International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research (IJSER)

ISSN (Online): 2347-3878

Impact Factor (2020): 6.733

Review Paper On: Seismic Analysis of Normal

Brick and Interlocking Block
Siri Reddy Pannala1, Synthia Maiyukhi Kotamraju2
1
B. Tech Student, Mahindra Ecole Centrale, Hyderabad, Telangana India
2
B. Tech Student, Mahindra Ecole Centrale, Hyderabad, Telangana India

Abstract: Nowadays, due to rapid growth, expensive materials, and time-consuming processes, various construction methods are being
considered and developed. One breakthrough in the construction industry is the interlocking of bricks. It is one of the best technologies
for producing low-cost building materials. The purpose of this technical paper is to investigate how effectively a wall built using
interlocking blocks withstands lateral loads, such as seismic loads. The analysis is compared with the conventional bricks. The structure
is modelled in STAAD PRO software.

Keywords: Infill, Interlocking blocks

1.Introduction improved interlocking block machine with dual mould.

This result in economical production, reduced labour
Interlocking tiles are an improvement over traditional clay costs, and increased availability of the site materials for
tiles. Each brick is designed to adhere to other surrounding building the fabric of both rural and urban development in
bricks without the use of mortar. Automatic locking is by today's world.
shear key and locking mechanism. Depending on the
design, shear wedges vary in shape and provide M. S. Jaafar et al., 2010, Structural components
complementary lock on opposite sides of the stone. Load developed in the construction of masonry buildings are
transfer is by shear transfer and gravity. Composite bricks novel interlocking blocks. It is a concrete masonry block
are compressed and stabilized adobe bricks that add without the use of mortar and there is a worldwide interest
strength to the structure. Usually not boxed. Suppliers in developing this type of masonry. This study attempted
offer interlocking bricks in a variety of sizes and locking to analyze a special hollow concrete block system without
systems. They are the best solution for buildings in hot composite mortar. Developed by Putra Malaysia
climate areas that are prone to earthquakes. They help cut University Housing Research Centre. A seismic load was
cost by 35%. These bricks do not use cement mortar to applied to the system with the finite element method. This
bind together. Instead, there is a projection that sticks out analysis is performed taking into account the interactions
on one side of a brick that perfectly fits into the depression between hollow block walls, foundations, and soil. For
of another brick. Different types of interlocking blocks are this purpose, a finite element code was developed to
being developed worldwide. In this paper the sesmic analyze masonry systems under seismic excitation. To do
analysis of interlocking blocks and normal are studied and interface elements were used to account for dry joint
discussed from varies papers investigators. contact between blocks and foundations.

