PRODUCTION OF HEAD LETTUCE (LactucasativaL.

USING DIFFERENT SOURCES OF

GREEN MANURE TEA

A Thesis Presented to

The Faculty of the Agriculture Department

Northern Negros State College of Science and Technology

Brgy.Laga-an, Calatrava, Negros Occidental

Laga-an Campus

In Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Agriculture

Major in Crop Science

Researchers

Charnel L. Pucong

CrisJessonSepilino

Jomel M. Sanopao

Kurt Jude Alfonso G. Palma

Raymond Y. Macapas

March 2015
 APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled “PRODUCTION OF HEAD

LETTUCE(Lactucasativa L.)USING DIFFERENT SOURCES OF GREEN
MANURE TEA” prepared and submitted by Charnel L. Pucong,
CrisJessonSapelino, Jomel M. Sanopao, Kurt Jude Alfonso G.
Palma,and Raymond Y. Macapashas been reviewed and evaluated
by the panel of evaluators of the undergraduate program is
hereby accepted.

JERICA C. AMELER
Adviser

THESIS PROPOSAL COMMITTEE

JOCELYN D. BANTIGUE, M.M.A EMELINA I. NACIONAL,

MAgr.
Member-Co-Chair Member –Department
Chair

ZALDY O. DEQUITO Ph. D. SAMSON M. LAUSA,

MSCS
Member Member

RENANTE A EGCAS, Ph. D.

Chairman

PANEL OF EXAMINERS

EMELINA I. NACIONAL, MAgr.

Member- Department Chair

JOCELYN D. BANTIGUE, M.M.A SAMSON M. LAUSA,

MSCS
Member- Co-Chair
Member

ZALDY O. DEQUITO, Ph. D.

Member
 RENENTE A. EGCAS, Ph. D.
Chairman

ACCEPTED AND APPROVED in partial fulfilment of the

requirements for the degreeof Bachelor of Science in
Agriculture.

ROMULO T. SISNO, Ph.D.

SUC President
 ACKNOWLEDGMENT

The researchers would like to express their sincerest

thanks, gratitude, and
appreciation to the following persons who through their
great help and untiring support
made possible the success of the study.
Prof. BillcodyVillamil, for his encouragement and
advises.
Prof. Emelina I. Nacional, Dean of the College of
Agriculture, for her guidance and support.
Prof. Jerica C. Ameler,for her full support, for her
untiring encouragements for
providing her ideas in computing and analysing the data and
for her motherly advice,
guidance, and protection rendered.
All the faculty of the College of Agriculture,
NONESCOST Laga-an Campus, for
contributing significant materials, for the pieces of advice
given which made the
researchers strong in facing all the problems.
Cong. Julio a. Ledesma IV, for the opportunity in
giving full scholarship to the
Agriculture students which help them for the new
discoveries;
Mayor Araceli T. Somosa, SB Romel Palma and Brgy. Capt.
Vicente C.
Maquiller Jr. for their full help rendered in the
institution.
Special mention to the parents, brothers, sisters,
friends, and relatives of the
researchers, for the full help and support every time they
need help financially and for
giving advices and encouragement;
 Special acknowledgment to the researchers’ classmates
for their helpful
suggestion rendered during the conduct of the study.
For those whom the researchers failed to mention, thank
you so much for making
thisstudy a successful one. The researchers will always
remember your goodness.
Above all, this book will not come to its reality without
due credit to our loving
grandparents, parents, and aunties for their financial
support, advices, encouragements,
and guidance. And most of all to our Almighty Father for
giving us enough strength and
couragein facing difficulties during our internship.
May God always be with us.Thank you and more power.
ABSTRACT
Charnel L. Pucong, CrisJessonSapelino, Jomel M.
Sanopao, Kurt Jude Alfonso
G. Palma, and Raymond Y. Macapas, NONESCOST Laga-an Campus,
Brgy. Laga-an,
Calatrava, Negros Occidental. Production of Head Lettuce
(Lactutasativa L.)Using
Different Sources of Green Manure Tea.
Thesis Adviser: Prof.Jerica C. Ameler
This study was conducted inside the perimeter of
NONESCOST Laga-an Campus
from August 5, 2014 to October 15, 2014, to determine the
production of head lettuce
using different sources of green manure tea in terms of the
average size of the head and
average number of folded leaves. Also to find out the yield
of head lettuce in terms of
the average weight of head lettuce/treatment and to evaluate
the Return of Investment
(ROI) with four (4) treatments and replicated four (4)
times. The study used Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD). Mean Difference and ANOVA were
used in the
analysis of data.
The study revealed that the growth and yield
performance of head lettuce in terms
of the average size of the head, average number of folded
leaves and average weight of
folded leaves,t₁ (control) got the highest average mean of
44.36cm, 16.50pcs and
260.83g respectively, followed by t₂(sensitive plant tea)
with a mean of 40.92cm,
16.42pcs and 226.25g, on the other hand t₃ (pinto peanut
plant tea) has a mean of 38.17
cm, andt₄(wild ground nut plant tea) got the lowest average
mean of 37.75cm.In terms
of the average number of folded leavest₁ (control) got the
highest average mean of 16.50
followed by t₂with a mean of 16.42, t₄with a mean of 16.04
andt₃ got the lowest
average mean of 15. In terms of the average weight of
headt₁got the highest average
mean of 260.83g followed byt₂ with a mean of 226.25g,t₄ with
a mean of 208.34g and
t₃got the lowest mean of 201.25g. Analysis of Variance
showed that there was no
significant difference on the average size of the head,
average number of folded leaves
and average weight of head among the four treatments at 5%
and 1% level of
significance; therefore null hypothesis stated was accepted.

Cost and Return Analysis revealed thatt₂got the highest

ROI of 187.54%
followed by t₄ with ROI of 164.82%, t₃ with ROI of 155.81%
and t₁ got the lowest ROI
of 148.73%.Since,t₂(sensitive plant tea) got the highest
Return of Investment followed
byt₄ (wild ground nut plant tea), t₃(pinto peanut plant tea)
andt₁(control) got the lowest
Return of Investment although t₁(control) got the highest
average mean in terms of size
of the head, number of the folded leaves and weight of the
head followed byt₂, t₄ and t₃.
It is recommended that t₂,t₄ and t₃ can be used as an
alternative practice in the
production of head lettuce and to further validate the
result it is also recommended to
replicate the study.
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Title Page………………………………………………………... i
Approval Sheet………………………………………………….. ii
Acknowledgement………………………………………………. iii
Abstract…………………………………………………………... iv
Table of Content…………………………………………………. v
List of Tables…………………………………………………… vii
List of Figures…………………………………………………… viii
List of Appendices……………………………………………… ix
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION ……………………………………………. 1
Background of the study ……………………………………. 1

Objective of the study …………………………………………. 2

Significance of the study …………………………………….

3

Scope and delimitation ……………………………………. 3

Location and period of the study …………………………….

3
 Definition of terms …………………………………………….. 3

CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITARATURE AND STUDIES…… 3
Foreign Literature …………………………………………….. 2

Local Literature …………………………………………… 3

Foreign studies …………………………………………… 3

Local studies ……………………………………………………. 3

CHAPTER III
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY ……………………. 2
Materials ……………………………………………………. 2

Method …………………………………………………….. 2

Experimental design …………………………………... 2

Experimental treatment and lay-out ……………………

2

Field Lay-out ……………………………………………. 2

Preparation of experimental units and green

manure tea… 2

Cultural management and procedures …………………...

2

Data gathering……………………………………………… 2

Size of head …………………………………… 2

Number of folded leaves ……………………. 2

Weight of head lettuce……………………………. 2

 Return of investment ……………………………
3

Statistical tools and analysis……………………………..

3
CHAPTER IV
RESULT AND DISCUSSION………………………………… 3
Average size of head in circumference (cm)
……………………. 3

Average number of folded leaves………………………………….

4

Average weight of harvested head

lettuce……………………….. 3

Cost analysis and Return of investment ……………………..

