10/9/2020

SUBSCRIBE Telegram group:- SIRJEE CLASSES

BASICS OF COMPUTER
Generally, computer is the combination of hardware and SIRJEE CLASSES

software which converts data into information. Computer

operates on a set of instructions only, they cannot think as
human being.
Functioning of a computer system
Computer is responsible for performing Four basic
functions.
1. Input- information or data that is entered into
the computer is called input.

2. processing-it is the sequence of actions taken

on data to convert it into information
which is meaningful to the user.

3. Output- it makes process data available to the

user. 2
4. Storage- it stores data and programs
permanently.

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COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE (Von neumann)

Computer Architecture deals with the functional behaviour of a SIRJEE CLASSES

computer system as viewed by a programmer.

It can also be described as the logical structure of the system unit

that housed electronic components.
Components of a computer
A computer consists of three main components:-
(i) Input/Output (I/O) Unit.
(ii) Central Processing Unit (CPU).
(iii) Memory Unit.

INPUT UNIT/ DEVICES

An input unit/device is an electro-mechanical device that allows the SIRJEE CLASSES

user to feed data into the computer for analysis and storagre and to
give commands to the computer.

The data is entered into the main-memory through the

input devices.
Example-
Audio conversion device
Barcode reader
Biometrics (e.g., fingerprint scanner).
Microphone.
Business card reader
MICR.
Finger (with touch screen or Windows
Mouse, touchpad, or other pointing
Touch).
devices.
Gamepad, joystick, paddle, steering wheel,
OMR (optical mark reader)
Graphics tablet.
Scanner.
Keyboard.
Sensors.
Light pen.
Voice.
Medical imaging devices (e.g., X-ray, CAT 4
Video capture device.
scan, and ultrasound images).
Webcam.

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Output unit/ devices

SIRJEE CLASSES

An output unit/device is a computer hardware equipment used to

communicate the results of data processing carried out by an
information processing to the outside world.
Examples of output unit/devices are:-

Printer (dot matrix printer, inkjet printer, and laser printer).

Projector. 3D Printer.

Sound card. Braille embosser.
Speakers. Braille reader.
SGD (Speech-generating device) Flat panel.
TV. GPS.
Video card. Headphones.
Monitor.
5
Plotter.

SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-3

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PRINTER
SIRJEE CLASSES

A printer is an external hardware output Printer types:-

device that takes the electronic data
stored on a computer or other device and 1.Impact printer
generates a hard copy of it.
1. Dot-Matrix Printers
Printers are one of the most popular 2.Daisy-wheel printers
computer peripherals and are commonly 3.Line printers
used to print text and photos. 4.Drum printer
Printer speed 5. Chain/Band printer

The speed of a printer is measured in:- 2.Non-impact printers

Character per second(CPS),
Lines per minute(LPM) 1.Ink-jet printers
Page per minute (PPM). 2.Laser printers
3.Thermal printer
Faster the printing, the more 7
expensive the printer. Note:- print quality is measured in dots
per inch (DPI).

SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-a

Most important advantage of an IC is its

Extremely high reliability.

Reliability is an attribute of any computer-

related component (software, or hardware,
or a network, for example) that consistently
performs according to its specifications.
Ans-b

Ans-b

8
MIPS means millions of
Ans-c
instructions per second.

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Central Processing Unit (CPU)

SIRJEE CLASSES

The central processing unit consits of set of registers, arithmetic

and control circuits, which together interpret and execute
instructions in assembly language.

The primary functions of the CPU are:-

1. The CPU transfers instructions and input

data from main memory to registers.
e.g, internal memory.

2. The CPU executes the instructions in

the stored sequence.

3. When necessary, CPU transfer output data

from registers to main memory.
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COMPUTER ARCHITECTURE
Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) SIRJEE CLASSES

The arthematic logic unit contains the electronic circuitry

that executes all arithmetic and logical operations on the
available data.

It is used to perform all arithmetic calculation (addition,

subtraction, multiplication and division) and logical
calculation(AND, OR, etc)
Logical unit performs comparison of numbers,
Letters and special characters.
ALU uses registers to hold the data that is being processed.
REGISTER
Registers are special purpose and high speed temporary memory units.
Essentially, they hold the information that the CPU is currently
working on. 10

Registers store data, instructions, address and intermediate results of processing.

