A STUDY ON DATA VISUALIZATION OF CRICKET DATA USING

TABLEAU
Internship Project Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of the Degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

of
BANGALORE UNIVERSITY

By
Name: DHIRDE SAUJANYA KISHOR

Reg. No.: P03HB21M0074

Under the guidance of

Name of Guide: Prof. S GANESH

Designation of Guide: Assistant Professor

NSB ACADEMY, BANGALORE

Bangalore University
2022–2023

i
A STUDY ON DATA VISUALIZATION OF CRICKET DATA USING
TABLEAU
Internship Project Report submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of the Degree of

MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

of
BANGALORE UNIVERSITY

By
Name: DHIRDE SAUJANYA KISHOR

Reg. No.: P03HB21M0074

Under the guidance of

Name of Guide: Prof. S GANESH

Designation of Guide: Assistant Professor

NSB ACADEMY, BANGALORE

Bangalore University
2022–2023

ii
 DECLARATION BY THE STUDENT

I, Mr. Dhirde Saujanya Kishor hereby declare that “A STUDY ON DATA VISUALIZATION
OF CRICKET DATA USING TABLEAU” is the result of the project work carried out by me
under the guidance of Prof. S Ganesh in partial fulfilment for the award of Master’s Degree
in Business Administration by Bangalore University.

I also declare that this project is the outcome of my own efforts and that it has not been
submitted to any other university or Institute for the award of any other degree or Diploma or
Certificate.

Signature of the Student: Dhirde Saujanya Kishor

Place: Bangalore Name: Dhirde Saujanya Kishor

Date: Register Number: P03HB21M0074

iii
 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

Date:

This is to certify that the Internship Project titled “A STUDY ON DATA VISUALIZATION
OF CRICKET DATA USING TABLEAU” is an original work of Mr. Dhirde Saujanya
Kishor; bearing University Register Number P03HB21M0074 and is being submitted in
partial fulfilment for the award of the Master’s Degree in Business Administration (MBA) of
Bangalore University.

The report has not been submitted earlier either to this University /Institution for the
fulfilment of the requirement of a course of study or any other Degree.

SIGNATURE OF GUIDE SIGNATURE OF DIRECTOR

Prof S Ganesh Dr.Srinidhi K. Parthasarthi

DATE: DATE:

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I sincerely express my profound gratitude to HOD/Director/Chairman___ Name___

Designation _Institution/Department/University name for extending greater support and
assistance to complete internship project.

I convey my sincere gratitude to Prof S Ganesh Assistant Professor (Designation) of NSB

Academy, Bangalore as my instructor for his timely guidance and continued inspiration and
encouragement for accomplishing qualitative internship project.

Signature of the Student:

Place: Bangalore Name: Dhirde Saujanya Kishor

Date: Register Number: P03HB21M0074

v
 Table of contents

CHAPTER PARTICULARS PAGE NO.

NO.

Executive Summary 1

01 Introduction
1.1 Detailed Theoretical background of the study 3
1.2 Industry Profile/Survey /Industry back ground of the 18
study

02 Institutional Profile2
2.1 History of ICC 22
2.2 Vision and Mission 22
2.3 Rules and Regulations 24
2.4 Ranking 25
2.5 Tournaments 26
2.6 Awards 26
2.7 Anti – corruption and Security 27
2.8 SWOT Analysis of ICC 28

03 Research Design and Methodology

Research design
3.1 Objective of Study 33

3.2 Need of the study 33

3.3 Scope of the study 33

3.4 Review of literature 33

3.5 Operational Definitions (Concept) of the Study 34

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 Research Methodology
3.6 Research Methodology 36
3.7 Visualization Design 37

04 Chart Analysis and Interpretations

4.1 Ground and Wicket 47
4.2 Runs and Ground 50
4.3 Strike Rate and Oppositon 53

05 Summary of Findings, Conclusions and

Recommendations
57
5.1 Summary of Findings
57
5.2 Suggestions & Recommendations
57
5.3 Conclusions
57
5.4 Management Lessons learned
58

Bibliography 59

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 List of Figures/ Graphs

Graphs/ Figure No. Description Page No.

1.1 Line Graphs 6

1.2 Pie chart 7

1.3 Histogram 8

1.4 Combo chart 9

1.5 Tableau Architecture 13

3.1 Data Source 36

3.2 Tableau home page 37

3.3 Tableau empty sheet 38

3.4 Players 39

3.5 Batsman 40

3.6 Bowler 41

3.7 Tableau Initial Dashboard 42

3.8 Tableau Dashboard for allrounder 43

3.9 Tableau Dashboard for batsman 44

3.10 Tableau Dashboard for bowler 44

4.1 Ground and Wicket(AY Karim) 47

4.2 Ground and Wicket(A Kumbale) 48

4.3 Tableau Highlighter View 49

4.4 Runs and Ground(S Ramesh) 50

4.5 Runs and Ground (Yuvraj Singh) 52

4.6 Strike Rate and Opposition(S Ramesh) 53

4.7 Strike Rate and Opposition (A Ranatunga) 55

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 List of Data Sources

SI. No Sources Page No.

4.1 data.world(Christopher Clayford) 36

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 Executive Summary

The goal of the study on cricket data visualisation was to explore and examine different
cricket statistics in order to get knowledge about individual and team performance. Data from
numerous cricket matches and competitions was used in the project, and interactive
dashboards made with Tableau software were used to visualise the data.

The data used was secondary data collected from data.world site. The data was having data of
over 1100 players. The data was exclusively for ODI men’s. the data is having 28 features
explaining characteristics of both bowlers and batsmen.

Tableau was used to generate various chart showing the statistics of batsman as well as
bowler in individual sheets and then all the sheets were combined to make an interactive
dashboard.

The main focus of this project was to explore on which ground the player was performing
best. The player would be batsmen or bowler, the key characteristics were identified using
average matrix. Also we found against which country the batsman played with the best
possible strike rate.

After finding all this out we can comment on the climatic condition of the geographical
location the ground and we can say that such pitch helped the player to perform well.

We concluded the project with findings, suggestions, conclusion and managerial lessons
learned .

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 Chapter 1

Introduction

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1.1 Detailed theoretical background of study

Two international teams engage in a restricted overs cricket match known as a One Day
International (ODI). Each team faces a specific number of overs during the game, which can
take up to nine hours. At the moment, that number is 50. The Cricket World Cup, which
normally takes place every four years, is played using this format. Twenty20 International
competitions can sometimes be referred to as Limited Overs Internationals (LOI), another
moniker for One Day International competitions. They are significant matches that stand as
the apex of List A, limited-overs play. In the latter half of the 20th century, the international
one-day match was developed. At the Melbourne Cricket Ground on January 5, 1971,
Australia and England played in the first ODI.. After the first three days of play were
postponed, officials made the decision to cancel the third Test. Instead, a one-day game was
played with 40 eight-ball overs for each team. By a margin of five wickets, Australia beat
England. ODI matches were conducted using a red ball and white clothing.(“One Day
International,” 2023).

A bat and ball are used to play the team sport of cricket. The three main game formats are
Test cricket, ODI cricket, and Twenty20 cricket. Experts consider the longest format of the
game, test cricket, to be the strictest test of skill. The longest form of cricket, T20, is played
over 120 legal deliveries (balls) each side, whereas an ODI game lasts for 300 legal deliveries
(balls) per side. There are 11 players on a standard cricket team, and the team that wins the
coin toss will get to bat first. Cricket's three primary phases are batting, bowling, and fielding.
By choosing one player from each of the aforementioned three positions, a squad of 11
players will be balanced. A batsman has a stronger ability to hit the cricket ball than a bowler
has, who is referred to as having greater bowling capability. A regular performer with both
the ball and the bat is known as an all-rounder. An all-rounder is a player that can play for his
side in both the bowling and batting positions, according to Bailey (1989). Despite the fact
that batting and bowling are equally crucial to the game, fielding skills are prioritised above
both. An great all-rounder who can also bowl and bat is considered to be an all-rounder. Most
importantly, this athlete has excellent bowling and hitting skills. In the sport of cricket, the
majority of all-rounders concentrate on either their bowling or batting abilities.; they are
therefore known as batting all-rounders or bowling all-rounders. A team needs players who
can do it all if they are to succeed. Cricket selection panels, coaches, and players benefit
when all-rounders are divided into batting, bowling, and real categories.

3
In England, standard limited overs cricket was first played in the 1963 season as a knockout
cup amongst the first-class county clubs. An over consists of six bat-and-ball rounds. A
national league competition was founded in 1969. The other main cricketing nations were
progressively exposed to the idea, and the first restricted overs international game was played
in 1971. England hosted the inaugural Cricket World Cup in

1975. A "one day match," so termed because each match is meant to be finished in a single
day, is the most well-known variation of limited overs cricket played on an international
level. When games are halted or postponed because of bad weather during practise, they may
resume the following day. In a restricted overs game, a traditional draw is not possible
because the main objective is to produce a clear winner; however, games can proceed to extra
innings if the scores are tied or if bad weather prevents play. Only one inning of play and a
maximum of 50 overs (300 deliveries) are allowed for each team per game..(Kaluarachchi &
Aparna, 2010).