3

CHAPTER IV
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 5
Summary …………………………………………………… 3

Conclusion …………………………………………………… 3

Recommendation …………………………………………. 4
APPENDICES………………………………………………… 5
Appendix A …………………………………………………... 4
Appendix B …………………………………………………… 4
Appendix C …………………………………………………….. 4
Appendix D ……………………………………………………. 5
DOCUMENTATION ………………………………….. 5
Materials used …………………………………………………… 5
 Preparation of green manure tea …………………………….
6
Sowing of seeds …………………………………………… 7
Actual appearance of head lettuce …………………………….
8
REFERENCES AND RESOURCES ……………………. 8

LIST OF TABLES
TABLE TITLE page
1.0 Average size of head lettuce in circumference
(cm)at harvest… 3
1.1 Analysis of Variance for the average size of head
in circumference (cm) at harvest ………………………… 4
2.0 Average number of folded leaves at
harvest………………………. 4
2.1 Analysis of variance for average number of
folded leaves
atharves ………………………………………………. 4
2.0 Average weight of head lettuce/treatment in grams
(g)
 at harvest……………………………………………….. 5
3.1 Analysis of Variance for average weight of
head lettuce/treatment
in grams (g) at harvest………………………………………. 5
4.0 Cost Analysis and the Return of
Investment…………………… 6

LIST OF FIGURES
FIGURE TITLE page
1 The experimental field lay-out
of the study in Randomized
Complete Block Design …………………………… 4
 LIST OF APPENDICES
APPENDIX TITLE
page
TABLE/FIGURE
NO.
1 Transformed data on the average size of head

in circumference (cm) ………………………….………. 3

 2 Transformed data on the average number

of folded leaves ……………………………………………. 4

3 Transformed data on the average weight

of head lettuce/treatment in gram (g) at

harvest……………….. 6
4Transformed data on the cost analysis and return of
investment… 6

CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a temperate annual or
biennial plant of the daisy
familyAsteraceae. It is most often grown as a leaf
vegetable. In many countries, it is
typically eaten cold, raw in salads, sandwiches,
hamburgers, tacos, and in many other
dishes. In some places, including China, lettuce is
typically eaten cooked and use of the
stem is important as use of the leaf. Both the English
name and the Latin name of the
genus are ultimately derived from “lac”, the Latin word
for milk, referring to the
plant’s milky juice. Mild in flavor, it has been described
over the centuries as a cooling
counterbalance to other ingredients in a salad.
(wikipedia,2009 “Lettuce” edited by Valenciano, 2/12/15)
Lettuce has become a major player in commercial
production and marketing.
Total production worldwide does not compare with the major
cereal crops, especially
rice, corn, and wheat, or with other commodities, such as
sugar crops, beans, and
potatoes, but among the vegetables it ranks high. In the
United States it is in the top
three with tomatoes and potatoes. The key word in
contemporary use of lettuce is
change: in use of the various types, in development of
world markets, in methods of
marketing, and in methods of production.(wikipedia,2009
“Lettuce” edited by Valenciano, 2/12/15)
Lettuce leaves are one of the very low calorie green-
vegetable, vitamins are
plentiful, rich source of vitamin K, fresh leaves contain
good amounts of folates and
vitamin C, contains good amount of minerals and B-complex.
(www.nutrition-and-you.com/lett)
 On the other hand, manure tea is an all-natural soil
conditioner that
improves the soil so plants can better absorb nutrients.
(“Authentic Haven Brand” Annte Haven, 2015)
Most of our farmers make use of inorganic fertilizers
which are commercially
manufactured fertilizer that contain high levels of
readily available nutrient elements
for plant use. But continuous use of inorganic fertilizer
makes the soil hard and acidic.
In order to rehabilitate the soil, it may need the
application of organic fertilizer.
Organic fertilizers are considered as soil conditioner, as
a major source of plant
nutrient, and improve nutrient utilization by the
plants(P. Bayer et al, 2008).
Benefits of using manure tea for watering your plants
are significant over using
chemicalfertilizer. Chemical fertilizers are dangerous for
your plants health, not to
mention family’s health. Begin growing green by learning
about the benefits of using
manure tea.(“Authentic Haven Brand” Annte Haven, 2015)

Rationale
Today, for organic producer’s, lettuce represents one
of the most common and
highest grossing products for fresh, local markets.
(www.seedalliance)
Barangay Laga-an, Municipality of Calatrava, Province
of Negros Occidental
where NONESCOST Laga-an Campus College of agriculture is
located, agricultural
farming was a major activity of most people for their
financial needs and at the same
time for their consumption only. Most crops raised are
rice, corn, banana, coconut,
sugarcane, and some are vegetables like squash, okra,
string beans, and bitter gourd.
It has been observed that no one raised lettuce
(Lactucasativa L.) in Brgy.
Laga-an, Calatrava, Negros Occidental, wherein the
climatic condition is suited for this
crop. It is for these reasons that the researcher decided
to conduct a study on the
Production of Head Lettuce Using Different Sources of
Green Manure Tea such as
sensitive plant tea, perennial peanut plant tea, and wild
ground nutplant tea,which are
available in the area.

Objective of the Study

Generally, the study was conducted to determine the
production of head lettuce
(Lactucasativa L.) using different sources of green manure
tea.

Specifically, the study aims to:

1. Determine the significant difference among the
treatment on growth

of head lettuce (Lactucasativa L.) using

different sources of green

manure tea in terms of:

 a. average size of head in
circumference(cm)
b. average no. of folded leaves
2. Find out thesignificant difference among the
treatment on yield of
head lettuce using different sources of green
manure tea in terms of
the average weight of head lettuce/treatment
(kg).
3. Evaluate the significant difference among the
treatment on the
Return of Investment (ROI) in the production
of head hettuce

(LactucasativaL.)using different sources of

green manure tea.

Statement of Hypothesis
There was no significant difference in the production
of head lettuce (Lactuca
sativa L.) using different sources of green manure tea in
terms of average size of head
in circumference, average no. of folded leaves, average
weight of head, and Return of
Investment (ROI).

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

The study was conducted with four treatments
administered four times at
NONESCOST Laga-an Campus, Brgy. Laga-an, Calatrava, Negros
Occidental from
August 5, 2014 to October 15, 2014.
The experimental study was limited to the production
of head lettuce (Lactuca
sativaL.) using different sources of green manure tea in
terms of the average size of
head in circumference, average no. of folded leaves,
average weight of the head, and
Return of Investment (ROI). With a total area of 49m 2 ,
sixteen (16) plots, measuring
1mx1m assigned 9 plants/plot at a distance of 30x40cm. A
total of 144 experimental
units and 6 representatives sample per treatment.
Significance of the Study
The study was conducted to benefit the following:
Farmers. The output of this study will serve as guide to
the farmers who wish to
engage in the production of head lettuce using different
green manure tea as organic
fertilizers. In order to open their mind about the value
and economic benefits of lettuce.
Encourage farmers to use organic from inorganic lettuce
production to mitigate climate
change and avoid food contamination in order to produce
healthy food safety and
environment-friendly farming.
Students.The result of the experimental study will guide
students to do more research
on the production of valued crops and other high valued
vegetable crops using different
source of green manure tea.
Agriculture Department Extension Services.The output will
be used as instructional
materials for technology transfer in the extension program
of the department to the
target community.
Definition of Terms
The following terms extensively used in the study
were defined conceptually
and operationally.
Control.To test or verify an experiment by setting up a
control in which all factors
except the variant being tested are kept identical.
(Lexicon Webster Dictionary, 1995-page 212)
In this study Triple 14was used as control among four
treatments based on farmers practice.
Experimental design.The procedure used in the distribution
of treatments in
experimental site using appropriate randomization methods
(Research in Crop
Production, G.L. Gregorio, 2009).
In this study Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD)
wasused.

