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    Week 2 - Introduction To Statics

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    Adhwa Nabil
    Statics deals with bodies at rest, while dynamics deals with bodies in motion. Mechanics can be divided into statics, dynamics, and other fields. It describes and predicts the conditions of rest and motion of bodies based on forces. Calculations in mechanics require careful consideration of units of measurement such as length, time, and mass, as well as numerical accuracy and rounding.

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    Week 2 - Introduction To Statics

    Uploaded by

    Adhwa Nabil
    37 views7 pages
    Statics deals with bodies at rest, while dynamics deals with bodies in motion. Mechanics can be divided into statics, dynamics, and other fields. It describes and predicts the conditions of rest and motion of bodies based on forces. Calculations in mechanics require careful consideration of units of measurement such as length, time, and mass, as well as numerical accuracy and rounding.

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    Statics Upm Lecture Note

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    WEEK 2 - INTRODUCTION TO STATICS

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    Statics deals with bodies at rest, while dynamics deals with bodies in motion. Mechanics can be divided into statics, dynamics, and other fields. It describes and predicts the conditions of rest and motion of bodies based on forces. Calculations in mechanics require careful consideration of units of measurement such as length, time, and mass, as well as numerical accuracy and rounding.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    37 views7 pages

    Week 2 - Introduction To Statics

    Uploaded by

    Adhwa Nabil
    Statics deals with bodies at rest, while dynamics deals with bodies in motion. Mechanics can be divided into statics, dynamics, and other fields. It describes and predicts the conditions of rest and motion of bodies based on forces. Calculations in mechanics require careful consideration of units of measurement such as length, time, and mass, as well as numerical accuracy and rounding.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 7

    INTRODUCTION TO STATICS

    MECHANICS, STATICS, DYNAMICS – WHAT ARE THEY?

     MECHANICS

    - DEFINED AS THE SCIENCE that describes and predicts the


    conditions of rest or motion of bodies under the action of forces.
    Examples: mechanics of rigid bodies, mechanics of deformable
    bodies, mechanics of fluids, mechanics of flight.

    - The mechanics of rigid bodies is subdivided into statics and


    dynamics.

    - Statics deals with bodies at rest; dynamics deals with bodies in


    motion.

    - mechanics is not an abstract or even a pure science; it is an


    applied science.

    - The purpose of mechanics is to explain and predict physical


    phenomena and thus to lay the foundations for engineering
    applications.

    1
     UNITS OF MEASUREMENT – FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS

    Length - used to locate the position of a point in space and


    thereby describe the size of a physical system. Once a
    standard unit of length is defined, one can then use it to
    define distances and geometric properties of a body as
    multiples of this unit.

    Time - conceived as a succession of events. Although the


    principles of statics are time independent, this quantity plays
    an important role in the study of dynamics.

    Mass - a measure of a quantity of matter that is used to compare the


    action of one body with that of another. This property
    manifests itself as a gravitational attraction between two
    bodies and provides a measure of the resistance of matter to
    a change in velocity.

    Force - considered as a “push” or “pull” exerted by one body on


    another.

    2
     International System of Units (SI Units)

    - In this system, which will be in universal use after the United


    States has completed its conversion to SI units, the base units are
    the units of length, mass, and time, and they are called,
    respectively, the meter (m), the kilogram (kg), and the second
    (s).

    - The SI units are said to form an absolute system of units. This


    means that the three base units chosen are independent of the
    location where measurements are made. The meter, the kilogram,
    and the second may be used anywhere on the earth; they may
    even be used on another planet and still have the same
    significance.

    3
    4
     U.S. Customary Units

    - Most practicing American engineers still commonly


    use a system in which the base units are those of length,
    force, and time.
    - These units are, respectively, the foot (ft), the pound (lb),
    and the second (s).
    - The second is the same as the corresponding SI unit.

    5
     NUMERICAL ACCURACY

    - Numerical work in engineering practice is most often


    performed by using handheld calculators and computers. It is
    important, however, that the answers to any problem be
    reported with justifiable accuracy using appropriate
    significant figures.

    RULE #1: DIMENSIONAL HOMOGENEITY

    - Equation must be dimensionally ‘balanced’. The units on the Left-


    Hand-Side (LHS) of the equation must be the same as the units on
    the Right-Hand-Side (RHS).

    RULE #2: SIGNIFICANT FIGURES

    - The number of significant figures contained in any number


    determines the accuracy of the number. For instance, the
    number 4981 contains four significant figures. However, if zeros
    occur at the end of a whole number, it may be unclear as to how
    many significant figures the number represents.

    - For example, 23 400 might have three (234), four (2340), or five
    (23 400) significant figures. To avoid these ambiguities, we will use
    engineering notation to report a result. This requires that numbers
    be rounded off to the appropriate number of significant digits and
    then expressed in multiples of (103), such as (103), (106), or (10–9).
    For instance, if 23 400 has five significant figures, it is written as
    23.400 x 103, but if it has only three significant figures, it is
    written as 23.4 x 103.

    - If zeros occur at the beginning of a number that is less than


    one, then the zeros are not significant. For example, 0.008 21
    has three significant figures. Using engineering notation, this
    number is expressed as 8.21x10–3. Likewise, 0.000 582 can be
    expressed as 0.582x10–3 or 582x10–6.

    6
     ROUNDING OFF NUMBERS

    - Rounding off a number is necessary so that the accuracy of the


    result will be the same as that of the problem data.

    - As a general rule, any numerical figure ending in a number greater


    than five is rounded up and a number less than five is not rounded
    up.

    - The rules for rounding off numbers are best illustrated by


    examples. Suppose the number 3.5587 is to be rounded off to
    three significant figures. Because the fourth digit (8) is greater than
    5, the third number is rounded up to 3.56. Likewise, 0.5896
    becomes 0.590 and 9.3866 becomes 9.39. If we round off 1.341 to
    three significant figures, because the fourth digit (1) is less than 5,
    then we get 1.34. Likewise, 0.3762 becomes 0.376 and 9.871
    becomes 9.87.

    - There is a special case for any number that ends in a 5. As a


    general rule, if the digit preceding the 5 is an even number, then
    this digit is not rounded up. If the digit preceding the 5 is an odd
    number, then it is rounded up. For example, 75.25 rounded off to
    three significant digits becomes 75.2, 0.1275 becomes 0.128, and
    0.2555 becomes 0.256.

     CALCULATIONS

    - When a sequence of calculations is performed, it is best to store


    the intermediate results in the calculator. In other words, do not
    round off calculations until expressing the final result.

    - This procedure maintains precision throughout the series of


    steps to the final solution.

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