects of
internship includes both coaching lecture and project area visitation about project component,
and recommendation. In the fourth part of the report describe about the overall internship
experience in terms of improving practical skill, upgrading theoretical knowledge, improving
interpersonal communication skill, and understanding about work related issues. finally
conclusions and recommendations for the internship
aremade.

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 1. Introduction

1.1 General introduction about the internship

An internship is a period of work experience offered by an organization for a limited period of
time. They are typically undertaken by students and graduates looking to gain relevant skills and
experience in a particular field. Employers benefit from these placements because they often
recruit employees from their best interns, who have known capabilities, thus saving time and
money in the long run. The benefit of bringing an intern into full-time employment is that they
are already familiar with the company, their position, and they typically need little to no training.

Internship helps us to gain knowledge about general work function and learned more about
industries and fields that may be interested. So internship is necessary for the students to develop
the knowledge visualize the theoretical knowledge in to practical useful things not only this it
also important for students apply information and skills learned in the class room to workplace
situations.

An internship is a pre-professional work experience that provides students, recent graduates, and
career changers with a chance to find out more about a certain career. For students, internships
provide a way to gain work experience, improve their practical skill, upgrading their theoretical
knowledge and improving their interpersonal communication skill.

Under ministry of water, irrigation, and electricity we have been working in water supply and
sanitation sector in water development commission. we have been given coaching Lectures and
site visitation.

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 1.2 General background
Introduction about ministry of Water Irrigation and Energy (MOWIE).

The history of MOWIE begins early 1900’s at which the first piped water supplied to
Addis Ababa palace. Starting from that time it has been restructured and reformed up to the
recent new organization formation called ministry of water, irrigation, and energy. The Ministry
of Water, Irrigation and Energy of Ethiopia is a federal organization established to undertake the
management of water resources, water supply and sanitation, large and medium scale irrigation
and currently include electricity. The ministry is a regulatory body which involves the planning,
development and management of water resources. preparation and implementation of guidelines,
strategies, polices programs and sectorial laws and regulations. It also conducts study and
research activities. provides technical support to regional water and energy bureaus and especial
support to four emerging regions (Gambella, Benishangul - Gumth, Afar and Somali). In the case
of Trans boundary water resources and regional development pertinent to sector, it engages in
the negotiation and the signing of international agreements.

The ministry is headed by a Minister and three division state Ministers which engaged in
irrigation and drainage sector, electricity sector, water supply and sanitation sector. under each
state minister there are different directorates. The main directorates are;

 Irrigation and drainage directorate.

 Basin administration directorate.
 Ground water study directorate.
 Hydropower study and Dam administration directorate.
 Energy study and development follow up directorate.
 Water supply and sanitation directorate.
 Sector support coordination directorate.

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 1.3 Vision and Mission
1.3.1 Vision of MOWIE
To see Ethiopia achieved clean drinking water supply, Irrigation, and renewable energy
development and supply, and join middle income country statues by 2025 G.C.

1.3.2 Mission of MOWIE

To contribute the economic and social development of the country by implementing integrated
and sustainable water and renewable energy resource development and administration in an
environmentally sustainable and integrate manner.

Main customers

The end users of MOWIE service are;

 All citizens of Ethiopia benefit from the service.

 Regional water, irrigation and energy bureaus.
 Other Government stakeholder.
 External Supporting agency.
 National and international Consultancy and construction company.
 Non-government organization.

Newly formed structure of the organization

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 Education level Male Female Total

Ph.D.

MA/MSC 78 14 92

BA/BSC 128 55 183

Higher diploma 1 0 1

Diploma 35 54 89

Lower diploma 15 28 43

Certificate 4 5 9

G 1-12 147 151 298

Reading and writing 11 23 34

Total 419 330 749

Table 1 staff profile

1.4 Mandate and Responsibility of the Ministry of Water, Irrigation and

Energy
The Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy shall have the following tasks;

1) Promote the development of water resource and energy.

2) Undertake basin studies and determine the country’s ground and surface water resource
potential in terms of volume and quality, and facilitate the utilization of same
3) Determine conditions and methods requires for the optimum and equitable allocation and
utilization of water bodies that flow across or lie between more than one regional state
among various uses and the regional states.
4) Undertake studies and negotiation of treaty partnering to the utilization of boundary and
Trans boundary water bodies, and follow up the implementation of same.
5) Cause the caring out of study, design and construction works to promote the expansion of
medium and large irrigation dam.