Data visualisation is a technique for data literacy: "Data visualisation is the graphic display of
information and data. By utilising visual elements like charts, graphs, and maps, data
visualisation tools provide a strategy that is simple to evaluate and comprehend trends,
outliers, and patterns in data.”(What Is Data Visualization? Definition & Examples | Tableau,
n.d.). Why use Tableau when learning a new data literacy tool has opportunity costs? Because
Tableau is a general-purpose data visualisation tool that is more popular than GIS, FRED,
Infographics, or Excel in the data analytics industry. 2In contrast to GIS, which focuses on
thematic geographic mapping(ESRI2012), FRED (Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
[FRBSL]2019) in plotting time series data, All of these tools are also accessible in Tableau,
including Excel's ability to clean data and Infographics' ability to draw attention to a
particular statistic. Tableau may be used to create infographics, time series plots, themed
maps, and data manipulation similar to Excel and GIS (like Infographics). The comparative
benefit of Tableau, however, lies in its ability to combine numerous sizable data sets into
charts and interactive dash-boards that allow the user to drill down and find patterns in the
data. Tableau also features a drag-and-drop interface that is simple to use. Data visualisation
is a skill that businesses are looking for in undergraduate applicants in the field of data
analytics..(Learning Tableau, n.d.). The given study is done to understand the various
characteristics of players played ODI during the 20th century using tableau. We will be
focusing to understand the overall performance of batsman, bowler, and allrounders against
teams and according to the playing location.
4
Data visualization

Particularly in large data analyses, data visualisation is an intuitive way for users to quickly
analyse and comprehend data. By providing an integrated view and evidence for making
decisions, it aids in improving the quality of policies or services. Through a straightforward
drag and drop interface, Tableau connects users to a variety of data sources and allows them
to create data visualisations by creating charts, maps, dashboards, and stories..(Srungaram,
2021). Sports have a long history of gathering and reporting data. The outcomes of the
Ancient Olympic Games were documented by spectators in the seventh century BCE. The
baseball scorecard, invented by Henry Chadwick in the 1870s to record statistics about
baseball games more than merely team runs scored, is still in use today (with a few minor
modifications) (Dickson, 2009). There is a lot of proof that accurate sports data analysis can
improve team performances and have a significant positive economic impact. Data is used by
scouts to identify talented players, by coaches to enhance player performance, and by
analysts to gain every competitive advantage possible..(Perin et al., 2018).

When it comes to data visualization, there are 32 types out of which charts like bar-graph,
line-graphs, pie-chart, histogram etc are mainly used. Each of this chart is having its own use
we cannot use same chart for different variables. The first documented data visual was dated
around 1160 B.C. with Turin Papyrus Map which accurately illustrates the distribution of
geological resources and provides information about quarrying of those resources. William
Playfair is the pioneer of data visualization. Following figure is an example of line graph. In
the line graph we connect data points by line so we can identify the trend of data. We plot the
line on two axes. One is X in which one feature of the data is presented and on the second
axis another feature is denoted. The points are plotted according to the coordinates of the
input data.

5
 Fig 1.1- Line Graphs

Another data visualization is pie chart. One sort of graph that illustrates the information in the
circular graph is a pie chart. It is a sort of graphical representation of data where the slices of
pie depict the relative sizes of the data. A list of numerical and categorical variables is
necessary for a pie chart. In this case, "pie" refers to the entire thing, and "slices" refers to its
component components.

In order to make the numerical difficulties more understandable, the "pie chart," also known
as a "circle chart," separates the circular statistical visual into sectors or sections. Each sector
indicates a portion of the whole in a proportionate manner. The Pie-chart is now the best tool
for figuring out how something is made up. Pie charts frequently serve as substitutes for other
types of graphs, including bar graphs, line plots, histograms, etc. The pie chart is a
fundamental type of data representation. A pie chart is made up of several sectors and
segments, and each sector and segment represents a different percentage of the total. The sum
of all the data is 360 degrees. The total value of the pie is always one hundred percent.

6
 Fig 1.2- pie chart

The term "histogram" refers to the third-most popular visualisation chart. In statistics, a
histogram is a graphic representation of data distribution. Each bar in the histogram
represents a different type of data, and the histogram is displayed as a group of adjacent
rectangles. Statistics is a subject of mathematics that is used in many different fields. The
repetition of numbers in statistical data is known as frequency, which can be represented as a
table and is referred to as a frequency distribution. One type of graph that can be used to
illustrate a frequency distribution visually is a histogram.

7
 Fig 1.3 - Histogram

A histogram is a visual representation of a frequency distribution with grouped continuous

classes. The area diagram consists of a set of rectangles with bases equal to the separations
between class boundaries and areas proportional to frequencies in the corresponding classes.
Every rectangle in such representations has a neighbour because the base in these
representations spans the spaces between class boundaries. Inverse correlations exist between
rectangle heights and comparable frequencies for classes that are similar as well as between
rectangle heights and frequency densities for other classes.

In other words, a histogram is a graphic that has rectangles with sizes proportional to the
frequency of a variable and widths equal to the class interval.

Combo charts are also used to combine the data from two distinct charts that pertain to the
same data into a single representation. The combo chart combines two graphs into one to
make it easier to read and more aesthetically pleasing. It can be used to display two related
datasets from separate sources on the same chart. Two axes, an X axis and a Y axis, are often
present in a chart, with the X axis denoting categories and the Y axis denoting series data.
The same set of categories or X-axis.

8
 Fig 1.4– combo chart

 Combination charts are a unique kind of charts that require some thought.
 The creation of a single graph that combines two or more charts is both time and
space efficient. But it could also perplex the user due to the complexity that is brought
about by the combination.
 The combination chart allows for the plotting of two separate series values over the
same categories because it allows for the comparison of two entirely different values
for the same categories in a single graph.

Various graphs and charts are used to visualise the data. The first three charts are the most
popular since they are straightforward to use and comprehend. For data visualisation, there
are several tools available.

The visualisation of data is possible with the use of tools. These instruments can be broadly
divided into two groups. one that requires some level of programming, such as R and Python.
R and Python give users flexibility and a variety of chart options. There are packages
available for this software that can be used for all the different types of visualisations.
Programming is required in order to access and use these libraries.

A visualisation tool that doesn't require programming experience is another kind. Tools like
Tableau and PowerBI fall within this category. This software's drag-and-drop functionality
makes it user-friendly. This software's sheets are designed as pivot tables, which facilitates

9
simple data visualisation. This type's drawback is the lack of available options for data
visualisation.

Tableau

Tableau is a platform for data analysis and visualisation that easily connects to a variety of
data sources. The ability to create interactive dashboards using Tableau is a significant
benefit. These dashboards may be made using a visual, easy drag and drop interface without
much coding experience. Tableau's capacity to transform data into smart visual dashboards
has made it immensely popular among businesses. To continuously integrate Tableau
analytics with fundamental business operations, Tableau makes use of application integration
advancements like JavaScript APIs and single sign-on apps. To present data and highlight
insights interactively, Tableau can produce a wide variety of visualisations. It includes tools
that make it possible to drill down into the data and view the effects in a way that everyone
can understand visually. Additionally, Tableau offers cloud support and real-time data
analytics capabilities. Here, we go over the features, advantages, and application of the
different versions of Tableau. We'll examine how tableau differs from spreadsheet
programmes like Microsoft Excel and others. The most reliable, secure, and adaptable end-to-
end analytical platform for our information comes from Tableau. Additionally, it increases
people's data power. The only business intelligence platform that transforms information into
an insight that motivates action and is scalable for businesses is Tableau. Tableau can easily
handle data with millions of rows. The vast volume of data allows for the creation of various
visualisations without affecting the performance of the dashboards. Additionally, Tableau has
a feature that allows users to simultaneously connect to two separate data sources, such as
SQL, for example. There are several visualisation choices in Tableau that drastically worsen
the user experience. Last but not least, anyone may easily learn Tableau without any prior
programming experience.(Akhtar et al., 2020)

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Versions of tableau

No matter what your needs are, Tableau makes it simple to communicate data. Any
organisation may share visualisations made in Tableau Desktop with others thanks to the
simple-to-use cloud-based BI application Tableau Online. Through a comparable interface,
Tableau Server makes it possible to share data, but it is deployed on our own network servers
and overseen by you. All visualisations on Tableau Server and Tableau Online are completely
interactive and can be included into any website, as would be expected. The Tableau engine
can also link to real-time data for up-to-date visualisations or stored data for a variety of
faster visualisations. The many types of Tableau versions are covered in this section.

