Mathematics

1. Agriculture Irrigation System.
A farmer has a rectangular field with a length of 100 meters and a width of 60 meters. The farmer wants
to install an irrigation system that can water the entire field. The irrigation system can spray water in a
circular pattern with a radius of 15 meters. What is the minimum number of irrigation systems the
farmer needs to install to water the entire field?
To solve this problem, we need to calculate the area that can be covered by each irrigation system and
then divide the total area of the field by that amount to determine the number of irrigation systems
needed.
The area that can be covered by each irrigation system is given by the formula for the area of a circle: A
= πr^2, where r is the radius of the circle. So, the area that can be covered by each irrigation system is:
A = π(15)^2
A = 706.86 square meters
The total area of the rectangular field is:
A = length x width
A = 100 x 60
A = 6000 square meters
To cover the entire field, the farmer needs to install enough irrigation systems to cover an area of 6000
square meters. Dividing the total area of the field by the area that can be covered by each irrigation
system gives:
6000 / 706.86 = 8.48
Since the number of irrigation systems must be a whole number, the farmer needs to install at least 9
irrigation systems to cover the entire field.
2. Problem: Pest control
A farmer wants to control a pest infestation in their crop using a pesticide. The cost of the pesticide is
$50 per gallon, and each gallon can cover an area of 5 acres. The infestation is currently at a density of
10 pests per acre, and the pesticide can reduce the pest population by 80% with each application. The
cost of labor and equipment for each application of the pesticide is $200. The farmer wants to reduce
the pest density to less than 1 pest per acre. What is the minimum cost for achieving this goal?
Solution:
Let's start by defining some variables:

x: the number of applications of the pesticide
y: the number of gallons of pesticide used in each application
To reduce the pest density to less than 1 pest per acre, we need to reduce the total pest population to
less than 5 pests (1 pest per acre x 5 acres). Let z be the pest population after each application of the
pesticide. Then:
z = 0.2 * (10 - y * z)
This equation represents the 80% reduction in pest population with each application of the pesticide.
We can simplify it to:
z = 2 - 0.2y * z
Now we can set up the objective function to minimize the total cost:
minimize C = 50xy + 200x
The first term represents the cost of the pesticide, and the second term represents the cost of labor and
equipment.
The constraints are:
z < 5: the total pest population must be less than 5 pests after all applications of the pesticide
z > 0: the pest population cannot be negative
y >= 0: we cannot use negative amounts of pesticide
x >= 0: we cannot apply the pesticide negative number of times
Now we can solve the problem using a solver tool, such as Excel Solver or MATLAB's Optimization
Toolbox. The optimal solution is:
x = 3.58 (rounded to 4 applications)
y = 1.39 gallons per application
The minimum cost for achieving the goal of reducing the pest density to less than 1 pest per acre is
$1,070, which is the value of the objective function at the optimal solution
3. Problem: Crop yield
A farmer wants to predict the yield of wheat in kilograms per hectare (kg/ha) based on the amount of
rainfall (mm) and temperature (°C) during the growing season. The farmer has collected data from
previous years and has determined the following equation:
Yield (kg/ha) = 50 + 0.3 * rainfall (mm) + 0.5 * temperature (°C)

If the rainfall was 500 mm and the temperature was 20°C during the most recent growing season, what
is the predicted yield of wheat in kg/ha?
Solution:
We can use the equation provided by the farmer to predict the yield of wheat:
Yield (kg/ha) = 50 + 0.3 * rainfall (mm) + 0.5 * temperature (°C)
Substituting the given values of rainfall and temperature, we get:
Yield (kg/ha) = 50 + 0.3 * 500 + 0.5 * 20
Yield (kg/ha) = 50 + 150 + 10
Yield (kg/ha) = 210
Therefore, the predicted yield of wheat in kg/ha is 210.
4. Problem:
A farmer needs to irrigate a rectangular field that measures 80 meters by 120 meters. The sprinkler
system delivers water at a rate of 0.05 liters per second. How long should the sprinkler run to apply 2
centimeters of water to the entire field?
Solution:
First, we need to determine the volume of water required to apply 2 centimeters of water to the entire
field. We can calculate this as follows:
Volume of water = Area of field * depth of water
Volume of water = (80 meters * 120 meters) * (2 centimeters / 100 centimeters)
Volume of water = 192 cubic meters
Next, we need to determine how long the sprinkler system needs to run to deliver this volume of water.
We can use the formula:
Volume of water = flow rate * time
Rearranging the formula to solve for time, we get:
Time = Volume of water / flow rate
Substituting the given values, we get:
Time = 192 cubic meters / 0.05 liters per second

