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Physics 05-04 Archimedes Principle

This document discusses Archimedes' principle and buoyancy. It defines Archimedes' principle as the upward buoyant force on an object immersed in a fluid being equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. It states that an object will float if its average density is less than the fluid's density. Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of an object's density to the fluid's density, with values less than 1 causing an object to float and values greater than 1 causing it to sink. Example problems are provided to calculate buoyant forces, densities, and fractions submerged for various objects in fluids.

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Vidal Sarwan
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56 views2 pages

Physics 05-04 Archimedes Principle

This document discusses Archimedes' principle and buoyancy. It defines Archimedes' principle as the upward buoyant force on an object immersed in a fluid being equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. It states that an object will float if its average density is less than the fluid's density. Specific gravity is defined as the ratio of an object's density to the fluid's density, with values less than 1 causing an object to float and values greater than 1 causing it to sink. Example problems are provided to calculate buoyant forces, densities, and fractions submerged for various objects in fluids.

Uploaded by

Vidal Sarwan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Physics 05-04 Archimedes’ Principle Name: _____________________________

Archimedes’ Principle
All fluids push things __________________ because the pressure is ____________________ at greater __________________
The upward force is ____________________ force
𝐹𝐵 = 𝑚𝑔 = 𝑊𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑

Archimedes’ Principle
____________________ force = ____________________ of the displaced ____________________
𝑭𝑩 = 𝑾𝒇𝒍
 If buoyant force ____________________ gravity, then it ____________________
 If buoyant force ____________________ gravity, then it ____________________
 An object will ____________________ if its average density ____________________ density of the fluid
 In other words, it will float if it _____________________ more fluid than its own __________________

Specific Gravity
𝜌
𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦 = = fraction submerged
𝜌𝑓𝑙
 If specific gravity ____________________ 1 it ____________________
 If specific gravity ____________________ 1 it ____________________
An ice cube is floating in a glass of fresh water. The cube is 3 cm on each side. If the cube is floating so a flat face is facing up,
what is the distance between the top of the cube and the water?
h

A man tied a bunch of helium balloons to a lawn chair and flew to a great altitude. If a single balloon is estimated as a sphere
with a radius of 20 cm and is filled with helium, what is the net force on one balloon?

How many balloons would be required to lift a 80 kg man and chair?

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with OpenStax College Physics
Physics 05-04 Archimedes’ Principle Name: _____________________________
Homework
1. Do fluids exert buoyant forces in a “weightless” environment, such as in the space shuttle? Explain your answer.
2. Will the same ship float higher in salt water than in freshwater? Explain your answer.
3. Marbles dropped into a partially filled bathtub sink to the bottom. Part of their weight is supported by buoyant force, yet
the downward force on the bottom of the tub increases by exactly the weight of the marbles. Explain why.
4. Logs sometimes float vertically in a lake because one end has become water-logged and denser than the other. What is the
average density of a uniform-diameter log that floats with 20.0% of its length above water? (OpenStax 11.37) 800 kg/m3
5. Find the density of a fluid in which a hydrometer having a density of 0.750 g/mL floats with 92.0% of its volume
submerged. (OpenStax 11.38) 815 kg/m3
6. If your body has a density of 995 kg/m3, what fraction of you will be submerged when floating gently in: (a) Freshwater?
(b) Salt water, which has a density of 1027 kg/m3? (OpenStax 11.39) 99.5% submerged, 96.8% submerged
7. Bird bones have air pockets in them to reduce their weight—this also gives them an average density significantly less than
that of the bones of other animals. Suppose an ornithologist weighs a bird bone in air and in water and finds its mass is
45.0 g and its apparent mass when submerged is 3.60 g (the bone is watertight). (a) What mass of water is displaced? (b)
What is the volume of the bone? (c) What is its average density? (OpenStax 11.40) 41.4 g, 41.4 cm3, 1.09 g/cm3
8. A rock with a mass of 540 g in air is found to have an apparent mass of 342 g when submerged in water. (a) What mass of
water is displaced? (b) What is the volume of the rock? (c) What is its average density? Is this consistent with the value for
granite? (OpenStax 11.41) 198 g, 198 cm3, 2.73 g/cm3
9. Some fish have a density slightly less than that of water and must exert a force (swim) to stay submerged. What force must
an 85.0-kg grouper exert to stay submerged in salt water if its body density is 1015 kg/m3? (OpenStax 11.44) 8.21 N
10. A twin-sized air mattress used for camping has dimensions of 100 cm by 200 cm by 15 cm when blown up. The weight of
the mattress is 2 kg. How heavy a person could the air mattress hold if it is placed in freshwater? (OpenStax 11.51) 2920 N
11. A duck is floating on a lake with 25% of its volume beneath the water. What is the average density of the duck? (Cutnell
11.38) 250 kg/m3
12. Only a small part of an iceberg protrudes above the water, while the bulk lies below the surface. The density of ice is 917
kg/m3 and that of seawater is 1025 kg/m3. Find the percentage of the iceberg’s volume that lies below the surface. (Cutnell
11.40) 89.5%

Created by Richard Wright – Andrews Academy To be used with OpenStax College Physics

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