Tableau Public

This is a visualisation tool that is included in the free Tableau programme. It is a cost-
effective version that is excellent for those who wish to study and teach others about their
data. The files cannot be saved in the system since they are published on Tableau Public.
Because Tableau Public is not protected, anybody may access and download the data.

Tableau Desktop

Tableau Desktop and Tableau Public are comparable, except Tableau Desktop allows you to
load the worksheet onto our platform. It has a two-week trial period and is a licenced version.
By directly linking to data from your data warehouse, we can take advantage of real-time data
analytics. We can quickly import data from many sources into Tableau's data engine and
combine it by merging different views into an interactive display. Files created by Tableau
desktop have the twb and twbx extensions. Server & online may be used by Tableau desktop
users as a high-performance data store.

Tableau Server

Users using Tableau Server may access the dashboards on the server without needing to
install anything on their computers. Tableau Online is a cloud-based version of Tableau
Server that is hosted by Tableau. Because Tableau Online is a completely hosted solution,
businesses don't need to invest in hardware configuration, scalability, or maintenance. The
dashboards are protected well by Tableau Server. The dashboards may be downloaded and
edited using the Tableau Server web-edit function. Users may publish and distribute their data
sources as live connections or extracts using Tableau Server. Tableau Server is a highly
secure platform for data visualisation. It makes use of quick databases via live connections.

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Tableau Reader

A free desktop programme called Tableau Reader allows users to examine and interact with
Tableau visualisations. Dashboards stored as twbx can be seen by users. This implies that
while we can filter and drill down into the data, we are unable to interact with it or make any
modifications.

Tableau online

This is the Tableau server hosted version. To make the software accessible to everyone, it is
frequently powered by cloud computing. This makes accessing corporate analytics while on
the road quicker and simpler. It is a sharing tool that is kept outside the system firewall,
housed in Sass (Software as a Service) cloud version, and allows live data connections to
Amazon Redshift, Google BigQuery, and other cloud platforms as well as SQL-based sources
that are hosted on cloud platforms.

Tableau Online is a completely hosted solution that is extremely secure for data visualisation
and spares businesses the expense of deploying hardware, scaling, or maintenance.

Tableau Architecture

The multiple data levels depicted in Figure 1 may be connected by Tableau Server thanks to
its architecture. Clients from desktop, mobile, and web devices can connect with it. A
powerful tool for data visualisation is Tableau desktop. It is really secure and available. Both
real and virtual machines are capable of running it. It is a system with several users,
processes, and threads. It may make data analytics simple and facilitate a number of
activities, such as database access, project collaboration, report generation, and so on. The
fact that Tableau can connect to several sources simultaneously is its strongest feature. To
provide you with reliable results, it combines the data it gets from those sources.

Tableau Data Server Process

The data sources that Tableau Architecture may link to are its main component. It carries out
several related crucial responsibilities, including storing data in the repository, protecting user
data, and many others. Multiple data sources can be connected to by Tableau.

These data sources may be situated locally or remotely. It may simultaneously connect to a
web application, an excel file, and a database. Tableau is capable of integrating data from
several settings. All of them may be used simultaneously by Tableau. With our rapid in-
memory data engine, Tableau offers straightforward solutions to updating your data for speed

12
and responsiveness. It has the ability to combine data from many data sources. Additionally,
it can improve the link between different types of data sources.

Fig 1.5. Tableau Architecture

Tableau Data Connector Process

The data connectors offer a means of integrating Tableau Data Server with external data
sources. The ODBC/SQL connector for Tableau is built-in. Without utilising the native
connector for each database, this ODBC connector may connect to any database. Tableau
offers the choice of current data or data that has been extracted. There are several database
connections available in Tableau, including ones for Microsoft Excel, SQL Server, Oracle,
Teradata, Vertica, Cloudera Hadoop, and a great deal more. You have two choices for where
to store this transferred data from Tableau. First off, real-time data is transferred using this
approach, which also uses data that is obtained directly from an external source. For data
transfer, Tableau transmits SQL statements and multi-dimensional expressions. The
alternative two Using this strategy, we may obtain data from a specific source in addition to

13
depending on a current data source. You may make a local copy of the data as an extract file
using Tableau.

Millions of records can be extracted by Tableau's data extraction tool from a data source. The
user-friendly interface makes sure that data extraction isn't too challenging for you.

Tableau Application Server Process

The authentications and authorizations are offered by the application server. It takes care of
online and mobile interface permissions and management. By logging each session id on the
Tableau server, it ensures security. The server's default session timeout can be set by the
administrator. The REST API and web application calls are handled by the application server.
Searching and browsing are also supported by the application server. Configure instances on
each node in the Tableau server cluster to provide high availability of the application server.
Additionally, it manages VizQL server-related tasks that are unrelated to data visualisation.

Tableau VizQL Server Process

The data source's queries are transformed into visualisations using the VizQL server. After the
VizQL process receives the client request, it sends the query straight to the data source and
gets the information as pictures. The user is shown this visualisation or picture. To speed up
loading, Tableau server stores visualisations in a cache. Many people that have the right to
view the visualisation can share the cache. Configure a single instance of the VizQL server
process to execute on many nodes to achieve high availability.

Tableau Gateway Process

A gateway is a type of web server that facilitates HTTP or https communications between
clients and the server. Requests from users are sent through the gateway to Tableau
components. When a client submits a request, the external load balancer receives it and
processes it. The gateway acts as a conduit for procedures to other parts. Gateway also serves
as a load balancer when an external load balancer is not present. One primary server or
gateway controls all operations in a single server architecture. One physical system serves as
the principal server in systems with several servers, while others are employed as worker
servers. A part of the Apache web server, httpd.exe, is used by the Tableau server gateway
process. Its job is to manage all

client requests sent to the server by means of proxy servers, load balancers, mobile devices,
desktops from Tableau, etc. If the system lacks a load balancer, the gateway can also serve in
that capacity. A part of the Apache web server, httpd.exe, is used by the Tableau server

14
gateway process. Its job is to manage all client requests sent to the server by means of proxy
servers, load balancers, mobile devices, desktops from Tableau, etc. If the system lacks a load
balancer, the gateway can also serve in that capacity.

Tableau Data Engine Process

For greater effectiveness, the data engine speeds up analytical procedures. It produces
refreshes or runs extract queries.

If you employ data sources with many connections, it can also aid with cross-database joins.
Data engine technology designed to handle analytical queries on big or complicated data sets
quickly. When producing, updating, or querying extracts, the data engine is utilised. In order
to handle federated data sources with several connections, it is also utilised for cross-database
joins. The data engine is built to take full use of the machine's CPU and RAM to deliver the
quickest reaction times.

Tableau Backgrounder Process

Backgrounder is a crucial multi-process that handles information refresh schedules and

makes sure the Tableau server and data engine are running correctly. Server tasks including
extract refreshes, subscriptions, flow runs, and data-driven alerts are all carried out by the
backgrounder process. Jobs can be launched manually or automatically by using the 'Run
Now', REST API, or tabcmd commands. It also aids in synchronising directory groups,
checking for available disc space, and rebuilding search indexes.

Tableau Repository Process

Tableau Server's repositories keep track of server metadata pertaining to users, permissions,
assignments, groups, and projects, as well as data sources, extract metadata, and refreshed
data. It also keeps flat files of visualisations (TWS, TDS) and performance information for
audits in addition to the metadata. When a server service or component requests metadata, the
repository supplies it. Additionally, flat files are used to hold the visualisations. For upcoming
audits, performance information can also be stored. To provide data to the application server
for login verification, it collaborates with the active directory.

Tableau Search and License Process

As its name implies, the licence component handles the server's licencing requirements. On
the other side, you may search the repository's index for our needs using the search area.
These elements can appear straightforward, yet they are crucial to the server's smooth
operation. The primary server of the Tableau server cluster hosts both of these services.
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Tableau Server File Store Process

The extract storage is managed by the Tableau server file store process. Unless the node
already has a data engine instance, when the file store is deployed, a data engine instance is
also installed. File stores, however, may be used both locally and outside of the Tableau
server. The file store makes sure that extracts are synchronised to other file store nodes in
highly available situations so they are still available if one file store node fails to function.

Tableau Server Administration Controller Process

The TSM REST API is hosted by the Administration Controller process and allows you to
configure and manage your Tableau server setup. In the whole cluster, there can only be one
instance of the administrative controller.

Tableau Clients

The clients are the final users of Tableau who access it through the web, mobile devices, on-
premises, in the cloud, or through a command-line interface for development. When these
end users access workbooks or visualisations, they mostly communicate with the Tableau
server. Through the dashboards of Tableau online, you may change the contents of your
visualisation using web browsers like Safari, Google Chrome, and Mozilla Firefox. Using the
data you obtained from sources, Tableau desktop assists you in constructing the dashboard,
workbooks, and visualisations. Additionally, we are uploading the outcomes to the server for
later use. Additionally, you may use this tool to build your dashboards in accordance with
tablets, phones, and PCs.

