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Assignment 1

The document is an assignment submission for a Modern Algebra course. It contains solutions to 7 questions regarding algebraic structures like groups, subgroups, and isomorphisms. Some key points addressed include determining if sets form groups, finding generators and subgroups of cyclic groups, describing isomorphic abelian groups, and giving examples or explaining non-examples of certain group properties.

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136 views10 pages

Assignment 1

The document is an assignment submission for a Modern Algebra course. It contains solutions to 7 questions regarding algebraic structures like groups, subgroups, and isomorphisms. Some key points addressed include determining if sets form groups, finding generators and subgroups of cyclic groups, describing isomorphic abelian groups, and giving examples or explaining non-examples of certain group properties.

Uploaded by

Dina
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SCHOOL OF MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES

ACADEMIC SESSION II, 2022/2023

MSS 311 – MODERN ALGEBRA

ASSIGNMENT 1
 

SUBMITTED BY:

Group 9

1. AMIN SHAWQI BIN ABDUL RAHIM


2. LEE LER YUNG
3. NUR IDRINA BINTI MD ASRI
4. TING KEE HUA 153019
PREPARE FOR:
DR. AZHANA BINTI AHMAD
(LECTURE MSS 311)
Date of Submission:
2023
Question 1
Determine whether the following statement are true or false. Justify your answers.

a. The set is a group under multiplication modulo 9.


b. The relation on defined by if is an equivalence relation.
c. If and are equivalence relations on a set then is an equivalence
relation on S.
Solution
a. False
The set is not a group under multiplication modulo 9 because but 0 does
not have an inverse. For any , .

b. False
The relation on defined by if is not an equivalence
relation because it is not reflexive. Take and 4 is not congruent to
.

c. True.
Question 2

Let .

a. Show that is a group under the multiplication operation.


b. Determine a subgroup of . Explain why can be subgroup.
c. Determine whether is cyclic.
d. Define a mapping from to so that is isomorphic to .
Solution

a. Define under the multiplication operation.


For any such that and , we have .
Since , thus .
is closed under the multiplication.
For any such that , we have

Thus, is associative.
For any , there exists an identity element, where such that

For every element , there exists an inverse where such that


.
Therefore, is a group.

b. Determine a subgroup of . Explain why can be a subgroup.

Consider as a subgroup of .

Define under multiplication operation.


For any such that and , we have .
Since , thus .
is closed under multiplication.
For any such that , we have
Thus, is associative.
For any , there exists an identity element, where such that
.
For every element , there exists an inverse where such that
.
Therefore, is a group and it is a subgroup of .

c. can be generated by 5 and denoted by . Hence, is cyclic.

d. Consider the mapping given by for under addition


operation.

If , then we have

Thus, is one to one.


For every , there exists such that . .
Then, we have ./
Thus, is onto.
Let . We have .
Then, is isomorphism.
Therefore, we are able to conclude that is isomorphic to
Question 3

Prove or disprove: If is a group and are two subgroups, then .


Question 4
Up to isomorphism, list all abelian groups of order 1350.
Solution

We can express 1350 as product of prime powers .


The abelian groups of order 1350 are as follows:

1.
2.
3.
4.
Thus, there are 4 different abelian groups up to isomorphism of order 1350.
Question 5

Let . Determine orders of elements that exist. Explain how you obtain your
answers.
Solution

The divisors of 4 are 1,2 and .

The order of 0 in is 1.

if and only if .

The order of in is .

if and only if .

The order of in is .

The divisors of 5 is 1 and .

The order of 0 in is 1.

if and only if .

The order of in is .

The order of elements that exists in are as follows:

is of order

is of order

is of order

is of order

is of order

is of order
Question 6

Let be a cyclic group of order 40.

a. Determine all the generators for .


b. Determine all subgroups of , then draw a subgroup lattice diagram of G.
c. Up to isomorphism, describe all finitely generated abelian groups of order 40.
Solution
a. The generators are the numbers that are relatively prime to 40.

If and only if g=1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35,37,39.

Thus, there are 20 generators for .

b. The divisors of 40 are 1,2,4,5,8,10,20.

If and only if g=1,3,5,7,9,11,13,15,17,19,21,23,25,27,29,31,33,35,37,39.

If and only if

If and only if

If and only if

If and only if

If and only if

If and only if
The subgroups of are
Subgroup lattice diagram of :

c. We can express 40 as product of prime power .


The abelian groups of order 40 are as follows:
1.
2.
3.
Thus, there are 3 different abelian groups up to isomorphism of order 40.
Question 7
Give an example of a group with the property described or explain why no example exists for
the following statements.
a. A finite cyclic group having six generators.
b. A cyclic group with no proper subgroup.
c. A non-cyclic group with prime order.
Solution

a. Consider . if and only if .


. Thus, there are 6 generators.
is a cyclic group with 6 generators.

b. Consider .
if and only if .
Since , is a cyclic group.
Since is cyclic and the order of is 3 which is a prime number, then the only
subgroup of is such that is an identity element.
Therefore, has no proper subgroup.

c. No example exists.
Every group of prime order is cyclic.
Consider a group, with prime order, .
Let such that and generate a subgroup, .

Then, we know that or .

Since , so which implies that .

By Lagrange Theorem, .
Therefore, generates and we can conclude that is cyclic.

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