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SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-a

Ans-b

Ans-c

11

CONTROL UNIT
SIRJEE CLASSES

It coordinates with the input and output devices of a computer.

It direct the computer to carry out stored programs and instructions

by communicating with the ALU and the registers.

It organises the processing of data and instructions.

BUSES OF COMPUTER

1. INTERNAL BUS
2. EXTERNAL BUS

1. Internal Bus 2. EXTERNAL BUS

Internal buses are:-

1. Data bus
2. Address bus 12
3. Control bus

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MEMORY UNIT
A memory unit/device is used in the computers to store the data. SIRJEE CLASSES

1. Primary memory or main memory

2. Secondary memory or auxilary memory

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SECONDARY MEMORY
(Auxiliary memory/storage devices)
SIRJEE CLASSES

The secondary memory stores much larger

amounts of data and information for extended
periods of time.

Data in secondary memory cannot be processed

directly by the CPU, it must first be copied into
primary storage i.e. RAM.

Secondary memory devices include:-

Magnetic disks optical disks solid state

disks
Hard disks drive
Floppy disk CD
Memory stick DVD Pen/Flash Drive
Blue-ray disks 14

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SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-c Ans-b

Ans-d

punch card, punch tape is used with

some early computers as a means to
store and input data into the
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computer.
Ans-d

Comparison of secondary memory

SIRJEE CLASSES

Secondary Memory Device and their

Storage method and capacity

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Memory measurement
SIRJEE CLASSES

17

SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-3

Ans-3
Ans-3 18

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SIRJEE CLASSES

SIRJEE CLASSES

OPERATING SYSTEM
SIRJEE CLASSES
Operating system is the first and foremost system software that
manages the hardware, and application softwares.

An Operating System performs basic tasks such as controlling input

and output devices, processing of instructions, controlling and
allocating memory.

It mainly provides an environment to run the software and serves

services to computer hardware.
An operating system consists of a set of programs, which controls,
coordinates and supervises the activities of the various components
of a computer system.

In other words, an operating system is a program which acts as an

interface between a user and hardware.

Ex- unix, MS-DOS, windows 98/2000/XP

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BIOS (basic I/O system)

BIOS an acronym for Basic Input/Output System and also known as the
SIRJEE CLASSES

System BIOS, ROM BIOS or PC BIOS) is firmware used to perform hardware

initialization during the booting process (power-on startup), and to provide
runtime services for operating systems and programs.
The BIOS firmware comes pre-installed on a personal computer's system board,
and it is the first software to run when powered on.

The BIOS in modern PCs initializes and tests the system hardware components,
and loads a boot loader from a mass memory device which then initializes
an operating system.

Most BIOS implementations are specifically designed to work with a particular

computer or motherboard model, by interfacing with various devices that make
up the complementary system chipset.

Originally, BIOS firmware was stored in a ROM chip on the PC motherboard. In

modern computer systems, the BIOS contents are stored on flash memory so it
can be rewritten without removing the chip from the motherboard.

SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

BIOS is an acronym for Basic Input/Output

System and also known as the System BIOS,
ROM BIOS or PC BIOS) is firmware used to
perform hardware initialization during the
booting process (power-on startup), and to
Ans-d provide runtime services for operating
systems and programs.

The BIOS stores the date, the time, and your

system configuration information in a
battery-powered, non-volatile memory chip,
called a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor) after its manufacturing
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process.
Ans-c

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Types of operating system

SIRJEE CLASSES

There are different types of operating systems available

which require different types of hardware to run on.

The operating systems are classified as:-

1. Single user operating system

Single user operating system is a type of operating

system which allows only one user at a time.

Operating system for personal computer (PC) is a

single user operating system.

They are designed to manage one task at a time.

ex- MS-DOS, windows 9X

2. Multi user operating system

SIRJEE CLASSES
This operating system allows multiple users to access a computer
system concurrently.
It is used in computer networks that allows the
same data and application to be accessed by
multiple user at the same time.

Ex- UNIX, LINUX , Windows 2000/2007

3. Multitasking Operating System

In multi-tasking operating system, more than one
processes can be executed concurrently.