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Sports Analytics

Sports analytics is a science of visualising sports data and various features of the sport
through figures. The above graphs along with other charts are used to present the information
of the data. Sports visualization offers new approaches to exploring, making sense of, and
communicating sports data. As visualizations can be more accessible and more meaningful
than traditional statistical analysis (Why Soccer’s Most Popular Advanced Stat Kind Of
Sucks, 2015), Over the past few decades, there have been a lot more sports data
visualisations. Infographics and interactive visualisations are used by print and online media
outlets, such as The New York Times, to present sports data. For their use of visualisations in
their analyses of sporting events, athletes, and economics, specialised blogs like
FiveThirtyEight have become incredibly well-liked. Sports betting websites and television
broadcasts are increasingly using statistics and graphics to assess and forecast sporting
events.

Sports analytics and data visualisation have given managers, players, and player selectors a
better platform to improve performance on the field. The second component of the
framework, decision makers and analysis, describes the process of using statistical tools and
algorithms to data to acquire insight into what is likely to occur in the future. Numerous
sports, including cricket, basketball, and soccer, use sports analytics. All ball movements,
player strike rates, run rates, and other statistics are recorded using specialised camera
systems and other recording devices. This data is subjected to a variety of statistical tools,
algorithms, and visualisation approaches in order to provide a deeper understanding and
enable player or team recommendations.(Kanungo & Bomatpalli, 2019).

With the help of sports visualization, we can understand trends and characteristics of each
and every player. We can analyse players according to specific characteristics of players
which help us to find what are the key parameters to gauge players performance

17
1.2 Industry profile

The popular sport of cricket was invented in England in the 16th century and has since spread
throughout the world, especially in countries where the British Empire once had colonies.
Currently, one of the most well-liked sports in the world is cricket, which is played both
competitively and recreationally. In this industry profile, the cricket industry will be in-depth
investigated, covering its history, current situation, and future potential.

History

Cricket was first played in the 16th century by shepherds in the pastures of southeast
England. The cricket rules that are in use today were developed by the Marylebone Cricket
Club (MCC), which was established in London in the 18th century.

Cricket gained popularity among the people of the British Empire's colonies, such as those in
India, Pakistan, Australia, and the West Indies. The International Cricket Council (ICC) was
founded in 1989, and the Imperial Cricket Conference was founded in 1909. As the
organisation that regulates the game, the ICC is currently in charge of organising and
managing international cricket matches and competitions.

Current Status
Cricket is currently one of the most well-liked sports in the world, with more than 1 billion
fans globally. The most renowned amateur and professional competitions in cricket are
international matches. The cricket industry has a wide range of participants, including
players, teams, broadcasters, sponsors, and spectators. The Indian Premier League (IPL), one
of the most well-known cricket tournaments, attracts top players from all over the world and
generates significant revenue through sponsorships and broadcast rights. By introducing
innovative formats like the Twenty20 (T20) format and providing new players with a stage to
showcase their talent, the league has changed the game.

The rise of women's cricket in the sport has been aided by the recent success of the ICC
Women's Cricket World Cup. Female cricket players now have the opportunity to compete at
the highest level and gain renown in addition to the IPL and the Women's T20 Challenge.

Cricket has greatly helped the economies of countries like India, Australia, and England in
recent years. Sales of merchandise, TV rights, and tickets are all important revenue sources
for the sport. In addition to being a well-liked sport, cricket has had a profound cultural
18
influence on India.The rise of women's cricket in the sport has been aided by the recent
success of the ICC Women's Cricket World Cup. Female cricket players now have the
opportunity to compete at the highest level and gain renown in addition to the IPL and the
Women's T20 Challenge.

Cricket has greatly helped the economies of countries like India, Australia, and England in
recent years. Sales of merchandise, TV rights, and tickets are all important revenue sources
for the sport. In addition to being a well-liked sport, cricket has had a profound cultural
influence on India..

Challenges

The cricket industry has faced a number of challenges throughout the years, including player
tiredness and accusations of corruption. The numerous match-fixing incidents that have
rocked the sport in recent years have diminished its reputation. One of the measures the ICC
has implemented to prevent corruption is the Anti-Corruption Unit (ACU), which investigates
issues relating to corruption and educates players about the hazards of corruption.

Player weariness is another significant problem facing the cricket industry. Due to the
increase in games and competitions, players are frequently overworked, which leads to
injuries and burnout. The ICC has developed a player workload management programme as
one of its solutions to this issue. The COVID-19 epidemic had a significant impact on the
cricket industry and caused numerous tournaments and games to be cancelled or postponed.
The pandemic made it very evident that the cricket sector needs to be more resilient and
adaptable to unforeseen circumstances.

Future Outlook

In the next years, it is projected that the cricket industry would grow as non-traditional
cricket-playing nations like China and the United States get more interested in the game. The
ICC has introduced the World Test Championship and the T20 World Cup as two new events
and competitions in an effort to increase interest in the sport. The cricket industry has been
impacted by the advancement of virtual reality and the enhanced fan experiences brought
about by the growth of digital media and technology. Within the industry, there has also been
an increase in the use of data analytics, which provides insights into player performance and
team strategy.

The sport has faced difficulties like athlete fatigue and accusations of corruption. The
COVID-19 epidemic had an impact on the industry as well, leading to the cancellation or

19
postponement of a number of competitions and matches. The outbreak demonstrated the need
for a more sustainable cricketing schedule, one that balances the requirements of international
cricket with the welfare of players. The ICC has been working on solutions to these
problems, including the

establishment of player workload management standards and the development of a division

devoted to fighting corruption. The sport has seen an upsurge in social responsibility
initiatives, like those to address gender inequality and promote environmental sustainability.

20
 CHAPTER 2

INSTITUTIONAL PROFILE

21
2.1 History of ICC

The world's cricket governing organisation is called the International Cricket Council (ICC).
Australia, England, and South Africa were represented in the 1909 founding of what was then
known as the Imperial Cricket Conference. In 1965, the organisation changed its name to the
International Cricket Conference, and in 1987 it adopted its current name. Dubai, United
Arab Emirates, is home to the ICC's headquarters.

Currently, 108 nations compete in Test matches as members of the ICC, including 12 Full
Members and 96 Associate Members. The ICC oversees and organises two of the largest
international tournaments in the sport: the Cricket World Cup and the T20 World Cup. It also
decides who will officiate all sanctioned Test matches, One Day Internationals, and Twenty20
Internationals. It also oversees action against corruption and match-fixing through its Anti-
Corruption and Security Unit (ACSU), which establishes professional standards of behaviour
for international cricket.

Domestic cricket in member countries or bilateral matches between member countries are not
governed by the ICC (which includes all Test matches). This has no bearing on the game's
rules, which have been established by the Marylebone Cricket Club since 1788.

Former BCCI president Narayanaswami Srinivasan, who was chosen to serve as the Council's
first Chairman on June 26, 2014, is the head of the board of directors. The role of ICC
president has effectively changed into an honorific one with the creation of the chairman
position and other revisions to the ICC constitution in 2014. It has been claimed that as a
result of the 2014 modifications, the "Big Three" nations of Australia, England, and India
now possess power. In June 2015, Zaheer Abbas was chosen to take over as ICC president
after Mustafa Kamal resigned in April 2015. When Shashank Manohar succeeded Srinivasan
in October 2015, he became the ICC's first chairman to be elected independently.

2.1 Vision and mission of ICC

Vision - The long-term objective of the ICC is for cricket to become the most popular sport in
the world. The International Cricket Council (ICC) will continue to lead initiatives to make
cricket for players and fans more fiercely competitive, enjoyable, and purposeful. The ICC
will advance international cricket by increasing the standard of competition at all levels and
opening up the sport to more people and nations. We will promote cricket through staging
enthralling and fascinating international events, luring in fresh and varied supporters, and
creating enduring, successful corporate partnerships. And finally, we'll keep working very
hard to protect the sport's integrity.
22
Values

The ICC's actions and people are guided by the following values:

• Fairness and Integrity

• Excellence

• Accountability

• Teamwork

• Respect for diversity

• Commitment to the global game and its great spirit

Partners

ICC has partners worldwide. It has teams registered under the name of the country. Following
table shows the continent and number of partners from that continent

REGIONS NUMBER OF PARTNERS

AMERICAS 17
AFRICA 22
ASIA 21
EUROPE 33

EAST-ASIA PACIFIC 11

The ICC Commercial Plan works to increase money for the benefit of the sport by staging
engaging international competitions that draw a wide range of spectators and by establishing
successful long-term corporate partnerships.

The programme provides media owners and companies with solid platforms and solutions
that enable them to successfully engage a worldwide audience (estimated at 2.5 billion, with a
projected 4.85 billion broadcast viewership across 18 events). This programme is an

23
unrivalled commercial offering and platform that offers potential for brand affinity, fan
engagement, broad viewing reach, brand profile, and higher sales.