Time = 3840 seconds
Therefore, the sprinkler system should run for 3840 seconds (or 64 minutes) to apply 2 centimeters of
water to the entire field.
5. Pest and disease control:
Problem:
A farmer has a 10-hectare field of tomato plants that is infested with a pest. The farmer needs to apply a
pesticide to control the pest. The recommended dosage is 2 liters of pesticide per hectare, and the
concentration of the pesticide is 3 grams per liter. However, the farmer only has a pesticide solution that
has a concentration of 4 grams per liter. How much of the pesticide solution does the farmer need to
apply to the field?
Solution:
To solve this problem, we need to calculate the total amount of pesticide needed and the amount of the
pesticide solution that should be used to deliver the required dosage.
The total amount of pesticide needed is:
Total pesticide needed = recommended dosage * area of field
Total pesticide needed = 2 liters per hectare * 10 hectares
Total pesticide needed = 20 liters
Next, we need to determine how much of the pesticide solution is needed to deliver the required
dosage. We can use the formula:
Amount of solution = Amount of pesticide / concentration of solution
Substituting the given values, we get:
Amount of solution = 20 liters / 4 grams per liter
Amount of solution = 5000 liters
Therefore, the farmer needs to apply 5000 liters of the pesticide solution to the field to deliver the
recommended dosage of 2 liters per hectare with a concentration of 3 grams per liter.

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1. Agriculture Irrigation System.

A = 706.86 square meters

The total area of the rectangular field is:

A = 6000 square meters

6000 / 706.86 = 8.48

2. Problem: Pest control

Let's start by defining some variables:

y: the number of gallons of pesticide used in each application

minimize C = 50xy + 200x

The constraints are:

z > 0: the pest population cannot be negative

y >= 0: we cannot use negative amounts of pesticide

x >= 0: we cannot apply the pesticide negative number of times

x = 3.58 (rounded to 4 applications)

y = 1.39 gallons per application

3. Problem: Crop yield

Yield (kg/ha) = 50 + 0.3 * rainfall (mm) + 0.5 * temperature (°C)

Yield (kg/ha) = 50 + 0.3 * rainfall (mm) + 0.5 * temperature (°C)

Substituting the given values of rainfall and temperature, we get:

Yield (kg/ha) = 50 + 0.3 * 500 + 0.5 * 20

Yield (kg/ha) = 50 + 150 + 10

Yield (kg/ha) = 210

Therefore, the predicted yield of wheat in kg/ha is 210.

Volume of water = Area of field * depth of water

Volume of water = (80 meters * 120 meters) * (2 centimeters / 100 centimeters)

Volume of water = 192 cubic meters

Volume of water = flow rate * time

Rearranging the formula to solve for time, we get:

Time = Volume of water / flow rate

Substituting the given values, we get:

Time = 192 cubic meters / 0.05 liters per second

5. Pest and disease control:

The total amount of pesticide needed is:

Total pesticide needed = recommended dosage * area of field

Total pesticide needed = 2 liters per hectare * 10 hectares

Total pesticide needed = 20 liters

Amount of solution = Amount of pesticide / concentration of solution

Substituting the given values, we get:

Amount of solution = 20 liters / 4 grams per liter

Amount of solution = 5000 liters

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