Green manure tea.Is all natural soil conditioner that

improves the soil so plants can
better absorb nutrient. (“Authentic Haven Brand” Annte
Haven, 2015)
In this study the researchers used sensitive
plant(Mimosa pudica, Linn), Pinto
peanut(Arachispintoi), and wild ground nut
(CalopogoniummucunoidesDesv.) as
green manure tea.
Growth.Refers to a positive change in size, often over a
period of time, growth can
occur as a stage of maturation or a process toward
fullness or fulfilment.
(wikipedia, the free encyclopedia “Growth” edited by
Chiswick Chap, 12/12/14)
In this study growth was determined by the average
size of head in
circumference (cm), and average no. of folded leaves
measured.
Inorganic Fertilizer.Made up of synthetic chemicals of
substances use to enrich soil
so as to promote plant growth. (Encarta Encyclopaedia,
2009)
In this study, Triple 14 was usedas control among the
treatments.
Lettuce. It is most often grown as a leaf vegetable
typically eaten cold, raw in salads,
sandwiches, hamburgers, tacos, and in many other dishes.
(wikipedia,2009 “Lettuce” edited by Valenciano, 2/12/15)
In this study, Iceberg variety was used as
experimental organisms.
Organic Fertilizer.Made up of natural substances use to
enrich soil to promote plant
growth. (Lexicon Webster Dictionary, 1995)
In this study, different sources of green manure tea
serve as organic fertilizer.
Randomization.Is the process concern with the procedure
used in arranging or
assigning treatments in the experimental area. (Research
in Crop Production, G.L.
Gregorio, 2009)
In this study, drawing of lots was done for
randomization.
Replication.The number of times a treatment is repeated in
the experiment; a means of
measuring the experimental error. (Research in Crop
Production, G.L. Gregorio, 2009)
 In this study, there were four (4) replication was
applied.
Sample.A part of the population used as source of research
data and
observation.(Research in Crop Production, G.L. Gregorio,
2009)
In this study six (6) samples per replication was
used in data gathering.
Treatment.Any condition, material or method which is
controlled and applied to
experimental subjects (crops, animals, etc.) under
required environmental conditions,
the effect of which is to be measured and compared with
the effect of other
treatments.(Research in Crop Production, G.L. Gregorio,
2009)
In this study, there were four (4) treatments was
used.
Yield.This refers to have as a product or result, to bring
ain as a profit, interst, income, and etc.(The New Lexicon
Webster’s Dictionary of the English Language 1995, Volume
2-page 1142)
In this study, the weight of harvest head lettuce(g)
and Return of Investment
(ROI) wereused to determine the yield.
 CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter focuses in the production of head
lettuce using different sources of
green manure tea.
Foreign Literature
Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) is a temperate annual or
biennial plant of
Asteraceae family. It is most often grown as a leaf
vegetable. In many countries, it is
typically eaten cold, raw in salads, sandwiches,
hamburgers, tacos, and in many other
dishes. In some places, including China, lettuce is
typically eaten cooked and use of the
stem is important as use of the leaf. Both the English
name and the Latin name of the
genus are ultimately derived from “lac”, the Latin word
for milk, referring to the
plant’s milky juice. Mild in flavor, it has been described
over the centuries as a cooling
counterbalance to other ingredients in a salad.
(wikipedia,2009 “Lettuce” edited by Valenciano, 2/12/15)
Today, for organic producers lettuce represents one
of the most common and
highest grossing products for fresh, local markets.
(www.seedalliance)
Garden lettuce is grown in well-drained, crumbly
soil, rich in organic fertilizer.
Rows are planted 30 to 38 cm (12 to 15 in) apart and
thinned frequently after the plants
reach a height of 5 cm (2 in). Commercial lettuce
production in the United States is
almostentirely given to head lettuce. The nutritional
information amount per
1cup(72g)are 361(IU) of vitamin A, 2.0mg of vitamin C,
0.1mg of vitamin E, 17.4mg
of vitamin K, 0.0mg thiamin, 0.0mg of riboflavin, 0.1mg of
niacin, 0.0mg of vitamin
B6, 20.9mg of folate, 0.0mg vitamin of B12, 0.1mg of
pantothenic acid, 4.8mg of
choline, 0.1mg of betaine, 10.1 of calories, 7.7 of
carbohydrates, 0.8 of fat, 1.6 of
protein, 0.0 of alcohol, 13mg of Ca, 0.3mg of Fe, 5.0mg of
Mg, 14.4mg of P, 102mg of
K, 7.2mg of Na, 0.1mg of Zn, 0.0mg of Cu, 0.1mg of Mn and
0.1mg of Se.
(“Self-Nutrition Data” Conde Nast 2014)

Lettuce is grown in home gardens worldwide. In warm

climates lettuce growing
is usually restricted to the spring, when temperatures are
more moderate than in
summer or winter. Lettuce grows fast and is easy to grow.
Lettuce grows best when the
daytime temperature rarely exceeds 70 to 75°F (21 to
24°C). The desert and inland
areas are too hot in summer, while the coastal areas are
too cold in winter.
Heading varieties of lettuces are commonly started in
flats, then transplanted to
individual spots, usually 8 to 14 inches (20 to 36 cm)
apart, in the garden after
developing several leaves. Lettuce spaced further apart
receives more sunlight, which
improvescolor and nutrient quantities in the leaves. Pale
to white lettuce, such as the
centers in some iceberg lettuce, contain few nutrients.
Lettuce grows best in full sun in
loose, nitrogen-rich soils with a pH of between 6.0 and
6.8. Heat generally prompts
lettuce to bolt, with most varieties growing poorly above
75 °F (24 °C); cool
temperatures prompt better performance, with 60 to 65 °F
(16 to 18 °C) being preferred
and as low as 45 °F (7 °C) being tolerated.
Head lettuce is the most important salad vegetable
grown in the United States.
Per-capita consumption exceeds 25 lb annually. Lettuce is
adapted to cool growing
conditions with the optimum temperatures for growth of 60 to
650F. At 70 to 800F, the
plants flower and produce seed. Lettuce can tolerate a few
days of temperatures from 80
to 850F, provided that nights are cool. Lettuce seed will
germinate at 350F, but optimum
germination is 70 to 750F. If the plants are sufficiently
hardened, they will withstand
freezing. Repeated exposure to subfreezing temperatures,
however, can seriously injure
or kill the crop. Lettuce has a relatively high water
requirement. Soil moisture shortage
rainfall will seriously stunt growth and head quality.
Irrigation greatly reduces risk of
crop failure. Considerable differences exist among lettuce
varieties in heat tolerance.
These differences are the primary reasons some lettuce
varieties can be grown in warmer
climates. (Douglas C. Sanders Extension Horticultural
Specialist Department of
Horticultural Science College of Agriculture & Life Sciences
North Carolina State
University)

Plants in hot areas that are provided partial shade

during the hottest part of the
day will bolt more slowly. Temperatures above 80 °F (27
°C) will generally result in
poor or non-existent germination of lettuce seeds.[29]
After harvest, lettuce lasts the
longest when kept at32 °F (0 °C) and 96 percent humidity.
(“Lettuce” encyclopedia of Food and Culture, Edward J.
Ryder 2003)
Green manure tea is an all-natural soil conditioner
that improves the soil so
plants can better absorb nutrient. Using green manure tea
is a great way to boost plant
growth and increase production. There are many myths
circulating about the use of
manure tea in home garden. Discover the use of manure teas
in home gardening.
Benefits of using manure tea for watering your plants are
significant over using
chemical fertilizer. Chemical fertilizers are dangerous
for your plants health, not to
maintain family’s health. Begin growing green by learning
about the benefits of using
manure tea.
 Liquids which are rapidly penetrate to the vicinity
of the roots and are taken up
almost immediately the easiest food for plants to absorb.
A number of concentrated
liquid organic fertilizers are available commercially and
can be used to supply the vital
nutrients in the form best utilized by your crops.
(“Authentic Haven Brand” Annte Haven, 2015)
The benefits of making your own liquid fertilizer
include the low cost and low
technology, recycling an otherwise waste product, and
providing nutrient in an easily
accessed form to your garden (great for past growing leafy
green vegetable).
Remember its best to apply to leaves in the morning to
reduce any chance of fungal
disease (from damp condition overnight), and remember to
thoroughly wash any
produce before consuming it. Liquid teas are like a
“protein shake” for your garden.
Their quickly taken up, helps stimulate microbial activity
in the soil and can quickly
address nutrient deficiency. They are best use in
conjunction with good organism soil
building technique to provide optimal growing condition
over the long term.
(“Liquid Fertilizer” The Green Life Soil Co, Fax- (08)
9274 4575/ Phone: 08-9250-4575)