It also allows the user to switch between the running

application.
Ex- LINUX, UNIX, WINDOWS 95

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Mobile operating system

SIRJEE CLASSES

A mobile OS is an OS that operates on smart phones, tablets and

digital mobile devices.
Ex:- android, symbian, IOS, blackberry

25

(LATEST)

Android operating system

SIRJEE CLASSES
Code Version Initial release
name numbers date
Cupcake 1.5 April 27, 2009
Donut 1.6 September 15, 2009
Eclair 2.0 – 2.1 October 26, 2009
Froyo 2.2 – 2.2.3 May 20, 2010
Gingerbread 2.3 – 2.3.7 December 6, 2010
Honeycomb 3.0 – 3.2.6 February 22, 2011
Ice Cream Sandwich 4.0 – 4.0.4 October 18, 2011
Jelly Bean 4.1 – 4.3.1 July 9, 2012
KitKat 4.4 – 4.4.4 October 31, 2013
Lollipop 5.0 – 5.1.1 November 12, 2014
Marshmallow 6.0 – 6.0.1 October 5, 2015
7.0 August 22, 2016
Nougat
7.1.1 – 7.1.2 December 5, 2016
Oreo 8.0 – 8.1 August 21, 2017
26
Pie 9.0 August 6, 2018
Android 10 10.0 September 3, 2019

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SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ubuntu is a Linux distribution based on Debian

mostly composed of free and open-source
software. Ubuntu is officially released in three
Ans-c editions: Desktop, Server, and Core for Internet
of things devices and robots.

All the editions can run on the computer alone,

or in a virtual machine.

Ans-d

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Ans-d

SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-a Ans-4

Ans-4 Ans-c 28

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COMPUTER SOFTWARE & LANGUAGE

SIRJEE CLASSES

Computer software, or simply software, is a

collection of data or computer instructions
that tell the computer how to work and what
to work.

Software is a interface between user and

computer.

It is responsible for controlling, integrating

and managing the hardware components of a
computer system.

Software cant be touched or feel but it is

effected by virus. 29

TYPES OF SOFTWARE
SIRJEE CLASSES

Software can be divided into two major

categories.

1. System Software.
2. Application Software.

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System Software
SIRJEE CLASSES

System software consists of several programs, which are directly

responsible for controlling, integrating and managing the individual
hardware components of a computer system.

It also provides the interface between the user and component of the
computer.

The purpose of system software is to insulate the applications

programmer as much as possible from the detail of the particular
complex computer being used.

Depending on the functionality, the system software can be further

divided into two major categories:-

1. System management program. 31

2. Developing software.

1. System Management Program:

SIRJEE CLASSES

It includes an integrated system of programs, which manages the

operations of the processor, controls input/output, manages storage
resources and provides various support services.
Some common examples of system management programs are:
1. operating system (MS-DOS, windows XP/2000/98, UNIX, LINUX)
2. device driver ( printer software, pen tablet software).
3. system utilities.
2. Developing Software
It is a software which provides service required for the development
and execution of application software. They are:-

1. The programming languages.

2. language translator.
3. loader.
4. Linker. 32

These are required for the application software development.

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1.Programming Languages
SIRJEE CLASSES

A programming language is a primary interface of a programmer with a

computer. A programming language is an artificial language to express
computation that can be performed by a computer.

Programming languages are divided into two categories:-

1. Low Level Language (LLL).

2. High Level Language (HLL).
1.Low Level Language (LLL)

1. Machine Language: It is sometimes, referred to as machine code

or object code. It is a collection of binary digits or bits that
computer reads and interprets.

2. Assembly Language: It is used to interface with computer 33

hardware. It uses English –like mnemonics code to write a program.

2. High Level Language (HLL)

SIRJEE CLASSES
It is machine independent language and uses translator. It is also
called source code. Some commonly used high level languages are:-

1. C & C++ 2. BASIC, 3. FORTRAN, 4. PASCAL, etc.

Some Object oriented based programming language:-

1. Python
2. Java
3. C++
4. Ruby
5. Scala
6. PHP

Ans-b
34

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Some High level language

SIRJEE CLASSES

35

SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-2

Ans-b
Ans-1
36

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2. LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR
SIRJEE CLASSES

A language translator helps in converting programming languages

to machine language. The translated program is called the object
code. There are three different kinds of language translator:-

1. Assembler:- It is used to convert the assembly language into

machine language (i.e.,0 or 1), This language consists of mnemonic
codes which are difficult to learn and is machine dependent.