4
6) Administer dams and water structure constructed by federal budget unless they are interested
to the authority of the relevant bodies.

7) In cooperation with the appropriate organs prescribe quality standards for water to be used
for various purposes.
8) Support the expansion of potable water supply coverage, follow up and coordinate the
implementation of projects financed by foreign assistance and loan.
9) Promote the growth and expansion of the countries supply of energy.
10) Issue permits and regulate the construction and operation of water works related to water
bodies.

11) Insure the proper execution on the functions related to metrological service.
12) The power and duty given to the ministry water, irrigation and energy by the provision of
other laws, currently in force with respect to water and resource and electricity, are hereby
given to the ministry of water, irrigation and electricity

During the internship period we got engaged in water supply and sanitation minister office under
water development commission the power and duties of the commission are listed below;

1.5 Water development commission

Council of minister regulation to provide the definition of power, duties and organization of the
water development commission, proclamation No. 1097/2018

Power and duties of the commission are;

 Coordinate and conduct potable water supply and sanitation infrastructure study and
designs in rural and urban areas.
 Provide support to the regions for infrastructure development of potable water supply and
sanitation services in rural and urban areas.
 Prepare, disseminate, and ensure the implementation national potable water supply and
sanitation study, design, construction, and utility management criteria, guideline,
standards and manual.

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  Develop, analyze, disseminate, and update the national water supply and sanitation
database system.
 Secure additional financial resources from stakeholders, donors, and development
partners.
 In collaboration with appropriate stakeholders, studies quality standards that potable
water shall have and submit to the ministry.
 Facilitate ways in which capacity building supports are given to services providers,
consultant, contractor, private, governmental, non-governmental organization involved in
potable water supply and sanitation sector.
 Set the relevant system and follow up mechanism to mitigate adverse environmental and
social impacts of water supply and sanitation projects and promote recycling of treated
wastewater and resources recovery.
 Plan activities that enhance the implementation capacity of the sector. suggest policy
ideas and implement when proved.

1.6 The overall objective of task performed

 Appreciate to know the working areas of the minister office.
 Encourage to develop the work ethics.
 To develop the requirements for the design of town and rural water supply.
 To develop the skill of the managing engineering contracts.
 To find out the physical aspect of the project areas.
 To develop the skill of referring project documents, project area maps.
 How to develop spring water, ground water, and surface water for water supply service
during filed visitation.
 To know about water sector policy and strategy of the country with GTP plans.
 To know about the main WASH program.
 To develop interpersonal communication skill.

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 2. Material and methodology
During internship one of the way to perform the internship is using materials and methods.
Among this the following material and methods are used to collect data;

Material used

Deferent material has been used to accomplish the tasks;

 MOWIE written documents related to water supply.

 Water supply project design document from MOWIE library.
 Books
 Electronic copies /soft copy/
 Internet
 Writing material

Methodology used

Three types of methods are involved during the internship; interview, group discussion and
observation.

Interview

Interview is important sources of data collection. It helps the intern to find out how the project
area functions. During internship for data collection we interviewed deferent person; Mr. genzeb,
who is our supervisor and coordinator, office engineers, engineer Inderiyas who is head site
engineer in Mena waters, peoples whose who work in project area, librarian’s.

Group discussion

In the group discussion we exchange different views with classmate and students from other
universities. As a result, we develop the skill of communication and try to exchange important
data each other.

7
 Observation

Observation was used as a systematically investigating, watching and recording issues related to
activities. The observation includes;

 Pipe line
 Surge tank
 Power house
 Water collection pond
 Compact treatment
 Reservoir

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 3. Technical aspect of the internship
The first section was Coaching lectures on deferent topics including the introduction about
MOWIE;

3.1 Brief introduction about MOWIE by Dr. Fiseha.

Lecture 1

By this coaching lecture we briefly introduced with the ministry of water, irrigation, and energy
since early 1900’s. The establishment of the organization was progressive since the launch of the
first piped water to Addis Ababa palace. The organization got the current structural reform in
2018G.C. The ministry has three state minister namely; The irrigation and drainage sector, the
energy sector, the water supply and sanitation sector and headed by one head minister. Under
water supply and sanitation sector water development commission has the roll to study, design,
monitor, water supply and sanitation project.