Sensitive Plant scientifically known as Mimosa

pudica(from Latin: pudica
“shy, bashful or shrinking” is a creeping annual or
perennial herb often grown for its
curiosity value: the compound leaves fold inward and
droop. When touch or shaken, to
protect from predators, re-opening minutes later. It grows
mostly in shady areas under
trees or shrubs Fabaceaefamily. The stem is erect in young
plants, but becomes
creeping or trailing with age. It can hang very low and
become floppy. The stem is
slender, branching and sparsely to densely prickly,
growing to a length of 1.5m (15ft).
Mimosa pudica can form root nodules that are
habitable by nitrogen fixing
bacteria. The bacteria are able to convert atmospheric
nitrogen, which plants cannot
use, in a form that plants can use. This trait is common
among plants among in the
fabaceaefamily. Mineral content of sensitive plant tea are
92.0mg/kg of calcium,
56.8mg/kg of Mg, 0.75% of phosphorous and 0.0006mg/kg of
Se.
(Wikipedia “Mimosa Pudica” edited by Batty Bot, 2015)

Pinto peanut, scientifically known as Arachispintoiis a

perennial tropical legume

useful for pasture, ground cover and ornament. It is a

stoloniferous perennial creeping

legume that can reach 20-50 cm in height and form dense

swards. It is strongly tap-rooted

and has many secondary nodulated roots (Cook et al., 2005).

The stems are initially

prostrate and then become ascendant. The leaves are

tetrafoliolate. The leaflets are

oblong-obovate to obovate in shape, 4.5 cm long x 3.5 cm

broad, glabrous and darker
green at their. upper side and pubescent at their lower one
(Cook et al., 2005).The

flowers are yellow, borne on short axillary racemes and very

similar to groundnut flowers

but smaller. Like groundnut, once pollinated, the flower

stalks elongate and grow down

into the soil, penetrating the soil up to a depth of about 7

cm.

Intercropping Arachispintoi also improved soil physi-

chemical character. After 3-

years intercropping, orchard soil B.D in 0-20 cm was 0.98 g

cm-3, soil porosity was

25.73%, water content was 22.5%; whereas in CK was 1.06 g

cm-3, 18.6% and 21.5%

respectively. Soil pH increased from 5.12 to 6.25, soil O.M.

from 1.526% to 1.930%,

total N from 0.079% to 0.14%, total P from 0.025% to 0.030.

A. pinto contains 15.88%

crude protein, 1.36% fate, 29.43% cellulose, rich in

nutrition and good palatability the

upper 10 cm of the soil (Cook et al., 2005).(Cook, R.G.

1992. ArachispintoiKrap.&

Greg., nom. nud. In:’tMannetje, L. & Jones, R.M. (Editors):

Plant Resources of South-

East Asia No 4.Forages.Pudoc-DLO, Wageningen, the

Netherlands. pp. 48-50.
Wild ground nut, scientifically known as
CalopogoniummucunoidesDesv.
UnderFabacea, LeguminosaePapilionaceae family is like any
other legume forages,
the nutritive potential of CalopogoniummucunoidesDesv lies
in its protein content
(Lin. 1967; Evitayani et al., 2006). However, a rather
wide range of protein contents
has been reported from 5% to 24%, depending on the
material eaten (full browse a
leaves), position on the plant (top of the plant is more
nutritious) and stage of maturity
(Hsong wed-Awa et al., 2003).
CalopogoniummucunoidesDesv.is an N-fixing legume that
has no specific
requirement for rhizobium and nodulates readily. It
provides soil N to neighbouring
grasses when it is sown in mixed stands, and to the
following crop when intercropped.
Its effects can last 14-16 years (Chin.Chen Peng et al.,
1997). It is a valuable green
manure in rice fields where it is tolerant of stagnant
water condition (Kritschmer et al.,
2001; IRRI, 1998). It is used as cover crop in plantations
(banana, coffee, rubber,
palms, and black pepper). Dry matter element and trace
element concentration are
88.3% DM, 10.0% of Cu, 54% of Mn, 16.2% of Mo, and 60.8%
of Zn.
(“Calopo(Calopogoniummucunoides), Henze V., Tran G., and
Baumont R. 2013)

Local Literature
Lettuce (Lactucasativa L.) is the most popular salad
vegetable. Its high fibre but
low nutrient value makes it an ideal vegetable for those who
watch their diet. Lettuce is a
semi-temperate vegetable requiring cool temperatures of 15-
200C. The iceberg varieties
will not form heads in hotter areas. It can also be planted
in low elevations during
November to December. The quality is best in high elevations
(1000 m
asl).(“Lettuce Production Guide” by DA Region IV – B,
MIMAROPA)
Seedling production about 150-200 g of seeds is
required per hectare. The best
method of seedling production is by line sowing in seed
boxes or nursery beds with a
soil mixture of 2 parts garden soil, 2 parts manure and 1
part rice hull charcoal. Water
before sowing. Make lines 7-10 cm apart. Sow 200-400
seeds/m. Cover with the same
mixture and mulch with rice hull or fine rice straw. Water
daily and prick to nursery
trays with the same soil mix after germination. Maintain
under partial shade and harden
by exposure to full sunlight one week before
transplanting. The seedlings are ready for
transplanting 3-4 weeks from sowing.
Prepare the land thoroughly. Make beds 0.75-1.0 m
wide. Incorporate generous
amounts of animal manure at 10-20t/ha. Use rice hull to
improve soil texture.
In transplanting water the beds properly before
transplanting. If the rice straw is
available, mulch the beds and transplant at 30-40 cm x 30-
40 cm, 2-3 rows/bed to
intercrop onion, chives, or garlic in the beds with
marigold.Water the plants regularly.
Use furrow irrigation, if available. Mulching helps
conserve soil moisture.
Apply sufficient animal manure at transplanting. Use
tea manure or legume tea
once a week, or as needed. Prepare tea manure by soaking
manure in plastic drum.
After two days, the resulting mixture, tea manure, is used
as fertilizer to boost plant
growth. Legume tea is prepared by soaking leaves of ipil-
ipil or madre de cacao in
water. The mixture is ready after 6-10 days.
Lettuce has few significant pests and diseases. In
case of cabbage looper and
aphids, use botanical pesticides or soap solution.
Bacterial rot can be minimized by
sanitation.
Harvest iceberg lettuce at 45-60 days from
transplanting, when heads are firm.
Harvest loose-leaf lettuce as needed, preferably before
bolting.
For large-scale planting, sort the heads in the
field and pack immediately in
perforated carton boxes. If available, vacuum cooling to
10C is best. Transport
at 40C.(“Lettuce Production Guide” by DA Region IV – B,
MIMAROPA)

CHAPTER III
MATERIALS AND METHODOLOGY
This chapter focuses to the materials and
methodology applied.
Experimental design
The research study utilized the experimental design
by using Randomized
Complete Block Design (RCBD).
Experimental treatment and field lay-out
A total area of 49sq. m. was used in the study. The
area was designed with
16 plots and assigned 9 plants per plot forthe four (4)
treatments. Each plot was
assigned randomly to the treatments through drawing of
lots. Experimental lay-out is
shown in Figure No 1 below and this was done by drawing of
lots.
Figure No 1. The experimental design and lay-out in
Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD) with four replicate per treatment.
BLOCK I BLOCK II BLOCK III
BLOCK 1V

