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PDF Document 35

This document discusses different geometric shapes and concepts. It defines polygons as two-dimensional shapes with straight sides that can be classified by the number of sides. It also discusses properties of polygons like whether they are simple, complex, convex, concave, regular, or irregular. The document then covers three-dimensional solids like polyhedra, platonic solids, prisms, pyramids, spheres, cylinders, cones, and tori. It provides examples of different shapes and defines concepts like Euler's formula that relates the number of faces, vertices and edges of polyhedra.

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Adams Baker
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36 views20 pages

PDF Document 35

This document discusses different geometric shapes and concepts. It defines polygons as two-dimensional shapes with straight sides that can be classified by the number of sides. It also discusses properties of polygons like whether they are simple, complex, convex, concave, regular, or irregular. The document then covers three-dimensional solids like polyhedra, platonic solids, prisms, pyramids, spheres, cylinders, cones, and tori. It provides examples of different shapes and defines concepts like Euler's formula that relates the number of faces, vertices and edges of polyhedra.

Uploaded by

Adams Baker
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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GEOMETRIC DESIGNS

Learning Objectives :

At the end of the lesson, you are expected to:


• apply geometric concepts in describing and
creating designs
• contribute to the enrichment of the Filipino culture
and the arts using the concepts.
RECOGNIZING AND ANALYZING GEOMETRIC SHAPES

Geometric shapes have fascinated many people


throughout history in the fields of art, science, engineering,
interior designing and many other professionals.
Mathematicians have constructed ideal representations of
these shapes and developed methods in obtaining the
measurement of lengths (one-dimension), areas
(two-dimension) and volume (three-dimensions).
Polygons:
• a polygon is a two-dimensional shape
with straight sides.
• can be classified according to the number
of its sides.
• polygons are either simple or complex.
• A simple polygon has only one boundary and never
crosses over itself
• a complex polygon intersects itself.

Simple (Pentagon) Complex (Pentagon)


Polygons are either concave or convex.
• a convex polygon has no angles pointing inward. More
precisely, no internal angles can be more than 180o
• If any internal angles are greater than 180o, it is a
concave.

convex concave
Polygons are eithe regular or irregular.
• If all angles are equal and all sides are equal, it is regular.
• If all angles and all sides were not equal, it is irregular.

Regular Irregular
• The interior angles of a polygon are the angles inside
the shape.
• a polygon with n sides, the sum of the internal angles is
equal to (n-2) x 180o /n .
• the sum of the interior angles of a polygon is 360
degrees.
• the interior and exterior angles of each vertex on a
polygon add up to 180 degrees.
SHAPE NO. OF SIDES SUM OF INTERNAL MEASUREMENT OF
ANGLES EACH ANGLES FOR
REGULAR POLYGON

Triangle 3 1800 60o


Quadrilateral 4 3600 900

Pentagon 5 5400 1080

Hexagon 6 7200 1200


: : : :

any polygon n (n-2) x 180o (n-2) x 180o /n .


• a solid or form is the geometry of three-dimensional space,
the kind of space we live in.
• It is called 3D because there are 3 dimensions- the width,
depth and height.
• there are two main types solids ,namely: Polyhedra and
Non-Polyhedra
• A polyhedron is a solid made of flat surfaces;each face is a
polygon, like the platonic solids, prisms and pyramids.
• Non-polyhedra are solids with curved surfaces, or a mix of curved
and flat surfaces, such as spheres, cylinders, cones and torus.
• Platonic solid is a convex polyhedron whose faces are all congruent
convex regular polygons. None of their faces intersect except at
their edges, and it has the same number of faces that meet at each
of its vertices.
• there are five platonic solids, namely;
1. Tetrahedron - 4 faces, 4 vertices, 6 edges
2. Cube - 6 faces, 8 vertices, 12 edges
3. Octahedron - 8 faces, 6 vertices, 12 edges
4. Dodecahedron - 12 faces, 20 vertices, 30 edges
5. Icosahedron - 20 faces, 12 vertices, 30 edges
Euler's Formula - deals with shapes called polyhedra
F+V-E=2
where:
F = no. of faces
V = no. of vertices or corners
E = no. of edges
• The Euler's formula works on the platonic solids
POLYHEDRON FACES VERTICES EDGES F+V-E = 2

Tetrahedron 4 4 6 4+4=8 -6 = 2

Cube 6 8 12 6+8-12=2

Octahedron 8 6 12 8+6-12 =2

Dodecahedron 12 20 30 12+20-30=2

Icosahedron 20 12 30 20+12 -30 =2


Prism - is a polyhedron whose sides are all flat. It has the same cross
section all along its length, and its shape is a polygon.
Some examples of Prism:
1. Square prism
2. Triangular prism
• Square and triangular prisms are classified as regular prisms
because the cross section is a regular polygon.
• an irregular prism is one whose cross section is an irregular
polygon.
Pyramid - is a polyhedron made by connecting a base to an apex.
Some ex. of pyramid:
1. Triangular pyramid
2. Square pyramid

3. Pentagonal Pyramid
Sphere - is a perfectly round object in a three-dimensional space.

Cylinder - is a three-dimensional solid object bounded by a curved


surface and two parallel circles of equal size at the ends.
Torus - is a solid formed by revolving a small circle along a line made
by another circle.

Cone - is made by rotating triangle.

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