2.Literature Review Jeba Jeslin, 2019, The compressive strength of

interlocking blocks increases by 15% to 30% when
Mubeena Salam et al., 2018, RC frame structures are compared with nominal brick. Interlocking blocks are
generally designed without considering the structural more tolerant and efflorescence-free. The bond strength of
effects of masonry infill. Masonry infill walls are often interlocking blocks is greater than that of nominal bricks.
used as partitions. These buildings are usually designed as The impact resistance of interlocking blocks is 80% to
framed structures without considering the static effect of 85% higher compared to nominal bricks. The energy
masonry panels. They are considered non-structural absorbed by interlocking blocks is 60%-70% higher than
elements. RC frame structure floors with an open ground by regular bricks.
floor are known to be vulnerable to strong earthquake
tremors. Clearly, soft floor failure is most common in RC Parimal Borbar, July 2020, Concept, design, and
buildings. Soft floors put a lot of stress on the supports, application of interlocking precast block design; It will
inability to provide sufficient shear strength during an prove to be an effective example of a sustainable approach
earthquake. to construction. According to the analysis in ANSYS
clearly shows that the retaining wall has a deformation of
Chukwudi Onyeakpa et al., 2014, Different techniques less than 3 mm. This can be clearly observed when
are used to manufacture wall building blocks; it can be in comparing the RCC wall stress with the precast wall. The
the form of hollow or solid blocks, made in different induced influence on precast walls is very low compared
shapes, and laid with mortar. Improved type without to RCC walls.
mortar blocks that are innovative structural components
for the construction of masonry structures called BJ Stirling et al., 2012, Interlocking Compressed Earth
interlocking blocks. Made mechanically or manually using Blocks (ICEBs) are a type of dry-stacked masonry unit.
an interlocking block production machine, especially an Most are manufactured by inexperienced workers using
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Paper ID: SE221026212934 22 of 24
 International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research (IJSER)
ISSN (Online): 2347-3878
Impact Factor (2020): 6.733
cheap materials. This paper presents the results of the analysed and results of both the models are compared to
testing program to study flexure-dominant ICEB walls. frame the conclusion.
Four 1.8 m high ICEB walls were constructed and tested
under in-plane cyclic loading. The sample was modified to 4.Conclusion
identify the effects of height and width aspect ratios and
the presence of a flange on one end, and the presence of  It is observed that interlocking block will be effective in
openings in the wall on the performance of the system. resisting the earthquake loads as;
Test results show that flexure dominated. The ICEB wall 1. Structure with infill wall built using interlocking
exhibits stable hysteretic behaviour until ductile failure block has lowest value of displacement.
occurs. 2. Structure with infill wall built using interlocking
block has lowest value of stress.
Farzad Hejazl, 2014, The interlocking key provided for 3. Displacement of interlocking block wall is reduced by
this system allowed the blocks to be integrated into a 15% when compared with brick infill wall.
sturdy wall, replacing layers of the mortar used in 4. Ordinary brick relies on mortar for its support system.
traditional masonry construction in low-earthquake areas. If the mortar fails, the entire wall or building will fail.
But interlocking bricks have their own support system
Bhavani Shankar, October 2016, It was observed that that does not depend on the mortar. They effectively
the overall displacement of interlocking block walls support each other.
decreased by about 69% compared to frames without infill  Based on the literature survey cost of interlocking block
walls and by about 15% compared to brick infill walls. In is less than brick.
both cases, the stress values are higher in the y direction.  Interlocking bricks are also suitable for hot areas.
Therefore, interlocking blocks effectively withstand Because it is compressed, it has more mass and the
seismic loads. brick keeps the interior of the building cooler.
 It also requires less effort and fewer workers to be set
up.
 They are durable and less maintenance is required.
 Self-locking bricks require only 7 days of curing, it is
most time efficient way of construction
 They can be reused as it is easier to restore the bricks
without damaging them.

After considering all these advantages it can be concluded

that interlocking block is the best component in masonry
construction.

References
[1] Jaswanth Reddy, lateral load behavior of interlocking
block masonry wall, volume 8, issue 3, march 2017,
pp.831-841 article id: ijciet_08_03_084
[2] M. S. Jaafar, Seismic analysis of interlocking block in
wall - foundation - soil system, London, ISBN: 978-
0-415-56809-8.
[3] Mubeena Salam, seismic analysis of interlocking
blocks in walls, IJSRD, vol.6, issue 05, 2018/ ISSN
(online): 2321-0613
[4] ChukwudiOnyeakpa, Improvement on the Design and
Construction of Interlocking Blocks and its Moulding
Machine, e-ISSN: 2278-1684, p-ISSN: 2320-334X,
Volume 11, Issue 2 Ver. III (Mar-Apr.2014), PP 49-
66
[5] Farzad Hejazi, seismic analysis of interlocking mortar
3.Methodology less hollow block, challenge journal of structural
mechanics 1 (1) (2015) 22-26
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earthquake, dimension of Interlocking blocks, load values Interlocking Soil Cement Bricks”, International
applied on structure are collected from various research Journal of Civil, Environmental, and Structural,
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Licensed Under Creative Commons Attribution CC BY
Paper ID: SE221026212934 23 of 24
 International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Research (IJSER)
ISSN (Online): 2347-3878
Impact Factor (2020): 6.733
[8] Parimal Borbar, analysis and design of structural
precast interlocking blocks for retaining wall, JES,
ISSN no: 0377-9254, vol.11, issue 7, July /2020,
page: 304
[9] Bhavani Shankar, seismic analysis of interlocking
block as infill wall, international research journal of
engineering and technology (IRJET), volume: 03
issue: 10 | oct-2016.
[10] Seismic analysis and earthquake resistant design of
structure book by S. K. Bhattacharjee
[11] Sampson Assiamah, comparative study of
interlocking and sandcrete blocks for building walling
systems. IJRET, vol.05, issue 01 jan-2016
[12] Bureau of Indian Standards: IS 456: 2000,-Plain and
Reinforced Concrete-code of practices||, New Delhi,
India

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