Ethiopia is country rich with water resources having total of 12 river basins;

 Surface water (Rivers)=124.4 BCM

 Surface water (Lakes)=70 BCM
 Ground water 30-40 BCM

Potential of;

 Irrigation = 3.8 million ha

 Hydro power = 45000 MW

3.2 Ethiopian Water Resource Management Policy, Strategy and GTP ІІ by

Dr. Alemayehu.
Lecture 2

We are introduced with main water policies Ethiopia has, as long as Ethiopia has big water
potential but the country isn’t benefit from its water resource as required. This may be due to un
even spatial and temporal occurrence and distribution. In order to alleviate the problems a
priority setting and judicious water resource management policy is required. The overall goal of

9
Water Resources Policy is to enhance and promote all national efforts towards the efficient,
equitable and optimum utilization of the available Water Resources of Ethiopia for
significant socioeconomic development on sustainable basis.

The detail objectives of the policy are;

1. Development of the water resources of the country for economic and social benefits of
the people, on equitable and sustainable basis.
2. Allocation and apportionment of water, based on comprehensive and integrated plans and
optimum allocation principles that incorporate efficiency of use, equity of access, and
sustainability of the resource.
3. Managing and combating drought as well as other associated slow on-set disasters
through, interalia, efficient allocation, redistribution, transfer, storage and efficient use of
water resources.
4. Combating and regulating floods through sustainable mitigation, prevention,
rehabilitation and other practical measures.
5. Conserving, protecting and enhancing water resources and the overall aquatic
environment on sustainable basis.

The policy document also holds other sectoral issue polices such as water supply and sanitation
policy, irrigation policy, and hydropower policy.

3.2.1 Water supply and sanitation policy;

The overall objective of water supply and sanitation policy is to enhance the well-being and
productivity of the Ethiopian people through provision of adequate, reliable and clean water
supply and sanitation services and to foster its tangible contribution to the economy by providing
water supply services that meet the livestock, industry and other water users' demands.

3.2.2 Irrigation policy;

The overall objective of irrigation policy is to develop the huge irrigated agriculture potential for
the production of food crops and raw materials needed for agro industries, on efficient, and
sustainable basis and without degrading the fertility of the production fields and water resources
base.

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3.2.3 Hydropower policy;

The overall objective of the policy is to enhance efficient and sustainable development of the
water resources and meet the national energy demands as well as cater for external markets to
earn foreign exchange.

The country also working to achieve GTP.

Sr. Service standard GTP 1 GTP 2 Remarks

NO description
1 Water quality WHO WHO
2 Water quantity
2.1 Rural (l/c/d) 15 25
2.2 Urban (l/c/d) 20 100, 80, 60, 50 GTP2 depending
and 40. on the number of
the towns’
population.
3 Water fetching distance
3.1 Rural (km) 1.5 1.0
3.2 Urban (km) 0.5 In premise With 250 m for
towns with
population < 20,
000.
Table 2 GTP plan

3.3 The ground water source investigation by ato brihanu wondafrash.

Lecture 3

The purpose of ground water source investigation is to locate potential sites for the development
of adequate quantity and reasonably good quality ground water for particular use domestic,
irrigation, industrial. The following techniques are often employed for ground water
investigation;

11
 1. Geological investigation

Geological investigations enable large area to be rapidly and economical appraised on a

preliminary basis and to assess their potential for groundwater development. This method of
exploration can be sub grouped under two headings surface geological, and sub-surface
geological investigation.

2. Geomorphological investigation

Geomorphological investigation includes delineation and mapping various and landforms and
drainage patterns. This technique contributes significantly in deciphering area of ground water
recharge and their potential for ground water development. Sub grouped into two headings
landform exploration and drainage pattern.

3. Hydrogeological investigation

The objective of the hydrogeological investigation is to obtain useful information about

hydrogeological characteristics of an area. Observation of well network and studies of springs
are used as indicators of hydrogeological investigation.