0.6m

t2 t4 t3
t3

0.6m
t1 t3 t3 t4

7m
t2 t1 t2 t1

t4 t4 t1 t2

7m

Legend:
t₁ = T14 (triple 14)
t₂ = sensitive plant tea (Mimosa pudica Linn.)
t₃ = pinto peanut plant tea (Arachispintoi)
t₄ = wild ground nut plant tea
(CalopogoniummuconoidesDesv.)
 In the preparation of fertilizer, 1tbsp of T14 is
diluted in 1 litre of water, it
was then applied with 15 days of interval. For t₂, t₃, and
t₄, 1litre of plant tea was
mixed with 10 litre of water and applied twice a week with
350ml of mixture per
plant.
Materials used in the study
The following materials and toolswas used;seeds of
head lettuce, meter stick,
bolo, 16 pcs of small plywood (signage’s), scissors, 10kgs
capacity weighing scale,3
empty container, compost goat manure dry and stored for
one (1) month, rice hull was
carbonized and stored for one (1) month, selective garden
soil and green manure tea
such as sensitive plant tea, perennial peanut plant tea
and wild ground nut plant tea was
prepared before the study was conducted.
Based on the lay-out, the researchers assigned the
treatment and replication by
drawing of lots, and thenplacing signage on their
designated plot for researcher
identification of treatment.
Procedure in preparation of green manuretea inputs
1. Collect 1kg of the entire plant of sensitive
plant (MemosapudicaLinn), 1kg
ofpinto peanut (Arachispintoi) and 1kg of wild ground nut
(Calopogonium
mucunoidesDesv.).
2. Chop into small pieces and put into an individual
clean sack, put it into the
individual container or bucket and filled 10 litre of
water in every container.
3. Cover the container or bucket with a clean cloth
and tie it (it should have
enough air circulation and prevent any rodents from
drowning in the solution).
4. It is advisable to turn the liquid from time to
time.
5. After round 15 to 20 days, remove the tea bag or
pot and allow draining.
6. For top dressing around the plant stems, you have
to dilute it at a rate of 1
litre of plant tea to 10 litres of water.
7. If you use it as foliar fertilizer (to spray the
leaves of the plants), you have to
dilute it more at a rate of 1 litre of plant solution to a
20 litre of water.(“Liquid
Fertilizer” The Green Life Soil Co, Fax- (08) 9274 4575/
Phone: 08-9250-4575)
Procedure in Preparation of Soil Medium
1. Collect goat manure pulverized and dry, carbonized rice
hull and garden soil.
2. Mix 50% garden soil, 35% goat manure and 15% carbonized
rice hull thoroughly.
3. Put 2kgs soil medium in a whole measure 20cm in
diameter and 15cm deep.
Cultural Management and Procedures
a. Site selection
Evaluate the soil type and how much sunlight
falls on the proposed site,
factors that affect the types of plants that can be
grown in a particular area and
water availability is essential.
b. Soil Analysis
Soil analysis was done before the land
preparation. The soil ph. result
was 6.4, it is analysed on July 30, 2014 in the
Province of Negros Occidental,
Office of the Provincial Agriculturist, Soils
Laboratory Centre.
b. Land preparation and lay-out
Clearing the area was done for easy measurement
and lay-outing the
area before planting. Researchers used meter stick
and follow the required
measurement.
c. Soaking and sowing of seeds
Head lettuce seeds were soaked for 30 minutes.
After soaking the seeds
was placed in an indigenous homemade seedling bag
made of banana leaves
with soil medium(carbonized rice hull, garden soil,
and compost goat manure)
for germination and cover thin layer of soil then
placed in a partial shaded area
for about five leaves developed prior to
transplanting.

d. Care of seedlings
Seedlings were hardened by exposing them to
sunlight for four days
prior to transplanting. Watering of seedlings
weredone every early in the
morning.
e. Transplanting
 Seedlings were transplanted when there are five
leaves developed from
nursery to the experimental area with a distance of
30cm per hill x 40cm per
row.
f. Watering
Watering was regularly done every early in the
morning.
g. Pest and Diseases Management
Hand picking and spraying of organic botanical
pesticidecontrol will be
employed in controlling pest and disease that will attack
on head lettuce.
h. Harvesting
Head lettuce were harvested at 55 days after
transplanting using knife
and placed in a basket and label.
Data Gathering
Weight was measured by 5kg weighing scale capacity in
grams, average size of
headwas measured in circumference using measuring tape in
cm, counting the number
of folded leaves were done right after harvesting and to
determine the ROI among each
treatment and this was obtain by following the formula
below:
Gross income - expenses = Net income
ROI = Net income x 100
Expenses
Statistical Tools and Analysis
The statistical treatment employed in the study was the
Analysis of Variance
(ANOVA) to detect if there are significant differences
among the treatments. The
computed F-value of the treatment mean will be compared to
the tabular F-value and
will be used as the basis for concluding whether the
hypothesis was rejected or not.
CHAPTER IV

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Table1.0. Average size of head lettuce in circumference

(cm)at harvest in the Production
of Head Lettuce (Lactucasativa L) Using Different Sources of
Green Manure Tea
Block
Treatme
nt 1 2 3 4 ∑x X̅
41.1 177.4 44.3
1 47.08 45.5 43.67 7 2 6
38.8 163.6 40.9
2 45.83 38.5 40.5 3 6 2
39.1 152.6 38.1
3 42 7 37.5 34 7 7
33.3 37.7
4 34.17 3 41 42.5 151 5
169.0 156. 162.6 156. 644.7
Total 8 5 7 5 5
Grand 40.3
Mean 0

Table 1.0 showed the average size of head lettuce

in circumference (cm) at
harvest in the Production of Head Lettuce (Lactucasativa
L.) Using Different Sources
of Green Manure Tea where t₁(control) got the highest
average mean of 44.36cm
followed byt₂ with a mean of 40.92cm,t₃ with a mean of
38.17 cm and t₄ got the
lowest average mean of 37.75cm.
The result implied that t₁(control) got the highest
average size of the head
among treatments. Furthermore t₂,t₃and t₄have found a
comparable effect in terms of
the size of the head.

Table1.1: Analysis of Variance for the average size of head

in circumference (cm) at
harvestin the Production of Head Lettuce (Lactucasativa L.)
Using Different Sources of
Green Manure Tea

SV DF SS MS F-Value

Computed Tabular
5%: 1%
Block 3 27.12 9.04 0.65 3.86 6.99
Treatmen 111.4 37.1
t 3 9 6 2.66 3.86 6.99
Expt'I 125.7 13.9
Error 9 3 7
264.3
Total 15 4
 not significant
CV = 10%

Table 1.1 reflected the ANOVA table on the average size

of head in
circumference in (cm) as presented on table 1.0. It showed
that 5% level of significance
was greater than computed F-value. Therefore, null
hypothesis stated was accepted.

Table2.0. Average number of folded leaves at harvest in the

Production of Head Lettuce

(LactucasativaL)Using Different Sources of Green Manure Tea

Block
Treatmen
t 1 2 3 4 ∑x X̅
16.1 16.6 17.1 16.5
1 16 7 7 7 66.01 0
15.8 17.6 18.1 16.4
2 3 7 14 7 65.67 2
16.8 15.1 14.3 13.6
3 3 7 3 7 60 15
 13.1 13.3 18.1 16.0
4 7 3 19.5 7 64.17 4
Grand 61.8 62.3 67.1 255.8
Total 3 4 64.5 8 5
Grand 15.9
Mean 9

Table 2.0 showed the average number of folded

leaves at harvest in the
Production of Head Lettuce (Lactucasativa L.) Using
Different Sources of Green
Manure Tea where t₁(control) got the highest average mean
of 16.50 followed byt₂
with a mean of 16.42cm,t₄with a mean of 16.04 andt₃ got the
lowest average mean of
15.
The result implied thatt₁ (control) got the highest
average number of folded
leaves among treatments. Furthermoret₂,t₃ andt₄have found a
comparable effect in
terms of the number of folded leaves.

