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WEEK 2 - Introduction To Operating System

An operating system acts as an interface between the user, application software, and computer hardware. It manages computer resources like the processor, memory, storage, and I/O devices. Common operating systems include MS-DOS, Windows, Linux, and Unix. The kernel controls resources while the shell interacts with the user. Operating systems perform functions like job scheduling, interrupt handling, memory management, error handling, and I/O handling. They are classified based on number of concurrent tasks, users, and type of user interface.

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Erickson Barrientos
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35 views

WEEK 2 - Introduction To Operating System

An operating system acts as an interface between the user, application software, and computer hardware. It manages computer resources like the processor, memory, storage, and I/O devices. Common operating systems include MS-DOS, Windows, Linux, and Unix. The kernel controls resources while the shell interacts with the user. Operating systems perform functions like job scheduling, interrupt handling, memory management, error handling, and I/O handling. They are classified based on number of concurrent tasks, users, and type of user interface.

Uploaded by

Erickson Barrientos
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Introduction to Operating System (OS)

Definition

OPERATING SYSTEMS

 Is a software that acts as an interface between the user, application software


and the computer hardware

EXAPMLE OF OPERATING SYSTEM

1. Microsoft Disk operating system ( Ms DOS)


2. Windows ( 98, 2000, XP, vista)
3. Linux
4. Unix

PARTS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

1. Shell – it is the outer part of an operating system and it is responsible of


interacting with the operating system
2. Kernel – Responsible for managing and controlling computer resources such
as the processor, main memory, storage devices, input devices, output
devices and communication devices

RESOURCE UNER THE OPERATING SYSTEM CONTROL

 The processor
 Main memory
 Input/Output Device
 Secondary storage devices
 Communication devices and ports

FUNCTIONS OF OPERATING SYSTEM

1. Job scheduling

– it is the process of the operating system to keep list of jobs currently being run by
the computer and clocking them in and out of the processor.

1. Interrupt handling
 It is a break from the normal sequential processing of instructions in a
program

1. Resource control and allocation

 It is situation where the processor gives a computer resources a unique


number called interrupt number so that it can be able to recognize and
prioritize it.

1. Memory Management

 It is where the operating system constantly assigns main memory storage


partitions to data an instructions

1. Error handling

 It is a situation whereby an operating system alerts the user of errors that


arises in ease of illegal operations, hardware or software failure.

1. Input/output handling

NOTE

What is interrupt request?

 Is a unique number that is given to a resource for identification purposes

What is the importance of interrupt computer

 To enable urgent tasks/ processes to b given the first priority during program
execution

What is virtual memory

 Part of the hard disk that acts as maim memory


 Operating system organizes the main memory in blocks called page frames.
The processes are divided into partitions that can fit in a page. The operating
system swaps these pages between the main memory and the hard disk. The
part of the hard disk where these pages are held in the virtual memory.

What is a deadlock
 Is where a particular task holds resources and refuses to release it for othe
tasks to use.

CLASSIFICATION OF OPERATING SYSTEM

They are classified into three ways/types:-

1. According to the number of tasks handled concurrently

 Single task – one task is operated at a any given time


 Multi-Task – More than one task is processed apparently simultaneously

1. According to the number of users

 Single user – Single (One) user operates a computer at any given time
 Multi user – More than one user can operate the computer at the same
time

1. Human computer interface / G U I

 Interaction between the computer and the user.

1. Command line – The user types the commands at the command prompt to
activate them by pressing the enter key

Advantages

 Fast in operation by experienced users


 flexible
 Use Less memory
 Don’t require expensive hardware

Disadvantages

- Hard to learn and understand

- Not user friendly

- If you mistype or forgot the syntax of writing the command, you cannot
operate it
- Difficult to learn

- Difficult to move information from one application to another

- Difficult to design and produce printed reports

- Do not support multi-users and multi-task

1. Menu driven – The user is provided with a list of menu to choose from

Advantages

 More user friendly than command line


 More easier to learn and understand
 Eliminates the problem of forgetting the syntax of command since
commands are provided for you

Disadvantages

 Slow to operate
 Not flexible

1. Graphical User Interface(GUI) – The user interacts with the computer using
icons and menus and select them using pointer

Advantages

- It is easy to learn and operate

- They make it easy to exchange information between application

- Reduce the user training time and cost due to their inform mode of operation

- It is more user friendly

- Supports multi user and multi task

Disadvantages

 Cost of GUI supporting hardware is higher


 Many objects on the GUI confuse new computer users
 - Require faster processors that are more expensive
WINDOW as used in operating system

Is a rectangular object created on a screen by operating system to contain input or


output data for a particular program

PROPERTIES OF A WINDOW

 Title bar
 Display/ working area
 Horizontal and vertical scrolls bars
 Menu bars
 Status bar
 Tool bar

TYPES OF MENUS

1. Pop up menu
2. Pop down menu
3. Sub menu( Cascading/ Side kick menu)

COMPUTER FILES

Are classifies into types :-

1. System Files

Are files that contain information that is critical to the operations of the computer

1. Application Files

Are files that holds programs or application files

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