Because cricket creates and delivers stories, values, and emotional connections across
broadcast, digital, and social media in more than 220 territories, 97 percent of consumers
"recommend" and "prefer" businesses to sponsor and participate with cricket.

Program management, event planning, sponsorships, brand licencing, broadcast production,

media and digital rights, digital content and channels, marketing, and overall commercial
sales are all handled internally by a skilled staff.

2.3 Rules and regulation

The International Cricket Council is in charge of bowling reviews, playing conditions, and
other ICC rules. The Laws of Cricket are not owned by the ICC; instead, only the MCC has
the authority to alter them, usually after consulting with the organisation that oversees
international competition in the sport. [Reference needed] For international cricket, the ICC
maintains a set of rules that make minor changes to the Laws. They also have a "Code of
Conduct" that all teams and participants in international competitions must follow. If there are
violations of this code, the ICC may impose penalties, mainly fines. The ICC penalised
players 19 times in 2008.

Umpires and referees

All authorised Test matches, One-Day Internationals, and Twenty20 Internationals are
officiated by international match officials appointed by the International Cricket Council
(ICC). The Elite Panel, the International Panel, and the Associates and Affiliates Panel are the
three umpire panels used by the ICC.

Twelve umpires were a part of the Elite Panel as of March 2012. Theoretically, two Elite
Panel umpires oversee each Test match, while one Elite Panel umpire oversees ODI matches
alongside an International Panel umpire. Members of the International Panel typically take
the field in sporadic Test matches since it is thought that this is an excellent opportunity to
determine whether they can perform at the Test level and whether they should be promoted to
the Elite Panel. The Elite Panel is made up of ICC full-time employees, albeit they
occasionally continue to officiate first-class cricket in their own nations. The typical
officiating schedule for Elite Umpires is 8–10 Test matches and 10-15 ODIs, which translates
to a possible on-field workload of 75 days per year, in addition to travel and preparation time.

24
Each of the eleven cricket boards that participate in Test matches nominates one
representative for the International Panel. When there are high periods in the cricket calendar
when they can be appointed to referee ODI and Test matches, the Panel Members support the
Elite Panel by officiating ODI matches in their own nations. Members of the International
Panel also participate in international umpiring competitions, such as the ICC Under 19
Cricket World Cup, to broaden their knowledge of international circumstances and get

ready for potential advancement to the Elite Panel. A few of these officials also work the
Cricket World Cup. A "third umpire" is designated by each Test cricket board who may be
contacted to review specific on-field decisions via immediate television replays. The post is
viewed as a step onto the International Panel, and eventually the Elite Panel, as every third
umpire is a first-class umpire in their own country.

In June 2006, the first ICC Associate and Affiliate International Umpires Panel was
established. With selection made through each of the five ICC Development Program
Regional Umpires Panels, it replaced the ICC Associate and Affiliate International Umpires
Panel, which was established in 2005, and now represents the highest level for umpires from
non-Test playing Members.

Appointments to ODIs featuring ICC Associate Members, ICC Intercontinental Cup games,
and other Associate and Affiliate tournaments are open to members of the Associate and
Affiliate International Umpires Panel. High-performing umpires may also be given
consideration for participation in other ICC events, like as the ICC U/19 Cricket World Cup,
as well as the ICC Champions Trophy and ICC Cricket World Cup.

2.4 Rankings

The ICC publishes team rankings for all three formats of the game and updates the same
periodically.

 ICC Men's Test Team Rankings

 ICC Men's ODI Team Rankings
 ICC Men's T20I Team Rankings
 ICC Women's ODI Rankings
 ICC Women's T20I Rankings

25
The ICC Player Rankings are a widely followed system of rankings for international
cricketers based on their recent performances.

 ICC Men's Player Rankings

 ICC Women's Player Rankings

2.5 Tournaments

The ICC oversees a number of international Twenty20, Test, and One-Day cricket
tournaments. They are different for both male and female players.

 MEN
 ICC World Test Championship
 ICC Men's Cricket World Cup
 ICC Men's Champions Trophy
 ICC Men's T20 World Cup

 WOMEN
 ICC Women's Cricket World Cup
 ICC Women's T20 World Cup
 ICC Women's T20 Champions Trophy

 UNDER 19 MEN
 ICC Under-19 Cricket World Cup

 UNDER 19 WOMEN
 ICC Under-19 Women's Twenty20 World Cup

The ICC organises a Twenty20 cricket tournament for women at the Commonwealth Games
in collaboration with the Commonwealth Games Federation and the International Olympic
Committee.

2.6 Awards

26
To recognise and reward the top international cricket players of the previous 12 months, the
ICC established the ICC Awards. The official ICC Awards presentation took place on
September 7, 2004, in London. [29] The ICC Awards of the Decade, an unique one-time
edition honouring the top performers and performances from the previous ten years, were
made public by ICC in 2020.

2.7 Anti – corruption and Security

Top cricketers involved in drug and bribery scandals have also been dealt with by the ICC.
The ICC established the Anti-Corruption and Security Unit (ACSU) in 2000 under the
leadership of Lord Condon, a retired commissioner of the London Metropolitan Police, in
response to cricketers' involvement in corruption scandals involving the legal and illicit
bookmaking markets. They have revealed a variety of corruption, including that of the former
South African captain Hansie Cronje, who took large payments from an Indian bookmaker in
exchange for underperforming or guaranteeing that some matches had a predetermined
outcome.

Similar to this, match-fixing allegations against former Indian captains Mohammad

Azharuddin and Ajay Jadeja resulted in their suspension from cricket (for life and for five
years, respectively). The ACSU is still keeping an eye out for and looking into any
complaints of corruption in cricket, and regulations have been put in place that, for instance,
forbid using cell phones in changing rooms.

Malcolm Speed, the chief executive of the ICC, issued a warning against any corruption
before the 2007 Cricket World Cup and promised that the organisation will be watchful and
intolerant of it.

Three Pakistani players, Mohammad Amir, Mohammad Asif, and Salman Butt, were found
guilty of spot-fixing following a controversy that happened during their country's 2010 tour
of England and received respective 5-year, 7-year, and 10-year bans. On November 3, 2011,
sentences of 30 months in prison for Butt, a year for Asif, six months for Amir, and two years
and eight months for Majeed, the sports agent who helped arrange the payments, were
imposed.

27
2.8 SWOT Analysis of ICC

SWOT analysis, which stands for Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats, is a
strategic planning tool. Here is the International Cricket Council's (ICC) SWOT analysis:

Strengths:

 Global reach: The ICC is a really global organisation with a broad scope
because it is in charge of regulating international cricket matches all over the
world.
 Popular sport: One of the most well-liked sports in the world is cricket, which
has a sizable following that attends and supports international cricket
tournaments.
 Strong governance structure: Fairness, accountability, and transparency are
supported by the ICC's well-established governance framework in
international cricket.
 Well-established tournaments: The ICC manages and organises a number of
renowned cricket competitions, including the World Cup and Champions
Trophy, which bring in a sizable sum of money and aid in the sport's
promotion.
 Brand recognition: In the realm of cricket, the ICC is a well-known name
with a solid track record of managing and advancing the game internationally.
 Financial stability: With a sizable cash stream coming from sponsorships,
tournaments, and media rights, the ICC is in a strong financial position.
 Professionalism: The ICC is renowned for taking a professional stance toward
the sport, with clearly established guidelines that are uniformly applied to all
contests.
 Emphasis on player safety: Regulations are in place to make sure that players
are not exposed to undue dangers during games, and the ICC places a high
priority on player safety.

28
Weaknesses:

 Limited growth in some markets: Growth potential for the ICC is constrained in some
markets because cricket hasn't really taken off there while being popular elsewhere in
the world.
 Over-reliance on a few teams: over-reliance on a select few teams International
cricket is disproportionately influenced by a small number of national teams, like
India, which makes it harder for the ICC to adopt choices that equally benefit all
nations.
 Lack of diversity in leadership: Lack of variety in leadership: A small number of big
cricket-playing nations dominate the ICC's leadership, which may limit the range of
viewpoints and views that may be heard inside the group.
 Limited use of technology: The ICC has been sluggish to adapt and integrate new
technologies, such video review systems, which may affect how fair and accurate
international cricket matches are.
 Lack of standardization: The ICC has come under fire for failing to standardise in
some areas, including the calibre of pitches and the usage of technology during
games.
 Limited fan engagement: The ICC has been hesitant to embrace new technologies and
engage fans in creative ways, which may hinder its capacity to draw in and keep a
large fan base.
 Limited focus on women's cricket: Men's and women's cricket still suffer from a
substantial resource and publicity divide, despite the ICC's efforts to promote
women's cricket.
 Political influence: The ICC has come under fire for having too close of a relationship
with some national cricket boards, which may limit its capacity to make choices on its
own behalf that are best for the game.