Table2.1:Analysis of variance for average number of folded

leaves at harvest in the
Production of Head Lettuce (Lactucasativa L.)Using Different
Sources of Green
Manure Tea

SV DF SS MS F-Value

Computed
: Tabular
5%: 1%
18.3
Block 3 4.46 6 3.68 3.86 6.99
Treatmen
t 3 5.72 1.91 0.38 3.86 6.99
Expt'I 44.8
Error 9 9 4.99
55.0
Total 15 7

not significant CV =
14%

Table 2.1 reflected the ANOVA table on the average

number of folded leaves at
harvest as presented on table 2.0. It showed that 5% level
of significance was greater
than computed F-value. Therefore, null hypothesis stated was
accepted.
Table3.0. Average weight of head lettuce/treatment in grams
(g) at harvest in the

Production of Head Lettuce (LactucasativaL)Using Different

Sources of Green Manure

Tea

Block
Treatm
ent 1 2 3 4 ∑x X̅
288.3 266. 238. 1043.
1 3 250 67 33 33 260.83
283.3 156.
2 3 67 255 210 905 226.25
251.6 208. 196. 148.
3 7 33 67 33 805 201.25
256. 144. 167. 833.3
4 265 67 17 5 4 208.34
Grand 1088. 871. 862. 764. 3586.
Total 33 67 51 16 67
Grand 224.16
Mean 69

Table 3.0 showed the average weight of head

lettuce/treatment at harvest in

the Production of Head Lettuce (Lactucasativa L.) Using

Different Sources of Green

Manure Tea where t₁ (control) got the highest average mean

of 260.83g followed by t₂

with a mean of 226.25g,t₄ with a mean of 208.34g andt₃got

the lowest average mean

of 201.25g.
 The result implied that t₁ (control) got the
highest average weight among

treatments. Furthermore t₂,t₄ andt₃have found a comparable

effect in terms of weight.

Table3.1. Analysis of Variance for average weight of head

lettuce/treatment in grams (g)
at harvest in the Production of Head Lettuce (Lactucasativa
L.) Using Different Sources
of Green Manure Tea

SV DF SS MS F-Value

Computed
: Tabular
5%: 1%
14021.1 4673.7
Block 3 4 1 3.16 3.86 6.99
Treatmen 2832.7
t 3 8498.14 1 1.91 3.86 6.99
Expt'I 13328.5 1480.9
Error 9 1 5
35847.7
Total 15 9

not significant CV = 17
%
 Table 3.1 reflected the ANOVA table on the average
weight of head lettuce at
harvest as presented on table 3.0. It showed that 5% level
of significance was greater than
computed F-value. Therefore, null hypothesis was accepted.

Cost Analysis and the Return of Investment

Table 4.0:Cost Analysis and the Return of Investment on the

Production of Head
Lettuce (Lactucasativa L.) Using Different Sources of Green
Manure Tea

Treatment Cost of Gross Net Income Return of

Production Income (Php) Investment
(Php) (Php) (%)
t1 231.17 575.00 343.83 148.73
t2 188.81 543.00 354.19 187.54
t3 188.81 483.00 294.19 155.81
t4 188.81 500.00 311.19 164.82
 Table 4.0 presented the Cost Analysis and the
Return of Investment in the
Production of Head Lettuce (Lactucasativa L.)Using
Different Sources of Green
Manure Tea on each treatment in actual basis t₂got the
highest ROI of 187.54%
followed by t₄with ROI of 164.82%, t₃with ROI of 155.81 and
t₁(control) got the
lowestROI of 148.73% among treatments based on the actual
basis.

CHAPTER V
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
This chapter includes the summary, conclusion, and
recommendation on the
production of head lettuce(Lactucasativa L.) using different
sources of green manure
tea.
SUMMARY
This study was conducted inside the perimeter of
Agriculture Department
NONESCOST Laga-an Campus from August 5, 2014 to October
15, 2014, to
determine the production of head lettuce (Lactucasativa
L.) using different sources of
green manure tea. There were four (4) treatments used
namely: t₁ - triple 14(control);
t₂-sensitive plant tea (Mimosa pudica Linn.);t₃- pinto
peanut plant tea (Arachis
pintoi); and t₄-wild ground nut plant
tea(CalopogoniumuconoidesDesv.). These
treatments were arranged in Randomized Complete Block
Design (RCBD) replicated
four times. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was used as a
statistical tool of the study.
Growth performance of head lettuceusing different
sources of green manure tea
was measured in terms of average size of head in
circumference (cm) and average
number of folded leaves. The effect of different sources of
green manure tea in yield was
measured in terms of average weight of head
lettuce/treatment in grams and Return of
Investment (ROI).
For the average size of head lettuce in
circumference (cm), t₁got the highest
mean of 44.36 cm, followed byt₂with a mean of 40.22cm,
t₃with a mean of 38.17 cm
andt₄got the lowest average mean of 37.75cm.
 For the average number of folded leavest₁ (control)
got the highest average
mean of 16.50 followed by t₂with a mean of 16.42,t₄ with a
mean of 16.04 and t₃ got
the lowest average mean of 15.
For the average weight of head t₁ got the highest
average mean of 260.83g
followed byt₂with a mean of 226.25g,t₄ with a mean of
208.34g andt₃ got the lowest
averagemean of 201.25g.
The result of the study revealed that the data on the
average size of head lettuce
and the average number of folded leaves at harvest
/treatment/replication were not
significant. The average weight of head lettuce was also
found not significant.
For the ROI of head lettuce,t₂ got the highest ROI
of 187.54% followed by
t₄ with ROI of 164.82%,t₃with ROI of 155.81% and t₁ got the
lowest ROI of
148.73%.

CONCLUSIONS
Based on the result of the study, the following conclusions
were drawn:
1.In terms of the average size of head lettuce in
circumference (cm) and average
number of folded leaves on the growth performance of head
lettuce (Lactucasativa L.)
using different sources of green manure tea, t₁(control)
got the highest average size of
head and number of folded leaves among treatments.
Furthermoret₂,t₃and t₄have
found a comparable effect in terms of average size of head
and average number of
folded leaves.
2. The effect in the yield performance on the production
of head lettuce (Lactucasativa
L.) using different sources of green manure tea revealed
that t₁ got the highest mean in
terms of average weight of head lettuce/treatment in grams
followed by t₂,t₄ andt₃.
3. In terms of the Return of Investment (ROI) on the
production of head lettuce
(Lactucasativa L.)using different sources of green manure
tea of the four treatments,
t₂got the highest ROI followed byt₄, t₃and t₁got the lowest
return of investment in
actual basis.

RECOMMENDATIONS
Based on the result of the study, the following
recommendations were forwarded:
1.Since,t₂-sensitive plant tea (Memosapudica Linn)
obtained the highest Return of
Investment(ROI) followed by t₄-wild ground nut (
CalopogoniummucunoidesDesv.)
andt₃-pinto peanut ( Arachispintoi); therefore, it is
recommended that t₂,t₄ and t₃can
be used as an alternative practice as organic liquid
fertilizer in the production of head
lettuce (Lactucasativa).

2.It is recommended to use a sensitive plant tea, pinto

peanut and wild ground nut as a
green manure tea in the production of head lettuce
(Lactucasativa L) since it is available
in our surroundings, low cost and requires simple
technology, recycling on farm waste
and providing necessary nutrient in your garden.
3. It is also recommended to use different manure tea in our
garden/farm as organic liquid
fertilizer in order to maintain healthy plant, healthy food,
and healthy body as well as
protect our ecosystem.
 APPENDICES

APPENDIX A

Size of head lettuce in circumference (cm)

Treatment 1

Sampl
e Blk1 Blk2 Blk3 Blk4 Total Mean
1 46 47 39 43 175 43.75
2 47 44 43 41 175 43.75
3 47.5 53 44 41 185.5 46.37
 5
4 50 42 48 45 185 46.25
5 48 37 45 43 173 43.25
6 44 50 43 34 171 42.75
282. 1064.
Total 5 273 262 247 5
47.0 43.6 41.1
Mean 8 45.5 7 7 44.35

Treatment 2

Sampl
e Blk1 Blk2 Blk3 Blk4 Total Mean
1 45 41 41 38 165 41.25
2 44 42 42 42 170 42.5
3 42 43 44 41 170 42.5
4 55 42 43 39 179 44.75
5 46 31 40 33 150 37.5
6 43 32 33 40 148 37
Total 275 231 243 233 982
Mean 45.83 38.5 40.5 38.83 40.92

