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DCN Unit 3 PDF

The document summarizes key concepts about data link layers and error control mechanisms. It discusses framing, flow control protocols like stop-and-wait ARQ and sliding window protocols, and the High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) protocol. HDLC defines primary, secondary and combined station types, and three data transfer modes - normal response, asynchronous response and asynchronous balanced. It also describes the frame structures and control field formats used in HDLC.

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109 views42 pages

DCN Unit 3 PDF

The document summarizes key concepts about data link layers and error control mechanisms. It discusses framing, flow control protocols like stop-and-wait ARQ and sliding window protocols, and the High-Level Data Link Control (HDLC) protocol. HDLC defines primary, secondary and combined station types, and three data transfer modes - normal response, asynchronous response and asynchronous balanced. It also describes the frame structures and control field formats used in HDLC.

Uploaded by

Razin
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Data Communication & Computer Networks

(Course Code: 3143201), Sem.- IV

Unit- 3

Dr. Mani Shekhar Gupta,


Department of Information & Communication Technology
Adani University
Gujarat, India

March 10, 2023


Design issues for data link
layer
⚫ Error Control
⚫ Data transfer
⚫ Frame synchronization
⚫ Flow control
⚫ Addressing
⚫ Link management
Error Detection and Correction

⚫ Types of Errors
⚫ Detection
⚫ Correction
Single-bit error
Multiple-bit error
Burst error
The structure of encoder and decoder
Checksum
CRC
CRC encoder and decoder
Division in CRC encoder
Division in the CRC decoder for two cases
FRAMING

The data link layer needs to pack bits into frames,


so that each frame is distinguishable from another.
Our postal system practices a type of framing. The
simple act of inserting a letter into an envelope
separates one piece of information from another;
the envelope serves as the delimiter.
Two types:
Fixed-Size Framing
Variable-Size Framing
A frame in a character-oriented protocol
A frame in a bit-oriented protocol
Bit stuffing and unstuffing
FLOW CONTROL
Simplest Protocol
Stop-and-Wait Protocol
Stop-and-Wait Protocol
Design of the Stop-and-Wait ARQ Protocol
Flow diagram
Window size for Go-Back-N ARQ
Flow diagram for
Flow diagram
Design of Selective Repeat ARQ
Selective Repeat ARQ, window size
Flow diagram
Design of piggybacking in Go-Back-N ARQ
High-Level Data Link Control
(HDLC)
Broadly HDLC features are as follows:
⚫ HDLC was defined by ISO for use on both point-to-point
and multipoint data links.
⚫ Reliable protocol
⚫ selective repeat or go-back-N
⚫ Full-duplex communication
⚫ receive and transmit at the same time
⚫ Bit-oriented protocol
⚫ use bits to stuff flags occurring in data
⚫ Flow control
⚫ adjust window size based on receiver capability
⚫ Uses physical layer clocking and synchronization to send
and receive frames.
HDLC Overview
⚫ Defines three types of stations
⚫ Primary
⚫ Secondary
⚫ Combined
⚫ Defines three types of data transfer mode
⚫ Normal Response mode
⚫ Asynchronous Response mode
⚫ Asynchronous Balanced mode
⚫ Three types of frames
⚫ Unnumbered
⚫ information
⚫ Supervisory
HDLC
⚫ The three stations are :
⚫ Primary station
⚫ Has the responsibility of controlling the operation of data flow
the link.
⚫ Handles error recovery
⚫ Frames issued by the primary station are called commands.
⚫ Secondary station,
⚫ Operates under the control of the primary station.
⚫ Frames issued by a secondary station are called responses.
⚫ The primary station maintains a separate logical link with each
secondary station.
⚫ Combined station,
⚫ Acts as both as primary and secondary station.
⚫ Does not rely on other for sending data
HDLC Unbalanced Mode

Commands
Primary
Responses

Secondary Secondary

Balanced mode

Combined Combined
commands/Responses
HDLC
⚫ The three modes of data transfer operations are
⚫ Normal Response Mode (NRM)
⚫ Mainly used in terminal-mainframe networks. In this case,
⚫ Secondaries (terminals) can only transmit when specifically instructed
by the primary station in response to a polling
⚫ Unbalanced configuration, good for multi-point links
⚫ Asynchronous Response Mode (ARM)
⚫ Same as NRM except that the secondaries can initiate transmissions
without direct polling from the primary station
⚫ Reduces overhead as no frames need to be sent to allow secondary
nodes to transmit
⚫ Transmission proceeds when channel is detected idle , used mostly
in point-to-point-links
⚫ Asynchronous Balanced Mode (ABM)
⚫ Mainly used in point-to-point links, for communication between
combined stations
Normal response mode
Asynchronous balanced mode
Data Link Control HDLC frame
structure
(a) Frame
Format

(b) Control
field
format
HDLC frames
Control field format for the different frame types

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