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The Eight Fundamental Identities

This document discusses trigonometric identities and proving identities. It introduces the eight fundamental trigonometric identities which include reciprocal, quotient, and Pythagorean identities. It then provides 4 examples of expressing trigonometric expressions in terms of other trigonometric functions using the fundamental identities. The examples simplify expressions involving sin, cos, tan, csc, sec, and cot functions.

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Julianna Babia
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354 views3 pages

The Eight Fundamental Identities

This document discusses trigonometric identities and proving identities. It introduces the eight fundamental trigonometric identities which include reciprocal, quotient, and Pythagorean identities. It then provides 4 examples of expressing trigonometric expressions in terms of other trigonometric functions using the fundamental identities. The examples simplify expressions involving sin, cos, tan, csc, sec, and cot functions.

Uploaded by

Julianna Babia
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Chapter 4

Trigonometric Identities and Proving


4.1 The Eight Fundamental Identities

Reciprocal Identities:
1 1
1. sin 𝑥 = ↔ csc 𝑥 = ↔ csc 𝑥 sin 𝑥 = 1
csc 𝑥 sin 𝑥
1 1
2. cos 𝑥 = ↔ sec 𝑥 = ↔ sec 𝑥 cos 𝑥 = 1
sec 𝑥 cos 𝑥
1 1
3. tan 𝑥 = ↔ cot 𝑥 = ↔ cot 𝑥 tan 𝑥 = 1
cot 𝑥 tan 𝑥

Quotient Identities:
sin 𝑥
4. tan 𝑥 =
cos 𝑥
cos 𝑥
5. cot 𝑥 =
sin 𝑥

Pythagorean Identities:

6. sin2 𝑥 + cos2 𝑥 = 1 ↔ sin2 𝑥 = 1 − cos 2 𝑥 ↔ cos2 𝑥 = 1 − sin2 𝑥


7. 1 + cot 2 𝑥 = csc 2 𝑥 ↔ 1 = csc 2 𝑥 − cot 2 𝑥 ↔ cot 2 𝑥 = csc 2 𝑥 − 1
8. tan2 𝑥 + 1 = sec 2 𝑥 ↔ 1 = sec 2 𝑥 − tan2 𝑥 ↔ tan2 𝑥 = sec 2 𝑥 − 1

sin2 𝛽+cos2 𝛽
Example 1: Express in terms of cot 𝛽.
tan 𝛽
Solution:
sin 2  + cos2  1
=
tan  tan 
= cot 

sec2 𝜃−4 tan 𝜃+3


Example 2: Express in terms of tan 𝜃.
tan 𝜃−2
Solution:
sec 2  − 4 tan  + 3 (tan 2  + 1) − 4 tan  + 3
=
tan  − 2 tan  − 2
tan  − 4 tan  + 4
2
=
tan  − 2
=
(tan  − 2)(tan  − 2)
tan  − 2
= tan  − 2
Example 3: Express (csc 𝜃 − 1)(csc 𝜃 + 1) tan2 𝜃 in terms of 1.
Solution:
(csc − 1)(csc + 1) tan 2  = (csc2  + csc − csc − 1)tan 2 
( )
= csc2  − 1 tan 2 
= (cot  ) tan
2 2

 1 
=  tan 
2

 tan  
2

=1

sin 𝛽 sec 𝛽
Example 4: Express + in terms of tan 𝛽.
cos 𝛽 csc 𝛽
Solution:
sin  sec  sin   csc  + sec   cos 
+ =
cos  csc  cos csc 
 1   1 
sin    +   cos 
=  sin    cos  
 1 
cos   
 sin  
1+1
=
cos 
sin 
2
=
cos 
sin 
 sin  
= 2 
 cos  
= 2 tan 

Try this:
cos 𝜃−cos3 𝜃
1. Express in terms of sin 𝜃.
sin 𝜃 cos 𝜃
cos2 𝜃
2. Express + sin 𝜃 in terms of csc 𝜃.
sin 𝜃
Activity 4.1
The Eight Trigonometric Identities
Name: Date:
Year & Section: Score:
Solve the following as indicated and show your complete solution.

Simplify the following trigonometric expressions:

cot 𝑥−cot 𝑥 sec2 𝑥


1. in terms of tan 𝑥.
tan 𝑥 cot 𝑥

sin2 𝑥−cos2 𝑥
2. in terms of cot 𝑥.
sin2 𝑥−𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝒙 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝒙

2sin2 𝑥+cos 𝑥−1


3. in terms of cos 𝑥.
cos 𝑥−𝟏

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