29
Opportunities:

 Increasing fan base: Cricket is becoming more and more popular around the world,
giving the ICC the chance to increase its audience and sources of income.
 Rising markets: The United States and China, two emerging nations where cricket is
gaining popularity, offer the International Cricket Council (ICC) tremendous room for
expansion.
 Increasing use of technology: The ICC has additional chances to enhance cricket and
engage spectators thanks to technological advancements like ball-tracking and real-
time data analysis.
 Partnerships and collaborations: The ICC can work with other institutions to increase
its impact and reach, such as national cricket boards and broadcasters.
 Growth of T20 cricket: T20 cricket's popularity is rising, giving the International
Cricket Council (ICC) the chance to diversify its revenue sources and attract a larger
fan base.
 Development of new cricketing nations:The ICC can concentrate on creating new
cricketing nations, such as Afghanistan and Ireland, in order to broaden the sport's
appeal and generate new cash sources.
 Women's cricket expansion: The ICC should concentrate on women's cricket since it
offers the sport a huge prospect for growth and new financial opportunities.
 Utilization of data analytics: The ICC can make use of data analytics to learn about
player performance and match trends, which can enhance the sport's quality and find
new ways to engage fans.


30
Threats:

 Competition from other sports: Soccer, basketball, and baseball are just a few of the
prominent sports that might hinder cricket's growth and appeal.
 Match-fixing and corruption: These problems have plagued cricket and have the
potential to harm the sport's reputation as well as reduce revenue and spectator
engagement.
 Political involvement: The ICC might experience political intervention from other
organisations or national governments, which could affect its capacity to fairly and
effectively oversee sport.
 Pandemic of COVID-19: International cricket matches have been impacted by the
COVID-19 pandemic, which has resulted in the cancellation of tournaments and
decreased revenue for the ICC.
 Rapid media landscape change: The emergence of streaming services and other digital
platforms has the potential to affect the ICC's revenue sources and capacity for
growth.
 Political unrest: Political unrest in some countries of the world may hinder the ICC's
capacity to host international cricket matches there, which may restrain the expansion
of the sport there.
 Climate change: Climate change may have an impact on the standard of fields and the
viability of holding matches in particular areas, which may have an impact on the
development and acceptance of the sport.
 Player burnout: The growing number of cricket matches played can result in player
burnout, which can have an effect on the sport's level of competition and the ICC's
capacity to draw and keep elite talent.

31
 CHAPTER 3
Research Design and Methodology

32
3.1 Objective of study – creating a live dashboard of cricket ODI men’s data to understand
the players performance in the overall career and specifically against other teams and on a
particular ground.

3.2 Need of study – understanding and analysing the performance of players playing cricket
in 20th century with respect to the ground on which they had played along with the
oppositions against which they had played.

3.3 Scope of study - by understanding the players statistics in the past we can relate these
statistics to present players also we can evaluate players on various parameters and also
create the dashboard for current player statistics.

3.4 Literature review

Cricket is a game played between two teams consisting typically 11 players. Each player
performs differently according to various conditions. Kimber & Hansford in their article
focuses on the importance of the averages of both the batsman and bowlers. They try to emphasis on
the averages as the measure of the performance for player. Another article which is written by
Mukherjee focuses on quantifying individuals performance in the game of cricket and showing that
how is it an important criteria for the team selection. He says “Traditionally the batsmen and bowlers
are rated on their batting or bowling average respectively. However, in a game like Cricket it is always
important the manner in which one scores the runs or claims a wicket. Scoring runs against a strong
bowling line-up or delivering a brilliant performance against a team with a strong batting line-up
deserves more credit. A player’s average is not able to capture this aspect of the game.”

The game of cricket is unpredictable, but in his article Balasundaram tries to use machine learning
algorithms to make the game a little more predictable. It takes into consideration various factors like
runs scored and wicket taken which helps us to predict the game to a certain degree. Whereas
Somaskandhan focuses on identifying the optimal set of attributes for the players who are playing
cricket in his article. He says that most of the decisions are made according to the domain knowledge
whereas he is trying to reduce the domain knowledge dependence by introducing the ML algorithms

Data visualization is an art of converting data into diagrams. The diagrams are charts and maps and
are having the potential to tell the complete insight of the data. According to Sadiku et al. there is a
need to visualize the massive amount of data which is present now a days. Due to this huge
amount, it is difficult for the user to visualize this massive data. In his article he talks about
how the data visualization can help to understand the data in a better way. Tableau is one of
the tools to visualize the data. In his study, author (Rajeswari et al., 2017) compared R and
Tableau and told the advantages of both amongst each other. Dandin & Ducassé, 2018 talks
about various types of maps and charts which can be used for data visualization and what
33
figure to be used for what data. Human mind is very dependent on visualizations since the
ancient times and this relation is explored by Sadiku in his article. He tries to show the
dependency and how the data will be

effecting the human cognition. In the document Azzam talks about evaluating the
visualizations by understanding the complexity of visualizations and the evolution of the data
visualization science. In the document written by Dhanakoti, talks about all the data
visualizations used while the live broadcasting of the match. The visualization ranges from
the pitch area to the wagon wheel and the ball trajectory. In this document the author talks
about how all this data is recorded and how is presented along with the importance of all this
visualization.

The field of data visualization is a very important field and in the present study we will try to
identify the performance of ODI players played matches into 20 th century with the help of
Tableau and try to show corelation of player with some key parameters.

3.5 Operational definitions

The data we got is the secondary data collected from data.world the data is about 20 th century
Mens ODI. The owner of the data set is Christopher Clayford. The dataset consists of various
attribute of players. The shape of data is 28 columns, 72,842 rows. The name and the
meaning of the features is as follows

1. Innings player – name of the player played the match

2. Innings runs scored – number of runs scored by the player in that particular inning. If
a player goes not out, the column represents that by putting ‘*’ in the end of the runs
3. Innings runs scored num – this column gives the runs scored In the inning without
considering the out or not out status of the player
4. Innings minutes batted – this column gives time in minutes that the batsmen was
present on the pitch batting in an particular inning
5. Innings batted flat – it represents number of innings the batsman batted in a particular
match (which is 0 or 1)
6. Innings not out flag – it represents number of innings the batsman was not out in a
particular match (mainly 0 and 1)
7. Innings balls faced – this column shows number of balls faced by the batsman in a
particular innings
8. Innings boundary fours – this column shows number of fours scored by a batsman in a
inning

34
9. Innings boundary six - this column shows number of six scored by a batsman in a
inning
10. Innings batting strike rate – this column represents the strike rate of batsmen in an
inning.
11. Innings number – this column shows the innings number in that match it is either 1 or
2
12. Opposition – this column shows the opposition team name against which the player
had played
13. Ground – the ground on which the played a particular inning is shown in this ground
14. Innings date – the date on which the player played its inning
15. Country – name of the country to which the player belongs
16. 50’s – number of fifties scored by a batsman in an innings
17. 100’s – number of centuries scored by a batsman in an inning
18. Innings runs scored bucket – it divides the number in a class interval of 50 i.e., 0-50,
50-100 and so on and places player into respective class
19. Innings overs bowled – it shows the number of overs bowled by a bowler in an inning
20. Innings bowled flag - it represents number of innings the bowler bowled in a
particular match (which is 0 or 1)
21. Innings maiden bowled – it shows the number of overs delivered by the bowler which
were median. A median over is that over in which the batsman is not able to score any
run
22. Innings runs conceded – this column shows the number of runs conceded by the
bowler in an inning
23. Innings wicket taken – this column shows number of wickets taken by the bowler in
an inning
24. 4 wickets – this column shows that did the bowler got 4 wickets in an inning or not
25. 5 wickets – this column shows that did the bowler got 5 wickets in an inning or not
26. 10 wickets – this column shows that did the bowler got 10 wickets in an inning or not
27. Innings wicket taken bucket - it divides the number in a class interval of 4 i.e. 0-4, 4-8
and so on and places player into respective class
28. Innings economy rate – economy of the bowler in the given innings is represented
here.

35
3.6 Methodology

The data we have is secondary data collected from data world over main aim of the study is
identifying performance of players on various parameters search as performance of the
batsman on a particular ground, performance of the batsman against particular team,
performance of a bowler against the particular team on a particular ground identifying the
strike rate of the batsmen against other teams and generalized statistics of the player.

Data collection – the data we found belongs to the library named Cricinfo Statsguru Data
which is present on data.world. the link to the library is here. The given hyperlink will
redirect us to the source of the data and the library. The final location will be this web page

Fig3.1 - Data source

The owner of this library is Mr. Christopher Clayford. The data is of ODI men’s data played
in the 20th century. The data is basically of 29 years that is from year 1971 to 2000. The
columns which were described above are the features of the dataset. The owner gathered this
complete data for this set as well as for all the other sheets from ESPN cricinfo.

36
The data contains attributes of both bowlers and batsmen. Not every batsmen got the chance
to play in every innings he appeared and so such case is represented as DNB i.e., did not bat
and other blank spaces means that the played did not played in that particular inning.