2. Compiler:- It is used to convert the source code (written in high

level language) into machine language. Compiler reads whole source
code at a time and trap the errors and inform to programmer.

3.Interpreter:- This language processor converts a high level language

program into machine language by converting it line-by-line.

If there is any error in any line during execution, it will report it at 37

the same time and cannot resume until the error is rectified.

Application Software
SIRJEE CLASSES

Application software is a computer software designed to help the user

to perform singular or multiple tasks.

It is a set of instructions or program designed for specific uses or

applications, that enable the user to interact with a computer.

Application software are also called the end-user programs. These

programs do the real work for users.

There are two types of application software.

1. General Purpose Software

2. Specific purpose software
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1. General Purpose Software

SIRJEE CLASSES

General purpose software’s are designed to perform general

tasks.
I. Word Processing Software
E.g.,
Microsoft Word , WordPerfect (Windows only),
Appleworks
II. Presentation software
e.g., IV. Database Management System
Microsoft PowerPoint, (DBMS)
Corel presentations,
e.g.,
III. Electronic Spreadsheets Microsoft Access,
E.g., Corel Paradox
Microsoft Excel,
39
Corel Quattro Pro,
Lotus 1-2-3

SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-d

Ans-c

40
Ans-d

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SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-1

Ans-2

The first commercially available language was

FORTRAN (FORmula TRANslation), developed in
1956 (first manual appeared in 1956, but first
Ans-3 41
developed in 1954) by a team led by John Backus
at IBM.

SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-2

Ans-4

Ans-2

42

Ans-1

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MICROSOFT (MS) OFFICE

SIRJEE CLASSES

Microsoft Office was developed by Microsoft in

1980s .

It is a collection of software, based on specific

purpose and mainly used in office work.

There are 5 packages of MS Office:-

1. MS Word (word processing software).

2. MS Excel (tabular data formatting software).

3. MS PowerPoint (presentation software).

4. MS Access (database management software).
5. MS Outlook ( email client).
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Operating system: Microsoft Windows.

VARIOUS DATA REPRESENTATION

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-a

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SIRJEE CLASSES

NETWORKING/COMPUTER NETWORK
Computer network SIRJEE CLASSES

Computer network is a collection of two or more

computers, which are connected together to
share information and resources.

It is a combination of hardware and software

that allows communication between computers
over a network. The computers may be
connected through any data communication
link, like wires, cables, satellite links and other
communication media.

ARPANET stands for advanced research project

agency network.

ARPANET was the first network developed by Robert kahn and

Vinton cart in 1969.

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TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORK

SIRJEE CLASSES
On the basis of geogrophical area connection, computer
network are:-

1. PAN 2. LAN
3. CAN 4. MAN
5. WAN

1. Personal area network (PAN)

PAN refers to a small network of

communication. these are used in few
Limited range, which is in reachability of
individual person.

Ex- bluetooth, wireless USB, Zig Bee.

Its range is 10 metre distance area.

2. LAN (LOCAL AREA NETWORK)

SIRJEE CLASSES

2. Local area network (LAN)

It is a small and single-site network.

A LAN connect network devices over

relatively short distance.

It is a system in which computers are

interconnected in the geographical areas
such as home, office, buildings, school
may be within a building to 1 kilometre.

Ehernet:- a system of connecting a number of system to form a LAN.

IEEE 802.3 :- A type of ethernet standard.

Wi-fi (wireless fidelity) is an example.

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3. CAN (campus area network)

Network area within a campus SIRJEE CLASSES

all are connected together.

Network may be upto 2-3 km.

4. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

It is a Data network design for a town or city.

It connects an area larger than a LAN, but

smaller than a WAN, such as a city, with
dedicated or high performance hardware.

Its main purpose is to share hardware and

software resources by the various users.

Cable TV network is an example of Metropolitan

Area Network.

