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Nature of Data

This document defines and provides examples of different types of qualitative and quantitative data that can be analyzed and visualized. It discusses nominal and ordinal qualitative data, as well as discrete and continuous quantitative data. Examples are given for each type of data, such as gender for nominal, course grades for ordinal, number of books for discrete, and temperature for continuous. The document also introduces several common data visualization types like bar charts, histograms, scatter plots, heat maps and choropleth maps.

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anjana
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22 views29 pages

Nature of Data

This document defines and provides examples of different types of qualitative and quantitative data that can be analyzed and visualized. It discusses nominal and ordinal qualitative data, as well as discrete and continuous quantitative data. Examples are given for each type of data, such as gender for nominal, course grades for ordinal, number of books for discrete, and temperature for continuous. The document also introduces several common data visualization types like bar charts, histograms, scatter plots, heat maps and choropleth maps.

Uploaded by

anjana
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Nature of data and data viz

catalogue

Anjana Salian
MD22MDES11001
QUALITATIVE DATA: NOMINAL
Nominal data is a type of categorical data that consists of values or observations that can be placed into unordered
categories or groups, where each category has a distinct name or label. Nominal data cannot be ranked or ordered,
and mathematical operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, or division cannot be performed on it.

Examples of nominal data include:

1. Gender: Male or Female


2. Eye color: Brown, Blue, Green, etc.
3. Type of car: Sedan, SUV, Pickup, etc.
4. Religion: Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, etc.
5. Hair color: Black, Brown, Blonde, Red, etc.
6. Favorite color: Red, Blue, Green, etc.
7. Country of origin: United States, Canada, Mexico, etc.
8. Animal type: Mammal, Reptile, Bird, etc.
9. Blood type: A, B, AB, O.
10. Nationality (Kenyan, British, Chinese, etc.)
11. Relationship status (married, cohabiting, single, etc.)
12. Preferred mode of public transportation (bus, train, tram,
etc.)
13. Political parties voted for (party X, party Y, party Z, etc.)
14. Attachment style according to attachment theory
(secure,anxious-preoccupied, dismissive-avoidant,
fearful-avoidant)
15. Personality type (introvert, extrovert, ambivert, for example)
16. Employment status (employed, unemployed, retired, etc.)
QUALITATIVE DATA: ORDINAL
Ordinal data is a type of categorical data where the values have a natural order or ranking. In other words, ordinal data is
data that can be placed in a meaningful order, but the differences between the values are not necessarily equal or
measurable.

1. Income level in non-equally distributed ranges ($10K-$20K, $20K-$35K, $35K-$100K)


2. Course grades (A+, A-, B+, B-, C)
3. Education level (Elementary, High School, College, Graduate, Post-graduate)
4. Likert scales (Very satisfied, satisfied, neutral, dissatisfied, very dissatisfied)
5. Military ranks (Colonel, Brigadier General, Major General, Lieutenant General)
6. Age (child, teenager, young adult, middle-aged, retiree)
7. Height or length of an object, person, or animal.
8. Weight of an object, person, or animal.
9. Temperature, such as the temperature of a room or the weather outside.
10. Time, such as the duration of an event or the time of day.
11. Distance, such as the distance between two cities or the length of a marathon.
12. Volume, such as the volume of a liquid or the size of a container.
13. Age, such as the age of a person or the age of a tree.
14. Income, such as annual salary or hourly wage.
15. Speed, such as the speed of a vehicle or the speed of sound.
16. Electrical conductivity, such as the conductivity of a metal or a solution.
Preference of breakfast
dishes
QUANTITATIVE DATA: DISCRETE
Quantitative discrete data is a type of numerical data that consists of whole numbers or counts that are typically obtained by
counting. This type of data has a finite and specific set of values, and the values cannot be broken down into smaller units.

Examples of quantitative discrete data include :

1. Number of goals scored in a soccer match


2. Number of coins in a jar
3. Number of items in a grocery cart
4. Number of people in a household
5. Number of books on a bookshelf
6. Number of bedrooms in a house
7. Number of trees in a forest
8. Number of defects in a batch of products
9. Number of passengers on a flight
10. Number of customers in a store during a given time period
Faith in the World
QUANTITATIVE DATA: CONTINUOUS

Quantitative data that is continuous refers to numerical data that can take on any value within a specific range or interval.
Continuous data is typically measured on a continuous scale, such as a scale that includes decimals or fractions.

Examples of quantitative data that is continuous include:

1. Temperature, such as the temperature in degrees Celsius or Fahrenheit.


2. Time, such as the duration of an event or the time of day.
3. Height, such as the height of a person or an object.
4. Weight, such as the weight of a person or an object.
5. Distance, such as the distance between two points.
6. Speed, such as the speed of a vehicle or an object.
7. Volume, such as the volume of a liquid or a container.
8. Age, such as the age of a person or an object.
9. Income, such as annual salary or hourly wage.
10. Blood pressure, such as systolic and diastolic readings.
Screen time of game of thrones characters on the show
Levels of water supply
coverage
BAR CHART
HISTOGRAM
STACKED BAR CHART
LINE GRAPH
SCATTER PLOT
BUBBLE CHART
BUBBLE MAP
HEAT MAP
CHOROPLETH MAP

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