4. Geophysical investigation

Geophysical investigation involve simple method of study made on the surface with the aim of
ascertaining sub surface detail. This is achieved by measuring certain physical property and
interpreting them mainly in terms of sub surface geology.

The technique that are commonly available;

 Seismic wave amplitude

 Electrical resistivity or conductivity.

The occurrence of ground water in Ethiopia mainly influenced by geology, geomorphology,

tectonic, and climate.

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3.4 Procurement and engineering contract management by w/ro tsiga
Lecture 4

By this coaching lecture we briefly introduced with what a procurement and engineering contract
management is.

Procurement is the set of tasks associated with buying a product or service. It is an umbrella term
that covers tasks that happen before, during, and after the purchase of goods and services.

procurement management focuses on strategic, long-term goals like gaining a competitive

advantage or aligning itself with corporate strategy or goals.

The following Procurement methods are applicable for procurement of Goods, engineering
Works and Non consultancy service under the program and have their own criteria based on
international and national competitive bids;

1. International competitive Bidding

2. National competitive Bidding
3. Shopping
4. Direct contracting

Procurement of consultancy services;

The following selection methods are applicable for procurement of consultancy service;

 Quality and cost Based (QCBS)

 Least cost selection (LCS)

 Selection based on consultant’s qualifications (CQS)

 Single source selection of consulting firms (SSS)

Takes into account the quality of the proposal and the cost of the services in the selection of the
successful firm (usually 80/20).

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3.5 Urban water supply design criteria.
Lecture 5

These criteria are developed for water supply feasibility studies, design and execution for urban
situations of the scale relevant to national level. The criteria include potable water quality,
population projection, water sources development, water treatment criteria for surface and
ground water. Water demand of urban area in national level also determined based on this
criterion. These criteria also include standards for system component such as conventional
treatment plant, pipelines, reservoir, metering, power supply and pump types for urban water
supply design. However, the user shall modify the parameters taking into account the particular
nature of the town or the on which the project is to be implemented. From demand analysis we
can extract the two main design data these are maximum day demand and hourly peak demand.
so the maximum day demand and pick hour demand balanced by balancing reservoir.

3.6 Rural water supply development.

Lecture 6

The development of the source for rural water supply includes selection of appropriate
technology options of water supply for rural communities. This may include on spot spring
development, well water design, and design of rural piped systems (RSP).

In design of rural water supply its important to analyze the water demand, service level in
Ethiopia, design period and population forecast. The demand variations such as the average daily
demand, maximum daily demand, pick hour demand, minimum daily demand, should take into
account in designing water supply structures.

3.7 One wash national program.

Lecture 7

The word wash implies water supply and hygiene in national level. We slightly introduced with
this program. The programs development objective is to improve the health and wellbeing of the
population in rural and urban areas by increasing sustainable and climate resilient water supply
and sanitation accesses and the adoption good hygiene practices. The intermediate objective of

14
the program is to achieve universal, sustainable, and increased coverage of safely managed water
supply and sanitation in rural and urban area.

3.8 Draft feasibility study and preliminary design for water supply.
Lecture 8

The principal objective of the study is to prepare Feasibility Study and Preliminary designs for
water supply systems for urban towns. Detail objectives consist of the following but not limited
to:

• Feasibility Study: selecting Feasible Water resource, proposing development technology

methods, Technical feasibility, and social feasibility, economic feasibility, financial
feasibility, environmental feasibility.

• Preliminary Design: proposing alternatives of water supply and sanitation system

preliminary design comprising of cost effective & most appropriate, sustainable source
selection & construction methods, proposing methods of water quality managements and
process control to avoid and reduce possible contamination & pollution of alternative
water sources with respect to sanitation conditions.

In design of water supply system, it is important to Conduct socioeconomic base line survey,
Asses existing conditions of the water supply conditions, Survey appropriate alternate water
sources, Identify and locate appropriate ground water resource, Prepare feasibility study and
preliminary engineering design and cost estimates.

The assessment of the existing water supply condition helps to have clue on the current situation
of the study area with respect to having access to safe and potable water for domestic and non-
domestic consumptions.