Treatment 3

Sampl
e Blk1 Blk2 Blk3 Blk4 Total Mean
1 40 40 42 38 160 40
2 47 36 37 38 158 39.5
3 41 39 30 31 141 35.25
4 40 35 40 29 144 36
5 42 39 33 34 148 37
6 42 46 43 34 165 41.25
Total 252 235 225 204 916
Mean 42 39.17 37.5 34 38.17

Treatment 4

Sampl
e Blk1 Blk2 Blk3 Blk4 Total Mean
1 32 33 39 47 151 37.75
2 35 27 45 43 150 37.5
3 30 32 43 40 145 36.25
4 44 35 38 38 155 38.75
5 31 34 42 42 149 37.25
6 33 39 39 45 156 39
Total 205 200 246 255 906
Mean 34.17 33.33 41 42.5 37.75

APPENDIX B

Number of folded leaves

Treatment 1
Sampl
e Blk1 Blk2 Blk3 Blk4 Total Mean
1 16 15 16 16 63 15.75
2 15 15 19 15 64 16
3 19 17 18 18 72 18
4 16 20 15 22 73 18.25
5 17 16 16 16 65 16.25
6 13 14 16 16 59 14.75
Total 96 97 100 103 396
Mean 16 16.17 16.67 17.17 16.5

Treatment 2

Sampl
e Blk1 Blk2 Blk3 Blk4 Total Mean
1 14 19 12 17 62 15.5
2 19 17 14 17 67 16.75
3 15 16 16 20 67 16.75
4 15 18 18 21 72 18
5 15 16 14 16 61 15.25
6 17 20 10 18 65 16.25
Total 95 106 84 109 394
Mean 15.83 17.67 14 18.17 16.42

Treatment 3

Sampl
e Blk1 Blk2 Blk3 Blk4 Total Mean
1 15 14 14 15 58 14.5
2 16 14 13 15 58 14.5
3 18 19 15 12 64 16
4 16 13 12 16 57 14.25
5 17 14 15 11 57 14.25
6 19 17 17 13 66 16.5
Total 101 91 86 82 360
Mean 16.83 15.17 14.33 13.67 15

Treatment 4

Sampl
e Blk1 Blk2 Blk3 Blk4 Total Mean
1 14 15 19 21 69 17.25
2 13 10 15 11 49 12.25
3 11 12 20 14 57 14.25
4 15 12 20 23 70 17.5
5 14 15 20 19 68 17
6 12 16 23 21 72 18
Total 79 80 117 109 385
Mean 13.17 13.33 19.5 18.17 16.04

APPENDIX C

Weight of head lettuce

 Treatment 1

Sampl
e Blk1 Blk2 Blk3 Blk4 Total Mean
1 230 240 220 220 910 227.5
2 240 270 210 180 900 225
3 380 300 310 400 1390 347.5
4 410 240 420 220 1290 322.5
5 210 170 220 280 880 220
6 260 280 220 130 890 222.5
Total 1730 1500 1600 1430 6260
288.3 266.6 238.3 260.8
Mean 3 250 7 3 3

Treatment 2

Sampl Tota
e Blk1 Blk2 Blk3 Blk4 l Mean
1 240 130 260 170 800 200
2 250 210 260 300 1020 255
3 310 170 290 250 1020 255
4 300 200 320 160 980 245
5 310 130 200 110 750 187.5
6 290 100 200 270 860 215
Total 1700 940 1530 1260 5430
283.3 156.6 226.2
Mean 3 7 255 210 5

Treatment 3
Sampl Tota
e Blk1 Blk2 Blk3 Blk4 l Mean
1 250 210 210 180 850 212.5
2 270 140 140 160 710 177.5
3 250 240 100 120 710 177.5
4 210 140 320 120 790 197.5
5 280 200 150 160 790 197.5
6 250 320 260 150 980 245
Total 1510 1250 1180 890 4830
251.6 208.3 196.6 148.3 201.2
Mean 7 3 7 3 5

Treatment 4

Sampl
e Blk1 Blk2 Blk3 Blk4 Total Mean
1 360 250 160 150 920 230
166.2
2 190 240 80 155 665 5
168.7
3 210 260 85 120 675 5
228.7
4 230 250 140 295 915 5
5 310 280 210 130 930 232.5
223.7
6 290 260 190 155 895 5
Total 1590 1540 865 1005 5000
256.6 144.1 208.3
Mean 265 7 7 167.5 3
 APPENDIX D

Cost of Production

Treatment 1

Variable Quantity Unit Amount/unit Total

amount
T14 granules 1.008 kg P45/kg P45.36
Pail 1 pc P45/pc P45.00
Land Prep 6 hr 12.50/hr P75.00
Seeds 24 pcs 0.21/pc P5.00
Seedbed Prep 0.75 hr 12.50/hr P9.38
Transplanting 0.375 hr 12.50/hr P4.69
Fertilizer 3 hr 12.50/hr P37.5
Application
Weeding & 0.75 hr 12.50/hr P9.38
Cultivation
Harvesting 0.375 hr 12.50/hr P4.69
Total Cost Php236.00

The total harvest in t1 is 5,750g

5,750g x 1kg=5,750kg = 5.75kg

1,000g 1,000

5.75kg x 100.00 = Php575.00 (Gross

Income)

Gross Income Php575.00

Less: Total cost of production- Php236.00

Net Income Php339.00

 Treatment 2

Variable Quantity Unit Amount/unit Total

amount
Pail 1 pc 45.00/pc 45.00
Tea bag 1 pc 3.00/pc 3.00
Tea prep. 0.5 hr 12.50/hr 6.25
Land prep. 6 hr 12.50/hr 75.00
Seeds 24 pcs 0.21 5.00
Seedbed prep. 0.75 hr 12.50/hr 9.38
Transplanting 0.375 hr 12.50/hr 4.69
Tea 2.5 hr 12.50/hr 31.25
application
Weeding & 0.75 hr 12.50/hr 9.38
Cultivation
Harvesting 0.375 hr 12.50/hr 4.69
Total Expenses Php193.64

The total harvest in t2 is 5,430g.

5,430g x 1kg =5430kg = 5.43kg

1,000g 1,000

5.43kg x100.00 = 543.00 (Gross Income)

1kg

Gross Income Php543.00

Less: Total cost of production- Php193.64

Net Income Php349.36

 Treatment 3

Variable Quantity Unit Amount/unit Total

amount
Pail 1 pc 45.00/pc 45.00
Tea bag 1 pc 3.00/pc 3.00
Tea prep. 0.5 hr 12.50/hr 6.25
Land prep. 6 hr 12.50/hr 75.00
Seeds 24 pcs 0.21 5.00
Seedbed prep. 0.75 hr 12.50/hr 9.38
Transplanting 0.375 hr 12.50/hr 4.69
Tea 2.5 hr 12.50/hr 31.25
application
Weeding & 0.75 hr 12.50/hr 9.38
Cultivation
Harvesting 0.375 hr 12.50/hr 4.69
Total Expenses Php193.64

The total harvest in t3 is 4,830g.

4,830g x 1kg =4,830kg = 4.83kg

1,000g 1,000

4.83kg x100.00 = 483.00 (Gross Income)

1kg

Gross Income Php483.00

Less: Total cost of production- Php193.64

Net Income Php289.36

 Treatment 4

Variable Quantity Unit Amount/unit Total

amount
Pail 1 pc 45.00/pc 45.00
Tea bag 1 pc 3.00/pc 3.00
Tea prep. 0.5 hr 12.50/hr 6.25
Land prep. 6 hr 12.50/hr 75.00
Seeds 24 pcs 0.21 5.00
Seedbed prep. 0.75 hr 12.50/hr 9.38
Transplanting 0.375 hr 12.50/hr 4.69
Tea 2.5 hr 12.50/hr 31.25
application
Weeding & 0.75 hr 12.50/hr 9.38
Cultivation
Harvesting 0.375 hr 12.50/hr 4.69
Total Expenses Php193.64

The total harvest in t4 is 5,000g.