The selection of columns for visualization was done as per the segregation of player category.
Batting attributes were taken for batsmen and bowling attributes were selected for bowlers.
To filter players as batsmen and bowler, the strike rate and economy was taken into
consideration. A player with zero strike rate is considered as bowler and a player with zero
economy is considered as batsman. A player with both strike rate and economy is counted as
all-rounder.

3.7 Visualization design

The aim is to create an interactive dashboard using tableau. Dashboard creation is an

elaborative process of making independent sheets and combining together with the help of
tableau’s dashboard feature. By using filter action function, we can make the dashboard
interactive and dynamic. An interactive dashboard is that in which all the data which is being
shown in the sheets will change as per the input given by the user. Steps to create a dashboard
is as follows

1. Connecting data source to the tableau

When a person first opens tableau, he needs to connect the data source to perform
action. The following photo is the opening page of tableau.

37
 Fig3.2 - Tableau home page

As we can see tableau can connect to various sources. User needs to select the proper
data source for performing visualizations. The data downloaded from the library was
in the form of Excel file and so we selected Microsoft Excel from the menu by
entering the file path of the excel file. After that, sheet which have the data in the
excel file needs to be selected and dragged in the user interface of Tableau. Tableau
will fetch the complete data from the sheet and present all the columns to the left side
of the screen.

2. Creating work sheets and creating dashboard

Tableau worksheets are the pivot tables in which the user drags and drop the columns
from the source in the deep bus either in the form of row or the column. The tableau
interface will show the drag column and the Rows data the user had put it into row or
column. To create work sheets, we need to select proper columns. Empty sheet in the
tableau is shown below. The selection of column gives the direction and output to the
sheet as it decides what the presenter wants to present using this sheet. The sheets
were separated for batsman and bowler

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 Fig3.3 - tableau empty sheet

As we can see that on the left side we have all the names of features which can be
used to create the sheets we can drag and drop them to use them as we desire.

The first worksheet created is of players and country. We dragged the column of
Innings player and the country to the worksheet and presented it in the form of table.

39
 Fig3.4 - players

We can see the data source on the leftmost corner of the screen tableau is gathering
data from the sheet one n giving us the name of all the columns present in the first
sheet. Tableau by default detects country name and put it on the world map. We put
both country names add innings player in the Rose section so that the pivot table will
be showing it into column to avoid the display of the countries on the world map we
went to show me section and selected the table format. As we can see there are 1115
district players separated amongst the countries in this first sheet this sheet will be
used port filter action in the final dashboard. The name of this sheet is players. The
upcoming sheets will be displaying players characteristics for example batsman
characteristics and bowler characteristics.

The second sheet created was to display the characteristics of batsman. The innings
player column was selected along with innings balls face, average of innings balls
faced, innings runs scored num, innings boundary fours and innings boundary six’s
we calculated the average of innings balls faced by dragging innings balls faced and
using the major as average. The histogram was used as the way of representing
40
batsman data and name the sheet as batsman. The measure for innings boundary fours
and innings boundary sixes is sum. Tableau is adding the innings boundary force
according to the player’s name as we have 1055 players all the players who had
scored fours and sixes are added according to their innings. The filter applied was on
the basis of strike rate if the strike rate of a player is greater than zero it is considered
as a batsman and this filter was applied on the innings player column.

Fig3.5 - batsman

The third sheet was created to display the bowler’s characteristics. The various
columns were selected and combined together to generate the graph. The columns
which were selected for this sheet was innings player, innings economy rate, innings
overs bowled, innings runs conceded, innings wicket taken. All these characteristics

41
 were selected to define bowler’s attributes. The measures were used for this sheet are
sum for innings economy, sum for innings overs bowled, sum of innings runs
conceded and sum of innings wickets taken. The histogram was used to create the
chart at the top of the sheet you can see the name of player and at the bottom the name
of columns were shown. The filter we used in this sheet was that this sheet will only
display players which are having strike rate as zero

Fig3.6 – bowler

We will discuss the creation of remaining sheets in the data analysis part of the project. Those
sheets are mainly ‘strike rate and ground’, ‘ground and wicket’, ‘runs and ground.

After creating all the sheets, we will open a new dashboard in tableau. The empty dashboard
layout of the tableau is shown in the following figure.

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 Fig3.7 – tableau initial dashboard

The empty layout of dashboard can be filled by dropping sheets which were prepared
previously. To add the sheets tableau by default provides layout to sheets. We have to adjust
our sheet on the dashboard to make it visually appealing. The color schemes provided in
tableau helps presenter to make each sheet visually appealing. User have to keep in mind that
the colors will be shown at the end and accordingly have to select colors. We can use the
label feature allows us to represent data over the points. If the data is shown in the form of
histogram, data will be shown on the top of histogram. If the data is shown in the form of
line, the data is shown on the points. This label feature makes it easy for reader to read the
data in the dashboard. We have to carefully select the feature names to put into the label
section as too much labeling can lead towards crowded visualization which can destroy the
visuals of the dashboard. Using labels properly is the essential part of storytelling proper
labels can help us to enhance storytelling of data whereas too much labels can lead to
crowded and confusing data presentations and the audience can get confusion about what
data is for which attribute. To put the sheets in the dashboards, tableau’s drag and drop
feature comes in handy. While dropping the sheet we can see how it will display the sheet on
the dashboard. After putting all the sheets into the dashboard in a particular manner our final
cricket dashboard is created. The figure below shows the final dashboard.

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 Fig3.8 – tableau dashboard for allrounder

As shown in the above figure the first part of the dashboard is the list of players grouped by
country name. From there we can select name of the player and the whole dashboard will
change according to its data. The middle part of dashboard is the section to represent the
statistics of the players. As talked above, the division of players was in two categories one
was bowler and other was for batsman. Above case is for all-rounder. the player played both
as bowler and batsman. When we select a batsman the bowler portion goes blank

The batsman is a person who had not bowled a single ball which makes its economy zero and
so the bowler sheets go blank. The following image shows the dashboard for batsman. A
Turner is a batsman from Australia country. When we select his name the dashboard changes
as follows. We can see that the bowler stats go blank

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 Fig3.9 – dashboard for batsman

When a player is bowler, the dashboard hides batsman status accordingly. A bowler is a
player who did not scored a run in its career making its strike rate zero. The following image
shows dashboard when the selected player is a bowler.

Fig3.10 – dashboard for bowler

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 Chapter 4

Chart Analysis and Interpretations

46
As discussed in above section, we will talk about the three charts at the right side of the
dashboard. When we look at them, they are combo charts. The combo charts are the
combination of two or more than two charts these charts are helpful to reduce space on
dashboards as they give the information about two charts in a single chart. The three charts
were used to display runs scored by a player on a particular ground, wickets taken by a
bowler on a particular ground and strike rate of batman against a particular team.

The objective this project to find which conditions of pitch were helpful for a particular
player and against which team a batsman was more powerful in its performance. The data can
help us identify number of matches played on a particular ground, number of runs scored by
the batsmen on that ground and average run scored by the batsman on that ground. The
average runs scored is the ratio of total runs scored by the batsman on the ground to the
number of times the batsman played on that ground. Higher the average runs scored on that
ground bitter the grounds climatic conditions world present at that time.

When it comes to bowler the ground and wicket chart represents number of times up player
played a match on a particular ground and total wickets that the bowler took on that particular
ground. With the addition of the calculated field, we can find the average wickets taken by
the bowler in that period. Higher the average wickets taken by the bowler better was his
performance on that particular ground.

When it comes to the performance of the batsmen against other teams, strike rate is one of the
most accurate the strike rate is a ratio of run scored by the batsmen to the number of balls
faced by the batsmen. The strike rate and opposition chart show total matches played by a
batsman against a team and the average strike rate he played against that team. Higher the
strike rate better the batsman performance was against that team

The following are the preparations and the interpretations of the charts we discussed about in
the above section

47
4.1 Ground and wicket

The ground and wicket chart is the combination chart of count of grounds that a
player played in. there are in total 128 grounds listed and 1135 players in the data.

Fig4.1 - Ground and wicket(AY Karim)

The above chart is the representation of one of the bowler named AY Karim from
Kenya. In the above chart, lines in the red are the count of grounds the bowler played
matches in. the chart is combination of histogram and line chart. The histograms are
used to show the number of matches a player played in different grounds. The line in
orange shows the total number of wickets taken by the bowler on that ground and line
in pink shows the average wickets taken by the player on that ground.

The vertical axis on left represents count of grounds which is discrete, the righthand
side vertical axis represents axis for average wickets taken as well as total wickets

48
taken by the bowler. The horizontal axis at the bottom shows name of grounds that the
player bowled and the horizontal axis at the top represents the innings player name.
In the above example we can see that player played highest number of matches at
Nairobi(Gym) stadium and second highest was Dhaka. Player took 7 wickets on
Nairobi(Gym) and 6 wickets at Dhaka stadium. He played 13 matches on the
Nairobi(Gym) and 6 matches on Dhaka stadium in the given period.