The objectives of the socio-economic study include: -

 To assess the demographic and socio-cultural aspects of the project area

 To assess the socio-economic aspect of private and public institutions that have impact on
the water demand of the area
 To identify the income distribution of end users and the ability and willingness of the
population to pay and use the water supply

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  To assess the willingness of the population to participate and contribute to the realization
of the water supply project and
 To review the current tariff system and propose feasible tariff system for financial
sustainability.

3.9 Project area description

Lecture 9

One of the aspect for design of water supply is the physical condition of the project area. These
description provides back ground information and basic data of the project area including
location, weather, topography, demography, elevation of the area above sea level, urban
infrastructure, road network, area boundary. These basic study is prior before any water supply
schemes constructed.

 The second section was field or site visitation

3.10 Ambo town water supply project

Ambo town is located in the western shewa zone in Oromia regional state, and it is 126 km from
the capital Addis Ababa. The geographical location of Ambo is 8 059’ Latitude N and 37o51’E
longitude. The elevation of the town is about 2102m above sea level. Ambo town had been using
the ground water with four borehole sources with a depth of greater than 50 m for water supply
system of the town for a long time. But this borehole sources were not able to meet the demand
of the population. To be the part of the solution for the problem, protected surface water or river
source used for water supply project. Water supply source of Ambo town is from Hulka River
that flows from dendi Wenchi Lake. This River source is located at 4.5km distance from Ambo
town. The design has started from 1995 but the structure system was constructed in 2004 -2006
E.C. The total project cost was 120 million birr. This construction has constructed by the aid of
NGO. The number of beneficial during the study time was 15000 people and the study was also
including Ambo university.

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3.10.1 Project components;

 The Intake structure;

The intake structure is a weir like structure with manually controlled gate at Huluka River. The
intake structure was built 5m deep below the earth surface and constructed with the width of
80cm and 1.5m length. Since these river water that comes into the intake structure is highly
turbid the intake structure had Sand control system. In sand controlling system there are two
channels the one with screen gate to screen the sand and other channel drain out the collected
sand. Recently, constructed energy dissipation with 16mm diameter reinforcement concrete that
used to reduce the deterioration of the weir due to back flow of water then cannot deteriorate and
also used as technical guard of intake structures. The design and construction cost was 2 million
birr.

Figure 1 the weir structure

17
Figure 2 the intake structure

 Collection reservoir;

The water from intake structure is pumped to collection reservoir which is located 500m far from
the source. The collection reservoir has a storage capacity of 500m 3. Consist of inlet pipe, out let
pipe, overflow pipe, washout pipe, manhole, air vent, Ladder, and Lightening Conductor. And
also a water meter is provided to measure the water from inlet and outlet pipes.

Figure 3 collection reservoir

 Treatment plant;
The treatment plant consists of: -

 Chemical mixing chamber (coagulation)

 Flocculation chamber
 Sedimentation tank
 Rapid sand filter
 Post chlorination
A. Chemical mixing (coagulation)
This is a process of adding the required chemicals. This chemical addition process takes place in
rapid mixing process to assure that the added chemicals and the water to be treated are well
mixed. In this treatment plant the required chemicals are: -
 Poly electrons –to facilitate the mixing process

18
  Aluminum sulphate (Al2So3) as a coagulant.

Jar test is used to how many chemical dosing are used. During summer poly electron usually
used because this chemical is more efficient.

Figure 4 chemical mixer

B. Flocculation;
The flocculation process is started in the pipes conveying the coagulant dosed water from the
rapid mixer to the clarifiers and then at the bottom section of the clarifiers. This is a slow mixing
process which allows the tiny particle in the water to make a bond and form a larger particle or
flocks and settle down.

C. Sedimentation tank;

In sedimentation tank the flock formed in flocculation chamber starts to settle down to the
bottom of the tank. This is due to gravitational force and the very slow water movement which
helps to those flocks to maintain their own velocity and settle down to the bottom. Since the
service time of sedimentation tank is relatively longer it may contain a lot of sludge so that
cleaning the tank regularly become more necessary.
D. Rapid Sand Filter;
Now clarified water from sedimentation tank convoyed to the filtration unit through gated
perforated pipes. The filter consists of sand and gravel with a total filter layer of 1000mm. A
system of laterals and collection channel is provided under the filter media to collect filtered
water. Discharge from each filter will be conveyed into a common water channel and conveyed
to chlorination room for disinfection.