5,000g x 1kg =5,000kg = 5kg

1,000g 1,000

5kg x100.00 = 500.00 (Gross Income)

1kg

Gross Income Php500.00

Less: Total cost of production- Php193.64

Net Income Php306.36

 DOCUMENTATION

SEEDLING PREPARATION
GREEN MANURE TEA PREPARATION
LAND PREPARATION
 STICKING

SOIL MEDIUM PREPARATION

PLANTING
GREEN MANURE TEA HARVESTING
MONITORING
HARVESTING
WEGHIENG OF THE HEAD LETTUCE
MEASURING THE CIRCUMFERENCE OF HEAD LETTUCE
HARVESTED HEAD LETTUCE READY FOR COUNTING OF FOLDED LEAVES
COUNTING THE NO. OF LEAVES
References and Resources

wikipedia,2009 “Lettuce” edited by Valenciano, 2/12/15

retrieve 6/20/14

nutrition-and-you.com/lett2/12/15 retrieve 6/20/14

“Authentic Haven Brand” Annte Haven, 2015 retrieve 6/20/14

Lexicon Webster Dictionary, 1995 -page 212retrieve 6/20/14

wikipedia, the free encyclopedia “Growth” edited by

Chiswick Chap, 12/12/14retrieve 6/20/14

wikipedia,2009 “Lettuce” edited by Valenciano,

2/12/15retrieve 6/20/14
Lexicon Webster Dictionary, 1995retrieve 6/20/14

Research in Crop Production, G.L. Gregorio, 2009retrieve

6/20/14

The New Lexicon Webster’s Dictionary of the English

Language 1995, Volume 2-page 1142retrieve 6/20/14

wikipedia,2009 “Lettuce” edited by Valenciano,

2/12/15retrieve 6/20/14

www.seedallianceretrieve 6/20/14

“Self-Nutrition Data” Conde Nast 2014retrieve 6/20/14

Douglas C. Sanders Extension Horticultural Specialist

Department of
Horticultural Science College of Agriculture & Life Sciences
North Carolina State
Universityretrieve 6/20/14

“Lettuce” encyclopedia of Food and Culture, Edward J.

Ryder 2003retrieve 6/20/14

“Authentic Haven Brand” Annte Haven, 2015 retrieve 6/20/14

“Liquid Fertilizer” The Green Life Soil Co, Fax- (08) 9274
4575/ Phone: 08-9250-4575 retrieve 6/20/14
Wikipedia “Mimosa Pudica” edited by Batty Bot,
2015retrieve 6/20/14
Cook et al., 2005 retrieve 6/20/14
Cook, R.G. 1992. ArachispintoiKrap.&Greg., nom. nud.
In:’tMannetje, L. & Jones, R.M. (Editors): Plant Resources
of South-retrieve 6/20/14

East Asia No 4.Forages.Pudoc-DLO, Wageningen, the

Netherlands. pp. 48-50

Hsong wed-Awa et al., 2003retrieve 6/20/14

“Calopo(Calopogoniummucunoides, Henze V., Tran G., and

Baumont R. 2013retrieve 6/20/14

“Lettuce Production Guide” by DA Region IV – B,

MIMAROPAretrieve 6/20/14

“Liquid Fertilizer” The Green Life Soil Co, Fax- (08) 9274
4575/ Phone: 08-9250-4575retrieve 6/20/14

Province of Negros Occidental, Office of the Provincial

Agriculturist, Soils Laboratory Centreretrieve 6/20/14

CURICULUMN VITAE
CHARNEL L. PUCONG

So.Lagha,Brgy. Quezon, San Carlos City,

Negros Occidental

6127 Philippines

April 3, 2015

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: February 23, 2014

Place of Birth: So. Lagha, Brgy. Quezon, San Carlos City,

Negros Occidental
Height: 167.64 cm Weight: 134.48lbs
Nationality: Filipino

Religion: Roman Catholic Civil Status: Single

Sex: Male

Languages and Dialect Spoken: English, Tagalog, Cebuano and

Ilonggo
Father’s Name: Eusebio A. Pucong Occupation: Farmer

Mother’s Name: Caridad L. Pucong Occupation:

Housekeeper

Parents Address: So. Lagha, Brgy. Quezon, San Carlos City,

Negros Occidental

II. EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT

Elementary: Lagha. Elementary School

School Address: So. Lagha, Brgy. Quezon, San Carlos City,

Negros Occidental

Degree Receive: Graduate Years Attended: 2000-2006

Secondary: Our Lady of Peace Mission School

School Address: So. Agbulod, Brgy. Prosperidad, San Carlos

City, Negros Occidental

Degree Receive: Graduate Years Attended: 2006-2010

Vocational: Eusebio Technical School

School Address: San Carlos City, Negros Occidental

Course: Consumer Electronics Servicing NCII

Degree Received: Graduate Years Attended: 2010-2011

Vocational: Computer Literacy Program

School Address: San Carlos City, Negros Occidental

Course: Computer Software Service

Degree Received: Graduate Years Attended: 2010-2011

College: Northern Negros State College of Science and

Technology, Laga-an Campus

School Address: Brgy. Laga-an, Calatrava, Negros Occidental

College Degree: Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (Crop
Sci. Major)

Degree Receive: Graduate Years Attended: 2011-2015

Special Skills: Community service

RAYMOND Y. MACAPAS

Bgry.Ani-e, Calatrava,

Negros Occidental

6126 Philippines

April 3, 2015

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: April 30, 1986

Place of Birth: Brgy. Ani-e, Calatrava, Negros Occidental

Height: 167.64cm Weight:119.46lbs

Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic Civil Status: Single
Sex: Male

Languages and Dialect Spoken: English, Tagalog, Cebuano and

Ilonggo

Father’s Name: Cesar A. Macapas Occupation: Farmers

Mother’s Name: Julita C. Yano Occupation: Deceased

Parents Address: Brgy. Anie, Calatrava, Negros Occidental

II. EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Laga-an Elementary School

School Address: BrgyLaga-an, Calatrava, Negros Occidental

Degree Receive: Graduate Years Attended: 1993-1999

Secondary: Laga-an National High School

School Address: BrgyLaga-an, Calatrava, Negros Occidental

Degree Receive: Graduate Years Attended: 1999-2003

College: Northern Negros State College of Science and

Technology, Laga-an Campus

School Address: Brgy. Laga-an, Calatrava, Negros Occidental

College Degree: Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (Crop

Sci. Major)

Degree Receive: Graduate Years Attended: 2011-2015

Special Skills: Community Service

JOMEL M. SANOPAO
Bgry.Laga-an, Calatrava,
Negros Occidental
6126 Philippines
April 3, 2015

I. PERSONAL INFORMATION:

Date of Birth: April 27, 1993

Place of Birth: Brgy. Laga-an, Calatrava, Negros Occidental

Height: 161.54cm Weight: 114.42lbs.

Nationality: Filipino
Religion: Roman Catholic Civil Status: Single
Sex: Male
Languages and Dialect Spoken: English, Tagalog, Cebuano and
Ilonggo
Father’s Name: Angelito M. Sanopao Occupation: Farmer
Mother’s Name: Melinda M. Sanopao Occupation:
Housekeeper
Parents Address: Brgy. Laga-an, Negros Occidental

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary: Laga-an Elementary School

School Address: BrgyLaga-an, Calatrava, Negros Occidental
Degree Receive: Graduate Years Attended: 2001-2007

Secondary: Laga-an National High School

School Address: BrgyLaga-an, Calatrava, Negros Occidental
Degree Receive: Graduate Years Attended: 2007-2011

Vocational: High Skill Technical Training Center

School Address: Calatrava, Negros Occidental
Course: Auto Diesel Mechanic
Degree Received: Graduate Years Attended: 2010-2011

College: Northern Negros State College of Science and

Technology, Laga-an Campus
School Address: Brgy. Laga-an, Calatrava, Negros Occidental

College Degree: Bachelor of Science in Agriculture (Crop

Sci. Major)
Degree Receive: Graduate Years Attended: 2011-2015