5. WAN (wide area network)

SIRJEE CLASSES
A WAN is a geographically dispersed collection
of LANs. A WAN like the internet spans most of
the world.

Network device called a router connects LANs

to WAN.

Ans-2

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SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-b

Ans-b

Ans-c

OSI MODEL/LAYER

SIRJEE CLASSES

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OSI LAYER & FUNCTION OF EACH OSI LAYER

SIRJEE CLASSES

GATEWAY

GATEWAY

GATEWAY

GATEWAY

ROUTER

SWITCH,
BRIDGE
HUB,
REPEATER

SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-1

Ans-d

Ans-2

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NETWORK DEVICES

Network devices are required to 1. Repeater SIRJEE CLASSES

amplify the signal, to restore the

original strength of signal and to Repeater is device that operates
provide an interface to connect only on the physical layer of OSI
multiple computers in a network. model.

Network devices are:- Repeaters have two ports and can

connect two segments of a LAN.
1. Repeater
2. Hub It amplifies the weak signals when
3. Gateway they are transported over long
4. Switch distance so that the signal can be as
5. Bridge strong as original signal.
6. Router
7. Modem
8. RJ11 connector
9. Ethernet card

NETWORK DEVICES
SIRJEE CLASSES

It is multiport device.
Forwarding.
No Filtering.

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NETWORK DEVICES
SIRJEE CLASSES

It reduce network traffic.

NETWORK DEVICES
SIRJEE CLASSES

It is 2 port
device.

1. Forwarding- it forward by reading the

MAC address.

2. Filtering-yes it can filter traffic, because of MAC address.

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NETWORK DEVICES
ROUTER SIRJEE CLASSES

1. It is used to connect two different networks.

Network Network
A B

Routing table

2. It can check MAC address (because it can work at

lower layer) and also IP address.

3. forwarding-it can forward packets in particular

direction.
4. Flooding- if router cannot decide which direction to send then it
send in all direction.
5. Filtering- yes router can stop packet from forwarding using its
routing table.

NETWORK DEVICES
Gateway SIRJEE CLASSES

A gateway is an interconnecting device, which joins two

different network protocols together.
It holds the information from a website temporarily, so
that the repeated access to same website or web page
could be directed to the proxy server instead of actual
web server. Thus helps in reducing the traffic load.
The gateway is a node in a network which serves as
a proxy server and a firewall system and prevents
the unauthorised access.
Modem
Modem is a device that converts digital signal to analog
signal (modulator) at the sender’s site and converts back
analog signal to digital signal (demodulator) at the
receiver’s end, in order to make communication possible
via telephone lines.
A MODEM is always placed betweeen a telephone line
and, a computer.

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SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

An Ethernet network bridge is a device

which connects two different local area
networks together into one extended
Ethernet.
Ans-a For this both networks must connect
using the same Ethernet protocol.

Ans-b

Ans-b

TRANSMISSION MEDIA
SIRJEE CLASSES

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Transmission medium
SIRJEE CLASSES

OPTICAL FIBRE CABLE (OFC)

 Optical Fibre Cable – SIRJEE CLASSES

It uses the concept of reflection of light through a core made up of glass or plastic. The core is
surrounded by a less dense glass or plastic covering called the cladding. It is used for
transmission of large volumes of data.

Advantages:
 Increased capacity and bandwidth.
 Light weight.
 Less signal attenuation.
 Immunity to electromagnetic interference.
 Resistance to corrosive materials.

Disadvantages:
 Difficult to install and maintain.
 High cost.
 Fragile.
 unidirectional, ie, will need another fibre, if we need bidirectional communication.

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DATA TRANSMISSION MODES

SIRJEE CLASSES

Communication between two devices can be:-

1. Simplex
2. Half-duplex
3. Full-duplex.
1. simplex mode
In simplex mode, the communication is
unidirectional, as on a one-way street.

Only one of the two devices on a link can

transmit; the other can only receive.

Keyboards and traditional monitors.

The keyboard can only introduce input; the monitor can only accept output.

The simplex mode can use the entire capacity of the channel to send data in one
direction.

2. Half-duplex
SIRJEE CLASSES

In half-duplex mode, each station can both transmit

and receive, but not at the same time.