19
Figure 5 rapid sand filter

E. Chlorination room;
The final treated water reaches this room for further treatment by chlorine for the removal of
photogenic organism.

Figure 6 chlorination room

Finally, before the distribution of the water physical, chemical and biological parameters will be
checked; Physical parameter such as PH, conductivity and temperature check for daily, Chemical
parameter such as Sulphate, chloride, nitrate, fluoride checked weekly and Biological parameter
such as total coliform and fecal coliform will be check monthly

20
 3.10.2 Recommendation
Sometimes there is gap with the employees follow up system at clarifier place that may cause the
water to over flow then make disturb and turbid for the distributed or supplied water for the
client. We recommend that using well skilled man power could fill this gap.

3.11 Bako town water supply plant

Bako is located in western shewa zone of Oromia regional state it is 230km far from Addis
Ababa. the geographical location of the town is 37003’E latitude and 9008’N longitude with an
elevation of 1743m above sea level. The town got a modern Potable Water Treatment Plant
which serves 40,000 population treating 2400m³ water daily. Installed by the German-based
company MENA-Water, the plant treat water from Gibe river. The project, which was completed
in nine months, is an alternative water supply for town residents and its environs.

The site of treatment plant is found in 4km from the Bako town in Dembidina Kebele. The
treatment plant was established in 2005 E.C and partially finished. With its investment coast 34
million birr. The owner of treatment plant is Bako town water supply bureau. for long time the
town use drinking water supply from existing wells, but was not sufficient and turbidity by the
river water during flood season preventing any direct use. To be the part of the solution for this
situation, MENA-Water installed a complete solution for water supply of 40,000 populations
with treatment of surface water from the river Gibe. The potable water plant was completely
prefabricated in the MENA-Water workshop as containerized package. Installation at site was
possible with minimum of civil work. For adjustment to the growing town population it is
possible to extend the current treatment plant as necessary. in several steps the capacity can be
expanded to achieving 7,200 m³/d.

3.11.1 Project component;

 Raw water storage pond;

Water that comes from gibe river through open channel by aid of the gravity is collected into the
storage pond. The distance of the storage pond from gibe river is 6km. The storage pond has
capacity of holding 300 m³ of water and the storage depth is 6m but now the available depth is
4m only.

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Figure 7 storage pond

 Screening;
The screening system starts before the raw water entering to the storage pond. Which is used to
control larger materials and debris (such as wood, sand, plastics, paper, clothes, etc.) from
entering to the system that may clog the system pipes. After the screening the first stage injection
system started by adding lime to the raw water this make the small floating particle to cluster
together and sediment to the bottom. When there is over flow the two different gate valves
dispose the surplus water having the diameter of 300mm.

Figure 8 screening

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  Pumping unit;

There are four pump units, these pumps are first stage pump which pumps the water into the
container, the pumps are connected with two different containers. The first two pumps are
installed on one container and the remaining two units are also installed another container. These
four installed pump units are not working at the same time; therefore, they work by shift.

 Treatment in the container;

In Bako town water supply there is a special kind of treatment system installed by Mena water
which is known as compact water treatment system. By this system the main water treatment
process is done inside treatment container. When the water pumped from the pumping unit the
raw water enters into the container, then raw water can be treated by adding only aluminum
sulphate. The circulation system of the water can be pass through by circulatory system into the
lamella, finally, water filtrated by using sand filter.

Figure 9 treatment container

 Sand filtration;

Is a well-designed & properly maintained slow sand filter effectively removes turbidity and
photogenic organisms through various biological, physical & chemical process in single
treatment step. Its advantage is to remove bacteria, virus, protozoa, turbidity & heavy metals
from contaminated fresh water. Therefore, the raw water after sand filter goes through very small
sized pipe then to the underground reservoir.

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  The system controlling room;

The controlling system is becoming more important and needed for many activates of treatment
system to run and control the overall system.

 Generator room;

In this room there are two generators, the one is functional and the other is not giving service.
The functional one is able to generate 400kw, so the treatment plant uses only one generator
system. At this time the treatment plant has no electric power so only use power from generator.

