The document summarizes the lymphatic system and lymphoid organs. It describes that the lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymphoid tissues, and lymphoid organs that drain lymph fluid towards the heart. The primary lymphoid organs, bone marrow and thymus, produce and mature B and T cells. Secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and skin-associated lymphoid tissue are where antigen activation of mature B and T cells occurs. Lymph nodes filter lymph fluid and generate B memory cells through follicles in the cortex and paracortex.
The document summarizes the lymphatic system and lymphoid organs. It describes that the lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymphoid tissues, and lymphoid organs that drain lymph fluid towards the heart. The primary lymphoid organs, bone marrow and thymus, produce and mature B and T cells. Secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and skin-associated lymphoid tissue are where antigen activation of mature B and T cells occurs. Lymph nodes filter lymph fluid and generate B memory cells through follicles in the cortex and paracortex.
The document summarizes the lymphatic system and lymphoid organs. It describes that the lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymphoid tissues, and lymphoid organs that drain lymph fluid towards the heart. The primary lymphoid organs, bone marrow and thymus, produce and mature B and T cells. Secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and skin-associated lymphoid tissue are where antigen activation of mature B and T cells occurs. Lymph nodes filter lymph fluid and generate B memory cells through follicles in the cortex and paracortex.
The document summarizes the lymphatic system and lymphoid organs. It describes that the lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymphoid tissues, and lymphoid organs that drain lymph fluid towards the heart. The primary lymphoid organs, bone marrow and thymus, produce and mature B and T cells. Secondary lymphoid organs like lymph nodes, spleen, tonsils, and skin-associated lymphoid tissue are where antigen activation of mature B and T cells occurs. Lymph nodes filter lymph fluid and generate B memory cells through follicles in the cortex and paracortex.
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Immunology & serology
THE LYMPHOID SYSTEM
Professor: Ruby Meim
LYMPHATIC SYSTEMS Superficial ones in skin travel with superficial veins
Deep ones of trunk and digestive viscera travel with deep Consists of: arteries o Lymphatic vessels Very low pressure o Lymphoid tissues Distinctive appearance on lymphangiography o Lymphoid organs Drain into lymph nodes One way system to the heart o Lymph fluid moves towards the heart Return of collected excess tissue fluid and leaked protein Lymphoid organs (lymph fluid) Primary Lymphoid Organs – Bone Marrow, Thymus Edema results if system blocked or surgically removed o Production and maturation of B & T cells o Once mature, they leave primary lymphoid organs to go to secondary lymphoid organs Secondary Lymphoid Organs – MALT (mucosa associated lymphoid tissue), CALT (cutaneous associated lymphoid tissue), Tonsils, Appendix o activation, differentiation, clonal expansion o where antigens are encountered by mature B and T cells o Standby area for immunocompetent lymphocytes waiting for antigen encounter
Primary Lymphoid organs
Bone marrow Largest tissue of the body Total weight = 1300-1500g (adult) Main source of hematopoietic tissue Center for Antigen-independent lymphopoeisis o Lymphocytes will not encounter foreign antigen Lymphocyte stem cells from BM travel to other primary lymphoid organs (thymus) where further maturation takes place
From capillaries, tissue fluid will escape in the form of
lymphatic fluid which is collected in the lymphatic collecting vessels. Lymph fluid eventually goes to the lymph nodes where it is filtered, proceeding to lymph ducts then the heart
Lymph capillaries Have one way minivalves allowing excess fluid to enter but not leave Picks up bacteria and viruses as well as proteins, electrolytes and fluid o (lymph nodes destroy most pathogens) T cell – 69-81% in peripheral blood Absent from bone, bone marrow, teeth, CNS B cell – 20% Enter lymphatic collecting vessels NK cell – 22%
Lymphatic collecting vessels thymus
Similar to blood vessels (3 layers), but thin & delicate Where T cells develop their identity Where thymocytes encounter surface antigens, then Central collecting points for lymph fluid from adjacent become mature tissues Small, flat, bilobed organ found in the thorax, right below Main function of this organ: Filtration and generation of B the thyroid gland and overlying the heart memory cells: About 30 g at birth, 35 g at puberty, gradually atrophies w/ sinuses: macrophages Cortex: where surface antigens (self antigens) are acquired Cortex: macrophages, B cells Medulla: where T lymphocytes are released o Primary follicle: resting B cells (not activated by o When T cells mature, they move to the Thymic antigen) Medulla o Secondary follicle/germinal center: Antigen stimulated B-cells (Plasma cell) Secondary Lymphoid organs Paracortex: T cells, interdigitating cells (dendritic cells) Spleen, lymph node, tonsils, appendix, peyer’s patches, Medulla: T cells, B cells, Macrophages, plasma cells MALTs Where reproduction of lymphocytes occur (Antigen Other secondary organs dependent) T and B cells are segregated and perform specialized Naïve or resting lymphocytes die within a few days after function leaving the primary lymphoid organs unless activated by MALT: GIT, Respiratory, Urogenitals, Macrophages and foreign Ag lymphocytes Peyer’s patches: specialized MALT spleen o Aggregated lymphoid nodules Largest secondary lymphoid organ o Ileum 12 cm length, 150 g weight (adult) Tonsils: pathogens entering the respiratory and alimentary Upper-left quadrant of the abdomen tracts Large discriminating filter Appendix: filters antigens to promote the activation of T Pitting and culling and B cells o Pitting – plucking out inclusion bodies CALT: epidermis plus lymphocytes o Culling – Killing of senescent or damaged RBCs Splenic tissue can be divided: o Red pulp - destroys old RBCs o White pulp - contains the lymphoid tissue PALS (Perioarteriolar lymphoid sheath) – T cells Primary follicles – B cells Marginal zones – dendritic cells Dendritic cells are antigen presenting cells (APCs)