When one device is sending, the other can only

receive, and vice versa.

Walkie-talkies and CB (citizens band) radios are

both half-duplex systems.

The half-duplex mode is used in cases where there is

no need for communication in both directions at the
same time

the entire capacity of the channel can be utilized for

each direction.

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3. Full-Duplex:
SIRJEE CLASSES

In full-duplex both stations can transmit and receive

simultaneously.

 In full-duplex mode, signals going in one direction

share the capacity of the link: with signals going in the
other direction.

One common example of full-duplex communication

is the telephone network.When two people are
communicating by a telephone line, both can talk and
listen at the same time.

 The full-duplex mode is used when communication

in both directions is required all the time.

The capacity of the channel, however, must be

divided between the two directions.

SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Communication mode which supports data in both directions at

the same time is called?

a. simplex
b. Full duplex
c. Half duplex
d. multiplex a. Simplex b. half duplex c. full duplex
Ans-b
Routing is done on which layer?
Which performs modulation and
demodulation?
a. Datalink Layer
b. Session Layer a. Modem
c. Network layer Ans-c b. Fiber optic
c. satellite
Ans-a
d. Transport Layer
The network layer is responsible for packet forwarding d. coaxial cable
including routing through intermediate routers.

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SSC JE PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-1

UDP is a connectionless
protocol. No connection
needs to be established
between the source and
destination before you
Ans-2 transmit data.

SIRJEE CLASSES

SIRJEE CLASSES

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INTERNET
Internet stands for international Network, which SIRJEE CLASSES

began in 1950’s by Vint curf he is known as father of

the internet.

The term internet is derived from two words-

interconnections and networks, also referred to as
NET.

Internet is a network of networks that consists

millions of private and public network of local to
global scope.

Network is a group of two or more computer systems

linked together.

Internet help us in communication, information,

business, social networking, shopping entertainment,
job searching and e-commerce.

INTERCONNECTING PROTOCOLS
SIRJEE CLASSES
A protocol is a set of rules that governs the data
communication.

A protocol defines what is communicated, how it is TCP/IP MODEL

communicated and when it is communicated.

APPLICATION
LAYER
Some protocols used are:-
TRANSPORT
LAYER
1. TCP/IP Protocol- (commonly used for the internet).
INTERNET LAYER
TCP/IP provides end-to-end
connectivity specifying how
NETWORK ACCESS
data should be formatted, LAYER
addressed, transmitted, routed
& received at the destination.

2. FTP (file transfer protocol)-for trasfering,uploading

files.

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INTERCONNECTING PROTOCOLS
SIRJEE CLASSES
3. HTTP (hyper text transfer protocol)-

It defines how messages are formated,

transmitted and what action should be
taken by the web servers & browsers in
respone to various commands.

When we enter URL in web browser it

sends an HTTP command to the web
server directing it to fetch and transmit
the requested page. A typical URL could have the form

http://www.example.com/index.html

We all use URLs to visit webpages and which indicates a protocol (http),
other resources on the web.
a hostname (www.example.com),

and a file name (index.html).

INTERCONNECTING PROTOCOLS
4. HTML (hyper text mark-up language)- SIRJEE CLASSES

used for designing web pages (web page

format & displayed).

It tells the web browser how to display a web

page’s words and images for the user.

5. Telnet (terminal network)

It enable the internet user for remote login.

Telnet is a TCP/IP protocol for accessing remote computers. Through Telnet, an

administrator or another user can access someone else's computer remotely. On
the Web, HTTP and FTP protocols allow you to request specific files from
remote computers, but not to actually be logged on as a user of that computer.

With Telnet, you log on as a regular user with whatever privileges you may have
been granted to the specific application and data on that computer.

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SERVICES OF INTERNET
SIRJEE CLASSES

1. Downloading and uploading files from/to sites.

2. Online chat.
3. E-mail
4. Video conferencing.
5. E-learning.
6. E-banking. Ans-1
7. E-shopping
8. E-reservation.
9. Social networking.
10. E-commerce.

Ans-b

SSC JE PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

What are the uses of the internet?