3.11.2 Recommendation
The project area faces shortage of raw water due to the upstream side community use more water
for agricultural and livestock purpose therefore the community need more water for daily activity
they got disagreement with the project.

Due to the shortage of raw water and electric power the treatment plant is not effective as it
designed. The pond requires automatic lime mixer and pump since it now works manually.

So we recommend that the project area should separate its intake from the community and it is
prior to discuss the community about the project the community should benefit from the project.
The big problem facing the project area is lack of electric power so sectoral office should solve
this problem.

3.12 Fiche town water supply project

Fiche is the administrative center of the northern Shewa zone of Oromia Regional state. 120km
away from the capital Addis Ababa. The geographical location of town is 9 080’N Latitude and
38o43’E longitude. The elevation of the town is about 2738m above sea level. The town water
supply project Construction was started in 2001 and starts producing water in 2011 E.C. the
Client was Oromia water, Mineral and energy bureau and supervised by Zone office in
agreement with Blue Matrix consultant and Sodak construction plc (contractor). The total cost of
the project was 209 million birr. This construction has construct by the aid of NGO. The number
of beneficial from the project is 75,000 People.

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3.12.1 Project components;

 Bore Hole (Deep Well)

Water from underground source is collected through bore hole or deep well. Have a sealed well
head which prevent the water from being exposed to contamination. There are 8 bore hole each
bore hole have almost same capacity of 36m3/hr. and the distance between each bore hole is 500-
600m. but existing water supply from discharge is 7.2L/s for 24hr or 25.92m3/hr. which is almost
two bore hole can cover the water demand of the town. Out of eight bore hole four bore hole has
stand by generator and this generator used when hydropower electric cutoff and can covered
50% of Fiche town water supply. This Bore holes are 25km distance from balance reservoir.

Figure 10 bore hole

 Pump House;

The pump house contains the generator which is used to generate the energy to be used by the
pumps and it also contains control panel used to control the amount of water to be pumped. And
the pump that we use is considered as a submersible pump which is used to take the water from
the bore hole to the reservoir and also buster pump is also used to transfer the water to another
reservoir and distributed by gravity.

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Figure 11 pump house

 Pressure gauge;
Measures the pressure of pump water from the collection chamber to balancing reservoir. Water
meter is also provided to measure the amount of water delivered from collection chamber.
 Balancing reservoir
The water from collection chamber is pumped to balancing reservoir which is located 25km far
from the source. The balancing reservoir has a storage capacity of 1200m3. Consist of inlet pipe,
out let pipe, overflow pipe, washout pipe, manhole, air vent, Ladder, and Lightening Conductor.
And also a water meter is provided to measure the water from inlet and outlet pipes.
 Treatment
Finally, the pumped water treated by adding chlorine. The chlorination room is located at the top
of balancing reservoir. Chlorine has mix 500L of water and dropped form balance reservoir has
clean and finally distribution for population.

3.12.2 Recommendation;
The capacity of the bore holes is more than the demand so we recommend that it’s possible to
expand the water supply system to the nearest area.

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 4. The overall internship experience
Before joining the internship program, we had expected that only practical and theoretical
knowledge would be gained. But after the completion of our internship program we could gain
different benefits and experiences. The major benefits that I gained from the internship program
are listed below.

4.1 In terms of improving practical skill

we could visualize the three years of theoretical knowledge in practice and understand how
theoretical knowledge can be changed into practical activity and put in to operation. Since the
theory and practice are directly proportional to each other the more you have theory the better
your practical capacity will be.

even though we stayed for a few days in project site we gained how to apply engineering
knowledge’s and perform water supply project take a good education from the skilled engineers
and workers in the office as well in the project area. Through our internship program we gained
basic thing that improve our practical skill like:

1) Understand how to use spring, ground, and surface water for town water supply.
2) Understand how to construct the appropriate treatment plant that meet the existing condition.
3) Understand how to manage time and raw materials near to the working area.
4) Understand the necessity of making testes for each sample.
5) We adopt social interaction in work place.