We can see by the pink line in the chart which represents average wickets taken the
bowler took on average half wicket on every ground. The highest of the average
wickets taken was on Nairobi(Gym) and at Dhaka stadium. Though the average is just
0.583 and 0.600 wickets but the player played a greater number of matches on the
ground. If he was not able to perform, his average would have declined and so we can
say that the pitch condition at these two grounds in the 20 th century was helpful for the
player. The pitch conditions depend on climatic conditions of the city. Nairobi is in
Africa continent in the country of Kenya a coastal region where as Dhaka which is in
Bangladesh is also on the coastal region. The pitch condition of a coastal area
supports spinners. AY Karim is a left arm spinner and that’s why on these pitch player
was able to perform well.

We can see the same trend on the ground of Chennai, India. Though the average
wickets were the highest on this ground but player played only two matches on
Chennai stadium. Chennai is a coastal city located at the Bay of Bengal. The pitch at
Chennai stadium helped to get wickets.

Let us take another example an Indian bowler, Anil Kumbale

49
 Fig4.2 – ground and wicket(A Kumbale)
We can see that the player had played a lot of matches on various grounds. He played
highest matches at Sharjah which is 80 the second highest ground on which Anil
played is Colombo(RPS) on which he had played 28 matches. By observing chart
carefully we can see he took highest wickets at Sharjah which is 56 wickets in total.
He took 13 wickets on Colombo(SSC) and Singapore ground. The player played at
various grounds and so the chart is a bit crowded, the tableau’s highlighter feature can
be used to identify the ground on which he took the highest average wickets.

Fig4.3 – Tableau highlighter view

He took highest average wicket of 2 and second highest is 1.5 on ground Hamilton
and Mumbai (BS), Adelaide, Cuttak. Geographically all these grounds are on different
continents but the similarity in their location is that all of these grounds are near the
sea side. Which is similar to the previous bowler that the grounds near sea helps a
spinner for better bowling.

50
4.2 Runs and ground
Runs and ground is the combination chart of runs scored by batsman and the number
of matches played by the batsman. We are studying this to analyze what ground was
beneficial for batsman. The following chart is the graph of the runs on ground.

Fig4.4 – Runs and ground(S Ramesh)

The above chart is the representation of one of the batsmen named S Ramesh from
India. In the above chart, lines in the red are the count of grounds batsman played
matches in. the chart is combination of histogram and line chart. The histograms are
used to show the number of matches a player played in different grounds. The line in
blue shows the total number of runs scored by the player on that ground and line in
green shows the average wickets taken by the player on that ground.
The vertical axis on left represents count of grounds which is discrete, the righthand
side vertical axis represents axis for average runs scored as well as total runs scored

51
by the batsmen. The horizontal axis at the bottom shows name of grounds that the
player batted and the horizontal axis at the top represents the innings player name.
In the above example we can see that player played highest number of matches at
Sharjah stadium and second highest was Nairobi(Gym). Player scored 164 runs on
Nairobi(Gym) and 125 runs at Dhaka stadium. He played 10 matches on the
Nairobi(Gym) and 8 matches on Dhaka stadium in the given period.
We can see by the green line in the chart which represents average runs scored, the
batsmen scored on average 16.4 runs on every ground. The highest of the average
runs scored was on Leicester and second highest is at Colombo stadium. The average
runs scored at Leicester was 27.5 runs per match and average runs at Colombo
stadium is 25.8 runs per match. He played 2 matches at Leicester and 4 matches at
Colombo stadium. The Leicester is in England and the Colombo stadium is at Sri
Lanka.
The atmosphere at England is a bit dry, which makes it a better pitch for fast pace
bowling and the Colombo stadium is near the coastline. Which makes it a better pitch
for spin bowling and so we can say that the player enjoyed speed pitches as player had
played less matches on the Leicester. Hence we can say that the player got helped
with the pitch whose climate is windy.

52
Let’s take another example from the data set. The Indian player Yuvraj Singhs data is
displayed in the below figure

Fig4.5- runs and ground (Yuvraj Singh)

We can see that player played highest matches at Sharjah stadium and second highest
at Nairobi (gym) stadium. He played 10 matches at Sharjah and 7 matches at Nairobi
(Gym)
He scored 55 runs at Sharjah and143 runs at Nairobi (Gym) stadium. When we look at
average runs scored by the player on ground we can see that the highest average runs
scored by player is at Nairobi(Gym) stadium. We can see by the geographical
conditions of Nairobi city, it’s a cold and windy city. Which proved better for batsman
advantage

53
4.3 Strike rate and opposition
trike rate and opposition is the combination chart of strike rate of batsman and the
number of matches he played against other teams. We are studying this to analyze
against which country player was more comfortable to score runs. The strike rate is a
better measure the performance of batsmen against other countries bowlers.
Following is the chart of strike rate and opposition is as follows.

Fig4.6 – strike rate and opposition(S Ramesh)

The above chart is the representation of one of the batsman named S Ramesh from
India. In the above chart, bars in the blue color are the count of matches the batsman
played against each team. the chart is combination of histogram and line chart. The
histograms are used to show the number of matches a player played against each team
in the prescribed time. The line in maroon color shows the average strike rate of the
batsman against that particular team.

The vertical axis on left represents count of grounds which is discrete, the righthand
side vertical axis represents axis for average strike rate of the batsman. The horizontal

54
axis at the bottom shows name of oppositions that the player played matches against
on and the horizontal axis at the top represents the innings player name.

In the above example we can see that player played highest number of matches
against West Indies and second highest was against Pakistan. Best average strike rate
of the player was against Sri Lanka which was 92.14 and the second highest average
strike rate was against South Africa. Player had least strike rate against West Indies.
Which means the player was comfortable to play against Sri Lanka and was least
comfortable against West indies team.

55
Let us discuss another example

Fig4.7 – Strike rate and opposition (A Ranatunga)

The above chart is for player A Ranatunga, as we can see player played 135 matches
against Pakistan and 112 matches against India. His average strike rate was 68.03 and
65.68 against Pakistan and India respectively. Highest strike rate was against Kenya.
We can say that the player was very much comfortable against team Kenya.

56
 Chapter 5
Summary of Findings, Conclusions and
Recommendations

57
 In order to find patterns and trends in player performance and team success, the
cricket data visualization project entailed analyzing a dataset of cricket matches. The
project's goal was to shed light on the elements that go into winning games and how
player performance impacts team results.

5.1 Findings
By analyzing all the three graphs we can find the best ground for the batsman on
which he was able to score the most runs also the bowler too was performing
differently on different grounds. The best grounds for different bowler and batsman
were different and the climatic weather of the location played a major role to
determine best ground suited for the player.

When it comes to the strike rate and teams chart, we can see which batsman was
comfortable to play against which team maintaining best possible strike rate possible.
The strike rate is a one of the most important matrix to determine the performance of
a batsman and so the selector would be able to make the decision to select a player
against a particular team.

5.2 Suggestions
 We can use the similar data visualization approach to select a player for the
upcoming matches and player selection by considering the climate changes of
the cities as the climatic change affects the pitch and in turn players
performance
 Further exploration of the data can be done by exploring various matrix of the
data.
 This approach is completely dependent on the historical data. Which means
even if data is correct, the predictability of players performance still remains
uncertain and so, keeping this factor in mind while selecting a player is also
very crucial.

5.3 Conclusion
The selection of team when it comes to cricket or any sport is a crucial factor for a
team’s success.
The players could be selected on various matrix, some of them are mentioned above.
The above-mentioned matrix can be considered while selecting a team, considering
58
against which team our team is going to play, on which ground the players are going
to play and the climatic condition of the city in which the ground is present.
This approach totally depends on the historical performance of the player, which
means we may select a player according to this approach, the success of his
performance still remains uncertain.

5.4 Managerial lessons learned

 The importance of data-driven decision-making: The value of basing judgments on
facts rather than conjecture or intuition can be illustrated with the aid of a data
visualisation project. Data visualisations can be used by managers to spot trends and
patterns, test theories, and come to well-informed conclusions.
 The power of visual communication: Managers can communicate complex
information in a clear and succinct way by using visualisations. Managers can aid
stakeholders in better understanding the information and making more informed
decisions by providing data in a visual way.
 The need for ongoing evaluation and improvement: Projects involving data
visualisation are ongoing procedures that call for continuous review and refinement
rather than being one-time events. Data visualisations can be used by managers to
track performance over time, pinpoint problem areas, and create strategies for
ongoing development.
 The importance of data quality: The accuracy and value of the insights discovered
can be significantly impacted by the quality of the data utilised in a data visualisation
project. Data visualisations can be used by managers to spot problems with data
quality, including missing data or outliers, and work to fix them over time.

Managers can use data visualisation projects to enhance decision-making,

communication, cooperation, and overall organisational performance by keeping these
concepts in mind.

59
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