TCP stands for:
(A) Communication
(B) Information Retrieval (A) Tools Control Protocol
(C) Presentation of Information (B) Transmission Control Protocol
(C) Transfer Control Protocol
(D) All of the Above
Ans-d (D) None of these
Ans-b
In order to use cable for browsing web
you will need:

(A) A cable modems

(B) Network Interface Card (NIC)
(C) Both of Above Ans-b
(D) None of These Ans-c 76

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E-mail (electronic mail)

Invented by Ray Tomlinson. SIRJEE CLASSES

Email is the electronic version of sending and receiving

letter. Electronic mail allow us to send and receive messages
in electronic form.

Email is transmitted between computer system according

to certain internet protocols or rules for exchanging
E-mail.

A user must have email address to Use email, which consists

Of two parts swparated by @ symbol.
[email protected]
username host name( Domain name)

Spaces are not allowed within email address. 77

E-mail (electronic mail)

SIRJEE CLASSES
CC stands for carbon copy. Email addresses in this
field will receive a copy of the email. CC is done just to
keep the recipients informed about the matter that
sender and recipients in To field are discussing through
email. Boss, Manager, employee

BCC stands for blind carbon copy. This field is almost

same as the CC field with only difference being that none
of the recipients will know who else was sent a BCC copy
of the email.

BCC is generally used when you want to send bulk email.

For example, if you want to send some information to 400
people, it would be inappropriate to put all the email IDs
in To or CC field.
78

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SSC JE PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-a

Ans-d

Ans-3

79
Ray Tomlinson is universally credited as the creator of email as part of a program for ARPANET in 1971.
Meanwhile in 1978, a 14-year-old boy, Shiva Ayyadurai began his work on an email system for the
University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey.

WEBSITE
A website is a collection of web pages (documents SIRJEE CLASSES

that are accessed through the Internet),that follow

the same theme and are connected together with
hyperlinks is called a website.
A web page can contain any type of information,
and can include text, color, graphics, animation
and sound.
In other words, a website is a collection of digital
documents, which is basically a HTML files, that
are linked together.

Websites and web pages are written in a coding

language that makes it possible to add pictures,
sound.
http://www.facebook.com website
http://www.facebook.com/profile webpage 80

First page of a website is called home page.

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WEB ADDRESS OR URL

SIRJEE CLASSES
It is address of a website, file, or document, in the general
format:- http://www.address/directories/filename
http://www.facebook.com/services/profile

Every computer connected to the internet has its unique

web address, without which it cannot be reached by other
computers.
On the, web addresses are called URL(uniform resource
locator).
Most web browsers display the URL of a web page above the page in
an address bar.
A typical URL could have the form
http://www.facebook.com/index.html
(http)-protocol
(www)- indicate that web page is part of world wide web
(facebook.com)-domain name & indicates unique address of a website. 81
(index.html)-file name

DOMAIN NAME
SIRJEE CLASSES
Domain is a group of network resources
assigned to a group of users.

A domain name is a way to identify and locate

computers connected to the internet.

Domain name is always unique & has two or

more parts, separated by dots.
ex- google.com, yahoo.com
Domain abbreviation

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WEB BROWSER
It is a software application used to locate, SIRJEE CLASSES

retrieve and display content on the World Wide

Web, including webpages, images, video and
other files.
Purpose of web browser

1. Connect to a server and sends request for

information

2. Receives the information and then displays

it on users computers.

Types of web browser

1. Text web browser (text-based information).
2. Graphical web browser (text and graphic).
83
Note:-
NCSA Mosaic (1st graphical web browser)

BROWSER EXAMPLES
Some popular web browsers are:- SIRJEE CLASSES

1. Netscape navigator- it is one of the original web

browser.
2. Internet explorer (IE)- product of microsoft.

3. Firefox- new browser derived from Mozilla.

4. Google chrome- Developed by google.

5. Safari- developed by apple included in Mac OS

6. Opera- smaller and faster than most other
browsers.
7. Slimjet brower
8. Maxthon
9. SlimBrowser
10. Netsurf browser
11. Macweb
12. UC browser

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 10/9/2020

SSC JE PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-2

Ans-c

Ans-a 85
Ans-3

COOKIES
SIRJEE CLASSES

BOOKMARKS

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SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-2
Ans-3

Ans-1

Ans-2 87

Ans-3

MALWARE ATTACKS ON COMPUTER

SIRJEE CLASSES
Malware is an unwanted software that any unauthorised person
want to run on your computer.
It includes:-
1. Worms 2. computer virus
3. trojan/trojan horse, 4. spyware etc.