4.2 In terms of upgrading theoretical knowledge

We acquire basic and new theoretical knowledge during internship program that we may not
know before. In upgrading theoretical knowledge, the following point was covered;

 Ethiopian water resource management police and strategies and GTP plan.
 Ground water investigation
 Procurement and engineering contracts
 Demand analysis
 Urban water supply design criteria.
 Feasibility study

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4.3 In terms of improving interpersonal communication skills
For any individual, communication is an important way of learning which can be defined
formally as the act, process or experience of gaining knowledge. The communication skill that
we gained from our internship program helped us in handling information, persuading people
and in improving relationships with others.

We also gain the experience how to communicate (in which mood) to different persons (workers)
and this internship help us to improve our communication skills that the way we communicate
with staff professions and site engineers.

4.4 In terms of team playing skill

Working as a team have many advantages, it would bring multi-perspective idea that could solve
mistakes, failures and to share ideas with each other. Furthermore, it reduces our time and
stresses and also it helps to have a common understanding about the task that to be
accomplished.

During our internship almost everything was held as a team, discussing about some given issues,
preparing reports and providing presentation and filed visits programs all this was done as a
team. From this we gained a lot of benefits some of them are listed as follow;

 Listens actively - Functions as an active participant

 Treats others in a respectful and supportive manner - Cooperates and helps others
 Communicates constructively - Exhibits flexibility
 Shares openly and willingly - Shows commitment to the team
 Demonstrates reliability - Works as a problem-solver

4.5 In terms of understanding about work ethic related issues

To improve work ethics related issues, it is essential provided in the intern ship activities.
Because to work with any person or any activity you must be have a good work ethics. From the
internship we gained good work ethics by taking experience from the workers. In the
organization we had been trained, and gain different work ethics which are very important. Now
we could understand the concern of wellbeing of others, honesty, fairness, compliant to the law,
punctuality, reliability, cooperation, transparency, patience, tolerance, good agreement with

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others and accountability. These work ethics related issues improve through the activities of the
internship.

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5. CONCLUSION AND RECCOMENDATION
5.1 Conclusion
To conclude that, we have done our internship in the Ministry of Water, Irrigation and Energy
which has the main task of conducting study, design, and construction of both water supply,
irrigation projects and other energy sector projects. During the internship period we engaged
through both lecturing class and filed visit programs.

The lecturing class concerns on the country’s water sector policies, strategies and realities that
the country face toward water supplies, and what the engineers should have to do before the
construction of any water supply projects like knowing the country’s baseline for water supply
system, as a result the lecturing coaches was given high priority in the schedule. we realized that
we have to consider different perspectives during planning, data collection, designing, decision
making in construction of water supply projects.

Generally, during stay in the company enables us to know country’s water sector potential,
current and future strategies in water sector, GTP. Allows us to make and develop professional
contacts, for our future job search and also assist us in developing greater understanding of our
strength and weakness by upgrading our theoretical knowledge.

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5.2 Recommendation
In the last four months of our internship in the Minister of Water, Irrigation and Energy we
have observed a lot of things that really needs to be improved for the coming students who joins
this company by internship program. As all knows that the objective of the internship program is
to introduce the students with practical works, which helps to correlate the theoretical knowledge
that gained from the school with the practical work. However, the company has given high
priority on the lecturing coaches rather than the field work. The other problem we saw that in the
ministry tasks is preform by experience rather than using skilled man power, so this problem
should be solved.

During field visitation we saw that many treatment plant doesn’t have sludge treatment. The
sludge is discharged to the rivers downstream; this practice will probably result in gradual
deterioration of the rivers water quality. It affects human being and animals living around the
treatment plant. We kindly recommended disposing residuals of chemicals and materials in safe
place, not to pollute the environment and affect people and animals living around the area.

There is some equipment installed for the treatment plants but not functioning or they are out of
services. Since this equipment costs lots of money the concerning body should give regular and
proper maintenance.

For some town water supply projects, the nearby community for the project area doesn’t
included in the study so this may lead to disagreement with the community. Therefore, we
recommend that future studies should solve this problem.

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References
MOWIE. (2006). urban water supply design criteria. addis ababa.

MOWIE. (2019). second growth and transformation national plan for the water and sanitation sub-sector
. addis ababa.
resource, m. o. (2000). ethiopian water resource management policy. addis ababa.

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