1. worms
It is a computer program that replicates itself
in order to spread to other computers.

worms almost always cause atleast some harm to

the network, even if only by consuming bandwidth,
where as virus almost always corrupt or modify
files on a targeted computer.
worms are hard to detect because they are invisible 88
files.

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2. COMPUTER VIRUS
SIRJEE CLASSES

VIRUS-vital information resource under siege.

Computer virus is a small software program that spreads

from one computer to another and that interferes with
computer operation.

It obtains the control of a PC and directs it to perform

unusual and often destructive actions.

Viruses are copied itself and attached itself to other

programs which further spread the infection.

The virus can affect or attack any part of the computer

software such as:-
Boot block Files 89
Operating system Application program

3. TROJAN/TROJAN HORSE
SIRJEE CLASSES

It is a non- self- replicating type of Malware

which appears to perform a desirable function
but instead facilitates unauthorised access to the
users computer system.
Trojans Do not attempt to inject themselves
into other files like a computer virus.

Trojan Horses may Steal information, or harm

their host computer systems.

Trojan Horse install via online games or internet

driven application in order to reach the target
computers.
It is non-replicating in nature.
90
e.g., beast, zeroAccess Rootkit etc.

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4. SPYWARE
Spyware is program which is installed on a computer SIRJEE CLASSES

system to spy on the system owner's activity and collects

all the information which is misused afterwards.
Spyware can transmit personal information to another
person's computer over the internet.

Spyware can harm in many ways like:-

1. Steal your password.

2. Observe your browsing choices.
3. Redirect your web browser to phishing pages.
4. Can alter your computer settings ( web browser,
home page settings or placement of your desktop
icon).

e.g., cool web search, FinFisher, 91

SOME OTHER THREATS TO COMPUTER

1. SPOOFING SIRJEE CLASSES

Spoofing is a technique to access the unauthorised

data without concerning to the authorised user
over the network.
It pretend to be someone one is not.

2. HACKING

It is Act of intruding into someone else's computer

or network.

It prevents The authorised users from accessing

the resources of the computer.
92
Hacker is someone who does the hacking process.

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SOME OTHER THREATS TO COMPUTER

3. PHISHING
SIRJEE CLASSES

It is an attempt to fraudulently acquire sensitive

information such as passwords, credit cards details,
etc by masquerading as a trustworthy person.
Phishing messages usually take the form of fake
notifications from bank providers, e-pay systems
and other organisation.
It is a type of internet fraud that seeks to acquire
a user's credential by deception.

4. SPAM
It is an act of sending unsolicited bulk messages in
the form of emails.

It is a subset of electronic spam involving nearly

93
identical messages sent to numerous recipient by
emails.

SOLUTIONS TO COMPUTER SECURITY

SIRJEE CLASSES
Some safeguards or solutions to protect computer system from
unauthorised access and threats are:-

1. Antivirus software

Antivirus software is a application software that are designed to

prevent, search for, detect and remove viruses and other malicious
software like worms, trojans, adware and more.

Popular antivirus software are

Avast
K7 Norton
AVG Trend micro
Kaspersky McAfree
Quick Heal Symantec
94

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SOLUTIONS TO COMPUTER SECURITY

5. firewall SIRJEE CLASSES

A firewall can either be software based or

hardware based and is used to help in keeping a
network secure.

Its primary objective is to control the incoming

and outgoing network traffic by analyzing the
data packets and determining whether it
should be allowed through or not, based on
predetermined rule set.

A networks Firewall builds a bridge between

Internal network that is assumed to be secure
and another network, usually an external
network, such as the internet, that is not 95
assumed to be secure and trusted.

SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-3

Ans-2

96
Ans-1

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 10/9/2020

SSC ALL PREVIOUS COMPUTER QUESTIONS

SIRJEE CLASSES

Ans-1

Ans-1

97

SIRJEE CLASSES

49